Four-shaft brake tailstock

Abstract

The utility model relates to a four-shaft brake tailstock which comprises a shell, a rotating shaft is arranged in the shell, an index plate is fixed to the front end of the rotating shaft, the rotating shaft is further sleeved with a positioning ring, the rotating shaft is further sleeved with a rear end cover, a cavity is formed among the shell, the positioning ring and the rear end cover, an inlet is formed in the shell, and an outlet is formed in the shell. A brake piston is further arranged in the cavity, the outer side face of the brake piston in the radial direction abuts against the shell, hydraulic pressure or air pressure in the cavity is increased to drive the brake piston to move towards the side close to the index plate, and a brake pad is arranged between the brake piston and the positioning ring. A spring piece used for driving the brake piston to reset is further arranged between the brake piston and the shell. The four-axis brake tailstock has the advantages that the brake piston is driven to reset in time, friction between the brake piston and the brake pad is reduced, and the service life of the four-axis brake tailstock is prolonged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of machining centers, and in particular to a four-axis brake tailstock. Background Art

[0002] The machining center is a high-efficiency, high-precision CNC machine tool. The machining center includes the horizontal X-axis and Y-axis, the vertical Z-axis, and the A-axis that rotates around the X-axis. The combination of these axes enables the four-axis machining center to perform more complex geometric shapes and multi-faceted machining, significantly improving production efficiency and machining accuracy. The brake tailstock is an auxiliary device of the machining center, which is usually used to fix the workpiece and provide additional support and stability during machining. The position of the rotating axis A axis can also be locked through the brake system to ensure the accuracy and safety of the machining center.

[0003] In the related art, the disc brake tailstock is generally used in conjunction with a dividing turntable, and generally includes a housing, a turntable, and a rotating shaft connecting the housing and the turntable. The rotating shaft and the turntable are relatively fixed, and the rotating shaft is relatively fixed to the housing through a sleeve bearing. An oil chamber is also provided in the housing, and a brake piston is provided in the oil chamber. The brake piston is sleeved on the rotating shaft, and an injection port for injecting hydraulic oil is connected to the oil chamber. During use, the staff controls the hydraulic oil pressure in the oil chamber to make the brake piston press against the housing, thereby achieving rapid braking of the rotating shaft.

[0004] With regard to the above-mentioned related technologies, when the parts need to be rotated again after braking, the brake piston cannot be quickly reset. When the shaft continues to rotate, the brake piston will continue to rub against the housing, which may easily cause wear of the brake piston or the housing. The heat generated by friction will damage the shaft. Excessive temperature will also cause braking to slow down, which may affect the service life of the brake tail seat. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to reduce the continuous wear of the brake piston and the housing and extend the service life of the brake tail stock, the present application provides a four-axis brake tail stock.

[0006] The four-axis brake tailstock provided in this application adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] A four-axis brake tailstock comprises a shell, a rotating shaft is arranged in the shell, a dividing plate is fixed at the front end of the rotating shaft, the rotating shaft is rotatably connected with the shell, a positioning ring is also sleeved on the rotating shaft, the positioning ring is located between the shell and the dividing plate, the positioning ring is fixedly connected to the shell, and a rear end cover is also sleeved on the rotating shaft, a cavity is formed between the shell, the positioning ring and the rear end cover, an inlet is formed on the shell for fluid to pass into the cavity, a brake piston is also arranged in the cavity, the brake piston is sleeved on the rotating shaft and slidingly cooperates with the rotating shaft along its own axial direction, the outer side surface of the brake piston in the radial direction is pressed against the shell, and the hydraulic or air pressure in the cavity increases to drive the brake piston to move toward the side close to the dividing plate, a brake pad is arranged between the brake piston and the positioning ring, the brake pad is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft, and a spring sheet for driving the brake piston to reset is also arranged between the brake piston and the shell.

[0008] By adopting the above technical solution, before the processing operation, the staff will install the fixture between the indexing turntable and the four-axis brake tailstock. The drive device in the machining center drives the indexing turntable to rotate, thereby driving the fixture to rotate around the A axis and driving the workpiece to be processed to rotate. The fixture will drive the indexing plate and thus drive the rotating shaft to rotate. When the fixture needs to stop rotating, the drive device stops driving, and the indexing turntable will continue to rotate. The staff will pass gas or liquid into the cavity through the inlet, and the pressure in the cavity will gradually increase, thereby pushing the brake piston to rotate toward the side close to the positioning ring. When the brake piston is pressed against the brake pad, a large friction force will be generated between the brake piston and the brake pad, causing the brake piston to stop rotating, thereby stopping the rotating shaft, the indexing plate and the fixture from rotating. When the brake piston wants to move closer to the positioning ring, it drives the spring sheet to deform. When the braking action ends, the staff stops pressurizing the cavity, the spring sheet resets, and drives the brake piston to move to the side away from the positioning ring, so that the brake piston does not contact the brake pad. When the fixture rotates again, the brake piston will not rub against the brake pad to generate resistance. In this way, it helps to reduce unnecessary wear between the brake piston and the brake pad, thus helping to extend the service life of the quad brake tailstock.

[0009] Preferably, a spring sheet is also arranged between the brake piston and the housing, and the spring sheet is located on the side of the brake piston facing away from the brake sheet in the thickness direction, and a first fixing bolt and a second fixing bolt are arranged on the spring sheet, the first fixing bolt passes through the spring sheet and is fixed to the brake piston thread, and the second fixing bolt passes through the spring sheet and is fixed to the housing thread.

[0010] By adopting the above technical solution, the spring sheet is fixedly connected to the brake piston and the housing respectively. When the pressure in the cavity increases, the brake piston moves to the side close to the positioning ring, which will pull a part of the spring sheet to deform to one side. After the pressure in the cavity is no longer maintained, the spring sheet is reset, thereby driving the brake piston to move away from the positioning ring, so that the brake piston is away from the brake pad. In this way, it is convenient to fix the spring sheet, and it helps to reduce unnecessary wear between the brake piston and the brake pad.

[0011] Preferably, there are a plurality of the first fixing bolts arranged in a circumferential array around the spring sheet, and there are a plurality of the second fixing bolts arranged in a circumferential array around the spring sheet, and the plurality of the first fixing bolts and the plurality of the second fixing bolts are alternately arranged on the spring sheet.

[0012] By adopting the above technical solution, multiple first fixing bolts and second fixing bolts are used to help improve the connection strength between the spring sheet and the brake piston or the housing. At the same time, the spring sheet is deformed evenly at multiple locations around its own axis, thereby evenly generating pulling force to drive the brake piston to reset.

[0013] Preferably, a plane thrust ball bearing is sleeved on the rotating shaft, a tapered roller bearing is sleeved on the side of the plane thrust ball bearing facing away from the dividing plate, a side of the tapered roller bearing close to the plane thrust ball bearing is pressed against the housing, and the rear end cover is pressed against the side of the tapered roller bearing facing away from the plane thrust ball bearing.

[0014] By adopting the above technical solution, the plane thrust ball bearing can carry a large radial load, has high assembly accuracy, and has the ability to self-align, thereby reducing the precision adjustment during installation and reducing installation costs. The tapered roller bearing is installed from the rear side, which makes it convenient for the staff to control the locking degree between the tapered roller bearing and the housing and the rear end cover, thereby helping to ensure the stable rotation of the shaft in the housing.

[0015] Preferably, a separation groove is provided on the brake pad, and the separation groove penetrates the brake pad along the thickness direction of the brake pad, and a plurality of the separation grooves are arranged in a row around the circumference of the brake pad.

[0016] By adopting the above technical solution, the separation groove can provide additional space at high temperature, allowing the brake pad to have greater freedom during thermal expansion, which helps to reduce deformation and cracking of the brake pad during thermal expansion, thereby extending the service life of the brake pad and further extending the service life of the entire brake tailstock.

[0017] Preferably, pads are provided on both sides of the brake pad in the thickness direction, and a locking bolt is provided on the brake pad. The locking bolt passes through the two pads along the thickness direction of the brake pad and is threadedly fixed to the rotating shaft.

[0018] By adopting the above technical solution, the relative distance between the brake pad and the brake piston can be adjusted by changing the thickness of each of the two pads, so that the braking speed can be controlled. At the same time, the pad helps to reduce the impact of overheating of the brake pad on the shaft, thereby extending the service life of the shaft.

[0019] Preferably, a first sealing cover is provided between the positioning ring and the rotating shaft, and a second sealing cover is provided between the rear end cover and the housing.

[0020] By adopting the above technical solution, the first sealing cover and the second sealing cover help to reduce the possibility of fluid overflowing the cavity, and further enhance the sealing performance.

[0021] Preferably, a sealing ring is embedded in the middle of the brake piston in the thickness direction, and the sealing ring is pressed between the outer side surface of the brake piston in the radial direction and the inner side surface of the housing.

[0022] By adopting the above technical solution, the sealing ring helps to reduce the possibility of fluid overflowing from the gap between the brake piston and the housing, ensuring that when the pressure in the cavity increases, the brake piston moves to the side close to the positioning ring.

[0023] In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

[0024] 1. When braking, the brake piston is pressed against the brake pad. After braking, the spring sheet drives the brake piston to reset, so that the next time the indexing turntable or fixture drives the indexing plate to rotate, the brake piston and the brake pad will not contact, which helps to reduce unnecessary wear between the brake piston and the brake pad, and further helps to extend the service life of the brake tailstock;

[0025] 2. The shaft and housing are connected by plane thrust ball bearings and tapered roller bearings, which can effectively bear large radial loads, ensure the stability and reliability of the shaft, and facilitate installation by workers, reducing installation costs;

[0026] 3. The first sealing cover, the second sealing cover and the sealing ring can effectively prevent fluid leakage, thereby ensuring the braking efficiency and safety of the brake tailstock. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 This is an axonometric diagram of the overall structure of the four-axis brake tailstock, which is mainly reflected in the embodiment of the present application;

[0028] Figure 2 It is a half-section view of the internal structure of the four-axis brake tailstock mainly embodied in the embodiment of the present application;

[0029] Figure 3 It is an exploded schematic diagram of the structure of the four-axis brake tailstock part of the embodiment of the present application;

[0030] Figure 4 It is an exploded schematic diagram of the structure of the four-axis brake tailstock part of the embodiment of the present application.

[0031] Figure numerals: 1. Shell; 11. Inlet; 12. Cavity; 2. Rotating shaft; 21. Positioning ring; 211. First sealing cover; 22. Limit block; 23. Rear end cover; 231. Second sealing cover; 3. Indexing plate; 4. Brake pad; 41. Partition groove; 42. Pad; 43. Locking bolt; 5. Brake piston; 51. Sealing ring; 6. Spring sheet; 61. First fixing bolt; 62. Second fixing bolt; 7. Plane thrust ball bearing; 8. Tapered roller bearing; 9. Lifting ring. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The following is combined with Figure 1-4 This application is described in further detail.

[0033] The embodiment of the present application discloses a four-axis brake tailstock.

[0034] See also Figure 1 and Figure 2 The four-axis brake tailstock includes a housing 1, in which a rotating shaft 2 is arranged horizontally, and the rotating shaft 2 is rotatably connected to the housing 1 through a bearing. A dividing plate 3 is coaxially fixed to one end of the rotating shaft 2, and a rear end cover 23 is coaxially sleeved on the other end of the rotating shaft 2. Before processing, the staff fixes the housing 1 on the processing platform of the machining center so that the dividing plate 3 is located on the side close to the dividing turntable, and fixes the fixture and the workpiece to be processed fixed on the fixture between the dividing turntable and the dividing plate 3. During processing, the dividing turntable will drive the fixture, the workpiece to be processed, and the dividing plate 3 and the rotating shaft 2 on the surrounding brake tailstock to rotate around the A axis.

[0035] See also Figure 1-Figure 4 The rotating shaft 2 is also coaxially sleeved with a positioning ring 21, which is located on the side of the indexing plate 3 close to the rear end cover 23, and is fixed to the housing 1 by bolts. The positioning ring 21 is also provided with a first sealing cover 211, which is coaxially arranged with the rotating shaft 2 and is located between the indexing plate 3 and the positioning ring 21. The inner side of the first sealing cover 211 is pressed against the outer side of the rotating shaft 2, and the outer side of the first sealing cover 211 is pressed against the positioning ring 21.

[0036] A brake pad 4 is provided on one side of the positioning ring 21 close to the rear end cover 23, and the brake pad 4 is coaxially sleeved on the rotating shaft 2. A separation groove 41 is provided on the brake pad 4, and the separation groove 41 penetrates the brake pad 4 along the thickness direction of the brake pad 4, and there are multiple separation grooves 41 arranged in a circumferential array around the axis direction of the brake pad 4. The separation groove 41 can provide additional space at high temperatures, allowing the brake pad 4 to have greater freedom during thermal expansion, which helps to reduce deformation and cracking of the brake pad 4 during thermal expansion, thereby extending the service life of the brake pad 4.

[0037] Pads 42 are provided on both sides of the brake pad 4 in the thickness direction, and the two pads 42 and the brake pad 4 are fixed to the rotating shaft 2 by the same set of locking bolts 43. There are multiple locking bolts 43 arranged in a circular array around the axis direction of the brake pad 4 to form a group.

[0038] The rotating shaft 2 is also provided with a brake piston 5 coaxially sleeved thereon. The brake piston 5 is located on the side of the brake pad 4 close to the rear end cover 23. The brake piston 5 and the rotating shaft 2 slide and cooperate along the axis direction thereof. A spring sheet 6 is also provided on the side of the brake piston 5 close to the rear end cover 23. The spring sheet 6 is coaxially sleeved thereon on the rotating shaft 2. A first fixing bolt 61 is provided on the spring sheet 6. The first fixing bolt 61 penetrates the spring sheet 6 and is threadedly fixed to the brake piston 5. A second fixing bolt 62 is also provided on the spring sheet 6. The second fixing bolt 62 penetrates the spring sheet 6 and is threadedly fixed to the housing 1. A plurality of first fixing bolts 61 and second fixing bolts 62 are respectively arranged evenly around the axis of the rotating shaft 2. The plurality of first fixing bolts 61 and second fixing bolts 62 are arranged at staggered intervals.

[0039] The bearings include a plane thrust ball bearing 7 and a tapered roller bearing 8. The plane thrust ball bearing 7 and the tapered roller bearing 8 are both located between the positioning ring 21 and the rear end cover 23. The tapered roller bearing 8 is located on the side of the plane thrust ball bearing 7 away from the positioning ring 21. The plane thrust ball bearing 7 and the tapered roller bearing 8 are arranged at intervals. The plane thrust ball bearing 7 can carry a large radial load, has high assembly accuracy, and has the ability to self-align, thereby reducing the precise adjustment during installation and reducing the installation cost. The tapered roller bearing 8 is installed from the rear side, which is convenient for the staff to control the locking degree between the tapered roller bearing 8 and the housing 1 and the rear end cover 23, thereby helping to ensure that the shaft 2 rotates stably in the housing 1.

[0040] A cavity 12 is formed between the housing 1, the positioning ring 21 and the rear end cover 23. The housing 1 is also provided with an inlet 11, which penetrates the side wall of the housing 1, and the side port is located between the plane thrust ball bearing 7 and the tapered roller bearing 8. The brake pad 4, the brake piston 5, the spring sheet 6, the plane thrust ball bearing 7 and the tapered roller bearing 8 are all located in the cavity 12. When braking is required, the driving device driving the indexing turntable stops rotating, and the staff introduces hydraulic oil or compressed air into the cavity 12 through the inlet 11 to increase the pressure in the cavity 12. The increased pressure will push the brake piston 5 to move to the side close to the positioning ring 21, and the brake piston 5 will be pressed against the brake pad 4. A large friction force will be generated between the brake piston 5 and the brake pad 4, so that the rotating shaft 2 stops rotating. The rotating shaft 2 drives the indexing plate 3, thereby driving the fixture, and the workpiece set on the fixture and the indexing turntable stop rotating. When the brake is finished, the staff stops introducing the fluid into the cavity 12, the pressure in the cavity 12 stops being maintained, and the spring sheet 6 is reset, thereby driving the brake piston 5 to move to the side away from the brake pad 4, thereby avoiding the contact between the brake piston 5 and the brake pad 4. When the staff manually rotates the indexing turntable, fixture, workpiece or indexing plate 3, the brake piston 5 and the brake pad 4 will not rub against each other to generate resistance. In this way, it is convenient for the staff to operate, and it helps to reduce unnecessary wear between the brake piston 5 and the brake pad 4, thereby helping to increase the service life of the brake tailstock around.

[0041] A limit block 22 is also sleeved on the rotating shaft 2, and the limit block 22 is located between the tapered roller bearing 8 and the rear end cover 23, and the limit block 22 and the rear end cover 23 are fixedly connected by bolts. The staff can adjust the relative position of the tapered roller bearing 8 on the rotating shaft 2 and the housing 1 through the limit block 22, thereby adjusting the locking degree of the tapered roller bearing 8 to ensure that the rotating shaft 2 rotates smoothly in the housing 1.

[0042] A sealing ring 51 is embedded in the middle of the brake piston 5 in the thickness direction, and the sealing ring 51 is respectively pressed against the outer side surface of the brake piston 5 and the inner side surface of the housing 1. The sealing ring 51 helps to reduce the possibility of fluid overflowing from the gap between the brake piston 5 and the housing 1, ensuring that when the pressure in the cavity 12 increases, the brake piston 5 moves to the side close to the positioning ring 21. A second sealing cover 231 is also sleeved on the rear end cover 23, and the inner side surface of the second sealing cover 231 is pressed against the outer side surface of the rear end cover 23, and the outer side surface of the second sealing cover 231 is pressed against the inner side wall of the housing 1. The first sealing cover 211 and the second sealing cover 231 help to reduce the possibility of fluid overflowing from the cavity 12, and further enhance the sealing performance.

[0043] The housing 1 is also provided with a lifting ring 9, which is vertically penetrated in the housing 1 and threadedly connected with the housing 1. The lifting ring 9 facilitates the staff to install the four-axis brake tailstock on the operating table of the machining center.

[0044] The implementation principle of a four-axis brake tailstock in an embodiment of the present application is as follows: before the processing operation, the staff fixes the fixture and the workpiece to be processed between the dividing table and the dividing plate 3. During the processing, the dividing table drives the fixture and the workpiece to rotate around the A axis, and at the same time drives the dividing plate 3 and the rotating shaft 2 to rotate. When it is necessary to stop the rotation, the drive device first stops driving, but the dividing table, the fixture, the workpiece, the dividing plate 3 and the rotating shaft 2 will continue to rotate. At this time, the staff introduces fluid into the cavity 12 in the shell 1 through the inlet 11 to increase the pressure in the cavity 12. As the pressure increases, the brake piston 5 moves to the side close to the positioning ring 21 and presses against the brake pad 4. A large friction force will be generated between the brake piston 5 and the brake pad 4, which will stop the rotating shaft 2, the dividing plate 3, the fixture and the workpiece from rotating.

[0045] When the braking is finished, the staff stops introducing the fluid into the cavity 12, and the pressure in the cavity 12 decreases. The spring sheet 6 is reset, driving the brake piston 5 to move away from the brake pad 4, avoiding the brake piston 5 from continuing to contact the brake pad 4, thereby reducing friction and wear. This allows the staff to manually rotate the indexing turntable, fixture, workpiece or indexing plate 3 without friction resistance between the brake piston 5 and the brake pad 4. By reducing unnecessary friction between the brake pad 4 and the brake piston 5, it helps to extend the service life of the four-axis brake tailstock.

[0046] The above are all preferred embodiments of the present application, and the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Therefore, any equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape, and principle of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A four-axis brake tailstock, characterized in that: The invention comprises a housing (1), wherein a rotating shaft (2) is arranged inside the housing (1), a dividing plate (3) is fixed at the front end of the rotating shaft (2), the rotating shaft (2) is rotatably connected to the housing (1), a positioning ring (21) is sleeved on the rotating shaft (2), the positioning ring (21) is located between the housing (1) and the dividing plate (3), the positioning ring (21) is fixedly connected to the housing (1), and a rear end cover (23) is sleeved on the rotating shaft (2), a cavity (12) is formed between the housing (1), the positioning ring (21) and the rear end cover (23), and an inlet (11) for a fluid to be introduced into the cavity (12) is formed on the housing (1), and the rotating shaft (2) is provided with a plurality of locating rings (21) disposed between the housing (1) and the dividing plate (3). A brake piston (5) is also provided in the cavity (12). The brake piston (5) is sleeved on the rotating shaft (2) and slides with the rotating shaft (2) along its own axial direction. The outer surface of the brake piston (5) in the radial direction is pressed against the housing (1). The hydraulic pressure or air pressure in the cavity (12) increases, driving the brake piston (5) to move toward the side close to the dividing plate (3). A brake pad (4) is provided between the brake piston (5) and the positioning ring (21). The brake pad (4) is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft (2). A spring sheet (6) for driving the brake piston (5) to return to its original position is also provided between the brake piston (5) and the housing (1).

2. A four-axis brake tailstock according to claim 1, characterized in that: A spring sheet (6) is further provided between the brake piston (5) and the housing (1). The spring sheet (6) is located on a side of the brake piston (5) that is away from the brake sheet (4) in the thickness direction. A first fixing bolt (61) and a second fixing bolt (62) are provided on the spring sheet (6). The first fixing bolt (61) passes through the spring sheet (6) and is threadedly fixed to the brake piston (5), and the second fixing bolt (62) passes through the spring sheet (6) and is threadedly fixed to the housing (1).

3. A four-axis brake tailstock according to claim 2, characterized in that: A plurality of the first fixing bolts (61) are arranged in a circular array around the spring sheet (6), and a plurality of the second fixing bolts (62) are arranged in a circular array around the spring sheet (6). The plurality of the first fixing bolts (61) and the plurality of the second fixing bolts (62) are arranged alternately on the spring sheet (6).

4. A four-axis brake tailstock according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plane thrust ball bearing (7) is sleeved on the rotating shaft (2); a tapered roller bearing (8) is sleeved on the side of the plane thrust ball bearing (7) facing away from the indexing plate (3); a side of the tapered roller bearing (8) close to the plane thrust ball bearing (7) is pressed against the housing (1); and the rear end cover (23) is pressed against a side of the tapered roller bearing (8) facing away from the plane thrust ball bearing (7).

5. The four-axis brake tailstock according to claim 1, characterized in that: The brake pad (4) is provided with a separation groove (41), the separation groove (41) penetrates the brake pad (4) along the thickness direction of the brake pad (4), and a plurality of the separation grooves (41) are arranged in a row around the circumference of the brake pad (4).

6. A four-axis brake tailstock according to claim 5, characterized in that: Pads (42) are provided on both sides of the brake pad (4) in the thickness direction. A locking bolt (43) is provided on the brake pad (4). The locking bolt (43) passes through the two pads (42) in the thickness direction of the brake pad (4) and is threadedly fixed to the rotating shaft (2).

7. The four-axis brake tailstock according to claim 1, characterized in that: A first sealing cover (211) is provided between the positioning ring (21) and the rotating shaft (2), and a second sealing cover (231) is provided between the rear end cover (23) and the housing (1).

8. The four-axis brake tailstock according to claim 1, characterized in that: A sealing ring (51) is embedded in the middle of the brake piston (5) in the thickness direction, and the sealing ring (51) is pressed tightly between the outer side surface of the brake piston (5) in the radial direction and the inner side surface of the housing (1).

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