Continuous operation equipment for stepped disassembly and recovery of waste lithium batteries
By designing a step-by-step disassembly and recycling equipment for lithium batteries, the electrolyte is removed by using crushing and heating components, the problem of reduced temperature and incomplete combustion during incineration of lithium batteries is solved, which improves the incineration efficiency and reduces the treatment cost.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202421759426.0
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-07-24
- Publication Date
- 2025-06-24
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-07-24
AI Technical Summary
The electrolyte inside the lithium battery absorbs a lot of heat during incineration, causing the temperature of the incinerator to decrease, affect the combustion efficiency, and generate incomplete combustion smoke and particulate matter, affecting subsequent purification treatment.
A continuous operation equipment for the stage disassembly and recycling of waste lithium batteries is designed, including a crushing box and an incinerator, and the crushing and pretreatment of lithium battery fragments is achieved through the crushing assembly and heating assembly. The heating assembly removes the electrolyte from the lithium battery debris through a heat conduction tube and a heat discharge box, and magnetic rollers and feeding boxes are used for magnetic transport and collection of metals.
The electrolyte on the lithium battery debris is removed through pretreatment, the incineration efficiency is improved, the incomplete combustion smoke and particulate matter is reduced, the difficulty of subsequent purification treatment is reduced, and the cost of purchasing heating devices is reduced.
Smart Images
Figure CN223020290U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of waste lithium battery recycling, and particularly relates to a continuous operation device for step-by-step disassembly and recycling of waste lithium batteries. Background Art
[0002] Waste lithium battery recycling refers to the process of collecting, treating and resource utilization of used lithium batteries. With the wide application of lithium batteries in the fields of electric vehicles, electronic products, etc., the quantity of waste lithium batteries increases year by year, and their recycling and treatment become particularly important.
[0003] Many devices are needed in the process of waste lithium battery recycling. First, discharge and disassembly are carried out, and then the battery is crushed into small particles by a crusher through coarse crushing and fine crushing. The ferromagnetic materials are separated by a magnetic separation device, and different materials such as metals and plastics are separated by physical and specific gravity separation. The organic matters are removed by high-temperature pyrolysis and incineration in an incinerator, and valuable metals such as lithium, cobalt, nickel, etc. are recovered by chemical extraction and electrolysis. At the same time, waste water and waste gas are treated to ensure environmental protection standards. Finally, the recycled metals are refined and resource utilized to realize circular economy.
[0004] The deficiencies of the existing technical solutions are as follows: There are many electrolytes inside the lithium battery. These electrolytes will absorb a large amount of heat during incineration, resulting in a decrease in the temperature inside the incinerator, thus affecting the combustion efficiency. At the same time, due to the decrease in temperature, a large amount of incompletely combusted smoke and particulate matter will be generated after the electrolytes are added to the incineration, and these smoke and particulate matter have an adverse effect on the subsequent purification treatment. Content of the Utility Model
[0005] The purpose of the utility model is to provide a continuous operation device for step-by-step disassembly and recycling of waste lithium batteries, so as to solve the technical problem that there are many electrolytes inside the lithium battery in the prior art. These electrolytes will absorb a large amount of heat during incineration, resulting in a decrease in the temperature inside the incinerator, thus affecting the combustion efficiency.
[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the utility model can be realized by the following technical solutions:
[0007] A continuous operation device for stepped disassembly and recycling of waste lithium batteries, comprising a crushing box and an incinerator. A first feeding port is arranged on the side of the crushing box, and the incinerator is arranged on one side of the crushing box. A second feeding port is arranged on the side of the incinerator. The device further comprises a crushing assembly for crushing lithium batteries and a heating assembly for heating the crushed lithium battery fragments. The crushing assembly is arranged inside the crushing box, a guiding channel matched with the crushing assembly is fixedly arranged inside the crushing box, a conveyor belt is arranged on the guiding channel in a matching manner, the heating assembly is arranged on the crushing box, the output end of the heating assembly is matched with the guiding channel, a magnetic roller and a receiving box are arranged on the guiding channel, the receiving box is arranged in a matching manner with the magnetic roller, and the second feeding port is located at one end of the guiding channel far away from the crushing box.
[0008] As a further scheme of the utility model: the crushing assembly comprises a motor fixedly connected to the crushing box, a crushing cone is fixedly connected to the output end of the motor, a crushing seat matched with the crushing cone is fixedly connected inside the crushing box, and a discharge port is arranged at the bottom of the crushing seat.
[0009] As a further scheme of the utility model: the heating assembly comprises a heat conduction pipe, one end of the heat conduction pipe is arranged in an open manner and penetrates through the incinerator in the middle, the other end of the heat conduction pipe is fixedly connected with a heat discharge box, the heat discharge box is fixedly connected to the crushing box, and the output end of the heat discharge box is matched with the guiding channel.
[0010] As a further scheme of the utility model: a pressure roller matched with the conveyor belt is arranged on the guiding channel in a matching manner.
[0011] As a further scheme of the utility model: a support pipe matched with the guiding channel is fixedly connected to one side of the crushing box close to the incinerator, and an extension pipe matched with the second feeding port is slidably sleeved on the support pipe.
[0012] As a further scheme of the utility model: the receiving box is arranged at one end of the guiding channel close to the incinerator and is matched with the extension pipe.
[0013] The beneficial effects of the utility model:
[0014] 1. During the transportation of lithium battery fragments in the utility model, the heat discharge box can extract external air through the heat conduction pipe. When the heat conduction pipe passes through the incinerator, the temperature of the air inside the heat conduction pipe will rise. The high-temperature air acts on the lithium battery fragments on the conveyor belt through the heat discharge box, and the electrolyte on the fragments is removed by evaporation, thus realizing the pretreatment of the fragments without additional heating devices, reducing the purchase cost. There are many flexible films on the lithium battery fragments, and a large amount of electrolyte is adsorbed inside these flexible films. The pressure roller arranged on the guiding channel is responsible for squeezing out the electrolyte inside the flexible films, thereby improving the evaporation rate of the electrolyte and ensuring the cleaning effect.
[0015] 2. The utility model realizes the magnetic adsorption transportation of metals such as iron, nickel, and cobalt through a magnetic roller. The material receiving box scrapes the metals magnetically adsorbed on the magnetic roller from the side of the magnetic roller, thereby realizing the collection of these metals. After the treatment is completed, the extension pipe is pushed towards the crushing box, and the extension pipe will slide along the support pipe, thereby exposing the material receiving box located inside the extension pipe for facilitating the acquisition of metal fragments inside the material receiving box. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0016] The following further describes the utility model with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0017] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the utility model;
[0018] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the overall longitudinal sectional structure of the utility model;
[0019] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the utility model after the extension pipe is stored.
[0020] In the figure: 1. Crushing box; 2. First feeding port; 3. Motor; 4. Crushing cone; 5. Crushing seat; 6. Discharge port; 7. Heat discharge box; 8. Heat conduction pipe; 9. Material guiding channel; 10. Pressing roller; 11. Second feeding port; 12. Extension pipe; 13. Magnetic roller; 14. Material receiving box; 15. Conveyor belt; 16. Incinerator; 17. Support pipe. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS
[0021] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the utility model with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the utility model. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the utility model, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the utility model.
[0022] Such as Figures 1 - 3As shown in the figure, a continuous operation device for stepped disassembly and recycling of waste lithium batteries includes a crushing box 1 and an incinerator 16. A first feeding port 2 is provided on the side of the crushing box 1, and the incinerator 16 is arranged on one side of the crushing box 1. A second feeding port 11 is provided on the side of the incinerator 16. The device further includes a crushing component for crushing lithium batteries and a heating component for heating the crushed lithium battery fragments. The crushing component is cooperatively arranged inside the crushing box 1. A guiding channel 9 cooperatively matched with the crushing component is fixedly arranged inside the crushing box 1. A conveyor belt 15 is cooperatively arranged on the guiding channel 9, and the conveyor belt 15 is responsible for transporting the lithium battery fragments. The heating component is arranged on the crushing box 1, and the output end of the heating component is cooperatively matched with the guiding channel 9. The heating component is responsible for increasing the temperature inside the guiding channel 9. A magnetic roller 13 and a receiving box 14 are arranged on the guiding channel 9. The receiving box 14 is cooperatively arranged with the magnetic roller 13. The magnetic roller 13 can adsorb metal elements such as iron, nickel, and cobalt in the fragments, as well as alloys made of these metals. The receiving box 14 is responsible for recycling the metal elements adsorbed on the surface of the magnetic roller 13. The second feeding port 11 is located at one end of the guiding channel 9 away from the crushing box 1. During use, the discharged waste lithium batteries are put into the crushing box 1 through the first feeding port 2 and crushed by the crushing component. The waste lithium battery fragments will fall onto the conveyor belt 15. During the transportation of the conveyor belt 15, the heating component pre-treats the lithium battery fragments through the generated hot air flow, so that the internal electrolyte in the lithium battery fragments evaporates. The magnetic roller 13 realizes the magnetic adsorption transportation of metals such as iron, nickel, and cobalt. The receiving box 14 will scrape the metal magnetically adsorbed on the magnetic roller 13 from the side of the magnetic roller 13, thereby realizing the collection of these metals. The other parts of the waste lithium battery fragments will be transported into the second feeding port 11 and incinerated by the incinerator 16, thereby realizing operations such as crushing, transportation, electrolyte removal, partial metal collection, and incineration of waste lithium batteries.
[0023] In some specific implementation schemes, in order to realize the crushing of waste lithium batteries, the crushing component includes a motor 3 fixedly connected to the crushing box 1. The output end of the motor 3 is fixedly connected with a crushing cone 4. A crushing seat 5 cooperatively matched with the crushing cone 4 is fixedly connected inside the crushing box 1. A discharge port 6 is arranged at the bottom of the crushing seat 5. When it is necessary to crush waste lithium batteries, the motor 3 can be started. The motor 3 drives the crushing cone 4 to rotate. The waste lithium batteries are put into the crushing box 1 through the first feeding port 2. The waste lithium batteries will enter between the crushing cone 4 and the crushing seat 5 and be squeezed and torn under the action of the crushing cone 4 and the crushing seat 5. The fragments squeezed and torn into a certain volume will fall onto the conveyor belt 15 from the discharge port 6, thereby realizing the crushing of waste lithium batteries.
[0024] In some specific embodiments, in order to remove the electrolyte existing in the lithium battery fragments, the heating assembly includes a heat conduction tube 8. One end of the heat conduction tube 8 is open, and it penetrates through the incinerator 16 in the middle. The other end of the heat conduction tube 8 is fixedly connected to a heat discharge box 7. Inside the heat discharge box 7, there is a blower with an output port facing the material guiding channel 9. The heat discharge box 7 is fixedly connected to the crushing box 1, and the output end of the heat discharge box 7 is matched with the material guiding channel 9. During the crushing process of the lithium battery fragments, the electrolyte inside them will flow out. After the heat discharge box 7 is started, outside air is extracted through the heat conduction tube 8. When the heat conduction tube 8 passes through the incinerator 16, the temperature of the air inside the heat conduction tube 8 will rise. This high-temperature air acts on the lithium battery fragments on the conveyor belt 15 through the heat discharge box 7, and the electrolyte on the fragments is removed by evaporation, thus realizing the pretreatment of the fragments without the need to separately configure a heating device and reducing the purchase cost.
[0025] In some specific embodiments, in order to improve the evaporation rate of the electrolyte, a pressure roller 10 matched with the conveyor belt 15 is arranged on the material guiding channel 9. An electric device is arranged on one side of the pressure roller 10 to facilitate maintaining the rotating state of the pressure roller 10. There are many flexible films on the lithium battery fragments, and a large amount of electrolyte is adsorbed inside these flexible films. The electrolyte inside the flexible films is extruded out through the pressure roller 10, thereby improving the evaporation rate of the electrolyte and ensuring the cleaning effect.
[0026] In some specific embodiments, in order to reduce the influence of the air flow inside the transportation channel on the external environment, a support tube 17 matched with the material guiding channel 9 is fixedly connected to one side of the crushing box 1 close to the incinerator 16. A telescopic tube 12 matched with the second feeding port 11 is slidably sleeved on the support tube 17. Both the support tube 17 and the telescopic tube 12 are installed around the side of the material guiding channel 9, and the telescopic tube 12 can be docked with the second feeding port 11. During operation, the telescopic tube 12 needs to be docked with the second feeding port 11 to ensure the sealing effect at the docking position. The material guiding channel 9 extends through the crushing box 1, the support tube 17, and the telescopic tube 12 in sequence, and finally enters the inside of the second feeding port 11. The support tube 17 and the telescopic tube 12 are arranged around the material guiding channel 9, thereby reducing the influence of the air flow inside the support tube 17 and the telescopic tube 12 on the external environment.
[0027] In some specific embodiments, in order to facilitate obtaining the fragments stored in the receiving box 14, the receiving box 14 is arranged at one end of the material guiding channel 9 close to the incinerator 16 and is matched with the telescopic tube 12. After the waste battery is processed, the telescopic tube 12 is pushed towards the crushing box 1, and the telescopic tube 12 will slide along the support tube 17, thereby exposing the receiving box 14 inside the telescopic tube 12 to facilitate obtaining the metal fragments inside the receiving box 14.
[0028] To facilitate the understanding of the embodiments of this solution by those skilled in the art, the working principle of the embodiments of this solution will be described below in combination with a specific application scenario:
[0029] During use, the discharged waste lithium battery is put into the interior of the crushing box 1 through the first feeding port 2. The motor 3 is started, and the motor 3 drives the crushing cone 4 to rotate. The waste lithium battery is put into the interior of the crushing box 1 through the first feeding port 2. The waste lithium battery will enter between the crushing cone 4 and the crushing seat 5, and is squeezed and torn under the action of the crushing cone 4 and the crushing seat 5. The fragments with a certain volume after being squeezed and torn will fall onto the conveyor belt 15 from the discharge port 6, thereby realizing the crushing of the waste lithium battery. During the process of the fragments being conveyed by the conveyor belt 15, the heat discharge box 7 is started, and the outside air is extracted through the heat conduction pipe 8. When the heat conduction pipe 8 passes through the incinerator 16, the temperature of the air inside the heat conduction pipe 8 will rise. This high-temperature air acts on the lithium battery fragments on the conveyor belt 15 through the heat discharge box 7, and the electrolyte on the fragments is removed by evaporation, thereby realizing the pretreatment of the fragments. There is no need to separately configure a heating device, reducing the purchase cost. There are many flexible films on the lithium battery fragments, and a large amount of electrolyte is adsorbed inside these flexible films. The pressing roller 10 is responsible for squeezing out the electrolyte inside the flexible films, thereby improving the evaporation rate of the electrolyte and ensuring the cleaning effect. The magnetic roller 13 is used to magnetically transport metals such as iron, nickel, and cobalt. The receiving box 14 will scrape off the metals magnetically adsorbed on the magnetic roller 13 from the side of the magnetic roller 13, thereby realizing the collection of these metals. The other parts of the waste lithium battery fragments will be transported into the second feeding port 11 and incinerated through the incinerator 16, thereby realizing operations such as crushing, transportation, electrolyte removal, partial metal collection, and incineration of the waste lithium battery;
[0030] During operation, the extension pipe 12 needs to be docked with the second feeding port 11 to ensure the sealing effect of the docking position, thereby reducing the influence of the airflow inside the support pipe 17 and the extension pipe 12 on the external environment. After the waste battery treatment is completed, the extension pipe 12 is pushed towards the crushing box 1, and the extension pipe 12 will slide along the support pipe 17, thereby exposing the receiving box 14 located inside the extension pipe 12 to facilitate the acquisition of the metal fragments inside the receiving box 14.
[0031] The above has described an embodiment of the present invention in detail, but the content described is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention and cannot be considered as used to limit the scope of implementation of the present invention. All equivalent changes and improvements made according to the scope of the application of the present invention should still fall within the scope covered by the patent of the present invention.
Claims
1. A waste lithium battery cascade disassembly and recycling continuous operation equipment, comprising a crushing box (1) and an incinerator (16), wherein the crushing box (1) is provided with a first feed inlet (2) on the side, the incinerator (16) is arranged on one side of the crushing box (1), and the incinerator (16) is provided with a second feed inlet (11) on the side, characterized in that: Also includes: A pulverizing component for pulverizing lithium batteries and a heating component for heating the pulverized lithium battery fragments, the pulverizing component being arranged in cooperation with the inside of a pulverizing box (1), the inside of the pulverizing box (1) being fixedly provided with a material guide channel (9) which cooperates with the pulverizing component, the material guide channel (9) being provided with a conveyor belt (15), the heating component being arranged on the pulverizing box (1), the output end of the heating component being provided with a cooperation with the material guide channel (9), the material guide channel (9) being provided with a magnetic roller (13) and a material receiving box (14), the material receiving box (14) being provided in cooperation with the magnetic roller (13), the second material inlet (11) being located at the end of the material guide channel (9) which is away from the pulverizing box (1).
2. The waste lithium battery cascade disassembly and recycling continuous operation equipment according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The pulverizing assembly comprises a motor (3) fixedly connected to a pulverizing box (1); a pulverizing cone (4) is fixedly connected to the output end of the motor (3); a pulverizing seat (5) matched with the pulverizing cone (4) is fixedly connected inside the pulverizing box (1); and a discharge port (6) is arranged at the bottom of the pulverizing seat (5).
3. The waste lithium battery cascade disassembly and recycling continuous operation equipment according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The heating assembly comprises a heat conducting pipe (8), one end of the heat conducting pipe (8) is open and the middle part passes through the incinerator (16), the other end of the heat conducting pipe (8) is fixedly connected to a heat exhaust box (7), the heat exhaust box (7) is fixedly connected to the crushing box (1), and the output end of the heat exhaust box (7) cooperates with the material guide channel (9).
4. The waste lithium battery cascade disassembly and recycling continuous operation equipment according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The material guiding channel (9) is provided with a pressure roller (10) which cooperates with the conveyor belt (15).
5. The waste lithium battery cascade disassembly and recycling continuous operation equipment according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A support pipe (17) matching with the material guide channel (9) is fixedly connected to the crushing box (1) on one side close to the incinerator (16), and an extension pipe (12) matching with the second material inlet (11) is slidably sleeved on the support pipe (17).
6. The waste lithium battery cascade disassembly and recycling continuous operation equipment according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The material receiving box (14) is arranged at one end of the material guiding channel (9) close to the incinerator (16) and is matched with the extension pipe (12).