Automatic ultrasonic flaw detection system for wheel axle and wheel set

Abstract

The utility model discloses an automatic ultrasonic flaw detection system for wheel shafts and wheel sets. The automatic ultrasonic flaw detection system comprises a movable supporting platform, the wheel shaft and the wheel set lifting supporting device are located above the movable supporting platform; the wheel shaft and wheel pair rotation driving device is positioned above the wheel shaft and wheel pair lifting supporting device; and the device is used for carrying out ultrasonic flaw detection on wheel seat embedding parts of the wheel shaft and the wheel pair. The automatic ultrasonic flaw detection system for the wheel shaft and the wheel set is composed of a plurality of components, automatic flaw detection of the wheel shaft and the wheel set can be achieved through mutual matching of the components, manual operation is not needed, the detection efficiency is high, and the cost is low.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of ultrasonic flaw detection of axles and wheelsets, and in particular to an automatic ultrasonic flaw detection system for axles and wheelsets. Background Art

[0002] As the main component of train operation, wheelset is an important link affecting the safe operation of trains. In order to ensure the good technical status of wheelset and provide data support, it is necessary to conduct flaw detection on wheelset to determine whether there are defects such as fatigue cracks in the wheelset. The flaw detection area of ​​wheelset includes the root of axle journal, wheel seat insert and wheel rim.

[0003] Currently, there is no dedicated system for ultrasonic flaw detection of axles and wheelsets. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of the utility model is to solve the deficiencies of the above-mentioned background technology and to provide an axle and wheelset ultrasonic automatic flaw detection system which can automatically detect the axle and rim area.

[0005] To achieve this purpose, the axle and wheelset ultrasonic automatic flaw detection system designed by the utility model comprises a mobile support platform; a wheel axle and wheelset lifting support device located above the mobile support platform; a wheel axle and wheelset rotation drive device located above the wheel axle and wheelset lifting support device and a device for ultrasonic flaw detection of the wheel axle and wheel seat embedded part of the wheelset; the mobile support platform comprises a mobile platform that can move back and forth along the axis direction of the wheelset, and a positioning and ejection device for carrying and positioning the left and right wheels of the wheelset is fixed on the mobile platform, and a water tank for soaking the bottom of the left and right wheels of the wheelset, and a rim flaw detection probe for emitting ultrasonic waves to the wheel tread and detecting flaws on the rim is arranged inside the water tank; the wheel axle and wheelset lifting support device comprises a liftable axle support mechanism and a shaft end flaw detection mechanism that can be lifted and lowered synchronously with the axle support mechanism; or a shaft end flaw detection mechanism that can be lifted and lowered relative to the axle support mechanism; the axle support mechanism comprises two support brackets for supporting the left and right ends of the axle respectively, and the The support bracket is provided with a support bracket for supporting the wheel axle bearing and a support wheel assembly for supporting the wheel set journal, the wheel axle bearing can rotate on the support bracket, and the wheel set journal can rotate on the support wheel assembly; the shaft end flaw detection mechanism includes a shaft end flaw detection probe, a shaft end flaw detection probe height adjustment mechanism and a shaft end flaw detection probe horizontal adjustment mechanism; the shaft end flaw detection probe and the shaft end flaw detection probe horizontal adjustment mechanism are synchronously lifted and lowered with the axle support mechanism or lifted and lowered relative to the axle support mechanism through the shaft end flaw detection probe height adjustment mechanism; the wheel axle and wheelset rotation drive device includes two vertically arranged lifting drive devices, and the power output ends of the two lifting drive devices are respectively fixed with a driving wheel assembly that can contact the wheel treads on the left and right sides of the wheelset and drive the wheel axle and wheelset to rotate; the device for ultrasonic flaw detection of the wheel seat embedded part of the wheel axle and wheelset includes an axle body flaw detection probe, a lifting adjustment mechanism for adjusting the upper and lower vertical positions of the axle body flaw detection probe, and a left and right adjustment mechanism for adjusting the left and right horizontal positions of the lifting adjustment mechanism.

[0006] Furthermore, the track includes a first track and a second track for carrying the left and right wheels of the wheelset respectively; the positioning and ejection device includes a first positioning and ejection device and a second positioning and ejection device for driving the left and right wheels of the wheelset to leave the first track and the second track respectively or positioning the left and right wheels of the wheelset on the first track and the second track respectively; the water tank includes a first water tank and a second water tank for soaking the bottoms of the left and right wheels of the wheelset respectively; the mobile platform includes a first mobile platform for carrying the first track, the first positioning and ejection device and the first water tank, and a second mobile platform for carrying the second track, the second positioning and ejection device and the second water tank.

[0007] Furthermore, the first track, the first positioning and ejection device and the first water tank are fixed on the first mobile platform in parallel and at intervals; the second track, the second positioning and ejection device and the second water tank are fixed on the second mobile platform in parallel and at intervals; the top surface of the first track and the top surface of the second track are both provided with positioning grooves that cooperate with the bottom of the wheel to position the wheel on the first track and the second track.

[0008] Furthermore, the first positioning and ejection device and the second positioning and ejection device both include a connecting rod mechanism and a driving mechanism for driving the connecting rod mechanism to move, the connecting rod mechanism includes at least two hinged connecting rods; the driving mechanism can drive the connecting rod mechanism to move, change the angle between two adjacent hinged connecting rods, form an upwardly protruding wheel-pushing structure at the hinge of the two adjacent hinged connecting rods, and push the wheel out of the track; or, drive the connecting rod mechanism to move, cause the end of one of the connecting rods of the connecting rod mechanism to tilt upward to form a positioning structure, block the wheel from moving forward, and position the wheel on the track.

[0009] Furthermore, the connecting rod mechanism includes a first connecting rod and a second connecting rod that are hingedly connected; the driving mechanism is a linear reciprocating driving mechanism, which includes a driving mechanism housing and a reciprocating portion that can move back and forth along the axial direction of the driving mechanism housing; the middle part of the first connecting rod is hingedly connected to the driving mechanism housing, one end of the first connecting rod is hingedly connected to one end of the second connecting rod, and the other end of the second connecting rod is hingedly connected to the reciprocating portion.

[0010] Furthermore, the two support brackets are connected to a support lifting mechanism for driving the two support brackets to rise and fall synchronously; the support lifting mechanism includes two elevators respectively used to drive the two support brackets to rise and fall, and the driving shafts of the two elevators are connected to a motor reduction mechanism through a coupling, a connecting shaft and a steering gear.

[0011] Furthermore, the support wheel assembly includes a support wheel bracket and at least two support wheels arranged on the support wheel bracket, the axles of the two support wheels are arranged on the support wheel bracket in parallel along the axle direction, the space between the two support wheels is the placement space for the wheelset axle neck, and the surfaces of the two support wheels can be in close contact with the surface of the wheelset axle neck.

[0012] Furthermore, the support wheel assembly is connected to a switching drive device that can drive it to move to a working position that cooperates with the wheelset shaft neck or a non-working position that does not cooperate with the wheelset shaft neck; the switching drive device includes a linear reciprocating drive device arranged along the axle direction, and the driving end of the linear reciprocating drive device is fixed to the support wheel bracket.

[0013] Furthermore, the shaft end flaw detection probe height adjustment mechanism includes two shaft end probe mounting brackets respectively located above the supporting bracket and two probe lifting mechanisms respectively used to drive the two shaft end probe mounting brackets to rise and fall. The probe lifting mechanism includes a lifting fixing portion fixed on the supporting bracket and a lifting movable portion fixed to the shaft end probe mounting bracket and capable of driving the shaft end probe mounting bracket to rise and fall along a linear reciprocating motion. The shaft end probe mounting bracket is provided with the shaft end flaw detection probe horizontal driving mechanism and the shaft end flaw detection probe.

[0014] Furthermore, the horizontal adjustment mechanism of the shaft end flaw detection probe includes a shaft end probe horizontal driving mechanism fixed on the shaft end probe mounting bracket and the shaft end flaw detection probe fixed to the power output end of the shaft end probe horizontal driving mechanism; the shaft end probe horizontal driving mechanism includes a horizontal fixing portion fixed on the shaft end probe mounting bracket and a horizontal movable portion fixed to the shaft end flaw detection probe and capable of driving the shaft end flaw detection probe to reciprocate along the axial direction of the axle and to fit or separate from the end face of the axle.

[0015] The beneficial effect of the utility model is that the axle and wheelset ultrasonic automatic flaw detection system designed by the utility model is composed of multiple components.

[0016] The mobile support platform carries the wheels on the track, and the positioning and ejection device positions the wheels to realize the detection and positioning of the axle and wheelset. The mobile platform can move the water tank to the bottom of the wheel, and the bottom of the wheel is immersed in the water tank. The rim flaw detection probe in the water tank can be used to detect the rim. After the rim detection is completed, the positioning and ejection device pushes the wheelset out of the track. The axle and wheelset lifting support device supports both ends of the axle through the axle support mechanism, and adjusts the position of the support wheel assembly by switching the drive device to meet the support requirements of axles with bearings and axles without bearings, while not affecting the rotation of the axle itself. The shaft end flaw detection mechanism can be lifted and lowered with the axle support mechanism or relative to the axle support mechanism to achieve the fit of the shaft end flaw detection probe with the center plane of the axle end, and perform flaw detection on the root of the journal. The axle and wheelset rotation drive device can realize the rotation of the axle and wheelset by contacting the wheel tread, meeting the flaw detection requirements of the axle and wheelset, and does not affect the normal lifting and lowering of the axle and wheelset, reducing the wear of each mechanism and having a wide range of applications. The device for ultrasonic flaw detection of the wheel seat embedded part of the axle and wheelset adjusts the position of the axle body flaw detection probe through the lifting adjustment mechanism and the left and right adjustment mechanism. The axle body flaw detection probe has a large detection coverage range and can meet the flaw detection requirements of axles of different models and sizes. There is no need to manually adjust the position of the axle body flaw detection probe, ensuring full coverage of the wheel seat embedded part area, improving detection efficiency, and reducing the detection cost of the wheel seat embedded part.

[0017] Through the cooperation of the above-mentioned components, automatic flaw detection of axles and wheelsets can be realized without manual operation, with high detection efficiency and low cost. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 It is a three-dimensional diagram of the ultrasonic automatic flaw detection system for axles and wheelsets in the utility model;

[0019] Figure 2 This is a front view of the ultrasonic automatic flaw detection system for axles and wheelsets in the utility model;

[0020] Figure 3 It is a three-dimensional diagram of the positioning and ejection device in the utility model;

[0021] Figure 4 A three-dimensional diagram of a mobile support platform for ultrasonic flaw detection of axles and wheelsets in the utility model;

[0022] Figure 5 It is a top view of the mobile support platform for ultrasonic flaw detection of axles and wheelsets in the utility model;

[0023] Figure 6 It is a front view of the connection structure of the platform driving cylinder and the wheel axle and the movable supporting platform for ultrasonic flaw detection of the wheelset in the utility model;

[0024] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the positioning and ejection device in the utility model;

[0025] Figure 8 It is a three-dimensional diagram of the wheel axle and wheelset lifting support device of the utility model;

[0026] Fig. 9 This is a front view of the cooperation between the wheel axle, the wheelset lifting support device and the wheelset with bearings in the utility model;

[0027] Fig.10 It is a top view of the wheel axle and wheelset lifting support device of the utility model;

[0028] Fig.11 This is a front view of the cooperation between the support bracket and the wheelset with bearings in the utility model;

[0029] Fig.12 This is a front view of the utility model in which the shaft end probe mounting bracket and the supporting bracket are connected through the shaft end probe bracket lifting cylinder;

[0030] Fig.13 It is a three-dimensional diagram of the wheel axle and wheelset rotation drive device in the utility model;

[0031] Fig.14 This is a front view of the wheel axle and wheelset rotation drive device of the utility model;

[0032] Fig.15 It is a left side view of the wheel axle and wheelset rotation driving device of the utility model;

[0033] Fig.16 It is a top view of the wheel axle and wheelset rotation drive device in the utility model;

[0034] Fig.17 A three-dimensional diagram of a device for ultrasonic flaw detection of a wheel axle and a wheel seat insert of a wheel set in the utility model;

[0035] Fig.18 It is a front view of the device for ultrasonic flaw detection of the wheel axle and the wheel seat inserting part of the wheel set in the utility model;

[0036] Fig.19 It is a top view of the device for ultrasonic flaw detection of the wheel axle and the wheel seat inserting part of the wheel set in the utility model;

[0037] Fig. 20 It is a left side view of the device for ultrasonic flaw detection of the wheel axle and the wheel seat inserting part of the wheel set in the utility model;

[0038] Fig.21 It is a schematic diagram of ultrasonic flaw detection of a vehicle axle by the axle end flaw detection probe and the axle body flaw detection probe of the utility model;

[0039] Among them, 101 is a first track, 102 is a second track, 103 is a first positioning and ejecting device, 104 is a second positioning and ejecting device, 105 is a first water tank, 106 is a second water tank, 107 is a first moving platform, 108 is a second moving platform, 109 is a positioning groove, 110 is a guide rail, 111 is a guide slider, 112 is a positioning and ejecting cylinder, 113 is a spring, 114 is a connecting rod mechanism (114.1 is a first connecting rod, 114.2 is a second connecting rod), 115 is a moving platform rail, 116 is a moving platform slider, 117 is a platform driving cylinder, 118 is a first connecting rod, and 119 is a second connecting rod;

[0040] 201—axle support mechanism, 202—axle end probe mounting bracket, 203—support bracket, 204—elevator, 205—coupling, 206—steering gear, 207—motor reduction mechanism, 208—support bracket, 209—support wheel bracket, 210—support wheel, 211—axle end probe moving slide rail, 212—axle end probe moving slider, 213—axle end flaw detection probe, 214—axle end probe driving cylinder, 215—lifting guide rail, 216—lifting slider, 217—connecting shaft, 218—support wheel bracket driving cylinder, 219—support wheel bracket slide rail, 220—axle end probe bracket lifting cylinder;

[0041] 301—shaft flaw detection probe, 302—mounting seat, 303—lifting adjustment slide rail, 304—lifting adjustment slider, 305—horizontal drive slide rail, 306—horizontal drive slider, 307—mounting bracket (307.1—bracket top plate, 307.2—bracket straight plate), 308—horizontal adjustment slide rail, 309—horizontal adjustment slider, 310—lifting drive cylinder, 311—lifting adjustment cylinder, 312—horizontal drive cylinder, 313—horizontal adjustment cylinder;

[0042] 401—driving wheel, 402—driving motor, 403—driving wheel bracket, 404—lifting and fixing plate, 405—guide sleeve, 406—guide rod, 407—connecting plate, 408—guide sleeve, 409—driving wheel lifting cylinder;

[0043] 500—Axle and wheelset ultrasonic automatic flaw detection system, 501—System framework. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] The utility model is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0045] like Figure 1 The axle and wheelset ultrasonic automatic flaw detection system 500 shown in FIG. 17 comprises a mobile support platform; axle and wheelset lifting support device located above the mobile support platform; axle and wheelset rotation drive device located above the axle and wheelset lifting support device and a device for ultrasonic flaw detection of the wheel seat embedded part of the axle and wheelset. The mobile support platform, axle and wheelset lifting support device, axle and wheelset rotation drive device and a device for ultrasonic flaw detection of the wheel seat embedded part of the axle and wheelset are all arranged in the system frame 501.

[0046] like Figure 4 The movable support platform shown in FIG6 includes a movable platform driven by a platform driving cylinder 117, which is slidably matched with a movable platform slide rail 115 through a movable platform slider 116, and reciprocates along the axial direction of the wheelset. The movable platform is fixed with the above-mentioned positioning and ejection device for carrying and positioning the wheels on the left and right sides of the wheelset, driving the wheels to leave the tracks or positioning the wheels on the tracks; and a water tank for soaking the bottom of the wheels on the left and right sides of the wheelset, and a rim flaw detection probe is arranged inside the water tank for emitting ultrasonic waves to the wheel tread and detecting flaws on the rim.

[0047] like Figure 1As shown in FIG. 2 , the track includes a first track 101 and a second track 102 for carrying the left and right wheels of the wheelset respectively; the positioning and ejection device includes a first positioning and ejection device 103 and a second positioning and ejection device 104 for driving the left and right wheels of the wheelset to leave the first track 101 and the second track 102 or positioning the left and right wheels of the wheelset on the first track 101 and the second track 102 respectively; the water tank includes a first water tank 105 and a second water tank 106 for soaking the bottom of the left and right wheels of the wheelset respectively; the mobile platform includes a first mobile platform 107 for carrying the first track 101, the first positioning and ejection device 103 and the first water tank 105, and a second mobile platform 108 for carrying the second track 102, the second positioning and ejection device 104 and the second water tank 106. The first track 101, the first positioning and ejection device 103 and the first water tank 105 are fixed in parallel and spaced apart on the first mobile platform 107; the second track 102, the second positioning and ejection device 104 and the second water tank 106 are fixed in parallel and spaced apart on the second mobile platform 108. The top surface of the first track 101 and the top surface of the second track 102 are both provided with positioning grooves 109 that cooperate with the bottom of the wheel to position the wheel on the first track 101 and the second track 102.

[0048] like Figure 3 The positioning and ejection device shown for ultrasonic flaw detection of axles and wheelsets includes a connecting rod mechanism 114 and a positioning and ejection cylinder 112 for driving the connecting rod mechanism 114 to move.

[0049] The connecting rod mechanism 114 includes a first connecting rod 114.1 and a second connecting rod 114.2 that are hingedly connected; the first connecting rod 114.1 includes a first connecting rod 118 and a second connecting rod 119 that are fixedly connected as an integral structure and connected at an obtuse angle. One end of the first connecting rod 118 is hingedly connected to one end of the second connecting rod 114.2, and the other end of the first connecting rod 118 is fixedly connected to one end of the second connecting rod 119 at an obtuse angle as a whole. The length of the second connecting rod 119 is greater than that of the first connecting rod 118. The connection between the first connecting rod 118 and the second connecting rod 119 is hingedly connected to the housing of the positioning and ejection cylinder 112, and the other end of the second connecting rod 114.2 is hingedly connected to a guide mechanism.

[0050] The guide mechanism includes a guide rail 110 located below the piston rod of the positioning and ejecting cylinder 112 and arranged in parallel with the piston rod of the positioning and ejecting cylinder 112, and a guide slider 111 arranged on the guide rail 110; the piston rod of the positioning and ejecting cylinder 112 is fixed to the guide slider 111 and drives the guide slider 111 to reciprocate along the guide rail 110, and the other end of the second connecting rod 114.2 is hingedly connected to the guide slider 111. The spring 113 is coaxially sleeved on the piston rod of the positioning and ejecting cylinder 112, and the two ends of the spring 113 are respectively fixed to the guide slider 111 and the housing of the positioning and ejecting cylinder 112, and the spring 113 can drive the guide slider 111 to move and then reset.

[0051] like Figure 1 As shown in FIG. 2 , the mobile support platform is located below the axle and the wheelset, and can position and push the wheels of the axle and the wheelset, so that the wheels are positioned on the mobile support platform or pushed out of the mobile support platform. When the axle and the wheelset move along the conveying direction of the detection line to the first track 101 and the second track 102, as shown in FIG. Figure 7 As shown, at this time, the end of the second connecting rod 119 is in an upwardly tilted state, forming a positioning structure, blocking the wheel from moving forward, and the wheel is positioned on the first track 101 and the second track 102, and the bottom of the wheel is located in the positioning groove 109 of the first track 101 and the positioning groove 109 of the second track 102.

[0052] After the axle and wheelset have completed flaw detection, Figure 7 As shown, the positioning and ejection cylinder 112 of the first positioning and ejection device 103 and the positioning and ejection cylinder 112 of the second positioning and ejection device 104 respectively drive the connecting rod mechanism 114 to move, change the angle between the first connecting rod 114.1 and the second connecting rod 114.2, form an upwardly protruding wheel pushing structure at the hinge of the first connecting rod 114.1 and the second connecting rod 114.2, and push the wheel out of the track along the conveying direction of the detection line.

[0053] like Figure 8 —12 shows an axle and wheelset lifting support device, which includes a liftable axle support mechanism 201 and an axle end flaw detection mechanism that can be lifted and lowered synchronously with the axle support mechanism 201; or axle end flaw detection mechanism that can be lifted and lowered relative to the axle support mechanism 201.

[0054] The axle support mechanism 201 includes two support brackets 203 for supporting the left and right ends of the axle respectively, and the two support brackets 203 are connected to a support lifting mechanism for driving the two support brackets 203 to rise and fall synchronously; the support lifting mechanism includes two elevators 204 for driving the two support brackets 203 to rise and fall respectively, and the driving shafts of the two elevators 204 are connected to a motor reduction mechanism 207 through a coupling 205, a connecting shaft 217 and a steering gear 206. Both support brackets 203 are slidably arranged on a lifting guide rail 215 through a lifting slider 216, and the support bracket 203 is guided by the structure of the lifting guide rail 215 and the lifting slider 216 to ensure the lifting stability of the support bracket 203.

[0055] A support bracket 208 is fixed to one end of the support bracket 203 close to the axle. The support bracket 208 is used to support the wheel axle bearing, and the wheel axle bearing can rotate on the support bracket 208.

[0056] A support wheel bracket slide rail 219 is arranged on the support bracket 203 along the axle direction, and the support wheel bracket 209 is slidably matched with the support wheel bracket slide rail 219. Two support wheels 210 are arranged on the support wheel bracket 209, and the wheel axles of the two support wheels 210 are arranged on the support wheel bracket 209 in parallel along the axle direction. The space between the two support wheels 210 is the placement space of the wheel pair journal, and the surfaces of the two support wheels 210 can be in close contact with the surface of the wheel pair journal, and the wheel pair journal can rotate on the support wheel assembly. The top surfaces of the two support wheels 210 are located above the support surface of the support bracket 208, and the support wheel bracket 209 is connected to a switching drive device, which includes a support wheel bracket drive cylinder 218 arranged along the axle direction, and the piston rod end of the support wheel bracket drive cylinder 218 is fixed to the support wheel bracket 209. The support wheel bracket drive cylinder 218 can drive the support wheel bracket 209 to move to a working position that matches the wheel pair journal or a non-working position that does not match the wheel pair journal.

[0057] The shaft end flaw detection mechanism includes a shaft end flaw detection probe 213, a shaft end flaw detection probe height adjustment mechanism and a shaft end flaw detection probe horizontal adjustment mechanism.

[0058] The shaft end flaw detection probe height adjustment mechanism includes two shaft end probe mounting brackets 202 respectively located above the support bracket 203 and two shaft end probe bracket lifting cylinders 220 respectively used to drive the two shaft end probe mounting brackets 202 to rise and fall. Figure 7As shown, the housing of the shaft end probe bracket lifting cylinder 220 is fixed on the support bracket 203, and the piston rod end of the shaft end probe bracket lifting cylinder 220 is fixed to the shaft end probe mounting bracket 202. The shaft end probe mounting bracket 202 is slidably connected to the lifting guide rail 215 through the lifting slider 216. The shaft end flaw detection probe 213 and the shaft end flaw detection probe horizontal adjustment mechanism are lifted synchronously with the support bracket 203 or lifted relative to the support bracket 203 through the shaft end probe bracket lifting cylinder 220.

[0059] The horizontal adjustment mechanism of the shaft end flaw detection probe includes a shaft end probe driving cylinder 214 fixed on the shaft end probe mounting bracket 202 and a shaft end flaw detection probe 213 fixed on the piston rod of the shaft end probe driving cylinder 214. The shaft end probe driving cylinder 214 drives the shaft end flaw detection probe 213 to move back and forth along the axial direction of the axle, and to fit or separate from the end face of the axle. The shaft end probe mounting bracket 202 is provided with a shaft end probe moving slide rail 211, and the shaft end flaw detection probe 213 is slidably connected to the shaft end probe moving slide rail 211 through the shaft end probe moving slider 212. The shaft end flaw detection probe 213 is horizontally guided by the structure of the shaft end probe moving slider 212 and the shaft end probe moving slide rail 211.

[0060] like Fig.13 —16 shows a wheel axle and wheelset rotation drive device, comprising two vertically arranged driving wheel lifting cylinders 409, the bottom ends of the piston rods of the two driving wheel lifting cylinders 409 are respectively fixed with a driving wheel assembly that can contact the wheel treads on the left and right sides of the wheelset and drive the wheel axle and wheelset to rotate. The driving wheel assembly comprises a driving wheel 401 that can contact the wheel rim surface and a driving motor 402 connected to the driving wheel 401, the housing of the driving motor 402 is fixed to the driving wheel bracket 403, the motor shaft of the driving motor 402 passes through the driving wheel bracket 403 to connect the driving wheel 401, and the piston rod end of the driving wheel lifting cylinder 409 is fixed to the driving wheel bracket 403. The driving wheel lifting cylinder 409 comprises a housing vertically fixed to the lifting fixing plate 404 and a piston rod vertically passing through the lifting fixing plate 404 and fixed to the driving wheel bracket 403. The lifting and fixing plate 404 is connected to the driving wheel bracket 403 through a linear guide assembly, which includes a guide sleeve 405 vertically fixed to the left and right sides of the bottom surface of the lifting and fixing plate 404, a guide sleeve 408 whose inner surface is coaxially fitted with the surface of the guide rod 406 is coaxially fixed in the guide sleeve 405, the bottom of the two guide rods 406 is fixed to the driving wheel bracket 403, and the top of the two guide rods 406 is fixed as a whole through a connecting plate 407. The linear guide assembly can guide the driving wheel bracket 403 to reciprocate along the axis direction of the driving wheel lifting cylinder 409.

[0061] like Fig.17The device for ultrasonic flaw detection of the wheel seat insert of the wheel axle and the wheel set shown in FIG. 20 comprises two shaft flaw detection probes 301, a lifting adjustment mechanism for adjusting the vertical position of the two shaft flaw detection probes 301, and a left-right adjustment mechanism for adjusting the horizontal position of the lifting adjustment mechanism. The lifting adjustment mechanism comprises two vertically arranged lifting drive cylinders 310 for driving the shaft flaw detection probes 301 to lift and lower, and two cylinder shafts fixed to the housing of the lifting drive cylinder 310, and a lifting adjustment cylinder 311 for adjusting the vertical position of the lifting drive cylinder 310. The two lifting adjustment cylinders 311 are respectively fixed vertically on two mounting seats 302, and the mounting seat 302 and the lifting drive cylinder 310 cooperate to realize the stable lifting of the lifting drive cylinder 310 through the lifting adjustment slide rail 303 fixed on the housing of the lifting drive cylinder 310 and the lifting adjustment slider 304 fixed on the mounting seat 302. The left-right adjustment mechanism includes two horizontal driving rails 305, two mounting seats 302 are slidably connected to the two horizontal driving rails 305 through horizontal driving sliders 306, a mounting bracket 307 is fixed in the middle of the two horizontal driving rails 305, a horizontal adjustment rail 308 is fixed to the middle bottom surface of the mounting bracket 307, two horizontal adjustment cylinders 313 are slidably connected to the horizontal adjustment rail 308 through horizontal adjustment sliders 309, the shells of the two horizontal adjustment cylinders 313 are respectively fixed to the shells of the two horizontal driving cylinders 312 as an integral structure, and the cylinder shafts of the two horizontal driving cylinders 312 are respectively fixed to the two mounting seats 302. The mounting bracket 307 includes a bracket top plate 307.1 and two bracket straight plates 307.2 vertically connected to the bottom of the bracket top plate 307.1, and the cylinder shafts of the two horizontal adjustment cylinders 313 are respectively fixed to the two bracket straight plates 307.2.

[0062] The flaw detection method of the axle and wheelset ultrasonic automatic flaw detection system designed by the utility model is: after the axle and wheelset are transported to the flaw detection station, the track of the mobile support platform carries the wheel, and the wheel is positioned by the positioning and ejection device to realize the detection and positioning of the axle and wheelset, the motor reduction mechanism 207 is actuated to drive the two support brackets 203 to rise, and the two ends of the axle are supported on the support brackets 203. If the two ends of the axle are equipped with bearings, the two ends of the axle are supported on the support brackets 208. If the two ends of the axle are not equipped with bearings, the support wheel bracket driving cylinder 218 drives the support wheel bracket 209 to move along the support wheel bracket slide rail 219 to the bottom of the axle journal, and the axle journal is supported on the support wheel 210. The motor reduction mechanism 207 is actuated to drive the two support brackets 203 to lift the axle up. After the support bracket 203 lifts the axle, the shaft end probe mounting bracket 202 is driven by the shaft end probe bracket lifting cylinder 220 to move along the lifting guide rail 215, so that the shaft end flaw detection probe 213 is directly opposite the shaft end center of the axle, and the shaft end probe driving cylinder 214 drives the shaft end flaw detection probe 213 to move axially along the axle, and the shaft end flaw detection probe 213 is fitted with the end face of the axle, and the shaft end flaw detection probe 213 is reset after completing the flaw detection operation on the shaft end. The two horizontal adjustment cylinders 313 are in motion, and through the extension and contraction of their cylinder shafts, the integral structure composed of the two horizontal drive cylinders 312 and the horizontal adjustment cylinder 313 moves along the horizontal adjustment rail 308, and the positions of the two mounting seats 302 on the horizontal drive rail 305 are adjusted. The two horizontal drive cylinders 312 drive the two mounting seats 302 to move along the horizontal drive rail 305, and the positions of the two mounting seats 302 on the horizontal drive rail 305 are adjusted again, so that the detection positions of the two shaft flaw detection probes 301 can cover the entire axle. During the movement of the two mounting seats 302, the two lifting adjustment cylinders 311 respectively drive the two lifting drive cylinders 310 and the shaft flaw detection probe 301 at the bottom thereof to rise and fall. At the same time, the two lifting drive cylinders 310 respectively drive the shaft flaw detection probe 301 at the bottom thereof to rise and fall, so that the two shaft flaw detection probes 301 meet the axle detection requirements of various heights. The mobile platform moves the water tank to the position directly below the wheel, the motor reduction mechanism 207 is activated, and the two support brackets 203 are driven to lift the axle down. The bottom of the wheel is immersed in the water tank, and the driving wheel lifting cylinder 409 makes the driving wheel 401 drop. The driving wheel 401 is driven to rotate by the driving motor 402. The contact between the driving wheel 402 and the wheel tread realizes the rotation of the axle and the wheelset. The wheel rim flaw detection probe in the water tank can be used to detect the rim. After the rim detection is completed, the driving wheel 401 is reset, the motor reduction mechanism 207 is activated, and the two support brackets 203 are driven to lift the axle up. The mobile platform moves the track to the position directly below the wheel, and the motor reduction mechanism 207 is activated, and the two support brackets 203 are driven to lift the axle down. The wheel is lowered to the track, and the positioning and ejection device pushes the wheelset out of the track. Finally, the shaft end probe mounting bracket 202 and the support bracket 203 are reset with the movement.

[0063] like Fig.21 As shown, in the present invention, the shaft end flaw detection probe 213 is fitted with the center of the end face of the axle, and transmits ultrasonic waves to the root of the journal to detect the journal part of the axle. At the same time, the two shaft end flaw detection probes 213 send and receive axial ultrasonic waves to each other to perform flaw detection operations on the inside of the axle. After the shaft body flaw detection probe 301 is fitted with the surface of the axle, it transmits ultrasonic waves to the wheel seat embedded part to detect the wheel seat embedded part. The flaw detection operations of the shaft neck root and the wheel seat embedded part are completed by the wheel end flaw detection probe 213 and the shaft body flaw detection probe 301.

[0064] The axle and wheelset ultrasonic automatic flaw detection system designed by the utility model is composed of multiple components.

[0065] The mobile support platform carries the wheels through the track, and the positioning and ejection device positions the wheels to realize the detection and positioning of the axle and wheelset. The mobile platform can move the water tank to the bottom of the wheel, and the bottom of the wheel is immersed in the water tank. The rim flaw detection probe in the water tank can be used to detect the rim. After the rim detection is completed, the positioning and ejection device pushes the wheelset out of the track. The axle and wheelset lifting support device supports the two ends of the axle through the axle support mechanism 201, and adjusts the position of the supporting wheel assembly by switching the drive device to meet the support requirements of the axle with bearings and the axle without bearings, while not affecting the rotation of the axle itself. The shaft end flaw detection mechanism 213 can be lifted and lowered with the axle support mechanism 201 or relative to the axle support mechanism 201, so that the shaft end flaw detection probe 213 fits the center plane of the axle end and performs flaw detection on the shaft end. The axle and wheelset rotation drive device can realize the rotation of the axle and wheelset by contacting the wheel tread, meeting the flaw detection requirements of the axle and wheelset, and does not affect the normal lifting and lowering of the axle and wheelset, reducing the wear of each mechanism and having a wide range of applications. The device for ultrasonic flaw detection of the wheel seat embedded part of the axle and wheelset adjusts the position of the axle body flaw detection probe 301 through the lifting adjustment mechanism and the left and right adjustment mechanism. The axle body flaw detection probe 301 has a large detection coverage range and can meet the flaw detection requirements of axles of different models and sizes. There is no need to manually adjust the position of the axle body flaw detection probe 301, which ensures full coverage of the wheel seat embedded part area, improves the detection efficiency, and reduces the detection cost of the shaft neck root and the wheel seat embedded part.

[0066] Through the cooperation of the above-mentioned components, automatic flaw detection of axles and wheelsets can be realized without manual operation, with high detection efficiency and low cost.

[0067] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the utility model, and does not limit the structure of the utility model in any form. Any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiment based on the technical essence of the utility model still falls within the scope of the technical solution of the utility model.

Claims

1. An ultrasonic automatic flaw detection system for axles and wheelsets, characterized by: It includes a mobile support platform; a wheel axle and wheelset lifting support device located above the mobile support platform; a wheel axle and wheelset rotation drive device located above the wheel axle and wheelset lifting support device and a device for ultrasonic flaw detection of the wheel axle and wheelset wheel seat embedded part; The mobile support platform comprises a mobile platform that can reciprocate along the axis direction of the wheelset, on which are fixed rails for carrying and positioning the wheels on the left and right sides of the wheelset, and a positioning and ejection device for driving the wheels off the rails or positioning the wheels on the rails; and a water tank for soaking the bottoms of the wheels on the left and right sides of the wheelset, wherein a rim flaw detection probe for emitting ultrasonic waves to the wheel tread and detecting flaws on the rim is arranged inside the water tank; The axle and wheelset lifting support device comprises a liftable axle support mechanism (201) and an axle end flaw detection mechanism that can be lifted and lowered synchronously with the axle support mechanism (201); or can be lifted and lowered relative to the axle support mechanism (201); the axle support mechanism (201) comprises two support brackets (203) for supporting the left and right ends of the axle respectively; the support brackets (203) are provided with support brackets (208) for supporting the wheel axle bearing and a support wheel assembly for supporting the wheel set journal; the wheel axle bearing can rotate on the support brackets (208), and the wheelset journal can rotate on the support wheel assembly; the axle end flaw detection mechanism comprises an axle end flaw detection probe (213), an axle end flaw detection probe height adjustment mechanism, and an axle end flaw detection probe horizontal adjustment mechanism; the axle end flaw detection probe (213) and the axle end flaw detection probe horizontal adjustment mechanism can be lifted and lowered synchronously with the axle support mechanism (201) or can be lifted and lowered relative to the axle support mechanism (201) through the axle end flaw detection probe height adjustment mechanism; The wheel axle and wheelset rotation drive device comprises two vertically arranged lifting drive devices, and the power output ends of the two lifting drive devices are respectively fixed with a driving wheel assembly that can contact the wheel treads on the left and right sides of the wheelset and drive the wheel axle and wheelset to rotate; The device for ultrasonically inspecting the wheel axle and the wheel seat embedded part of the wheel set comprises an axle body flaw detection probe (301), a lifting adjustment mechanism for adjusting the upper and lower vertical positions of the axle body flaw detection probe (301), and a left and right adjustment mechanism for adjusting the left and right horizontal positions of the lifting adjustment mechanism.

2. The axle and wheelset ultrasonic automatic flaw detection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The track comprises a first track (101) and a second track (102) for carrying the left and right wheels of the wheelset respectively; the positioning and ejecting device comprises a first positioning and ejecting device (103) and a second positioning and ejecting device (104) for driving the left and right wheels of the wheelset to leave the first track (101) and the second track (102) respectively or positioning the left and right wheels of the wheelset on the first track (101) and the second track (102) respectively; the water tank comprises a first water tank (105) and a second water tank (106) for soaking the bottoms of the left and right wheels of the wheelset respectively; the mobile platform comprises a first mobile platform (107) for carrying the first track (101), the first positioning and ejecting device (103) and the first water tank (105), and a second mobile platform (108) for carrying the second track (102), the second positioning and ejecting device (104) and the second water tank (106).

3. The axle and wheelset ultrasonic automatic flaw detection system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first track (101), the first positioning and ejecting device (103) and the first water tank (105) are fixed in parallel and at intervals on the first mobile platform (107); the second track (102), the second positioning and ejecting device (104) and the second water tank (106) are fixed in parallel and at intervals on the second mobile platform (108); the top surface of the first track (101) and the top surface of the second track (102) are both provided with positioning grooves (109) that cooperate with the bottom of the wheel to position the wheel on the first track (101) and the second track (102).

4. The axle and wheelset ultrasonic automatic flaw detection system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first positioning and ejection device (103) and the second positioning and ejection device (104) both comprise a connecting rod mechanism (114) and a driving mechanism for driving the connecting rod mechanism (114) to move, wherein the connecting rod mechanism comprises at least two hinged connecting rods; the driving mechanism can drive the connecting rod mechanism (114) to move, change the angle between two adjacent hinged connecting rods, form an upwardly protruding wheel pushing structure at the hinge of the two adjacent hinged connecting rods, and push the wheel out of the track; or, drive the connecting rod mechanism (114) to move, cause the end of one of the connecting rods of the connecting rod mechanism (114) to tilt upward to form a positioning structure, block the wheel from moving forward, and position the wheel on the track.

5. The axle and wheelset ultrasonic automatic flaw detection system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The connecting rod mechanism (114) comprises a first connecting rod (114.1) and a second connecting rod (114.2) which are hingedly connected; the driving mechanism is a linear reciprocating driving mechanism, which comprises a driving mechanism housing and a reciprocating moving part which can reciprocate along the axial direction of the driving mechanism housing; the middle part of the first connecting rod (114.1) is hingedly connected to the driving mechanism housing, one end of the first connecting rod (114.1) is hingedly connected to one end of the second connecting rod (114.2), and the other end of the second connecting rod (114.2) is hingedly connected to the reciprocating moving part.

6. The axle and wheelset ultrasonic automatic flaw detection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two support brackets (203) are connected to a support lifting mechanism for driving the two support brackets (203) to rise and fall synchronously; The support lifting mechanism comprises two lifts (204) respectively used to drive the two support brackets (203) to lift and lower, and the driving shafts of the two lifts (204) are connected to a motor reduction mechanism (207) via a coupling (205), a connecting shaft (217) and a steering gear (206).

7. The axle and wheelset ultrasonic automatic flaw detection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The support wheel assembly comprises a support wheel bracket (209) and at least two support wheels (210) arranged on the support wheel bracket (209); the wheel axles of the two support wheels (210) are arranged on the support wheel bracket (209) in parallel along the axle direction; the space between the two support wheels (210) is a placement space for the wheelset journal; and the surfaces of the two support wheels (210) can be in close contact with the surface of the wheelset journal.

8. The axle and wheelset ultrasonic automatic flaw detection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The support wheel assembly is connected to a switching drive device that can drive it to move to a working position that matches with the wheelset journal or a non-working position that does not match with the wheelset journal; the switching drive device comprises a linear reciprocating drive device arranged along the axle direction, and the driving end of the linear reciprocating drive device is fixed to the support wheel bracket (209).

9. The axle and wheelset ultrasonic automatic flaw detection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shaft end flaw detection probe height adjustment mechanism comprises two shaft end probe mounting brackets (202) respectively located above the support bracket (203) and two probe lifting mechanisms respectively used to drive the two shaft end probe mounting brackets (202) to rise and fall. The probe lifting mechanism comprises a lifting fixing portion fixed to the support bracket (203) and a lifting movable portion fixed to the shaft end probe mounting bracket (202) and capable of driving the shaft end probe mounting bracket (202) to rise and fall along a straight line reciprocating motion. The shaft end probe mounting bracket (202) is provided with the shaft end flaw detection probe horizontal driving mechanism and the shaft end flaw detection probe (213).

10. The axle and wheelset ultrasonic automatic flaw detection system according to claim 9, characterized in that: The shaft end flaw detection probe horizontal adjustment mechanism comprises a shaft end probe horizontal drive mechanism fixed on the shaft end probe mounting bracket (202) and the shaft end flaw detection probe (213) fixed on the power output end of the shaft end probe horizontal drive mechanism; the shaft end probe horizontal drive mechanism comprises a horizontal fixing portion fixed on the shaft end probe mounting bracket (202) and a horizontal movable portion fixed to the shaft end flaw detection probe (213) and capable of driving the shaft end flaw detection probe (213) to reciprocate along the axial direction of the axle and to fit or separate from the end surface of the axle.

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