Tributyl phosphate reaction kettle with heating distillation function

Abstract

The utility model relates to a tributyl phosphate reaction kettle with heating and distilling functions, which comprises a tributyl phosphate reaction kettle shell and further comprises a stirring structure arranged in the tributyl phosphate reaction kettle shell; and the liquid passing structures are arranged on the two sides of the stirring structure. A rotating motor rotates to drive a stirring rod and a first connecting rod to rotate, the stirring rod rotates to stir a tributyl phosphate material in a tributyl phosphate reaction kettle shell, the first connecting rod rotates to drive a rotating gear to rotate, and the rotating gear drives a threaded fan blade to rotate; according to the tributyl phosphate reaction kettle, liquid at the upper part is pumped into the lower part through a liquid passing pipe I and a liquid passing pipe II by rotating threaded fan blades, so that heat in a shell of the tributyl phosphate reaction kettle is uniformly distributed in a material, and the top of the liquid passing pipe I is always positioned below the liquid level in a distillation process by virtue of a floating plate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the field of reaction kettles, and particularly relates to a tributyl phosphate reaction kettle with a heating and distillation function. Background Art

[0002] Tributyl phosphate (TBP) is odorless, miscible with most organic solvents, and slightly soluble in water (1 ml dissolves in about 165 ml of water). It is of low toxicity. It is used for extracting cobalt, iridium, manganese, molybdenum, palladium, platinum, rhodium, technetium, uranium, and tungsten. A reaction kettle refers to a container for physical or chemical reactions. Through the structural design and parameter configuration of the container, functions such as heating, evaporation, cooling, and mixing at low and high speeds required by the process are realized. Reaction kettles are widely used in fields such as petroleum, chemical industry, rubber, pesticides, dyes, medicine, and food. They are pressure vessels used to complete processes such as vulcanization, nitration, hydrogenation, alkylation, polymerization, and condensation, such as reactors, reaction pots, decomposition pots, polymerization kettles, etc.; the materials are generally carbon manganese steel, stainless steel, zirconium, nickel-based (Hastelloy, Monel, Inconel) alloys, and other composite materials. Reaction kettles are usually used in the process of preparing tributyl phosphate.

[0003] In the existing Chinese utility model, the publication number CN215136973U discloses a distillation type reaction kettle, including a reaction kettle main body and a distillation box. For the reaction kettle main body, a top cover is arranged at the top of the reaction kettle main body, and the reaction kettle main body is connected to the top cover through a connecting piece. A feeding port is arranged at the left top of the top cover, a discharge port is opened at the bottom of the reaction kettle main body, a rotating rod is arranged inside the reaction kettle main body, the distillation box is arranged on the right side of the reaction kettle main body, and a cooling plate is arranged inside the distillation box. For this distillation type reaction kettle, a connecting piece is provided. When the reaction kettle main body needs to be cleaned, the staff can disassemble the connecting piece to split the top cover from the reaction kettle main body, so that the inside of the reaction kettle main body can be cleaned. Moreover, the disassembly and installation process is relatively simple. At the same time, a heat insulation shell is provided, and the heat insulation shell can prevent the waste heat generated during the heating process of the device from diffusing to the outside to a certain extent, so as to effectively prevent the waste heat from polluting the working environment around the device.

[0004] Referring to the above distillation type reaction kettle, although a stirring blade is arranged inside the distillation type reaction kettle to stir to help the internal heat distribution be uniform, the stirring direction of the stirring blade is single, so that most of the heat in the reaction kettle still concentrates in the middle part, while the heat received by the upper and lower ends is still less, resulting in the heat in the reaction kettle still being unevenly distributed, thus affecting the overall distillation reaction effect of the reaction kettle. Therefore, how to evenly distribute the heat in the shell of the tributyl phosphate reaction kettle in the material is an important problem that needs to be solved in the design of a tributyl phosphate reaction kettle with a heating and distillation function. Summary of the Utility Model

[0005] The utility model provides a tributyl phosphate reaction kettle with a heating and distillation function to solve the problem of evenly distributing the heat in the shell of the tributyl phosphate reaction kettle into the material.

[0006] The utility model solves the above technical problems through the following technical solutions:

[0007] A tributyl phosphate reaction kettle with a heating and distillation function includes a tributyl phosphate reaction kettle shell, and further includes: a stirring structure disposed inside the tributyl phosphate reaction kettle shell; a liquid passing structure disposed on both sides of the stirring structure, and the stirring structure rotates to drive the liquid passing structure to pass liquid.

[0008] For the tributyl phosphate reaction kettle with a heating and distillation function, three support feet are fixedly connected to the bottom side wall of the tributyl phosphate reaction kettle shell, and a feed pipe, a discharge pipe and a distillation pipe are fixedly connected to the tributyl phosphate reaction kettle shell. Sealing covers are arranged on both the feed pipe and the discharge pipe, and the other end of the distillation pipe is fixedly connected to a distillation collection cylinder. A support plate is fixedly connected to the bottom side wall of the distillation collection cylinder, and the support plate is fixedly connected to the side wall of the tributyl phosphate reaction kettle shell.

[0009] In this technical solution, tributyl phosphate material is added into the tributyl phosphate reaction kettle shell through the feed pipe, and after the steam is condensed through the distillation pipe, it enters the distillation collection cylinder for collection.

[0010] For the tributyl phosphate reaction kettle with a heating and distillation function, a fixing plate is fixedly connected to the inner side wall of the tributyl phosphate reaction kettle shell, and a heating plate is fixedly connected to the top of the fixing plate.

[0011] In this technical solution, the heating plate heats to heat and distill the tributyl phosphate material inside.

[0012] For the tributyl phosphate reaction kettle with a heating and distillation function, the stirring structure includes a rotating motor, a rotating rod and stirring rods. The rotating rod is rotatably connected between the top side wall of the tributyl phosphate reaction kettle shell and the fixing plate. The rotating motor is fixedly connected to the bottom side wall of the fixing plate, the rotating end of the rotating motor is fixedly connected to the rotating rod, stirring rods are equidistantly fixedly connected to the side walls on both sides of the rotating rod, and the positions of the stirring rods on both sides of the rotating rod are arranged staggeredly.

[0013] In this technical solution, the rotating motor rotates to drive the rotating rod to rotate, the rotating rod drives the stirring rods and the first connecting rod to rotate, and the stirring rods rotate to stir the tributyl phosphate material in the tributyl phosphate reaction kettle shell, making the material evenly mixed and also making the heat evenly distributed in the material.

[0014] The described tributyl phosphate reactor with a heating and distillation function, the stirring structure includes a first connecting rod, a rotating ring and a rotating tooth groove. The first connecting rods are fixedly connected to the side wall of the rotating rod at equal intervals. The other end of the first connecting rod is fixedly connected to the rotating ring, and a rotating tooth groove is formed on the side wall of the rotating ring.

[0015] In this technical solution, the rotation of the first connecting rod drives the rotation of the rotating ring, and the rotating ring drives the rotation of the rotating tooth groove.

[0016] The described tributyl phosphate reactor with a heating and distillation function, four support blocks are fixedly connected to the inner side wall of the tributyl phosphate reactor housing.

[0017] In this technical solution, the support blocks support the second liquid delivery pipe.

[0018] The described tributyl phosphate reactor with a heating and distillation function, the liquid delivery structure includes a floating plate, a fixed rod, a first liquid delivery pipe and a second liquid delivery pipe. The second liquid delivery pipe is fixedly connected to the side wall of the support block. The first liquid delivery pipe is slidably connected in the second liquid delivery pipe. Two fixed rods are fixedly connected to the top of the first liquid delivery pipe, and the other ends of the two fixed rods are fixedly connected to the floating plate.

[0019] In this technical solution, the floating plate always floats on the surface of the liquid inside the tributyl phosphate reactor housing. At this time, the top of the first liquid delivery pipe is submerged under the liquid surface. As the distillation progresses and the liquid in the tributyl phosphate reactor housing decreases, the floating plate will drop as the liquid level drops. The floating plate drives the fixed rod to drop, and the fixed rod drives the first liquid delivery pipe to drop and retract into the second liquid delivery pipe, so that the top of the first liquid delivery pipe is always located under the liquid surface.

[0020] The described tributyl phosphate reactor with a heating and distillation function, the liquid delivery structure includes a limit block and a limit groove. The limit grooves are formed on both sides of the inner side wall of the second liquid delivery pipe, and the limit blocks are fixedly connected to both sides of the outer side wall of the first liquid delivery pipe. The limit blocks are slidably connected in the limit grooves.

[0021] In this technical solution, through the limit block and the limit groove, the first liquid delivery pipe can be prevented from detaching from the second liquid delivery pipe.

[0022] The described tributyl phosphate reactor with a heating and distillation function, the liquid delivery structure includes a threaded fan blade, a second connecting rod and a rotating gear. The threaded fan blade is rotatably connected in the second liquid delivery pipe. The end of the rotating shaft of the threaded fan blade is fixedly connected to the second connecting rod, and the other end of the second connecting rod is fixedly connected to the rotating gear.

[0023] In this technical solution, the rotation of the rotating gear drives the rotation of the second connecting rod, and the rotation of the second connecting rod drives the rotation of the threaded fan blade. The rotating threaded fan blade pumps the liquid, causing the liquid above to be pumped into the lower part through the first liquid conveying pipe and the second liquid conveying pipe. While making the upper and lower materials evenly mixed, it further makes the heat evenly distributed in the materials.

[0024] For the tributyl phosphate reaction kettle with heating and distillation functions, the rotating gear and the rotating tooth groove are meshed with each other.

[0025] In this technical solution, the rotation of the rotating tooth groove drives the rotation of the rotating gears on both sides.

[0026] On the basis of conforming to the common knowledge in the field, the above preferred conditions can be combined arbitrarily to obtain various preferred embodiments of the present utility model.

[0027] Due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the present utility model has the following beneficial effects:

[0028] 1. The rotation of the rotating motor drives the rotation of the rotating rod, and the rotating rod drives the stirring rod and the first connecting rod to rotate. The rotation of the stirring rod stirs the tributyl phosphate material in the shell of the tributyl phosphate reaction kettle, making the material evenly mixed and also making the heat evenly distributed in the material. The rotation of the first connecting rod drives the rotation of the rotating gear, and the rotating gear drives the rotation of the threaded fan blade. The rotating threaded fan blade causes the liquid above to be pumped into the lower part through the first liquid conveying pipe and the second liquid conveying pipe. While making the upper and lower materials evenly mixed, it further makes the heat evenly distributed in the material, which is convenient for the heat in the shell of the tributyl phosphate reaction kettle to be evenly distributed in the material.

[0029] 2. The floating plate floats on the surface of the liquid inside the shell of the tributyl phosphate reaction kettle. As the distillation progresses, when the liquid in the shell of the tributyl phosphate reaction kettle decreases, the floating plate will drop with the decrease of the liquid level, and the floating plate drives the first liquid conveying pipe to drop and retract into the second liquid conveying pipe, so that the top of the first liquid conveying pipe is always located below the liquid level, which is convenient for the top of the first liquid conveying pipe to always be located below the liquid level during the distillation process. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 It is a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of the whole of the present utility model.

[0031] Figure 2 It is a schematic internal structure diagram of the whole of the present utility model.

[0032] Figure 3 It is a schematic top view internal structure diagram of the whole of the present utility model.

[0033] Figure 4 It is the whole of the present utility model Figure 2 The partial enlarged structure diagram at A in it.

[0034] In the figure: 1. The shell of the tributyl phosphate reaction kettle; 2. Support feet; 3. Support plate; 4. Distillation collection cylinder; 5. Distillation pipe; 6. Sealing cover; 7. Feed pipe; 8. Discharge pipe; 9. Fixed plate; 10. Heating plate; 11. Stirring structure; 1101. Rotating motor; 1102. Rotating rod; 1103. Stirring rod; 1111. Connecting rod one; 1112. Rotating ring; 1113. Rotating tooth groove; 12. Support block; 13. Liquid passing structure; 1301. Floating plate; 1302. Fixed rod; 1303. First liquid passing pipe; 1304. Second liquid passing pipe; 1311. Threaded fan blade; 1312. Connecting rod two; 1313. Rotating gear; 1321. Limit block; 1322. Limit groove. Specific embodiments

[0035] The present utility model can be more detailedly explained through the following embodiments. The present utility model is not limited to the following embodiments. The purpose of disclosing the present utility model is to protect all changes and improvements within the scope of the present utility model;

[0036] Combined with the attached Figures 1 to 4 The described tributyl phosphate reaction kettle with heating and distillation functions includes the shell 1 of the tributyl phosphate reaction kettle, and further includes: a stirring structure 11, the stirring structure 11 is arranged inside the shell 1 of the tributyl phosphate reaction kettle; a liquid passing structure 13, the liquid passing structure 13 is arranged on both sides of the stirring structure 11, and the rotation of the stirring structure 11 drives the liquid passing structure 13 to pass liquid.

[0037] Three support feet 2 are fixedly connected to the bottom side wall of the shell 1 of the tributyl phosphate reaction kettle. A feed pipe 7, a discharge pipe 8 and a distillation pipe 5 are fixedly connected to the shell 1 of the tributyl phosphate reaction kettle. Sealing covers 6 are arranged on both the feed pipe 7 and the discharge pipe 8. The other end of the distillation pipe 5 is fixedly connected to a distillation collection cylinder 4. A support plate 3 is fixedly connected to the bottom side wall of the distillation collection cylinder 4, and the support plate 3 is fixedly connected to the side wall of the shell 1 of the tributyl phosphate reaction kettle.

[0038] Tributyl phosphate material is added into the shell 1 of the tributyl phosphate reaction kettle through the feed pipe 7. After the steam is condensed through the distillation pipe 5, it enters the distillation collection cylinder 4 for collection.

[0039] A fixed plate 9 is fixedly connected to the inner side wall of the shell 1 of the tributyl phosphate reaction kettle, and a heating plate 10 is fixedly connected to the top of the fixed plate 9.

[0040] The heating plate 10 conducts heating to heat and distill the internal tributyl phosphate material.

[0041] The stirring structure 11 includes a rotating motor 1101, a rotating rod 1102 and stirring rods 1103. The rotating rod 1102 is rotatably connected between the top side wall of the tributyl phosphate reaction kettle housing 1 and the fixing plate 9. The rotating motor 1101 is fixedly connected to the bottom side wall of the fixing plate 9. The rotating end of the rotating motor 1101 is fixedly connected to the rotating rod 1102. Stirring rods 1103 are fixedly connected to the side walls on both sides of the rotating rod 1102 at equal intervals. The positions of the stirring rods 1103 on both sides of the rotating rod 1102 are staggered from each other.

[0042] The rotation of the rotating motor 1101 drives the rotation of the rotating rod 1102. The rotating rod 1102 drives the stirring rods 1103 and the first connecting rod 1111 to rotate. The rotation of the stirring rods 1103 stirs the tributyl phosphate material in the tributyl phosphate reaction kettle housing 1, making the material mix evenly and also making the heat evenly distributed in the material.

[0043] The stirring structure 11 includes a first connecting rod 1111, a rotating ring 1112 and a rotating tooth groove 1113. The first connecting rods 1111 are fixedly connected to the side wall of the rotating rod 1102 at equal intervals. The other end of the first connecting rod 1111 is fixedly connected to the rotating ring 1112. A rotating tooth groove 1113 is formed on the side wall of the rotating ring 1112.

[0044] The rotation of the first connecting rod 1111 drives the rotation of the rotating ring 1112. The rotating ring 1112 drives the rotation of the rotating tooth groove 1113.

[0045] Four support blocks 12 are fixedly connected to the inner side wall of the tributyl phosphate reaction kettle housing 1.

[0046] The support block 12 supports the second liquid delivery pipe 1304.

[0047] The liquid delivery structure 13 includes a floating plate 1301, fixed rods 1302, a first liquid delivery pipe 1303 and a second liquid delivery pipe 1304. The second liquid delivery pipe 1304 is fixedly connected to the side wall of the support block 12. A first liquid delivery pipe 1303 is slidably connected inside the second liquid delivery pipe 1304. Two fixed rods 1302 are fixedly connected to the top of the first liquid delivery pipe 1303. The other ends of the two fixed rods 1302 are fixedly connected to the floating plate 1301.

[0048] The floating plate 1301 always floats on the surface of the liquid inside the tributyl phosphate reaction kettle housing 1. At this time, the top of the first liquid delivery pipe 1303 is submerged under the liquid level. As the distillation progresses, when the liquid in the tributyl phosphate reaction kettle housing 1 decreases, the floating plate 1301 will drop as the liquid level drops. The floating plate 1301 drives the fixed rods 1302 to drop. The fixed rods 1302 drive the first liquid delivery pipe 1303 to drop and retract into the second liquid delivery pipe 1304, so that the top of the first liquid delivery pipe 1303 is always located under the liquid level.

[0049] The liquid passing structure 13 includes a limit block 1321 and a limit groove 1322. The limit grooves 1322 are formed on both sides of the inner side wall of the second liquid passing pipe 1304, and the limit blocks 1321 are fixedly connected to both sides of the outer side wall of the first liquid passing pipe 1303. The limit blocks 1321 are slidably connected in the limit grooves 1322.

[0050] Through the limit block 1321 and the limit groove 1322, the first liquid passing pipe 1303 can be prevented from detaching from the second liquid passing pipe 1304.

[0051] The liquid passing structure 13 includes a threaded fan blade 1311, a second connecting rod 1312, and a rotating gear 1313. The threaded fan blade 1311 is rotatably connected in the second liquid passing pipe 1304. The end of the rotating shaft of the threaded fan blade 1311 is fixedly connected to the second connecting rod 1312, and the other end of the second connecting rod 1312 is fixedly connected to the rotating gear 1313.

[0052] The rotation of the rotating gear 1313 drives the rotation of the second connecting rod 1312, and the rotation of the second connecting rod 1312 drives the rotation of the threaded fan blade 1311. The rotating threaded fan blade 1311 pumps the liquid, so that the liquid above is pumped into the lower part through the first liquid passing pipe 1303 and the second liquid passing pipe 1304. While the upper and lower materials are evenly mixed, the heat is further evenly distributed in the materials.

[0053] The rotating gear 1313 and the rotating tooth groove 1113 are meshed with each other.

[0054] The rotation of the rotating tooth groove 1113 drives the rotation of the rotating gears 1313 on both sides.

[0055] When implementing the tributyl phosphate reaction kettle with a heating and distillation function of the present utility model, the electrical components appearing in this application are externally connected to a power supply and a control switch during use. Through the feed pipe 7, tributyl phosphate material is added into the tributyl phosphate reaction kettle housing 1, and the heating plate 10 is heated to heat and distill the tributyl phosphate material inside. The steam is condensed through the distillation pipe 5 and then enters the distillation collection cylinder 4 for collection. The rotation of the rotation motor 1101 drives the rotation of the rotation rod 1102, and the rotation rod 1102 drives the rotation of the stirring rod 1103 and the first connecting rod 1111. The rotation of the stirring rod 1103 stirs the tributyl phosphate material in the tributyl phosphate reaction kettle housing 1, making the material evenly mixed and also making the heat evenly distributed in the material.

[0056] The rotation of the first connecting rod 1111 drives the rotation of the rotating ring 1112. The rotating ring 1112 drives the rotation of the rotating tooth groove 1113. The rotation of the rotating tooth groove 1113 drives the rotation of the rotating gears 1313 on both sides. The rotation of the rotating gears 1313 drives the rotation of the second connecting rod 1312. The rotation of the second connecting rod 1312 drives the rotation of the threaded fan blade 1311. The rotating threaded fan blade 1311 pumps the liquid, causing the liquid above to be pumped into the lower part through the first liquid conveying pipe 1303 and the second liquid conveying pipe 1304. While making the materials in the upper and lower layers evenly mixed, it further makes the heat evenly distributed in the materials.

[0057] The floating plate 1301 always floats on the surface of the liquid inside the shell 1 of the tributyl phosphate reactor. At this time, the top of the first liquid conveying pipe 1303 is submerged under the liquid level. As the distillation progresses and the liquid in the shell 1 of the tributyl phosphate reactor decreases, the floating plate 1301 will descend as the liquid level drops. The floating plate 1301 drives the fixed rod 1302 to descend, and the fixed rod 1302 drives the first liquid conveying pipe 1303 to descend and retract into the second liquid conveying pipe 1304, so that the top of the first liquid conveying pipe 1303 is always located under the liquid level, which is convenient for the top of the first liquid conveying pipe 1303 to always be located under the liquid level during the distillation process.

[0058] The parts not detailed in the present utility model are the prior art.

Claims

1. A tributyl phosphate reactor with heating and distillation function, comprising a tributyl phosphate reactor shell (1), characterized in that: Also includes: A stirring structure (11), wherein the stirring structure (11) is arranged in the casing (1) of the tributyl phosphate reaction kettle; A liquid-passing structure (13), wherein the liquid-passing structure (13) is arranged on both sides of the stirring structure (11), and the stirring structure (11) rotates to drive the liquid-passing structure (13) to pass liquid; The liquid passage structure (13) comprises a floating plate (1301), a fixed rod (1302), a first liquid passage tube (1303) and a second liquid passage tube (1304); the second liquid passage tube (1304) is fixedly connected to the side wall of the support block (12); the first liquid passage tube (1303) is slidably connected inside the second liquid passage tube (1304); the top of the first liquid passage tube (1303) is fixedly connected to two fixed rods (1302); the other ends of the two fixed rods (1302) are fixedly connected to the floating plate (1301); The liquid passage structure (13) comprises a limit block (1321) and a limit groove (1322), wherein the limit groove (1322) is provided on both sides of the inner wall of the second liquid passage tube (1304), the limit block (1321) is fixedly connected to both sides of the outer wall of the first liquid passage tube (1303), and the limit block (1321) is slidably connected in the limit groove (1322); The liquid-passing structure (13) comprises a threaded fan blade (1311), a second connecting rod (1312) and a rotating gear (1313); the threaded fan blade (1311) is rotatably connected in the second liquid-passing tube (1304); the end of the rotating shaft of the threaded fan blade (1311) is fixedly connected to the second connecting rod (1312); and the other end of the second connecting rod (1312) is fixedly connected to the rotating gear (1313).

2. The tributyl phosphate reaction kettle with heating and distillation function as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: Three supporting legs (2) are fixedly connected to the bottom side wall of the tributyl phosphate reaction kettle shell (1); a feed pipe (7), a discharge pipe (8) and a distillation pipe (5) are fixedly connected to the tributyl phosphate reaction kettle shell (1); a plugging cover (6) is provided on each of the feed pipe (7) and the discharge pipe (8); the other end of the distillation pipe (5) is fixedly connected to a distillation collecting cylinder (4); a supporting plate (3) is fixedly connected to the bottom side wall of the distillation collecting cylinder (4); and the supporting plate (3) is fixedly connected to the side wall of the tributyl phosphate reaction kettle shell (1).

3. The tributyl phosphate reaction kettle with heating distillation function as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: A fixing plate (9) is fixedly connected to the inner side wall of the tributyl phosphate reaction kettle shell (1), and a heating plate (10) is fixedly connected to the top of the fixing plate (9).

4. The tributyl phosphate reaction kettle with heating and distillation function as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The stirring structure (11) comprises a rotating motor (1101), a rotating rod (1102) and a stirring rod (1103); the rotating rod (1102) is rotatably connected between the top side wall of the tributyl phosphate reactor shell (1) and the fixed plate (9); the rotating motor (1101) is fixedly connected to the bottom side wall of the fixed plate (9); the rotating end of the rotating motor (1101) is fixedly connected to the rotating rod (1102); the stirring rods (1103) are fixedly connected to the side walls on both sides of the rotating rod (1102) at equal distances; and the stirring rods (1103) on both sides of the rotating rod (1102) are arranged to be staggered.

5. The tributyl phosphate reaction kettle with heating and distillation function as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The stirring structure (11) comprises a connecting rod (1111), a rotating ring (1112) and a rotating tooth groove (1113); the connecting rod (1111) is fixedly connected to the side wall of the rotating rod (1102) at an equal distance; the other end of the connecting rod (1111) is fixedly connected to the rotating ring (1112); and the rotating tooth groove (1113) is provided on the side wall of the rotating ring (1112).

6. The tributyl phosphate reaction kettle with heating and distillation function as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: Four support blocks (12) are fixedly connected to the inner side wall of the tributyl phosphate reaction kettle shell (1).

7. The tributyl phosphate reaction kettle with heating and distillation function as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: The rotating gear (1313) and the rotating tooth groove (1113) are meshed with each other.

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