Passive pressure relief device and reactor pressure relief safety system

Abstract

The utility model provides a passive pressure relief device and a reactor pressure relief safety system. The passive pressure relief device comprises a water tank, a rupture disk safety device, a pipeline, a spray header and a water replenishing device. The water tank is arranged at the upper part of the reactor cavity, contains a certain amount of normal-temperature water, and can effectively isolate radiation when the reactor operates normally; the rupture disk safety device is arranged at the bottom of the water tank, and the pipeline is connected to the bottom of the water tank and sealed through the rupture disk safety device. The spray header is positioned at the top of the reactor cavity and is arranged on the pipeline; when the high-energy pipeline in the reactor cavity is broken, the temperature and the pressure in the cavity rapidly rise, the rupture disk acts immediately, water in the water tank flows out through the pipeline and is sprayed into the reactor through the spray header for cooling and pressure reduction, the water is supplemented into the water tank through the water supplementing device in the pressure relief process, and when the water in the water tank is dried, the reactor cavity is communicated with the large space of the containment vessel. And pressure relief is continuously realized through the large space of the containment and related devices.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model belongs to the field of nuclear power plant system equipment and safety, and particularly relates to a passive pressure relief device and a reactor pressure relief safety system. Background Art

[0002] The free volume of the reactor cavity in the containment of a nuclear power plant (the net volume after deducting equipment from the room volume) is very limited, and there are a large number of high-energy pipelines in the cavity. Under normal operating conditions, the temperature in the high-energy pipelines is greater than 100°C and the pressure is greater than 2 MPa. If some high-energy pipelines in the cavity rupture, the temperature and pressure in the room where the rupture location is located will rise rapidly. The high temperature and high pressure may threaten the safety of the wall, and further may threaten the safety of the pressure vessel in the cavity; when the break size is very large, the huge pressure difference between the walls may cause the partition wall to collapse, and further damage the pressure vessel in the cavity. Therefore, it is necessary to design a pressure relief path for the room with high-energy pipelines.

[0003] In addition, due to the requirements of radiation protection, no holes can be opened in the upper part of the cavity. Cooling and pressure reduction are mostly carried out through the reactor cavity water injection system. The existing reactor cavity water injection systems mostly set up multiple flow channels between the reactor cavity and the large space of the containment, and realize reactor cavity water injection through a high-level water tank and the control of corresponding pipelines and valves. Since the cross-sectional area of the pressure relief path is small, when a high-energy pipeline rupture accident occurs in the cavity, the pressure will quickly rise to a relatively high level, threatening the safety of the cavity. Therefore, higher requirements are put forward for the design of the cavity wall, reducing the economic efficiency of the nuclear power plant. During the normal operation of the reactor, some rays in the pressure vessel may also leak into the large space of the containment through the pressure relief path, which may threaten the personal safety of the power plant operators. In addition, the structure of the pressure relief pipeline is complex, occupying too much space, reducing the free volume of the containment, and having a high economic cost. Therefore, it is necessary to design a pressure relief device and a reactor pressure relief safety system that are highly efficient, reliable, simple in structure, and low in cost, which can significantly improve the safety of nuclear power plants. Summary of the Utility Model

[0004] In view of the above disadvantages of the prior art, the purpose of the present utility model is to provide a passive pressure relief device and a reactor pressure relief safety system, which can effectively shield radiation during the normal operation of the reactor cavity, and can quickly reduce the peak pressure and temperature of the cavity when a high-energy pipeline rupture accident occurs in the reactor cavity, achieve a good pressure relief effect, prevent over-temperature and over-pressure inside the compartment in the nuclear power plant, improve the safety of the compartment in the nuclear power plant; high reliability, simple in structure, and low in cost, which can not only be applied to newly built nuclear power plants, but also be suitable for the transformation of existing equipment in nuclear power plants, can significantly improve the safety of nuclear power plants, reduce the requirements for the civil design of the cavity, and improve the economic efficiency of the power plant.

[0005] To achieve the above and other related objectives, the present utility model provides a passive pressure relief device, which comprises:

[0006] A water tank, arranged at the top of the reactor cavity;

[0007] A drain device, arranged at the bottom of the water tank;

[0008] A rupture disc safety device, arranged at the bottom of the water tank and connected to the drain device. After the rupture disc safety device bursts, the water tank is communicated with the drain device to spray water into the reactor cavity.

[0009] According to an embodiment of the present utility model, the passive pressure relief device further comprises a drain device, which comprises:

[0010] A pipeline, arranged at the bottom of the water tank;

[0011] A spray head, arranged at the top of the reactor cavity and inside the reactor cavity, and the spray head is connected to the pipeline.

[0012] According to an embodiment of the present utility model, the rupture disc safety device comprises a rupture disc, which is arranged at the connection between the pipeline and the water tank and seals it.

[0013] According to an embodiment of the present utility model, the passive pressure relief device comprises a plurality of the spray heads, and the plurality of spray heads are uniformly arranged at the top of the reactor cavity.

[0014] According to an embodiment of the present utility model, the pipeline comprises a plurality of sub-pipelines, at least one spray head is arranged on each sub-pipeline, each sub-pipeline is connected to the water tank, and the rupture disc safety device is arranged at the connection between the sub-pipeline and the water tank.

[0015] According to an embodiment of the present utility model, a plurality of water inlets are arranged between the pipeline and the water tank, and the rupture disc safety device is arranged at each water inlet.

[0016] According to an embodiment of the present utility model, the top of the water tank is an open structure or is provided with a plurality of through holes.

[0017] According to an embodiment of the present utility model, the passive pressure relief device further comprises a water replenishing device, and the water replenishing device is connected to the water tank to inject water into the water tank for replenishment.

[0018] The present utility model also provides a reactor pressure relief safety system, which comprises:

[0019] A containment vessel, inside which a reactor is arranged;

[0020] The reactor is disposed within the containment vessel and includes a reactor cavity, within which there are a pressure vessel and a plurality of high-energy pipelines.

[0021] The passive pressure relief device is disposed at the top of the reactor cavity and includes:

[0022] A water tank is disposed at the top of the reactor cavity;

[0023] A drain device is disposed at the bottom of the water tank;

[0024] A rupture disk safety device is disposed at the bottom of the water tank and is connected to the drain device. After the rupture disk safety device bursts, the water tank communicates with the drain device to spray water into the reactor cavity.

[0025] According to an embodiment of the present utility model, the top of the water tank is an open structure or is provided with a plurality of through holes, and the water tank communicates with the upper large space of the containment vessel through the opening or the through holes.

[0026] The passive pressure relief device and the reactor pressure relief safety system of the present utility model can quickly act to achieve cooling and pressure relief when the pressure suddenly rises due to the rupture of high-energy pipelines in the reactor cavity by arranging a water tank at the top of the reactor cavity and a rupture disk at the bottom of the water tank. A better pressure relief effect is achieved by connecting the water tank and the spray head through pipelines. After the water in the water tank runs dry, the reactor cavity communicates with the large space of the containment vessel to continue to achieve a better pressure relief effect; the whole device has a simple structure, does not require an additional power source, is efficient, reliable and low-cost, and has high economic and environmental benefits; in addition, the water in the water tank can play a radiation shielding role during the normal operation of the reactor, effectively reducing the radiation dose in the compartments within the containment vessel, ensuring that other compartments are not affected by the cavity radiation, reducing the risk for power plant operators, and significantly improving the safety of nuclear power plants. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present utility model, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for describing the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present utility model. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0028] Figure 1 FIG. is a schematic structural diagram of a passive pressure relief device provided by an embodiment of the present utility model.

[0029] Reference numeral description:

[0030] 100, Water tank; 200, Rupture disc safety device; 300, Drainage device; 400, Make-up water device; 500, Reactor cavity; 600, Pressure vessel;

[0031] 310, Pipe; 320, Sprinkler head;

[0032] 1, Containment; 2, Reactor; 3, Passive pressure relief device. Specific embodiments

[0033] The following uses specific examples to illustrate the embodiments of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can easily understand the other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments. Various details in this specification can also be modified or changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

[0034] It should be noted that the diagrams provided in this embodiment only illustrate the basic concept of the present invention in a schematic manner. Therefore, only the components related to the present invention are shown in the diagrams, rather than being drawn according to the number, shape, and size of the components in actual implementation. The type, quantity, and ratio of each component in actual implementation can be arbitrarily changed, and the layout type of its components may also be more complex.

[0035] The reactor cavity is a room for placing the pressure vessel. There are many high-energy pipes in the cavity connected to the pressure vessel. When a high-energy pipe rupture accident occurs in the reactor cavity, the temperature and pressure in the cavity will rise rapidly. To prevent the collapse of the partition wall due to the huge pressure difference generated between the walls during the accident when the pressure suddenly rises, damaging the pressure vessel, it is necessary to design a pressure relief path to quickly reduce the pressure in the cavity during the accident. The existing reactor cavity water injection system relieves pressure through a high-level water tank, pipes, and control valves, and cannot quickly and timely reduce the pressure during the accident, which has high requirements for the construction of the partition wall. Moreover, due to its complex structure and large space occupation, it will also reduce the free volume of the containment and the economic cost is relatively high. Therefore, it is necessary to design a simple, efficient, and safe pressure relief device to effectively improve the safety of nuclear power plants and reduce the economic cost.

[0036] Please refer to Figure 1, the present utility model provides a passive pressure relief device, including a water tank 100, a rupture disk safety device 200, a drain device 300, and a water replenishing device 400. The water tank 100 is arranged at the top of the reactor cavity 500 and is used for storing normal temperature water. When the reactor is operating normally, the water in the water tank 100 can play a role in shielding radiation. When a high-energy pipeline ruptures and the temperature and pressure in the cavity suddenly rise, the water in the water tank 100 can quickly enter the reactor cavity 500 under the action of gravity to achieve cooling and pressure reduction; the drain device 300 is arranged at the bottom of the water tank 100, and the water in the water tank 100 flows into the reactor cavity 500 through the drain device 300. The inflow of water is controlled through the drain device 300 to achieve a better pressure relief effect; the rupture disk safety device 200 is arranged at the bottom of the water tank 100 and is connected to the drain device 300. After the rupture disk safety device 200 bursts, the water tank 100 is communicated with the drain device 300 to spray water into the reactor cavity 500; the water replenishing device 400 is connected to the water tank 100 to inject water and replenish water into the water tank 100.

[0037] Please refer to Figure 1 , when the reactor is operating normally, the pipeline is sealed by the rupture disk safety device 200 at the bottom of the water tank 100 and radiation shielding is carried out by the water in the water tank 100 to prevent other compartments from being affected by radiation; when a high-energy pipeline ruptures, the temperature and pressure in the cavity will rise rapidly. When the pressure difference on both sides of the rupture disk safety device 200 reaches a predetermined value, the rupture disk will act immediately. After the rupture disk ruptures or falls off, the water tank 100 is communicated with the drain device 300 through the installation opening of the rupture disk safety device 200. The water in the water tank 100 enters the cavity through the drain device 300 under the action of gravity, cools the high-temperature steam in the cavity, quickly reduces the peak pressure and temperature in the cavity, and prevents the wall from collapsing due to the excessive pressure difference between compartments caused by the sudden pressure rise during an accident, damaging the pressure vessel 600; when the water in the water tank 100 runs out, the steam in the cavity can be communicated with the containment large space through the rupture disk safety device 200 and the water tank 100 to achieve a better pressure relief effect, and the accident is further alleviated through the cooling device and the residual heat removal system in the containment, etc.

[0038] Please refer to Figure 1, according to an embodiment provided by the present utility model, the water tank 100 is arranged at the top of the reactor cavity 500, and a certain amount of normal temperature water is filled inside the water tank 100. Water is a good neutron absorber, which can play a role in radiation shielding, effectively ensuring that radioactive rays do not escape to the large space of the containment and other compartments, and ensuring the safety during the normal operation of the reactor. When a high-energy pipe rupture occurs in the reactor, the temperature and pressure in the cavity rise rapidly. After the rupture disc safety device 200 at the bottom of the water tank 100 reaches the bursting pressure, it bursts immediately. After the rupture disc ruptures, the water tank 100 is connected to the inside of the cavity through the drain device 300. Since the water tank 100 is located at the top of the cavity, the water inside it enters the cavity through the drain device 300 under the action of gravity, cooling the high-temperature steam in the cavity, and quickly reducing the peak pressure and temperature in the cavity.

[0039] Please refer to Figure 1 , according to an embodiment provided by the present utility model, the top of the water tank 100 is an open structure or is provided with a plurality of through holes. When the reactor is operating normally, there is a certain amount of water in the water tank 100, which can effectively isolate radiation and will not cause radiation impact on other spaces; when a high-energy pipe break occurs, the water in the water tank 100 is injected into the reactor cavity 500 under the action of gravity to cool the high-temperature steam, quickly achieving preliminary pressure reduction. And when the water injection is completed, the internal space of the reactor cavity 500 is connected to the external large space through the opening or through holes at the top of the water tank 100, and a good pressure relief effect can be achieved.

[0040] Please refer to Figure 1 , according to an embodiment provided by the present utility model, the drain device 300 includes a pipe 310 and a spray head 320. The pipe 310 is arranged at the bottom of the water tank 100, and the connection part with the water tank 100 is sealed by the rupture disc safety device 200; the spray head 320 is arranged at the top of the reactor cavity 500 and is located inside the reactor cavity 500, and the spray head 320 is connected to the pipe 310. When the temperature and pressure in the cavity rise due to a high-energy pipe rupture, after the rupture disc ruptures, the water in the water tank 100 flows out through the pipe 310 and is evenly sprayed into the reactor cavity 500 through the spray head 320, achieving a better cooling and pressure reduction effect.

[0041] Please refer to Figure 1, according to an embodiment provided by the present utility model, the passive pressure relief device includes a plurality of spray heads 320, and the plurality of spray heads 320 are uniformly arranged on the top of the reactor cavity 500. When a high-energy pipeline ruptures, water in the water tank 100 is sprayed into the reactor cavity 500 through the spray heads 320 to cool down the high-temperature gas in the reactor cavity 500, thereby quickly reducing the peak pressure and temperature in the cavity. Specifically, the spray heads 320 are uniformly arranged on the top of the reactor cavity 500. For example, they can be arranged in a vertical and horizontal pattern, etc., and can comprehensively and uniformly spray-cool the high-temperature steam in the entire cavity to achieve a better cooling effect.

[0042] Please refer to Figure 1 , according to an embodiment provided by the present utility model, the pipeline 310 includes a plurality of sub-pipelines, at least one spray head 320 is provided on each sub-pipeline, and each sub-pipeline is connected to the water tank 100, and a rupture disk safety device 200 is provided at the connection between the sub-pipeline and the water tank 100. By connecting a plurality of sub-pipelines to the water tank 100 and arranging a plurality of spray heads 320 thereon, water in the water tank 100 can be efficiently and quickly sprayed into the reactor cavity 500 for cooling and pressure relief. Specifically, for example, the plurality of sub-pipelines can be a plurality of parallel pipelines, arranged parallel to the bottom surface of the water tank 100, at least one end of each sub-pipeline is connected to the water tank 100, and a rupture disk safety device 200 is provided at the connection, or the pipeline 310 can also be a plurality of sub-pipelines perpendicular to the bottom of the water tank 100, one end of the pipeline is connected to the bottom of the water tank 100, and a rupture disk safety device 200 is provided at the connection; when the device performs pressure relief work, water in the water tank 100 flows into the pipeline through the rupture opening of the rupture disk safety device 200, and one or more spray heads 320 can be provided on the side of each pipeline close to the reactor cavity 500. After the water in the water tank 100 enters the pipeline 310, it is comprehensively and uniformly sprayed into the reactor cavity 500 through the spray heads 320 to achieve cooling and pressure reduction.

[0043] Please refer to Figure 1, according to an embodiment provided by the present utility model, a plurality of water inlets are provided between the pipeline 310 and the water tank 100, and the bursting disc safety device 200 is provided at each water inlet. For example, the pipeline 310 can be multiple pipelines 310 perpendicular to the bottom of the water tank 100. One end of each pipeline 310 is connected to the water tank 100, and the bursting opening formed after the bursting of the bursting disc safety device 200 at the connection is the water inlet, and the other end is connected to the inside of the reactor cavity 500. In other embodiments, the pipeline 310 can also be an integral pipeline 310. For example, it can be an S-shaped pipeline 310 parallel to the bottom of the water tank 100 and having a certain distance from the water tank 100. A plurality of pipe orifices are provided thereon and connected to the bottom of the water tank 100, and the bursting opening formed after the bursting of the bursting disc safety device 200 at the connection of the pipe orifices is the water inlet. By injecting water through multiple pipe orifices, not only can the efficiency of injecting water into the reactor cavity 500 be improved, but also if an individual bursting disc fails among the multiple bursting disc devices, it will not affect the overall pressure relief function, and the reliability of the device can be effectively improved.

[0044] Please refer to Figure 1 , according to an embodiment provided by the present utility model, the bursting disc safety device 200 includes a bursting disc. The bursting disc is arranged at the connection between the pipeline 310 and the water tank 100 and seals it. Specifically, the bursting disc can be clamped and fixed by a gripper and installed at the bottom of the water tank 100 and connected to the pipeline 310 by means of flange connection or welding to seal it. When the reactor is operating normally, the bursting disc safety device 200 is in good condition and can seal the bottom of the water tank 100, using the water in the water tank 100 to isolate the chamber from the external space and prevent the external space from being affected by radiation; when a high-energy pipeline rupture accident occurs, the temperature and pressure in the reactor cavity 500 rise. When the pressure difference on both sides of the bursting disc reaches the preset value, the bursting disc safety device 200 immediately acts, the bursting disc ruptures, so that the water tank 100 is communicated with the pipeline 310, and the water in the water tank 100 flows out through the pipeline 310 under the action of gravity and is evenly sprayed into the chamber through the spray head 320 to cool the high-temperature steam in the chamber, effectively reducing the pressure in the chamber. And when the water in the water tank 100 runs dry, since the bursting disc ruptures, the steam in the chamber can be connected to the external space through the pipeline 310 and the opening of the water tank 100, which can also play the role of pressure relief.

[0045] It can be understood that the preset working pressure of the bursting disc safety device 200 should be greater than the difference between the pressure on one side of the water tank 100 and the chamber pressure during the normal operation of the reactor cavity 500, and less than the difference between the pressure on one side of the water tank 100 and the peak pressure of the chamber when a high-energy pipeline rupture occurs, and a certain margin is left to ensure that the normal operation of the reactor is not affected, and the bursting disc safety device 200 can quickly respond and act when an accident occurs.

[0046] Please refer toFigure 1 According to an embodiment provided by the present utility model, the rupture disk safety device 200, as a key component of the passive pressure relief device, can ensure the normal operation of the reactor and the rapid response to accidents. However, the performance of the rupture disk will change under the influence of the working environment, thus affecting the safety and reliability of the device. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the service life and replacement cycle of the rupture disk through failure analysis, test fitting analysis, etc., and combine the safety requirements and economy of use to timely inspect and replace the rupture disk safety device 200 during the refueling overhaul of the nuclear reactor to ensure the high efficiency and reliability of the passive pressure relief device.

[0047] Please refer to Figure 1 According to an embodiment provided by the present utility model, the water replenishing device 400 is connected to the water tank 100 and can inject water and replenish water into the water tank 100. The water replenishing device 400 is connected to the water tank 100 through a water replenishing pipeline and controls the opening and closing of the pipeline and adjusts the flow rate, etc. through a control valve. A certain amount of water can be injected into the water tank 100 through the water replenishing device 400 to ensure that radiation can be isolated during the normal operation of the reactor; when a high-energy pipeline ruptures, water is replenished into the water tank 100 through the water replenishing device 400 to spray into the chamber for cooling and pressure relief. By setting the water replenishing device 400 to control the water volume in the water tank 100, only a preset amount of water needs to be injected into the water tank 100 during the normal operation of the reactor to ensure radiation isolation, which can reduce the pressure on the bottom of the water tank 100, and then timely replenish water through the water replenishing device 400 when pressure relief is carried out to ensure the pressure relief effect.

[0048] Please refer to Figure 1 According to an embodiment provided by the present utility model, when the reactor is operating normally, the rupture disk safety device 200 is in a closed state, and the connection between the water tank 100 and the pipeline 310 is in a sealed state. The water in the water tank 100 acts as a neutron absorber to play a role in radiation isolation, effectively ensuring that radioactive rays do not escape into the large space of the containment and other compartments, and ensuring the safety during the normal operation of the reactor. When a high-energy pipeline rupture accident occurs and the temperature and pressure in the reactor cavity 500 rise rapidly, the pressure difference on both sides of the rupture disk reaches a preset value and it quickly acts to burst. The water tank 100 and the pipeline 310 are connected through the burst opening to achieve water inlet. The water in the water tank 100 quickly flows into the pipeline 310 under the action of gravity and is evenly sprayed into the interior of the reactor cavity 500 through the spraying device on the pipeline 310 to quickly cool the high-temperature steam in the reactor cavity 500 to achieve pressure relief. At the same time, water is timely replenished through the water replenishing device 400 to ensure the pressure relief effect and prevent the collapse of the wall due to excessive pressure difference and damage to the pressure vessel 600; when the water in the water tank 100 runs out, since the rupture disk safety device 200 ruptures to form a burst opening and the upper part of the water tank 100 is connected to the external space, the steam inside the reactor cavity 500 can be connected to the external large space to achieve a better pressure relief effect.

[0049] Please refer to Figure 1 , the present utility model also provides a reactor pressure relief safety system, including a containment vessel 1, a reactor 2 and a passive pressure relief device 3. A reactor is arranged inside the containment vessel. The containment vessel is the last safety barrier between the reactor and the external environment. In case of accidents such as coolant leakage in the reactor, the containment vessel needs to contain a large amount of high-temperature and high-pressure radioactive working medium to prevent it from leaking into the environment; the reactor is arranged inside the containment vessel and includes a reactor cavity 500, and inside the reactor cavity 500 there are a pressure vessel 600 and a plurality of high-energy pipelines; the passive pressure relief device is arranged at the top of the reactor cavity 500 and includes a water tank 100, a drain device 300 and a rupture disk safety device 200. The water tank 100 is arranged at the top of the reactor cavity 500, and its top is an open structure or is provided with a plurality of through holes. The water tank 100 communicates with the large space of the containment vessel through the opening or the through holes. The large space of the containment vessel is the large space in the upper part of the containment vessel; the drain device 300 is arranged at the bottom of the water tank 100; the rupture disk safety device 200 is arranged at the bottom of the water tank 100 and is connected to the drain device 300. After the rupture disk safety device 200 ruptures, the water tank 100 communicates with the drain device 300 to spray water into the reactor cavity 500.

[0050] Please refer to Figure 1 , when the reactor is operating normally, the water in the water tank 100 can isolate radiation to ensure that the radioactive rays in the reactor cavity 500 will not escape into the large space of the containment vessel; when a high-energy pipeline rupture accident occurs and the pressure in the reactor cavity 500 rises to the preset pressure when the pressure difference on both sides of the rupture disk reaches the preset pressure, the rupture disk acts, and the water in the water tank 100 flows into the pipeline 310 under the action of gravity and is sprayed into the chamber space through the spray head 320 to cool the high-temperature steam in the chamber, realizing pressure relief. At the same time, the water replenishing device 400 can continuously replenish water to timely perform preliminary and efficient pressure relief; when the water in the water tank 100 runs out, the gas in the reactor cavity 500 communicates with the large space of the containment vessel through the opening and the rupture opening of the water tank 100 to realize further pressure relief, and the accident is further alleviated in time through the containment vessel and the cooling device inside it, etc.

[0051] A passive pressure relief device provided by the present utility model realizes passive pressure relief by means of a water tank 100 arranged at the top of a reactor cavity 500 and a plurality of rupture disk safety devices 200 at the bottom of the water tank 100. It utilizes gravity and pressure difference to achieve passive pressure relief, which is efficient and reliable. It can effectively reduce the peak pressure inside the compartment during an accident, improve the safety of the nuclear power plant compartment, and reduce the requirements for the civil construction design of the cavity. Moreover, the water in the water tank 100 has a certain thickness, which can effectively play a role in radiation shielding, and is beneficial to ensuring that other compartments are not affected by the radiation of the cavity. The entire device has a simple structure, does not require an additional power source, and will not affect other systems. It can cooperate well with other systems and has high system reliability. It can be applied to newly built nuclear power plants and is also suitable for the renovation of existing equipment in nuclear power plants. The improvement cost is low, which can improve the economy of the power plant, and has good economic and environmental benefits.

[0052] The above-described embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present utility model and are not intended to limit them. Although the present utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or perform equivalent replacements for some of the technical features. These modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present utility model and should all be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0053] Except for the technical features described in the specification, the remaining technical features are well-known to those skilled in the art. To highlight the innovative features of the present utility model, the remaining technical features are not described herein again.

Claims

1. A passive pressure relief device, characterized in that: include: A water tank is arranged at the top of the reactor cavity; A drain device, arranged at the bottom of the water tank; The bursting disc safety device is arranged at the bottom of the water tank and connected to the drain device. After the bursting disc safety device explodes, the water tank is connected to the drain device to spray water into the reactor cavity.

2. The passive pressure relief device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also included is a water-repelling device, the water-repelling device comprising: A pipeline, wherein the pipeline is arranged at the bottom of the water tank; The shower head is arranged on the top of the reactor cavity and is located in the reactor cavity, and the shower head is connected to the pipeline.

3. The passive pressure relief device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The bursting disc safety device comprises a bursting disc, which is arranged at the connection between the pipeline and the water tank and seals it.

4. The passive pressure relief device according to claim 2, characterized in that: It comprises a plurality of the spray heads, and the plurality of the spray heads are evenly arranged on the top of the reactor cavity.

5. The passive pressure relief device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The pipeline includes a plurality of sub-pipelines, each of which is provided with at least one of the sprinkler heads, and each of which is connected to the water tank, and the bursting disc safety device is provided at the connection between the sub-pipeline and the water tank.

6. The passive pressure relief device according to claim 2, characterized in that: A plurality of water inlets are arranged between the pipeline and the water tank, and the bursting disc safety device is arranged at each of the water inlets.

7. The passive pressure relief device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top of the water tank is an open structure or is provided with a plurality of through holes.

8. The passive pressure relief device according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a water replenishing device, which is connected to the water tank to fill water into the water tank.

9. A reactor pressure relief safety system, characterized in that: include: A containment vessel, in which the reactor is located; A reactor, arranged in the containment, comprising a reactor cavity, wherein the reactor cavity has a pressure vessel and a plurality of high-energy pipelines; The passive pressure relief device is arranged at the top of the reactor cavity and comprises: A water tank, arranged at the top of the reactor cavity; A drain device, arranged at the bottom of the water tank; The bursting disc safety device is arranged at the bottom of the water tank and connected to the drain device. After the bursting disc safety device explodes, the water tank is connected to the drain device to spray water into the reactor cavity.

10. The reactor depressurization safety system according to claim 9, characterized in that: The top of the water tank is an open structure or is provided with a plurality of through holes, and the water tank is communicated with the large space above the containment shell through the opening or the through holes.

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