High-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage and transportation device

Abstract

The high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage and transportation device comprises a hydrogen storage tank, a hydrogen bag is bonded to the bottom of one side in the hydrogen storage tank, the side, close to the inner wall of the hydrogen storage tank, of the hydrogen bag is communicated with a hydrogen charging and discharging pipe extending out of the hydrogen storage tank, the side, away from the hydrogen bag, of the outside of the hydrogen storage tank is communicated with a nitrogen cylinder, and the top of the hydrogen storage tank is outwards communicated with an emergency blow-down pipe. According to the high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage and transportation device, the hydrogen bag made of the flexible material which is slightly influenced by hydrogen permeation is adopted for storing hydrogen, corrosion and hydrogen embrittlement damage caused by direct contact of hydrogen with the hydrogen storage tank in the storage and transportation process are reduced, and a small amount of hydrogen permeating between the hydrogen bag and the hydrogen storage tank can be replaced and emptied through the emergency emptying pipe through nitrogen. And in addition, during deflation, due to the fact that positive pressure nitrogen replacement exists in the hydrogen storage tank, the flexible hydrogen bag can enable hydrogen to be fully released, and therefore the storage and transportation efficiency and safety are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of equipment related to hydrogen energy utilization, and particularly relates to a high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage and transportation device. Background Technique

[0002] The overall hydrogen energy industry chain can be divided into three major links: hydrogen production, hydrogen storage and transportation, and hydrogen energy application. Among them, the storage and transportation link is the key to the efficient utilization of hydrogen energy and an important link affecting the large-scale development of hydrogen energy. In the entire hydrogen energy industry chain, the storage and transportation of hydrogen is the key link restricting the development of China's hydrogen energy and fuel cell industries. Due to the special physical and chemical properties of hydrogen, its storage and transportation are difficult, costly, and have low safety.

[0003] (1) Light weight and small density: Among all elements, hydrogen has the lightest weight and the smallest density. It is necessary to increase the pressure of the storage and transportation container to increase the density of hydrogen to improve the efficiency of hydrogen energy utilization;

[0004] (2) Low liquefaction temperature: Under normal pressure, hydrogen can only be liquefied at a temperature of -253°C. The liquefaction energy consumption is high, and the static evaporation loss is large, which requires high requirements for liquid hydrogen storage tanks;

[0005] (3) Small atomic radius: The atomic radius of hydrogen is very small, and hydrogen can pass through most micro-holes invisible to the naked eye. Under high temperature and high pressure, hydrogen can even pass through thick steel plates;

[0006] (4) Active nature: Hydrogen is very active and has extremely poor stability. It is prone to combustion and explosion after leakage. These factors pose challenges to the hydrogen storage and transportation technology.

[0007] From the composition of the terminal hydrogen price, the hydrogen storage and transportation cost accounts for about 30% of the total cost. The economic, efficient, and safe hydrogen storage and transportation technology has become one of the main bottlenecks restricting the large-scale application of hydrogen energy.

[0008] Hydrogen storage and transportation include two parts: hydrogen storage and hydrogen transportation. The hydrogen storage method determines the hydrogen transportation method. Improving the efficiency of hydrogen storage and transportation and reducing the cost of hydrogen storage and transportation are the key points for the development of hydrogen storage and transportation technology.

[0009] The storage and transportation of hydrogen energy is quite difficult. On the one hand, hydrogen is the gas with the smallest density in the world, with a relatively low volume energy density and a large diffusion coefficient; on the other hand, hydrogen has a relatively low ignition point and a wide explosion limit, which also poses extremely high requirements for safety during storage and transportation. Therefore, how to achieve an economic, efficient, and safe hydrogen storage technology is the key to the practical and industrial application of hydrogen energy utilization.

[0010] At present, there are three main hydrogen storage methods, namely gaseous hydrogen storage, liquid hydrogen storage, and solid hydrogen storage. From the perspective of the development direction of technology, the high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage technology is relatively mature at present and will be the main hydrogen storage technology promoted in China for a certain period of time. This technical route mainly realizes the storage and release of hydrogen through high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinders. According to different materials, high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinders are divided into four types: pure steel metal cylinders (Type I), steel-lined fiber-wound cylinders (Type II), metal-lined fiber-wound cylinders (Type III), and plastic-lined fiber-wound cylinders (Type IV).

[0011] Generally speaking, the commonly used materials for Type I, Type II, and Type III high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinders are aluminum (6061 or 7060), steel (stainless steel or chrome-molybdenum steel). The commonly used polymer materials for the inner liner of Type IV cylinders are high-density polyethylene, polyamide-based polymers, etc. High-performance fibers are the main reinforcing bodies for fiber composite-wound gas cylinders. By designing and controlling the content, tension, winding trajectory, etc. of high-performance fibers, the performance of high-performance fibers can be fully exerted to ensure the uniform and stable performance of the composite material-reinforced pressure vessel and a small dispersion degree of the burst pressure. Fibers such as glass fiber, silicon carbide fiber, alumina fiber, boron fiber, carbon fiber, aramid, and PBO fiber are all used to manufacture fiber composite-wound gas cylinders, and carbon fiber has gradually become the mainstream fiber raw material due to its excellent performance.

[0012] There are still some problems with existing high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinders in the storage and transportation links:

[0013] 1. Due to the molecular penetration of hydrogen, steel or metal composite cylinders are easily corroded by hydrogen and show hydrogen embrittlement, resulting in the failure of the cylinders under high pressure and risks such as bursting; it is mainly manifested that hydrogen penetration into the cylinder body occurs during the transportation process both when sending out and returning, causing "hydrogen embrittlement".

[0014] 2. The charging and discharging process of the cylinder is affected by air pressure, and the hydrogen charging and discharging are not sufficient; mainly because in the process of discharging hydrogen, in order to prevent air from entering the hydrogen storage tank, a certain positive pressure needs to be maintained inside the tank, so hydrogen cannot be fully released.

[0015] 3. According to China's "Catalogue of Hazardous Chemicals (2015 Edition)", hydrogen is regulated as a hazardous chemical. The transportation of hydrogen has high regulatory requirements for hazardous chemicals. The transportation and return trips are both regulated as hazardous chemicals, resulting in high transportation costs. Therefore, it is urgent to solve the problem of being able to fully unload hydrogen, so that the one-way transportation of hydrogen belongs to hazardous chemicals and the return trip is regulated according to regular freight transportation, in order to reduce storage and transportation costs and promote the development of the industry. Summary of the Utility Model

[0016] The purpose of the present utility model is to provide a high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage and transportation device, which solves the problems of low safety and low storage and transportation efficiency of existing hydrogen storage equipment.

[0017] The technical solution adopted by the present utility model is as follows: a high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage and transportation device, including a hydrogen storage tank, a hydrogen balloon is adhesively bonded to the bottom on one side inside the hydrogen storage tank, a hydrogen charging and discharging pipe extending out of the hydrogen storage tank is communicated with the side of the hydrogen balloon close to the inner wall of the hydrogen storage tank, a nitrogen gas cylinder is communicated with the side of the hydrogen storage tank far from the hydrogen balloon, and an emergency vent pipe is communicated outward from the top of the hydrogen storage tank.

[0018] The characteristics of the present utility model also lie in that

[0019] An electrically connected electric valve I and a pressure gauge I are arranged at intervals on the connecting pipeline between the nitrogen gas cylinder and the hydrogen storage tank, and the pressure gauge I is close to the hydrogen storage tank.

[0020] An electric valve II linked with the electric valve I is arranged on the emergency vent pipe.

[0021] Hydrogen charging and discharging valves and a pressure gauge II are arranged at intervals on the hydrogen charging and discharging pipe, and the pressure gauge II is close to the hydrogen storage tank.

[0022] An anti-static braided net is sleeved outside the hydrogen balloon.

[0023] The beneficial effects of the present utility model are as follows: for the high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage and transportation device of the present utility model, a hydrogen balloon made of a flexible material with little influence by hydrogen penetration is used for hydrogen storage, reducing the corrosion and hydrogen embrittlement damage caused by direct contact between hydrogen and the hydrogen storage tank during storage and transportation. For the small amount of hydrogen that penetrates between the hydrogen balloon and the hydrogen storage tank, it can be replaced and vented through nitrogen via the emergency vent pipe, thereby improving safety. And when discharging gas, due to the replacement of positive-pressure nitrogen in the hydrogen storage tank, the flexible hydrogen balloon can allow hydrogen to be fully released, thus improving the storage and transportation efficiency and safety. Description of the Drawings

[0024] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage and transportation device of the present utility model.

[0025] In the figure, 1. hydrogen storage tank, 2. hydrogen balloon, 3. hydrogen charging and discharging pipe, 4. nitrogen gas cylinder, 5. emergency vent pipe, 6. electric valve I, 7. pressure gauge I, 8. electric valve II, 9. hydrogen charging and discharging valve, 10. pressure gauge II, 11. anti-static braided net, 12. sealing ring, 13. inflation valve, 14. bracket, 15. base, 16. pressure gauge III. Detailed Embodiments

[0026] The present utility model will be described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.

[0027] Embodiment 1

[0028] The present utility model provides a high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage and transportation device, as Figure 1As shown in the figure, it includes a hydrogen storage tank 1. At the bottom on one side inside the hydrogen storage tank 1, a hydrogen gas bag 2 made of a flexible material such as rubber is adhesively bonded. An anti-static woven net 11 is sleeved outside the hydrogen gas bag 2. One side of the hydrogen gas bag 2 close to the inner wall of the hydrogen storage tank 1 is connected to a hydrogen charging and discharging pipe 3 that extends out of the hydrogen storage tank 1. On the side of the hydrogen storage tank 1 away from the hydrogen gas bag 2, a nitrogen gas cylinder 4 is connected. The top of the hydrogen storage tank 1 is connected outward to an emergency vent pipe 5.

[0029] Through the above method, the high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage and transportation device of the present utility model is more fully and safely charged and discharged, specifically reflected in:

[0030] 1) Currently in the industry, because rigid gas cylinders need to prevent air from mixing in when the pressure in the cylinders is too low, hydrogen cannot be completely released; while the present utility model can fully release hydrogen by using the flexible hydrogen gas bag 2, improving the storage and transportation efficiency.

[0031] 2) Hydrogen has a permeation and penetration effect on rigid materials, and for metal materials, it is manifested as hydrogen embrittlement. Existing hydrogen storage cylinders have hydrogen remaining inside after hydrogenation and hydrogen release because hydrogen cannot be fully released; while in the present utility model, due to the isolation effect of the hydrogen gas bag 2, hydrogen has less contact with the rigid material hydrogen storage tank 1, and hydrogen can be fully released during the return journey. For the small amount of hydrogen that penetrates between the hydrogen gas bag 2 and the hydrogen storage tank 1, it can be replaced and vented with nitrogen, reducing the impact on the hydrogen storage tank 1 while ensuring safety, and greatly improving the service life of the hydrogen storage tank 1.

[0032] 3) In the present utility model, hydrogen is still a pressure-bearing and dangerous gas during the charging and storage or external transportation process, similar to the traditional gas cylinder structure. However, after deflation or in the return state, since the hydrogen gas bag 2 can discharge all the gas and there is positive-pressure nitrogen replacement in the space of the hydrogen storage tank 1, it no longer belongs to pressure-bearing and dangerous gas transportation, reducing costs and improving safety as well.

[0033] 4) In the present utility model, the hydrogen gas bag 2 is adhesively bonded to the bottom on one side inside the hydrogen storage tank 1 to form a bottom fixing surface, and the hydrogen charging and discharging pipe 3 passes through the side wall of the hydrogen storage tank 1 to form a side fixing point. Thus, when the hydrogen gas bag 2 is charged and discharged, especially when high-pressure hydrogen is filled, its swing is restricted, and it can only scale in place, avoiding the generation of static electricity due to the friction between the hydrogen gas bag 2 and the hydrogen storage tank 1 during swinging, and improving safety as well.

[0034] 5) In the present utility model, an anti-static woven net 11 can also be sleeved outside the hydrogen gas bag 2, thereby further reducing the possibility of static electricity generated by the friction between the nitrogen gas flow disturbance and the hydrogen gas bag 2, and further improving safety.

[0035] Embodiment 2

[0036] The utility model provides a high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage and transportation device. On the basis of Embodiment 1, an electrically connected electric valve I 6 and a pressure gauge I 7 close to the hydrogen storage tank 1 are arranged at intervals on the connecting pipeline between the nitrogen cylinder 4 and the hydrogen storage tank 1. The electric valve I 6 is used to switch the on-off state between the nitrogen cylinder 4 and the hydrogen storage tank 1, and the pressure gauge I 7 is used to detect the pressure state outside the hydrogen gas bag 2 in the hydrogen storage tank 1; a pressure gauge III 16 is arranged on the nitrogen cylinder 4 to display the pressure in the nitrogen cylinder 4 and further confirm the display state of the pressure gauge I 7; an electric valve II 8 linked with the electric valve I 6 is arranged on the emergency vent pipe 5 and is used to be linked with the electric valve I 6 to open when emptying the hydrogen permeating between the hydrogen gas bag 2 and the hydrogen storage tank 1 during transportation; a hydrogen charging and discharging valve 9 and a pressure gauge II 10 close to the hydrogen storage tank 1 are arranged at intervals on the hydrogen charging and discharging pipe 3. The hydrogen charging and discharging valve 9 is used to open during hydrogen storage and hydrogen discharging processes and close during transportation, and the pressure gauge II 10 is used to detect the pressure state in the hydrogen gas bag 2.

[0037] Hydrogen storage process: Close the electric valve II 8, open the electric valve I 6 and the hydrogen charging and discharging valve 9, and fill the prepared hydrogen into the hydrogen gas bag 2 through the hydrogen charging and discharging pipe 3. The hydrogen gas bag 2 expands, squeezing the hydrogen between the hydrogen gas bag 2 and the hydrogen storage tank 1 to flow back to the nitrogen cylinder 4. After the pressure gauge I 7 and the pressure gauge II 10 both rise to the set value, close the electric valve I 6 and the hydrogen charging and discharging valve 9.

[0038] Hydrogen discharging process: Connect the hydrogen charging and discharging pipe 3 to the pipeline of the hydrogen refueling station, open the hydrogen charging and discharging valve 9, and the high-pressure hydrogen is released to the pipeline of the hydrogen refueling station through the hydrogen charging and discharging pipe 3 under the action of the pressure difference. When the pressure gauge II 10 detects that the pressure of the hydrogen gas bag 2 decreases, the hydrogen compressor at the hydrogen refueling station starts and sucks in through the compressor, continuously sucking the hydrogen in the hydrogen gas bag 2 until the hydrogen gas bag 2 shrinks. After the hydrogen gas bag 2 shrinks, when the pressure gauge I 7 detects that the space between the hydrogen gas bag 2 and the hydrogen storage tank 1 approaches negative pressure, at this time, to prevent air from infiltrating, the electric valve I 6 is opened, and nitrogen fills the space after the hydrogen gas bag 2 shrinks. When the pressure gauge II 10 tends to be negative and the pressure of the pressure gauge I 7 continues to rise, it indicates that the hydrogen in the hydrogen gas bag 2 has been sucked out and there is no new replacement space for nitrogen in the hydrogen storage tank 1. At this time, close the electric valve I 6 and the hydrogen charging and discharging valve 9.

[0039] Transportation process: If a small amount of hydrogen permeates between the hydrogen gas bag 2 and the hydrogen storage tank 1 or the hydrogen gas bag 2 is damaged, the pressure gauge I 7 detects an increase in pressure. At this time, the electric valve I 6 is opened and linked with the electric valve II 8 to open, and nitrogen carries the hydrogen and is emptied through the emergency vent pipe 5 to prevent accidents when the hydrogen is within the explosion limit range. After the pressure gauge I 7 detects that the pressure returns to a stable state, the electric valve I 6 and the electric valve II 8 are closed.

[0040] Embodiment 3

[0041] The utility model provides a high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage and transportation device. On the basis of Embodiment 1, a sealing ring 12 is fixed at the position where the hydrogen charging and discharging pipe 3 passes through the hydrogen storage tank 1, so as to maintain the airtightness of the hydrogen storage tank 1 and prevent air from infiltrating.

[0042] An inflation valve 13 is provided on the nitrogen cylinder 4. After nitrogen loss, it is replenished through the inflation valve 13 to maintain sufficient gas volume in the nitrogen cylinder 4; a bracket 14 for fixing to the hydrogen storage tank 1 is provided on the body of the nitrogen cylinder 4, and a base 15 for fixing to the hydrogen storage tank 1 is provided at the bottom, so as to keep the integral state of the nitrogen cylinder 4 and the hydrogen storage tank 1 and ensure the safety during transportation.

Claims

1. A high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage and transportation device, characterized in that: The invention comprises a hydrogen storage tank (1), wherein a hydrogen bag (2) is bonded to the bottom of one side of the hydrogen storage tank (1), a side of the hydrogen bag (2) close to the inner wall of the hydrogen storage tank (1) is connected to a hydrogen filling and discharging pipe (3) extending from the hydrogen storage tank (1), a side of the hydrogen storage tank (1) away from the hydrogen bag (2) is connected to a nitrogen bottle (4), and the top of the hydrogen storage tank (1) is connected to an emergency discharge pipe (5) facing outward.

2. The high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage and transportation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: An electrically connected electric valve I (6) and a pressure gauge I (7) are arranged at intervals on the communicating pipeline between the nitrogen bottle (4) and the hydrogen storage tank (1), and the pressure gauge I (7) is close to the hydrogen storage tank (1).

3. The high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage and transportation device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The emergency vent pipe (5) is provided with an electric valve II (8) which is linked to the electric valve I (6).

4. The high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage and transportation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A hydrogen charging and discharging valve (9) and a pressure gauge II (10) are arranged at intervals on the hydrogen charging and discharging pipe (3), and the pressure gauge II (10) is close to the hydrogen storage tank (1).

5. The high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage and transportation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer shell of the hydrogen bag (2) is provided with an anti-static braided mesh (11).

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