Multistage protection hydrogen storage system

Abstract

The utility model relates to a multistage protection hydrogen storage system. The multi-stage protection hydrogen storage system comprises a first storage device used for storing hydrogen; a plurality of first storage devices are arranged in the second storage device; a plurality of second storage devices are arranged in the isolation device; the isolation parts are arranged between the two adjacent second storage devices and between the second storage devices and the isolation devices; and the gas isolation area is a gap formed between the second storage device and the isolation part, and the gas isolation area is used for being filled with nitrogen and / or inert gas. According to the overground hydrogen storage device, the problem that an existing overground hydrogen storage device is large in safety risk is solved, and the problems that the existing overground hydrogen storage device is complex in structure and high in manufacturing and maintenance cost are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of hydrogen storage, and particularly relates to a multi-level protection hydrogen storage system. Background Art

[0002] With the increasing global awareness of environmental protection, reducing greenhouse gas emissions and achieving sustainable development have become a global consensus. As the main energy source, fossil fuels release greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide during the combustion process, which have a significant impact on the global climate and exacerbate the trend of global warming. At the same time, harmful gases and particulate matter are also generated during the extraction, transportation, and combustion of fossil fuels, seriously threatening human health and damaging the ecosystem, such as causing respiratory diseases, acid rain, and ocean acidification.

[0003] As a recognized clean energy, hydrogen energy has the advantages of high energy density and no pollution, and is regarded as an effective way to replace fossil energy and achieve energy security and energy independence. Hydrogen energy not only has broad application prospects, but also plays an important role in energy transformation and climate change response. However, the development and application of hydrogen energy rely on the support of hydrogen storage technology.

[0004] At present, hydrogen storage technologies are mainly divided into two categories: physical hydrogen storage and material hydrogen storage. Physical hydrogen storage methods include storing hydrogen as compressed gas, cryogenic compression storage, and liquefied storage. Among them, compressed hydrogen storage is one of the most commonly used hydrogen storage methods. By compressing hydrogen to a high-pressure state above 6000 - 10000 psi, the volume of hydrogen can be significantly reduced, improving the storage efficiency and capacity. However, hydrogen has an extremely low volume density and must be stored and transported in a high-pressure form to meet the usage requirements in industries and transportation. Therefore, the research and development of hydrogen high-pressure storage technology are particularly important.

[0005] However, in the existing above-ground hydrogen storage mode, especially the double-layer high-pressure hydrogen storage tank, there are some obvious disadvantages. First, the traditional single-tank hydrogen storage tank has a large volume. During the high-pressure hydrogen storage process, the tank container may experience a decrease in material mechanical properties, plasticity, cracking, or damage due to hydrogen erosion, that is, the "hydrogen embrittlement" phenomenon, which may lead to container damage or cracking, and may also cause serious safety accidents, such as hydrogen leakage or even explosion. Second, the double-layer tank structure is complex, and the manufacturing and maintenance costs are relatively high. During long-term use, the sealing problem may increase the risk of hydrogen leakage. Summary of the Utility Model

[0006] The purpose of the utility model is to provide a multi-level protection hydrogen storage system to solve the problems of relatively high safety risks in existing above-ground hydrogen storage devices, and can also solve the problems of complex structure, high manufacturing and maintenance costs in existing above-ground hydrogen storage devices.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present utility model is as follows:

[0008] A multi-stage protection hydrogen storage system, comprising:

[0009] A first storage device for storing hydrogen;

[0010] A second storage device, wherein a plurality of the first storage devices are provided in the second storage device;

[0011] An isolation device, wherein a plurality of the second storage devices are provided in the isolation device;

[0012] Isolation components, which are arranged between two adjacent second storage devices, as well as between the second storage device and the isolation device;

[0013] A gas isolation area, which is the gap formed between the second storage device and the isolation component, and the gas isolation area is used to fill nitrogen and / or inert gas.

[0014] According to the above technical means, by arranging a second storage device outside the first storage device for storing hydrogen, and arranging isolation components and an isolation device outside the second storage device, multi-stage protection of hydrogen is effectively achieved; at the same time, by arranging isolation components between two adjacent second storage devices, and forming a gas isolation area for filling nitrogen and / or inert gas between the second storage device and the isolation component, the impact of a problem occurring in a single second storage device on the entire system is effectively reduced, and the gas in the gas isolation area also effectively dilutes the leaked hydrogen, greatly improving the safety performance of the hydrogen storage system and solving the problem of relatively large safety risks existing in the existing above-ground hydrogen storage devices.

[0015] Preferably, the multi-stage protection hydrogen storage system further comprises a spare leakage area; the spare leakage area is the gap formed between the isolation component and the isolation device, and the spare leakage area is used to temporarily store the leaked hydrogen.

[0016] By arranging a spare leakage area, when hydrogen leakage occurs, the leaked hydrogen can be temporarily stored, avoiding the adverse impact of the leaked hydrogen on the storage device and the risk of explosion caused by the combination of the leaked hydrogen and oxygen in the air, and the leaked hydrogen can be quickly "driven" to the spare leakage area by increasing the pressure of nitrogen and / or inert gas in the gas isolation area, greatly improving the safety of the hydrogen storage system and extending the service life of the storage device.

[0017] Preferably, a safety rupture door is provided on the isolation component located between the gas isolation area and the spare leakage area.

[0018] By providing a safety bursting door on the isolation component located between the gas isolation area and the standby leakage area, when hydrogen leakage occurs, the safety bursting door quickly opens, effectively realizing the timely discharge of the leaked hydrogen and reducing the safety risk.

[0019] Preferably, the isolation device is provided with a safety ignition valve at the part located in the standby leakage area.

[0020] By providing a safety ignition valve at the part of the isolation device located in the standby leakage area, when there is leaked hydrogen in the standby leakage area, the hydrogen can be ignited through the safety ignition valve, effectively avoiding the safety risks existing when hydrogen is stored in the standby leakage area for a long time or discharged into the atmosphere. Moreover, there is a large range of standby leakage area and isolation component between the safety ignition valve and the first hydrogen storage device, which can completely avoid the influence of hydrogen combustion on the storage device.

[0021] Preferably, the multi-stage protection hydrogen storage system further includes a hydrogen circulation pipeline, and the hydrogen circulation pipeline is connected to the first storage device.

[0022] By providing the hydrogen circulation pipeline, it is convenient to introduce and discharge hydrogen into and out of the first storage device smoothly.

[0023] Preferably, a sensor assembly is provided on the hydrogen circulation pipeline near the first storage device.

[0024] By providing a sensor assembly on the hydrogen circulation pipeline to monitor various indexes of hydrogen in the pipeline in real time, the safety of the hydrogen storage system is effectively guaranteed.

[0025] Preferably, the multi-stage protection hydrogen storage system further includes a gas circulation pipeline, and the gas circulation pipeline is connected to the gas isolation area.

[0026] By providing the gas circulation pipeline, it is convenient for nitrogen and / or inert gas to flow into or out of the gas isolation area.

[0027] Preferably, a sensor assembly is provided on the gas circulation pipeline.

[0028] By providing a sensor assembly on the gas circulation pipeline to monitor various indexes of nitrogen and / or inert gas in the pipeline in real time, the safety of the hydrogen storage system is effectively guaranteed.

[0029] Preferably, a sensor assembly is provided in the gap between the first storage device and the second storage device.

[0030] Preferably, a sensor assembly is provided in the gas isolation area.

[0031] Preferably, a sensor assembly is provided in the standby leakage area.

[0032] By arranging sensor components in the gap between the first storage device and the second storage device, the gas isolation area, and the standby leakage area, the real-time indicators of the gas in each area can be monitored simultaneously in real time, abnormal sounds can be detected in a timely manner, and the safety risk is further greatly reduced.

[0033] Preferably, the first storage device, the second storage device, and the isolation component are made of steel.

[0034] Preferably, the sensor component at least includes a temperature sensor, a gas concentration sensor, and a pressure sensor.

[0035] Advantages of the present utility model:

[0036] The multi-stage protection hydrogen storage system of the present utility model effectively realizes multi-stage protection of hydrogen by arranging a second storage device outside the first storage device for storing hydrogen, and arranging an isolation component and an isolation device outside the second storage device. At the same time, an isolation component is arranged between two adjacent second storage devices, and a gas isolation area for filling nitrogen and / or inert gas is formed between the second storage device and the isolation component, effectively reducing the impact of a problem with a single second storage device on the entire system. Moreover, the gas in the gas isolation area effectively dilutes the leaked hydrogen, greatly improving the safety performance of the hydrogen storage system, solving the problem of relatively large safety risks existing in the existing above-ground hydrogen storage devices, and having the advantages of simple structure, low manufacturing cost, and low maintenance cost, and having the value of popularization and application in the field of hydrogen storage technology. Description of the Drawings

[0037] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of a multi-stage protection hydrogen storage system;

[0038] Wherein, 1 - first storage device; 2 - second storage device; 3 - isolation device; 4 - isolation component; 5 - gas isolation area; 6 - standby leakage area; 7 - safety blasting door; 8 - safety ignition valve; 9 - hydrogen circulation pipeline; 10 - sensor component; 11 - gas circulation pipeline. Detailed Embodiments

[0039] The following will describe the embodiments of the present utility model with reference to the drawings and preferred embodiments. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present utility model from the content disclosed in this specification. The present utility model can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments, and various details in this specification can also be modified or changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present utility model. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments are only for explaining the present utility model, rather than for limiting the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0040] It should be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments only schematically illustrate the basic concept of the present invention. Therefore, only the components related to the present invention are shown in the drawings, rather than being drawn according to the number, shape, and size of the components in actual implementation. The type, quantity, and ratio of each component in actual implementation can be arbitrarily changed, and the component layout type may also be more complex. Embodiment

[0041] As Figure 1 shown, a multi-stage hydrogen storage protection system includes:

[0042] A first storage device 1 for storing hydrogen;

[0043] A second storage device 2, in which there are a plurality of first storage devices 1;

[0044] An isolation device 3, in which there are a plurality of second storage devices 2;

[0045] An isolation component 4 is provided between two adjacent second storage devices 2, and between the second storage device 2 and the isolation device 3;

[0046] A gas isolation area 5 is the gap formed between the second storage device 2 and the isolation component 4, and the gas isolation area 5 is used to fill nitrogen and / or inert gas.

[0047] By providing a second storage device outside the first storage device for storing hydrogen, and providing an isolation component and an isolation device outside the second storage device, multi-stage protection of hydrogen is effectively achieved; at the same time, an isolation component is provided between two adjacent second storage devices, and a gas isolation area for filling nitrogen and / or inert gas is formed between the second storage device and the isolation component, effectively reducing the impact on the entire system when a problem occurs in a single second storage device, and the gas in the gas isolation area also effectively dilutes the leaked hydrogen, greatly improving the safety performance of the hydrogen storage system and solving the problem of relatively large safety risks in existing above-ground hydrogen storage devices.

[0048] Exemplarily, the first storage device 1 is a small hydrogen storage tank with a small volume, and the second storage device 2 is a large storage tank with a large volume. Such a design can not only ensure the hydrogen storage capacity, but also effectively reduce the risk of the mechanical properties, plasticity, cracking, or damage of the tank container due to hydrogen erosion during the storage of high-pressure hydrogen, and also reduce the technical difficulty of the pressurization process, thereby improving the hydrogen storage efficiency and safety. The small hydrogen storage tanks can be distributed in a honeycomb dense array to improve the space utilization rate.

[0049] Exemplarily, the inert gas can be selected from gases such as helium, neon, and / or argon.

[0050] The above multi-level protected hydrogen storage system is a ground hydrogen storage system.

[0051] In some embodiments, to cope with emergencies of hydrogen leakage, a gap is provided between the isolation component 4 and the isolation device 3, and this gap serves as the standby leakage area 6 of the multi-level protected hydrogen storage system for temporarily storing the leaked hydrogen, thereby reducing the adverse effects of the leaked hydrogen on the storage device. Moreover, by increasing the pressure of nitrogen and / or inert gas in the gas isolation area, the leaked hydrogen can be quickly "driven" to the standby leakage area, greatly enhancing the safety of the hydrogen storage system and extending the service life of the storage device.

[0052] In actual design, the spatial dimension of the standby leakage area 6 is much larger than that of the second storage device 2 to further dilute the concentration of the leaked hydrogen and ensure the safety of the hydrogen storage system.

[0053] In some embodiments, to achieve the timely discharge of the leaked hydrogen and reduce safety risks, a safety rupture door 7 is provided on the isolation component 4 located between the gas isolation area 5 and the standby leakage area 6.

[0054] Among them, the strength of the first storage device 1 is greater than that of the second storage device 2, the strength of the second storage device 2 is greater than that of the isolation device 3, the strength of the isolation device 3 is greater than that of the isolation component 4, and the strength of the isolation component 4 is greater than that of the safety rupture door 7. The safety rupture door 7 is directly connected to the intelligent control system. When the intelligent control system detects hydrogen leakage, the intelligent control system controls the safety rupture door 7 to open quickly to achieve the rapid discharge of the leaked hydrogen. Even in the case of the failure of the intelligent control system, since the strength of the safety rupture door 7 is the smallest, when there is an abnormal situation, the safety rupture door 7 is the first to open, thereby also being able to introduce the leaked hydrogen into the standby leakage area 6 in a timely manner, greatly enhancing the safety performance of the hydrogen storage system.

[0055] In some embodiments, to avoid the safety risks of long-term storage of hydrogen in the standby leakage area or its emission into the atmosphere, therefore, a safety ignition valve 8 is provided on the isolation device 3 at the position of the standby leakage area 6. When there is leaked hydrogen in the standby leakage area 6, the hydrogen can be ignited through the safety ignition valve 8 to greatly reduce the safety risks. Moreover, a large range of the standby leakage area 6 and the isolation component 4 are spaced between the safety ignition valve 8 and the second hydrogen storage device 2, which can completely avoid the impact of hydrogen combustion on the storage device.

[0056] The safety ignition valve 8 is connected to the intelligent control system, thereby realizing the automatic control of the safety ignition valve 8 through the intelligent control system to improve the operation safety.

[0057] In some embodiments, to facilitate the introduction and discharge of hydrogen into and from the first storage device 1, it is provided that the multi-level protection hydrogen storage system further includes a hydrogen circulation pipeline 9, and the hydrogen circulation pipeline 9 is connected to the first storage device 1. The hydrogen circulation pipeline 9 can serve both as a channel for hydrogen to flow into the first storage device 1 and as a channel for hydrogen to flow out of the first storage device 1, with strong practicability.

[0058] In some embodiments, a sensor assembly 10 is provided on the hydrogen circulation pipeline 9 near the first storage device 1. Designed in this way, various indicators of hydrogen in the pipeline can be monitored in real time, so that in case of abnormal conditions, timely treatment can be carried out to ensure the safety performance of the hydrogen storage system.

[0059] In some embodiments, to facilitate the inflow and outflow of nitrogen and / or inert gas into and out of the gas isolation area 5, it is provided that the multi-level protection hydrogen storage system further includes a gas circulation pipeline 11, and the gas circulation pipeline 11 is connected to the gas isolation area 5. The gas circulation pipeline 11 can serve both as a channel for nitrogen and / or inert gas to flow into the first storage device 1 and as a channel for nitrogen and / or inert gas to flow out of the first storage device 1, which is convenient and practical.

[0060] In some embodiments, to further improve the safety performance of the hydrogen storage system, a sensor assembly 10 is provided on the gas circulation pipeline 11.

[0061] In some embodiments, a sensor assembly 10 is provided in the gap between the first storage device 1 and the second storage device 2; a sensor assembly 10 is provided in the gas isolation area 5; and a sensor assembly 10 is provided in the standby leakage area 6. Sensor assemblies are arranged in each area to simultaneously and real-time monitor the real-time indicators of the gas in each area, so as to timely detect abnormal sounds and further greatly reduce the safety risk.

[0062] In some embodiments, the first storage device 1, the second storage device 2, and the isolation component 4 are made of steel.

[0063] In some embodiments, the sensor assembly 10 at least includes a temperature sensor, a gas concentration sensor, and a pressure sensor to simultaneously and real-time detect the temperature, gas concentration, and gas pressure of the gas (at least including hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen), ensuring that all indicators are within the set range and ensuring the safety of the hydrogen storage system.

[0064] Among them, the multi-level protection hydrogen storage system further includes a hydrogen purity detection device and an automatic control system connected to the hydrogen circulation pipeline 9 for real-time monitoring and adjustment of the hydrogen concentration. The integration method of the hydrogen purity detection device and the automatic control system can be designed according to actual needs. The accuracy of the hydrogen purity detection device is ±0.5%, and the response time of the automatic control system ≤ 2 seconds, ensuring the quality of hydrogen and the stability of the system.

[0065] The hydrogen circulation pipeline 9, the safety bursting door 7, the standby leakage area 6, the safety ignition valve 8, the temperature sensor, the gas concentration sensor and the pressure sensor are all connected to the intelligent control system. Once hydrogen leakage is detected, the valve of the hydrogen circulation pipeline 9 is immediately closed, the safety bursting door 7 is opened, and the leaked hydrogen is introduced into the standby leakage area 6. When the pressure or temperature in the standby leakage area 6 is abnormal, the safety ignition valve 8 is automatically opened for combustion treatment. The specific installation positions and quantities of the hydrogen circulation pipeline 9, the safety bursting door 7, the standby leakage area 6, the safety ignition valve 8, the temperature sensor, the gas concentration sensor and the pressure sensor can be adjusted according to actual requirements. The signal transmission of the temperature sensor, the gas concentration sensor and the pressure sensor uses wireless transmission technology.

[0066] For the multi-stage protection hydrogen storage system, during actual application, when hydrogen leakage occurs under normal conditions, the intelligent control system makes a judgment on whether a leakage accident has occurred based on the abnormal monitoring data returned by each sensor, and successively opens the safety bursting door 7, closes the valve on the hydrogen circulation pipeline 9, and opens the safety ignition valve 8 to "drive" the leaked hydrogen to the standby leakage area 6 for ignition treatment. When the intelligent control system fails, the safety bursting door 7 can also be automatically opened due to abnormal hydrogen concentration and pressure, and the valve on the hydrogen circulation pipeline 9 is automatically closed to perform the same operation. Therefore, both the safety bursting door 7 and the safety ignition valve 8 can achieve dual modes of intelligent control and automatic control, providing double safety guarantees, effectively improving the safety of hydrogen storage and the convenience of operation, and being applicable to various hydrogen storage application scenarios.

[0067] In summary, for the multi-stage protection hydrogen storage system of the present utility model, by arranging a second storage device outside the first storage device for storing hydrogen, and arranging an isolation component and an isolation device outside the second storage device, multi-stage protection of hydrogen is effectively achieved. At the same time, an isolation component is arranged between two adjacent second storage devices, and a gas isolation area for filling nitrogen and / or inert gas is formed between the second storage device and the isolation component, effectively reducing the impact of a problem occurring in a single second storage device on the entire system. Moreover, the gas in the gas isolation area effectively dilutes the leaked hydrogen, greatly improving the safety performance of the hydrogen storage system, solving the problem of relatively large safety risks existing in existing above-ground hydrogen storage devices, and having the advantages of simple structure, low manufacturing cost and low maintenance cost, and having the value of popularization and application in the field of hydrogen storage technology.

[0068] The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments given to fully illustrate the present utility model, and the protection scope of the present utility model is not limited thereto. Equivalent substitutions or transformations made by those skilled in the art on the basis of the present utility model are all within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A multi-level protection hydrogen storage system, characterized in that: include: A first storage device (1), used for storing hydrogen; A second storage device (2), wherein a plurality of the first storage devices (1) are arranged in the second storage device (2); An isolation device (3), wherein a plurality of the second storage devices (2) are provided in the isolation device (3); an isolation component (4), the isolation component (4) being arranged between two adjacent second storage devices (2), and between the second storage device (2) and the isolation device (3); A gas isolation area (5), the gas isolation area (5) being a gap formed between the second storage device (2) and the isolation component (4), the gas isolation area (5) being used to be filled with nitrogen and / or an inert gas.

2. The multi-level protection hydrogen storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multi-stage protection hydrogen storage system further comprises a spare leakage area (6); the spare leakage area (6) is a gap formed between the isolation component (4) and the isolation device (3), and the spare leakage area (6) is used to temporarily store leaked hydrogen.

3. The multi-level protection hydrogen storage system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The isolation component (4) located between the gas isolation area (5) and the spare leakage area (6) is provided with a safety explosion door (7).

4. The multi-level protection hydrogen storage system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The isolation device (3) is provided with a safety ignition valve (8) at a location located in the standby leakage zone (6).

5. The multi-level protection hydrogen storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multi-stage protection hydrogen storage system further comprises a hydrogen circulation pipeline (9), wherein the hydrogen circulation pipeline (9) is connected to the first storage device (1).

6. The multi-level protection hydrogen storage system according to claim 5, characterized in that: A sensor assembly (10) is provided on a hydrogen flow pipeline (9) close to the first storage device (1).

7. The multi-level protection hydrogen storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multi-stage protection hydrogen storage system further comprises a gas circulation pipeline (11), wherein the gas circulation pipeline (11) is connected to the gas isolation area (5).

8. The multi-level protection hydrogen storage system according to claim 7, characterized in that: A sensor assembly (10) is provided on the gas circulation pipeline (11).

9. The multi-level protection hydrogen storage system according to claim 2, characterized in that: A sensor assembly (10) is provided in the gap between the first storage device (1) and the second storage device (2); and / or, a sensor assembly (10) is provided in the gas isolation area (5); and / or, a sensor assembly (10) is provided in the spare leakage area (6); And / or, the first storage device (1), the second storage device (2) and the isolation component (4) are made of steel.

10. The multi-level protection hydrogen storage system according to claim 9, characterized in that: The sensor assembly (10) comprises at least a temperature sensor, a gas concentration sensor and a pressure sensor.

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