Ground truck or forklift truck capable of changing wheels

Abstract

The utility model discloses a truck or forklift with a replaceable wheel, which relates to the field of transportation devices and is mainly characterized in that in the existing truck or forklift structure, the rear end of a fork plate is provided with a wheel structure in a removable manner, the wheel structure is provided with a large wheel, and the size of the large wheel is larger than that of a rear small wheel; when the fork plate is lifted to a high position, the wheel structure is assembled at the rear end of the fork plate; and when the fork plate descends to a low position, the wheel structure is not assembled at the rear end of the fork plate. After the fork plate is lifted, a rear small wheel support is effectively replaced by a large wheel, so that the technical problems that a truck or a forklift is inconvenient to transport and the rear small wheel support is unstable are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the field of transportation devices, in particular to a ground bull or forklift capable of changing wheels. Background Art

[0002] A forklift is a kind of transportation tool, also known as a manual hydraulic transporter, which is generally used in large supermarkets, logistics warehouses, factories and construction sites. A forklift mainly uses a hydraulic jack for lifting and lowering. It is composed of an oil pump, a front wheel, a rear small wheel and a handle. The lifting principle is to control the direction of the hydraulic oil by the gear position on the operating handle to make the fork plate rise or fall; the rear small wheel is connected to the fork plate by a connecting rod and a lifting rod. When the fork plate is lifted or lowered, the connecting rod rotates with it, so that the connecting rod pushes and pulls the lifting rod, and the lifting rod swings with the support arm equipped with the rear small wheel, so as to realize the adjustment of the support height of the fork plate supported by the rear small wheel; that is, during the lifting and lowering of the fork plate, the support height of the fork plate supported by the rear small wheel is adjusted by the connecting rod and the lifting rod.

[0003] As mentioned above, forklifts are used in many occasions, especially on construction sites. The purpose of lowering the fork plate to the lowest position is to be able to reach under the cargo, and the purpose of raising the fork plate is to lift the cargo. Therefore, the lifting range of the fork plate is usually between 82mm-205mm. In order to match the lifting range, the outer diameter of the rear small wheel is usually around 80mm. For flat ground, the movement of the rear small wheel of this size is less affected. However, for potholes, especially on construction sites, there are often large obstacles that block the movement of the rear small wheel, making it difficult for the rear small wheel to roll over the obstacle, which makes it inconvenient to transport the forklift or forklift. On the other hand, it can be seen from the above dimensions that when the fork plate is raised to a larger height (such as the height of the fork plate is 200mm), the support arm between the small wheel and the fork plate is longer and the support arm is in or close to a vertical state. In this state, when the rear small wheel moves along the horizontal plane, the support stability of the support arm is poor, which can easily lead to support collapse.

[0004] To solve the above technical problem, those skilled in the art have thought of replacing the small rear wheels with larger wheels, such as 200mm wheels, which will result in the minimum height of the fork plate being 200mm, thereby failing to meet the requirement of the fork plate extending into the bottom of the cargo. Therefore, there is currently no reliable solution to this technical problem. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of the utility model is to provide a wheel-changing tractor or forklift in view of the above-mentioned problems, so as to effectively replace the rear small wheel support with a large wheel after the fork plate is raised, thereby solving the technical problems of inconvenient transportation of the tractor or forklift and unstable rear small wheel support.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the utility model is as follows: a wheel-changing tractor or forklift, the tractor or forklift has a plurality of fork plates and a front wheel at the front end, a lifting mechanism is fixed on the wheel frame of the front wheel, the lifting mechanism is connected to the fork plate to drive the fork plate to rise and fall; the rear end of each fork plate has a support arm that can be folded and unfolded, and the support arm is equipped with a rear small wheel; the support arm is connected to the fork plate through a linkage mechanism; when the fork plate is raised, the support arm unfolds to support the fork plate; when the fork plate is lowered, the support arm folds toward the fork plate; the rear end of the fork plate is removably equipped with a wheel structure, the wheel structure has a large wheel, and the size of the large wheel is larger than the rear small wheel; when the fork plate is raised and is in a high position, the wheel structure is assembled at the rear end of the fork plate; when the fork plate is lowered and is in a low position, the wheel structure is not assembled at the rear end of the fork plate.

[0007] Furthermore, each fork plate is equipped with a slide rail group having a plurality of parallel rails. All rails in the same slide rail group are slidably connected to the same wheel structure and can be locked when the wheel structure is located at the rear end of the fork plate.

[0008] Furthermore, the rear ends of all rails are close to the rear end of the fork plate, and the front ends of all rails are located at the front end of the fork plate; or the length direction of all rails is perpendicular to the length direction of the fork plate, and the slide rail assembly is installed at the rear end of the fork plate.

[0009] Furthermore, the wheel structure also includes a wheel seat, to which a large wheel capable of rotating around its own axis is connected; sliding pins are fixed on both sides of the wheel seat, and the sliding pins are slidably connected to the track.

[0010] Furthermore, the rear end of the track or the rear end of the fork plate has a locking mechanism for locking the wheel structure at the rear end of the track.

[0011] Furthermore, the track has only one section, and the front end of the track is not closed; or the track has two sections, one of which is a horizontal section for installation on the fork plate, and the other is an inclined section that can extend out of the fork plate, and the inclined section is inclined upward; the rear end of the horizontal section is close to the rear end of the fork plate, and the front end of the horizontal section is fixedly connected to the lower end of the inclined section.

[0012] Furthermore, it also includes a driving mechanism for driving the wheel structure to slide along the track, the driving mechanism can be installed on a ground bull or a forklift, and the output end of the driving mechanism is connected to the wheel structure.

[0013] Further, the driving mechanism is a multi-section telescopic arm, and the movement range of the wheel structure is within the telescopic range of the multi-section telescopic arm; the fixed end of the multi-section telescopic arm is hinged to the front end of the ground ox or forklift so that the multi-section telescopic arm can rotate in a vertical plane, and the movable end of the multi-section telescopic arm is hingedly connected to the wheel structure; or the fixed end of the multi-section telescopic arm is fixed to the front end of the ground ox or forklift, and the movable end of the multi-section telescopic arm is fixedly connected to the wheel structure; or the driving mechanism includes a rotating machinery, a traction rope and a plurality of fixed pulleys, and the fixed pulley can be fixed on a fork plate or a track, and the two ends of the traction rope are fixedly connected to the wheel seat after passing around the fixed pulley, and the middle part of the traction rope is wrapped around the output shaft of the rotating machinery; or the driving mechanism includes a rotating machinery, a chain and a plurality of driven gears, and the driven gears can be assembled on a fork plate or a track, and the two ends of the rack are fixedly connected to the wheel seat after passing around the driven gear, and the middle part of the rack is meshed with the driving gear on the output shaft of the rotating machinery.

[0014] Furthermore, a side wheel is arranged on the side of the fixed end of the multi-section telescopic arm, and the side wheel is arranged on the side of the fixed end and is located on the outside of the forklift or the forklift.

[0015] Furthermore, the locking mechanism is a planar abutment plane on the wheel structure, which abuts against the top of the track or the top of the fork plate when the wheel structure is located at the rear end of the track; or the locking mechanism is a vertical section of the track, and the length direction of the vertical section is perpendicular to the horizontal section.

[0016] Furthermore, a position indicator is provided at the rear end of the track, and the position indicator is used to detect whether the wheel structure reaches the rear end of the track.

[0017] Further, the in-place indicator is a contact switch and a controller with an alarm, and the contact switch is connected to the controller; or / and the in-place indicator is a contact switch connected to the signal input end of the controller, and the output end of the controller is connected to the driving mechanism.

[0018] Furthermore, the wheel structures respectively mounted on the plurality of fork plates are connected to the same driving mechanism.

[0019] In summary, due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the utility model are:

[0020] 1. The utility model unfolds the support arm with the rear small wheel, raises the fork plate, so that there is enough space for installing the large wheel between the fork plate and the ground (the bottom of the rear small wheel), and then installs the wheel structure with the large wheel at the rear end of the fork plate; folds and retracts the rear small wheel, and the large wheel in the wheel structure replaces the rear small wheel to support the fork plate, thereby replacing the rear small wheel in the ground bull or forklift with the large wheel;

[0021] 2. The utility model realizes the conversion between the large wheel and the small wheel at the rear end of the supporting fork plate, so that it can easily turn over larger obstacles during transportation without affecting the fork plate's extension into the bottom of the goods to hold up the goods, thereby effectively solving the inconvenience of transportation by ground cattle or forklifts; on the other hand, after replacing the fork plate with a large wheel, there is no need for the rear small wheel to be supported by a longer support arm, which effectively solves the technical problem of unstable support of the rear small wheel. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] The present invention will be described by way of examples with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0023] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the existing ground cattle;

[0024] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the mechanical structure for unfolding and folding the support arm;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the principle structure of a rotary machine in which the driving mechanism in the utility model is a rotary machine;

[0026] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the newly added structure of the track in the utility model;

[0027] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structural principle of the driving mechanism of the utility model, in which a multi-section telescopic arm is fixed to the front end of the ground bull and extends out of the pushing wheel structure;

[0028] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the structural principle of the multi-section telescopic arm retracting wheel structure fixed to the front end of the ground bull in the utility model;

[0029] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the structural principle of the multi-section telescopic arm hinged to the front end of the ground bull and extending the pushing / retracting wheel structure in the utility model;

[0030] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the track as an inherent structure on the fork plate in the utility model;

[0031] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the vertical assembly of the rail and the fork plate in the utility model;

[0032] Markings in the figure: 1-fork plate; 11-rear small wheel; 12-support arm; 13-lifting rod; 2-lifting mechanism; 3-front wheel; 31-wheel frame; 4-large wheel; 41-wheel seat; 411-rest plane; 42-sliding pin; 5-track; 51-horizontal section; 52-inclined section; 53-vertical section; 7-rotating machinery; 6-multi-section telescopic arm; 71-winch; 72-traction rope; 73-fixed pulley; 8-bolt pin. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] In the description of the present utility model, it should be noted that if the terms "center", "up", "down", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inside", "outside", etc. appear, the orientation or position relationship indicated is based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or is the orientation or position relationship in which the utility model product is usually placed when used. It is only for the convenience of describing the utility model and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present utility model.

[0034] In addition, if the terms "horizontal" or "vertical" appear in the description of the present invention, it does not mean that the components are required to be absolutely horizontal or suspended, but can be slightly tilted. For example, "horizontal" only means that its direction is more horizontal than "vertical", and does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but can be slightly tilted.

[0035] In the description of the present utility model, it is also necessary to explain that, unless otherwise clearly stipulated and limited, the terms "set", "installed", "connected" and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, the connection can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal connection of two elements.

[0036] Example 1

[0037] like Figure 1-Figure 9 As shown, a ground bull or forklift capable of changing wheels, this specification takes the ground bull as an example for explanation, and the setting of the forklift is similar to that of the ground bull. The ground bull has a plurality of fork plates 1 and a front wheel 3 at the front end, a lifting mechanism 2 is fixed on the wheel frame 31 of the front wheel 3, and the lifting mechanism 2 is connected to the fork plate 1 to drive the fork plate 1 to rise and fall; the rear end of each fork plate 1 has a support arm 12 that can be folded and unfolded, and the support arm 12 is equipped with a rear small wheel 11; the support arm 12 is connected to the fork plate 1 through a linkage mechanism; when the fork plate 1 rises, the support arm 12 unfolds to support the fork plate 1; when the fork plate 1 descends, the support arm 12 folds toward the fork plate 1; specifically, as described in the background technology, when the lifting mechanism 2 causes the fork plate 1 to rise, the linkage mechanism is used to cause the support arm 12 to rotate with the rear small wheel 11 toward the ground during the process of the fork plate 1 rising, so that the angle formed between the support arm 12 and the ground gradually increases, that is, the support arm 12 is unfolded, and then the fork plate 1 is supported at a higher height; similarly, conversely, when the lifting mechanism 2 drives the fork plate 1 to descend, the support arm 12 is driven by the linkage mechanism to rotate toward the fork plate 1, that is, the support arm 12 folds toward the fork plate 1, and the fork plate 1 is supported at a lower height.

[0038] It should be noted that the specific structures of the above-mentioned lifting mechanism 2 and linkage mechanism, as well as the specific connection method between the lifting mechanism 2, support arm 12 and the fork plate 1, and the specific connection method between the linkage mechanism and the fork plate 1 and the support arm 12 are all existing technologies in the field, and their related technical features will not be described in detail here.

[0039] When the fork plate 1 lifts the goods, the rear small wheel 11 at the rear end thereof can be replaced by the large wheel 4 to solve the related technical problems, mainly due to the following technical features.

[0040] In this embodiment, the rear end of the fork plate 1 is removably equipped with a wheel structure, which has a large wheel 4, and the size of the large wheel 4 is larger than the rear small wheel 11; when the fork plate 1 is raised and in a high position, the wheel structure is assembled to the rear end of the fork plate 1; when the fork plate 1 is lowered and in a low position, the wheel structure is not assembled to the rear end of the fork plate 1. Specifically, when the fork plate 1 is raised, the support arm 12 is unfolded, and the rear small wheel 11 supports the fork plate, and then the wheel structure with the large wheel 4 is assembled to the rear end of the fork plate. After the wheel structure is assembled, the fork plate 1 is lowered, the support arm 12 is folded, and the rear small wheel 11 no longer supports the fork plate, thereby achieving the support of the rear end of the fork plate 1 replaced by the support of the wheel structure with the large wheel 4; if the large wheel 4 needs to be replaced by the rear small wheel 11, the support arm 12 needs to be unfolded, the fork plate 1 is raised, the fork plate 1 is separated from the support of the large wheel 4 or there is no supporting force between the fork plate 1 and the wheel structure. At this time, the fork plate is supported by the rear small wheel 11, and the wheel structure can be moved out of the rear end of the fork plate 1, thereby achieving the replacement of the large wheel 4 with the small wheel 11.

[0041] In this embodiment, by unfolding the support arm with the rear small wheel and raising the fork plate, there is enough space for installing the large wheel between the fork plate and the ground (the bottom of the rear small wheel), and then the wheel structure with the large wheel is installed at the rear end of the fork plate; the rear small wheel is folded and retracted, and the large wheel in the wheel structure replaces the rear small wheel to support the fork plate, thereby realizing the replacement of the rear small wheel in the ground bull or forklift with the large wheel; by converting between the large wheel and the small wheel at the rear end of the supporting fork plate, it is achieved that while ensuring that the fork plate does not affect the extension of the fork plate into the bottom of the goods to hold up the goods, larger obstacles can be easily turned over during transportation, effectively solving the inconvenience of transportation by ground bulls or forklifts; on the other hand, after replacing the fork plate with a large wheel, there is no need to support the rear small wheel through a longer support arm, which effectively solves the technical problem of unstable support of the rear small wheel.

[0042] Example 2

[0043] Based on Example 1, a feasible specific implementation method is further proposed.

[0044] A slide rail group is installed on each fork plate, and the slide rail group has one, two or more than two parallel tracks 5, and the number of tracks 5 is determined according to specific circumstances such as stability, material strength, and usage scenarios; the number of tracks 5 is two for explanation (one track 5 can be regarded as the combination of two tracks 5 in this description; when the number of tracks 5 exceeds two, the remaining tracks 5 can be installed between the two tracks 5 in this description); all tracks 5 in the same slide rail group are slidably connected to the same wheel structure, and can be locked when the wheel structure is located at the rear end of the fork plate; the wheel structure can move along the track 5, and the wheel structure can enter the rear end of the fork plate 1 through the track 5, so as to realize the assembly of the wheel structure, and then the large wheel 4 replaces the rear small wheel 11; and the wheel structure is moved out of the rear end of the fork plate 1 through the track 5, so as to realize the removal of the wheel structure, and then the rear small wheel 11 replaces the large wheel 4.

[0045] Regarding the arrangement of the slide rail assembly, the following two implementation methods are proposed in this embodiment.

[0046] The first implementation method, such as Fig. 9 As shown, the length direction of all rails 5 is perpendicular to the length direction of the fork plate 1, and the slide rail assembly is installed at the rear end of the fork plate 1, that is, the wheel structure enters and moves out of the rear end of the fork plate from the side of the fork plate 1.

[0047] For the first embodiment, there are many ways to lock the wheel structure. For example, after the wheel structure is installed in place, the wheel structure and the track 5 are locked together by bolts; for example, locking threaded holes are opened at both ends of the track, and threaded pins 8 are connected; when the wheel structure enters the track, the threaded pins 8 are removed; after the wheel structure is installed in place, the threaded pins 8 are installed to constrain both sides of the wheel structure, thereby achieving locking of the wheel structure.

[0048] The second implementation method, such as Figure 3-Figure 8 As shown, two tracks 5 are respectively installed on both sides of the same fork plate 1; the rear ends of all tracks 5 are close to the position of the rear small wheel 11, and the front ends of all tracks 5 are located at the front end of the fork plate 1, and all tracks 5 in the same slide rail group are slidably connected to the same wheel structure with a large wheel 4, and the size of the large wheel 4 is larger than the small wheel; for the slide rail group with only two tracks 5, the two sides of the wheel structure are respectively slidably connected to the two tracks 5, and the wheel structure moves along the track 5, so that the large wheel 4 can move from the front end of the ground cow to the rear end of the fork plate 1, and can also move from the rear end of the fork plate 1 to the front end of the ground cow; the rear end of the track 5 has a locking mechanism for locking the wheel structure at the rear end of the track 5, so that the wheel structure can be stably at the rear end of the track 5 to support the rear end of the fork plate 1.

[0049] It should be noted that the first embodiment can only be installed or removed by manual means; while the second embodiment can be used to install or remove the wheel structure through mechanical structure or manual means; for this reason, the second embodiment is preferred, and the following description is based on this embodiment.

[0050] In this embodiment, the track 5 can be a newly added structure, that is, a non-inherent structure on the fork plate 1; it can also be an inherent structure of the fork plate 1; for example, if the cross-sectional shape of the fork plate 1 is "П"-shaped, the track 5 can be a newly added structure installed on the inner walls on both sides of the fork plate 1; for example, if the cross-sectional shape of the fork plate 1 has an inward folded edge, the track 5 can be an inherent structure of the fork plate 1.

[0051] In this embodiment, the specific process of the transformation between the rear small wheel 11 and the large wheel 4 is as follows:

[0052] Before using the ox to transport goods, it is necessary to replace the rear small wheel 11 supporting the fork plate 1 with a large wheel 4 supporting the fork plate 1. Therefore, it is necessary to first use the lifting mechanism 2 to lift the fork plate 1 and unfold the support arm 12 with the rear small wheel 11 until there is space to install the large wheel 4, that is, until the vertical dimension of the track 5 or the fork plate 1 from the lowest end of the rear small wheel 11 is larger than the size of the large wheel 4 that needs to be replaced. At this time, the rear small wheel 11 and the support arm 12 temporarily support the fork plate 1; then, the wheel structure located at the front end of the guide rail is moved to the rear end of the guide rail by manual pushing or driving mechanism, and the locking mechanism locks the wheel structure; then the lifting mechanism 2 is used to lower the fork plate 1, and the support arm 12 with the rear small wheel 11 is folded and retracted until the wheel structure supports the fork plate 1, thereby completing the replacement of the fork plate 1 supported by the rear small wheel 11 with the fork plate 1 supported by the large wheel 4.

[0053] When the fork plate 1 needs to be inserted into the bottom of the cargo, the large wheel 4 supporting the fork plate 1 needs to be replaced with the rear small wheel 11 supporting the fork plate 1. It is necessary to first use the lifting mechanism 2 to raise the fork plate 1, and the support arm 12 with the rear small wheel 11 is unfolded until there is no supporting force between the large wheel 4 and the fork plate 1, that is, until the vertical dimension of the track 5 or the fork plate 1 from the lowest end of the rear small wheel 11 is larger than the required large wheel 4 size. At this time, the rear small wheel 11 and the support arm 12 temporarily support the fork plate 1; then the locking mechanism is unlocked, and the wheel structure located at the rear end of the guide rail is moved to the front end of the guide rail by manual push or driving mechanism, so as to make room for the fork plate 1 to descend; then the lifting mechanism 2 is used to lower the fork plate 1, and the support arm 12 with the rear small wheel 11 is folded and retracted until the fork plate 1 is lowered to be able to insert into the bottom of the cargo, thereby completing the replacement of the fork plate 1 supported by the large wheel 4 with the fork plate 1 supported by the rear small wheel 11.

[0054] In this embodiment, by switching between the large wheel 4 and the small wheel supporting the rear end of the fork plate 1, it is possible to easily turn over larger obstacles during transportation without affecting the fork plate 1 from extending into the bottom of the goods to hold up the goods, thereby effectively solving the inconvenience of ground transportation; on the other hand, after replacing the large wheel 4 to support the fork plate 1, there is no need for the rear small wheel 11 to be supported by the longer support arm 12, thereby effectively solving the technical problem of unstable support of the rear small wheel 11.

[0055] Example 3

[0056] Based on any one of the implementations in Examples 1-2, a specific implementation method that can be implemented is further proposed.

[0057] like Figure 4 , Figure 8 As shown, the wheel structure also includes a wheel seat 41, and the bottom of the wheel seat 41 is connected to a large wheel 4 that can rotate around its own axis, and the large wheel 4 is located between the two sides of the wheel seat 41; sliding pins 42 are fixed on both sides of the wheel seat 41, and the sliding pins 42 are slidably connected to the track 5; in fact, the track 5 supports the sliding pins 42, and the sliding pins 42 support the wheel seat 41, and the wheel seat 41 carries the large wheel 4; the sliding pins 42 are used instead of the rotating shaft of the large wheel 4 to connect with the track 5, so that the rotation of the large wheel 4 is independent, avoiding the rotation of the large wheel 4 accompanied by movement along the track 5 (this situation will occur when the rotating shaft of the large wheel 4 is located in the track 5).

[0058] Furthermore, the wheel seat 41 may be of a "П" type or an "H" type, and the strength of the wheel seat 41 is effectively improved by connecting the two sides of the wheel seat 41. Figure 4 , the track 5 is a newly added structure, the wheel seat 41 can be a "П" type or an "H" type, and the position of the track 5 installed on the fork plate 1 can be adjusted to avoid the lifting rod 13 of the ground bull (the lifting rod 13 is a part of the linkage mechanism), so as to achieve the work of not interfering with the lifting rod 13; Figure 8 For the inherent structure of the track 5 as the fork plate 1, the wheel seat 41 is preferably "H"-shaped, which can ensure that the wheel seat 41 can effectively abut against the top of the ground bull, and can avoid the lifting rod 13 of the ground bull, thereby achieving the work of not interfering with the lifting rod 13.

[0059] Example 4

[0060] Based on any one of the implementations in Examples 1-3, a specific implementation of "Track 5" is further proposed.

[0061] The first implementation method, such as Figure 5 , Figure 6As shown, the track 5 has only one section, that is, the track 5 is the inherent structure of the fork plate 1; the front end of this section of the track 5 is not closed, so that the wheel structure can be separated from the track 5, so that when the fork plate 1 descends, the rotating shaft and sliding pin 42 of the large wheel 4 in the wheel structure will not interfere with the descent of the fork plate 1, that is, there will be no position interference with the movement of the fork plate 1; after the fork plate 1 rises to its position, the position of the sliding pin 42 is aligned with the track 5.

[0062] The second implementation method, such as Figure 3 , Figure 7 As shown, the track 5 is divided into two sections, that is, it is mainly for the case where the track 5 is a newly added structure; one section is a horizontal section 51 for installation on the fork plate 1, which is equivalent to the track 5 in the first embodiment; the other section is an inclined section 52 that can extend out of the fork plate 1, and the inclined section 52 is inclined upward and forms an obtuse angle with the horizontal section 51; the rear end of the horizontal section 51 is close to the rear end of the fork plate 1, and the front end of the horizontal section 51 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the inclined section 52; when the fork plate 1 descends, the sliding pin 42 in the wheel structure will enter the inclined section 52 along the track 5 and make an upward movement relative to the fork plate 1; when the fork plate 1 rises, the sliding pin 42 in the wheel structure enters the horizontal section 51 along the inclined section 52; this method can also effectively prevent the movement of the fork plate 1 from being disturbed.

[0063] Example 5

[0064] Based on any one of the implementations in Examples 1-4, a feasible implementation is further proposed.

[0065] The ground bull is also equipped with a driving mechanism for driving the wheel structure to move along the track 5. The driving mechanism replaces manual labor to push the wheel structure, saving manpower and preventing workers from bending over and putting their hands into the fork plate 1. That is, the position of the wheel structure in the track 5 can be controlled outside the fork plate 1, reducing the risk of worker injury.

[0066] In this embodiment, there are several implementation methods regarding the "driving mechanism" as follows.

[0067] The first implementation method, such as Figure 5 , Figure 6 As shown, the driving mechanism is a multi-section telescopic arm 6, such as a multi-section oil cylinder; specifically, the fixed end of the multi-section telescopic arm 6 is fixed to the front end of the ground ox, and can be fixed on the wheel frame 31 of the front wheel 3, and the movable end of the multi-section telescopic arm 6 is fixedly connected to the wheel structure; such a setting can only be applied to the case where the track 5 has only one section; the accuracy of the size needs to be considered when designing the specific size, that is, when the fork plate 1 is raised, the track 5 can be directly opposite to the sliding pin 42 of the wheel structure; and the bottom of the large wheel 4 in the wheel structure can fit the ground, which is equivalent to the installation height of the large wheel 4 matching the radius of the large wheel 4.

[0068] For the first embodiment, the locking mechanism can be a multi-section telescopic arm 6. Since the fixed end of the multi-section telescopic arm 6 is fixed, the multi-section telescopic arm 6 has only mobility along the axis. After the multi-section telescopic arm 6 delivers the wheel structure to the right position, the locking of the multi-wheel structure can be achieved by maintaining pressure on the multi-section telescopic arm 6.

[0069] The second implementation method, such as Figure 7 As shown, the driving mechanism is a multi-section telescopic arm 6, such as a multi-section oil cylinder; specifically, the fixed end of the multi-section telescopic arm 6 is hinged to the front end of the ground cow, and can be hinged to the wheel frame 31 of the front wheel 3, so that the multi-section telescopic arm 6 can rotate in a vertical plane, and the movable end of the multi-section telescopic arm 6 is hingedly connected to the wheel structure to avoid movement interference; for such a setting, the track 5 can have only one section or two sections; if the track 5 has only one section, its setting features are the same as those of the first embodiment, and no further explanation is given here; if the track 5 has two sections, the multi-section telescopic arm 6 can rotate in a vertical plane, and the movable end of ... The hinge between the movable end and the fixed end of the telescopic arm 6 can ensure that the wheel structure can move from one section to another in the track 5 (when the fork plate 1 rises, the sliding pin 42 in the wheel structure moves from the inclined section 52 to the horizontal section 51; when the fork plate 1 descends, the sliding pin 42 in the wheel structure moves from the horizontal section 51 to the inclined section 52). Taking the movement from the horizontal section 51 to the inclined section 52 as an example, under the restricting effect of the track 5, the multi-section telescopic arm 6 rotates relative to the front end of the ground cow and the wheel structure rotates relative to the multi-section telescopic arm 6, making the movement feasible without interference.

[0070] For the second embodiment, the locking mechanism is a planar abutment plane 411 on the wheel structure. When the wheel structure is located at the rear end of the track 5, the abutment plane 411 abuts against the top of the track 5 or the top of the fork plate 1. The plane abutment limits the rotation of the wheel structure relative to the multi-section telescopic arm 6. In addition, the multi-section telescopic arm 6 only has mobility along the axis, which maintains pressure to limit the position of the wheel structure in the track 5, thereby achieving locking of the wheel structure.

[0071] It should be noted that the short stop point of the multi-section telescopic arm 6 (the position of the movable end when the multi-section telescopic arm 6 is the shortest) is located outside the track 5 of the fork plate 1, and the long stop point of the multi-section telescopic arm 6 (the position of the movable end when the multi-section telescopic arm 6 is the longest) is located outside the rear end of the track 5, and is farther away from the front end of the track 5 relative to the rear end of the track 5, thereby ensuring that the movement range of the wheel structure is within the telescopic range of the multi-section telescopic arm 6.

[0072] It should be noted that when the driving mechanism is the multi-section telescopic arm described in the first and second embodiments, side wheels (not shown in the figure) can be provided at the fixed end of the multi-section telescopic arm 6. The side wheels are provided on the side of the fixed end and are located on the outside of the ground bull or forklift to reduce the possibility of rollover; that is, when the ground bull rolls over, it can be supported by the side wheels to improve the stability of the ground bull.

[0073] The third implementation method, such as Figure 3 As shown, the driving mechanism includes a rotating machine 7, a traction rope 72 and a plurality of fixed pulleys 73. The rotating machine 7 can be a servo motor, and the traction rope 72 can be a wire rope; the fixed pulley 73 is fixed to the fork plate 1 or the track 5, and the two ends of the traction rope 72 are fixedly connected to the wheel seat 41 after passing through the fixed pulley 73, and a capstan 71 is coaxially fixed on the output shaft of the rotating motor, and the middle part of the traction rope 72 is wound around the capstan 71; specifically, the rotating machine 7 is fixed to the wheel frame 31 or the fork plate 1 of the front wheel 3, and is preferably fixed relative to the fork plate 1 to avoid pulling the traction rope 72 during the up and down movement of the fork plate 1; fixed pulleys 73 are provided at the front and rear ends of the fork plate 1 near the top, and the traction rope 72 is fixedly connected to the rear side of the wheel seat 41 after passing through the fixed pulley 73; the wheel The front side of the seat 41 can be directly connected to the rotating machine 7 through a traction rope 72, or the traction rope 72 can be connected by bypassing a fixed pulley 73 arranged at the front end of the fork plate 1 near the bottom and a fixed pulley 73 arranged at the front end of the track 5 (the top of the inclined section 52). When the rotating machine 7 rotates clockwise, the traction rope 72 between the rotating machine 7 and the rear side of the wheel seat 41 is recovered, and the traction rope 72 between the rotating machine 7 and the front side of the wheel seat 41 is released, so that the wheel structure is pulled to the rear end of the track 5 by the traction rope 72. When the rotating machine 7 rotates counterclockwise, the traction rope 72 between the rotating machine 7 and the rear side of the wheel seat 41 is released, and the traction rope 72 between the rotating machine 7 and the front side of the wheel seat 41 is recovered, so that the wheel structure is pulled to the front end of the track 5 (the top of the inclined section 52) by the traction rope 72.

[0074] The fourth implementation method is as follows: Figure 3 As shown, the traction rope 72 in the third embodiment is replaced by a chain, the fixed pulley 73 is replaced by a driven sprocket, and the capstan 71 is replaced by a driving sprocket; specifically, the driving mechanism includes a rotating machine 7, a chain and a plurality of driven gears, the driven gears are assembled on the fork plate 1 or the track 5, the two ends of the rack are fixedly connected to the wheel seat 41 after passing through the driven gears, and the middle part of the rack is meshed with the driving gear on the output shaft of the rotating machine 7. Its working principle is the same as that of the third embodiment, and no further explanation is given here.

[0075] It should be noted that, for the third and fourth embodiments, the track 5 is preferably a track 5 with two sections, that is, the track 5 has a horizontal section 51 and an inclined section 52, so as to ensure that the wheel structure can give way, thereby not affecting the lifting and lowering of the fork plate 1.

[0076] It should be noted that, for the third and fourth embodiments, the locking mechanism is the vertical segment 53 of the track 5, and the length direction of the vertical segment 53 is perpendicular to the horizontal segment 51; if it is necessary to lock the wheel structure, the fork plate 1 is lowered and the track 5 is lowered with it. Since the large wheel 4 is supported by the ground, the large wheel 4 will not drop, so the sliding pin 42 will enter the vertical segment 53, thereby completing the locking of the wheel structure; if it is necessary to unlock the wheel structure, the fork plate 1 is supported by the rear small wheel 11 and the track 5 is raised. Since the large wheel 4 is affected by its own gravity, it will not rise with the fork plate 1, so that the sliding pin 42 slides out of the vertical segment 53, thereby completing the unlocking of the wheel structure.

[0077] It should be noted that the fundamental difference between the first and second embodiments and the third and fourth embodiments is that: when the large wheel 4 is located at the rear end of the track 5 and the large wheel 4 also supports the fork plate 1, the first and second embodiments are that the large wheel 4 is on the ground waiting for the fork plate 1 to descend and sit on the wheel structure; the third and fourth embodiments are that the fork plate 1 sits on the ground with the wheel structure.

[0078] In any implementation of this embodiment, when judging whether the wheel structure has reached the rear end of the track 5, the rear end of the track 5 can be used as a basis for limiting the continued sliding of the wheel structure. For example, when the wheel structure cannot be pushed backward manually or the driving mechanism can no longer drive the wheel structure to move backward, it means that the wheel structure has reached the rear end of the track 5.

[0079] Of course, other implementations may also be adopted to ensure that the wheel structure has reached the rear end of the track 5, that is, a position indicator is provided at the rear end of the track 5 to prompt the operator that the wheel structure has reached the rear end of the track 5; specifically, the position indicator may be a contact switch and a controller with an alarm, the contact switch is connected to the controller, the wheel structure reaches the rear end of the track 5, prompting the contact switch to close, and after the controller obtains the signal of the contact switch closing, the controller controls the controller to alarm; or the position indicator is a contact switch, which is connected to the signal input end of the controller, and the output end of the controller is connected to the drive mechanism described below, and when the position indicator obtains the signal that the wheel structure has reached the rear end of the track 5, the signal is transmitted to the controller, and the controller controls the drive mechanism to stop working according to the signal.

[0080] It should be noted that the wheel structures in multiple fork plates 1 can independently use a set of driving mechanisms, or they can share a set of driving mechanisms. For example, two capstans 71 are arranged on the output shaft of the rotating machinery 7, and the two capstans 71 correspond to the wheel structures assembled in different fork plates 1, respectively, so that the movement of the wheel structures is synchronized.

[0081] Example 6

[0082] like Figure 1-Figure 9 As shown, a method for changing wheels of a ground bull comprises the following steps:

[0083] S1: The rear small wheel 11 supporting the fork plate 1 is replaced with a large wheel 4 supporting the fork plate 1, including steps S11 to S14;

[0084] S11: unfold the support arm 12 with the rear small wheel 11, and raise the fork plate 1 until there is space for installing the large wheel 4; at this time, the rear small wheel 11 supports the fork plate 1;

[0085] S12: Assemble a large wheel 4 at the rear end of the fork plate 1, wherein the size of the large wheel 4 is larger than the small wheel;

[0086] S13: Lock the position of the large wheel 4 relative to the fork plate 1;

[0087] S14: retract the support arm 12 with the rear small wheel 11, and the fork plate 1 descends until the large wheel 4 supports the fork plate 1; after completion, the small wheel 11 supporting the fork plate 1 is replaced by the large wheel 4 supporting the fork plate 1;

[0088] S2: The large wheel 4 supporting the fork plate 1 is replaced by the rear small wheel 11 supporting the fork plate 1, including steps S21-S22;

[0089] S21: unfold the support arm 12 with the rear small wheel 11, and raise the fork plate 1 until there is no supporting force between the large wheel 4 and the fork plate 1; at this time, the rear small wheel 11 supports the fork plate 1;

[0090] S22: retract the large wheel 4 from the rear end of the fork plate 1; complete the replacement of the large wheel 4 supporting the fork plate 1 with the rear small wheel 11 supporting the fork plate 1.

[0091] Example 7

[0092] like Figure 1-Figure 8 As shown, on the basis of Example 6, using the ground bull capable of changing wheels described in any one of the implementation modes of Examples 1-5, the wheel changing method thereof includes the following steps:

[0093] S1: The rear small wheel 11 supporting the fork plate 1 is replaced with a large wheel 4 supporting the fork plate 1, including steps S11 to S14;

[0094] S11: the lifting mechanism 2 drives the fork plate 1 to rise, and the support arm 12 with the rear small wheel 11 is unfolded until there is enough space under the fork plate 1 to install the large wheel 4; at this time, the rear small wheel 11 supports the fork plate 1.

[0095] S12: The driving wheel structure of the driving mechanism slides along the corresponding track 5 to the rear end of the fork plate 1, so that the large wheel 4 is assembled at the rear end of the fork plate 1, and the size of the large wheel 4 is larger than the small wheel.

[0096] S13: The locking mechanism locks the position of the large wheel 4 relative to the fork plate 1.

[0097] S14: retract the support arm 12 with the rear small wheel 11, and the fork plate 1 descends until the large wheel 4 supports the fork plate 1; after completion, the small wheel 11 supporting the fork plate 1 is replaced by the large wheel 4 supporting the fork plate 1.

[0098] It should be noted that step S13 and step S14 may be performed simultaneously, such as when the locking mechanism is the vertical section 53 of the track 5 .

[0099] S2: The large wheel 4 supporting the fork plate 1 is replaced by the rear small wheel 11 supporting the fork plate 1, including steps S21-S22;

[0100] S21: the lifting mechanism 2 drives the fork plate 1 to rise, and unfolds the support arm 12 with the rear small wheel 11 until there is no supporting force between the large wheel 4 and the fork plate 1 (the large wheel 4 follows the fork plate 1 to rise and leave the ground or only the fork plate 1 rises and is no longer located on the wheel structure); at this time, the rear small wheel 11 supports the fork plate 1;

[0101] S22: The driving wheel structure of the driving mechanism moves from the rear end of the track 5 to the front end, so as to retract the large wheel 4 from the rear end of the fork plate 1; the large wheel 4 supporting the fork plate 1 is replaced by the rear small wheel 11 supporting the fork plate 1.

[0102] The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned specific implementation modes, but extends to any new features or any new combination disclosed in this specification, as well as any new method or process steps or any new combination disclosed.

Claims

1. A wheel-changing tractor or forklift, the tractor or forklift comprising a plurality of fork plates (1) and a front wheel (3) at the front end, a lifting mechanism (2) being fixed to a wheel frame (31) of the front wheel (3), the lifting mechanism (2) being connected to the fork plates (1) to drive the fork plates (1) to rise and fall; the rear end of each fork plate (1) comprising a support arm (12) capable of being folded and unfolded, the support arm (12) being equipped with a rear small wheel (11); the support arm (12) being connected to the fork plates (1) via a linkage mechanism; when the fork plates (1) are raised, the support arm (12) unfolds to support the fork plates (1); when the fork plates (1) are lowered, the support arm (12) is folded toward the fork plates (1); the characteristics are as follows: The rear end of the fork plate is removably equipped with a wheel structure, the wheel structure having a large wheel, the size of the large wheel is larger than the rear small wheel; When the fork plate is raised and in a high position, the wheel structure is assembled at the rear end of the fork plate; When the fork plate is lowered and in a low position, the wheel structure is not assembled on the rear end of the fork plate.

2. The ground bull or forklift according to claim 1, characterized in that: A slide rail group is mounted on each fork plate (1), the slide rail group having a plurality of mutually parallel rails (5), all rails (5) in the same slide rail group are slidably connected to the same wheel structure, and the wheel structure can be locked when it is located at the rear end of the fork plate (1).

3. The ground bull or forklift according to claim 2, characterized in that: The wheel structure further comprises a wheel seat (41), to which a large wheel (4) capable of rotating about its own axis is connected; sliding pins (42) are fixed on both sides of the wheel seat (41), and the sliding pins (42) are slidably connected to the track (5).

4. The ground bull or forklift according to claim 2, characterized in that: The rear end of the track (5) or the rear end of the fork plate (1) has a locking mechanism for locking the wheel structure at the rear end of the track (5).

5. The ground bull or forklift according to claim 2, characterized in that: The track (5) has only one section, and the front end of the track (5) is not closed; or the track (5) has two sections, one of which is a horizontal section (51) for mounting on the fork plate (1), and the other is an inclined section (52) capable of extending out of the fork plate (1), and the inclined section (52) is inclined upward; the rear end of the horizontal section (51) is close to the rear end of the fork plate (1), and the front end of the horizontal section (51) is fixedly connected to the lower end of the inclined section (52).

6. The ground bull or forklift according to claim 5, characterized in that: It also includes a driving mechanism for driving the wheel structure to slide along the track (5), the driving mechanism can be installed on a tractor or a forklift, and the output end of the driving mechanism is connected to the wheel structure.

7. The ground bull or forklift according to claim 6, characterized in that: The driving mechanism is a multi-section telescopic arm (6), and the movement range of the wheel structure is within the telescopic range of the multi-section telescopic arm (6); the fixed end of the multi-section telescopic arm (6) is hinged to the front end of the ground tractor or the forklift so that the multi-section telescopic arm (6) can rotate in a vertical plane, and the movable end of the multi-section telescopic arm (6) is hingedly connected to the wheel structure; or the fixed end of the multi-section telescopic arm (6) is fixed to the front end of the ground tractor or the forklift, and the movable end of the multi-section telescopic arm (6) is fixedly connected to the wheel structure; or the driving mechanism includes a rotating machine (7), a traction rope (72) and a plurality of fixed pulleys (73), The fixed pulley (73) can be fixed on the fork plate (1) or the track (5), the two ends of the traction rope (72) pass around the fixed pulley (73) and are fixedly connected to the wheel seat (41), and the middle part of the traction rope (72) is wound around the output shaft of the rotating machine (7); or the driving mechanism includes a rotating machine (7), a chain and a plurality of driven gears, the driven gears can be assembled on the fork plate (1) or the track (5), the two ends of the rack pass around the driven gears and are fixedly connected to the wheel seat (41), and the middle part of the rack meshes with the driving gear on the output shaft of the rotating machine (7).

8. The ground bull or forklift according to claim 7, characterized in that: The locking mechanism is a flat abutment plane (411) on the wheel structure, and when the wheel structure is located at the rear end of the track (5), the abutment plane (411) abuts against the top of the track (5) or the top of the fork plate (1); or the locking mechanism is a vertical section (53) of the track (5), and the length direction of the vertical section (53) is perpendicular to the horizontal section (51).

9. The ground bull or forklift according to claim 5, characterized in that: The rear end of the track (5) is provided with an in-position indicator, which is used to detect whether the wheel structure has reached the rear end of the track (5).

10. The ground bull or forklift according to any one of claims 6 to 9, characterized in that: The wheel structures respectively mounted on the plurality of fork plates (1) are connected to the same driving mechanism.

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