Novel flame-retardant photovoltaic panel and photovoltaic module

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of photovoltaic products, and specifically discloses a novel flame-retardant photovoltaic panel and a photovoltaic assembly. The novel flame-retardant photovoltaic panel comprises a smoke suppression barrier layer, and a flame-retardant layer and a bonding layer are sequentially laminated on the inner surface of the smoke suppression barrier layer; the smoke suppression barrier layer, the flame retardant layer and the bonding layer are of an integrated structure formed through co-extrusion. An anti-fingerprint layer making contact with outside air is further arranged on the outer surface of the smoke suppression blocking layer. According to the novel flame-retardant photovoltaic panel, fingerprints are not prone to being left in the carrying and assembling process, the light transmittance is good, the weather resistance is good, the water vapor barrier property is high, the flame-retardant smoke suppression effect is good, the V-0 level is achieved after a combustion test, the cohesiveness with a packaging adhesive film is good, the long-acting structural stability and reliability of the novel flame-retardant photovoltaic panel are better, the structure is simple, cost is low, and the novel flame-retardant photovoltaic panel is suitable for popularization and application. The coating plate can replace a traditional coating plate for use, and the service life of a photovoltaic module in a long-term outdoor environment can be prolonged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of photovoltaic products, in particular to a novel flame-retardant photovoltaic board and a photovoltaic module. Background Art

[0002] For a solar photovoltaic board, taking the photovoltaic backplane as an example, it is located on the back of the photovoltaic module and plays a role in supporting and protecting the battery cells. During actual use, due to possible defects in the photovoltaic module materials, system design, foreign object occlusion, etc., the photovoltaic module may have phenomena such as bulging and hot plates, and even local high-temperature points may cause the photovoltaic module to burn through or catch fire, resulting in immeasurable economic losses and environmental damage; therefore, it is necessary to improve the flame retardancy and heat resistance of the photovoltaic board.

[0003] Therefore, the publicly disclosed CN215731742U discloses a middle-layer integrated solar cell backplane, the middle layer of which includes a first base material layer, a first heat dissipation layer, a second base material layer, a second heat dissipation layer, and an insulating layer arranged in sequence from top to bottom. Each layer is adhered by an adhesive. A flame retardant coating is coated on the upper surface of the first base material layer, and an air surface coating is coated on the lower surface of the insulating layer; the air surface coating is a fluoropolymer, and the flame retardant coating is a fluoropolymer added with a composite flame retardant. The flame retardancy level of this solar cell backplane is improved, and it can also isolate water vapor and ultraviolet rays.

[0004] However, for this solar cell backplane, the adhesion between the layers in the middle layer needs to rely on an adhesive to achieve bonding. During long-term use in an outdoor environment, the adhesive is prone to aging, resulting in easy delamination between the layers, which in turn affects the long-term structural stability and reliability of this solar cell backplane. Moreover, delamination will also cause the coated flame retardant coating and air surface coating to be easily peeled off, which will greatly reduce the long-term water vapor barrier performance, flame retardancy, etc. of the solar cell backplane, and this will reduce the service life of the photovoltaic module. In addition, the layered structure of this solar cell backplane is extremely complex, the raw material input cost is high, and the manufacturing process is complex and the manufacturing cost is also high, which greatly increases the cost of this solar cell backplane. Summary of the Utility Model

[0005] The purpose of the utility model is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a novel flame-retardant photovoltaic board and a photovoltaic module.

[0006] Based on this, the utility model discloses a novel flame-retardant photovoltaic board, which includes a smoke suppression and barrier layer, and a flame retardant layer and a bonding layer are sequentially laminated on the inner surface of the smoke suppression and barrier layer; the smoke suppression and barrier layer, the flame retardant layer and the bonding layer are an integrally co-extruded structure;

[0007] A fingerprint-proof layer in contact with the external air is further provided on the outer surface of the smoke suppression and barrier layer.

[0008] Preferably, the smoke suppression and barrier layer includes a phenolic resin composite PET layer and a PEN layer provided on the outer surface of the phenolic resin composite PET layer.

[0009] More preferably, the thickness of the phenolic resin composite PET layer is 50 - 100 μm; the thickness of the PEN layer is 25 - 50 μm.

[0010] Preferably, the flame retardant layer is an inorganic phosphorus - nitrogen - based flame retardant PBT layer.

[0011] More preferably, the thickness of the flame retardant layer is 100 - 200 μm.

[0012] Preferably, the adhesive layer is a polyethylene graft maleic anhydride layer.

[0013] More preferably, the thickness of the adhesive layer is 50 - 100 μm.

[0014] Preferably, the fingerprint - proof layer is an anti - ultraviolet fingerprint - proof layer with a thickness of 10 - 20 nm.

[0015] More preferably, the fingerprint - proof layer is a silane - modified fluorocarbon coating applied on the outer surface of the smoke suppression and barrier layer.

[0016] The present utility model also discloses a photovoltaic module, which includes a photovoltaic front plate, a first encapsulation adhesive film, a battery cell, a second encapsulation adhesive film, and a photovoltaic back plate stacked in sequence; the photovoltaic back plate and / or the photovoltaic front plate is a novel flame - retardant photovoltaic board as described above in the content of the present utility model, and the fingerprint - proof layer contacts the external air, while the adhesive layer bonds the second encapsulation adhesive film and / or the first encapsulation adhesive film.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present utility model has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0018] The novel flame - retardant photovoltaic board of the present utility model has an integrated structure formed by co - extrusion: a smoke suppression and barrier layer, a flame retardant layer, and an adhesive layer, and is further combined with a fingerprint - proof layer that contacts the external air; thus, during the handling and assembly process of the novel flame - retardant photovoltaic board, it is not easy to leave fingerprints, has good light transmittance, good weather resistance, high water vapor barrier property, good flame retardant and smoke suppression effects, reaches V - 0 level after combustion testing, has good adhesion to the encapsulation adhesive film, has better long - term structural stability and reliability, simpler preparation process, simpler structure, lower cost, can replace traditional coated plates, and can improve the service life of photovoltaic modules in the long - term outdoor environment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 It is a schematic cross - sectional structure diagram of a novel flame - retardant photovoltaic board of this embodiment.

[0020] Figure 2Schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of another new type of flame-retardant photovoltaic board of this embodiment.

[0021] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: Adhesive layer 1; Flame-retardant layer 2; Smoke suppression and barrier layer 3; PEN layer 31; Phenolic resin composite PET layer 32; Anti-fingerprint layer 4. Specific implementation manners

[0022] In order to make the above objects, features and advantages of the present utility model more obvious and understandable, the present utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific implementation manners.

[0023] Embodiment

[0024] A new type of flame-retardant photovoltaic board of this embodiment, see Figure 1-2 , including a smoke suppression and barrier layer 3, on the inner surface of the smoke suppression and barrier layer 3, a flame-retardant layer 2 and an adhesive layer 1 for bonding and encapsulating the adhesive film are sequentially laminated; and the smoke suppression and barrier layer 3, the flame-retardant layer 2 and the adhesive layer 1 are an integrally formed structure by three-layer co-extrusion molding; on the outer surface of the smoke suppression and barrier layer 3, there is also an anti-fingerprint layer 4 in contact with the external air.

[0025] It should be noted that the main types of photovoltaic boards on the market currently are coating-type boards, composite-type boards and co-extrusion-type boards. The coating-type boards mainly coat fluorocarbon coatings on the surface of PET substrates (while the composite-type boards mainly use adhesives to bond the fluorocarbon film and the PET substrate into one body). The preparation processes of these two types of photovoltaic boards (i.e., coating-type boards and composite-type boards) are complex, which affects the qualified rate of finished products, increases the production cost, and during the long-term outdoor environment use process, there are also problems such as the decrease in the adhesion of the coating or film material, which is likely to cause delamination and peeling between layers, and makes the photovoltaic board lose its protective effect.

[0026] For the new type of flame-retardant photovoltaic board of this embodiment, its smoke suppression and barrier layer 3, flame-retardant layer 2 and adhesive layer 1 are an integrally formed structure by three-layer co-extrusion molding. This can not only simplify the preparation process of the new type of flame-retardant photovoltaic board and reduce the production cost; and the formed integrally formed structure can also effectively avoid problems such as delamination and functional failure during the long-term outdoor environment use process. The long-term structural stability and reliability of this new type of flame-retardant photovoltaic board are better, and thus can greatly improve the service life of the new type of flame-retardant photovoltaic board and photovoltaic modules. Moreover, compared with the solar cell backplane of CN215731742U, the structure of the new type of flame-retardant photovoltaic board of this embodiment is simpler and the cost is lower.

[0027] Among them, the anti-fingerprint layer 4 is an anti-ultraviolet anti-fingerprint layer. Furthermore, the anti-fingerprint layer 4 is a silane-modified fluorocarbon coating coated (such as sprayed) on the outer surface of the smoke suppression barrier layer 3. The anti-fingerprint layer 4 is in contact with the outside air, so the anti-fingerprint layer 4 will also directly contact the sunlight. Therefore, an anti-ultraviolet anti-fingerprint layer (such as a silane-modified fluorocarbon coating) is preferred, which can effectively prevent ultraviolet light from entering the interior of the new flame-retardant photovoltaic plate and improve the anti-ultraviolet performance and weather resistance of the new flame-retardant photovoltaic plate; it can also effectively avoid leaving marks and stains during transportation, which affects the product appearance and light transmittance of the new flame-retardant photovoltaic plate and photovoltaic components.

[0028] Specifically, in order to take both product performance and cost into consideration, the thickness of the anti-fingerprint layer 4 is preferably 10-20 nm (eg, 10 nm, 13 nm, 15 nm, 16 nm, 18 nm or 20 nm).

[0029] The smoke suppression barrier layer 3 includes a phenolic resin composite PET layer 32 and a PEN layer 31 (such as Figure 2 As shown). The material used for the phenolic resin composite PET layer 32 is an existing composite material of phenolic resin and PET. PET, as a substrate, mainly plays a supporting role; phenolic resin has good dimensional stability, high carbon residue rate, less smoke generation, high thermal decomposition temperature, and good heat resistance; PEN has good water vapor barrier. Therefore, the smoke suppression barrier layer 3 adopts the PEN layer 31 and the phenolic resin composite PET layer 32, which can effectively improve the heat insulation, flame retardancy, smoke suppression and water vapor barrier properties of the new flame retardant photovoltaic panel, and PEN and PET have similar chemical structures, good compatibility, good interlayer bonding performance, and a more stable and reliable structure.

[0030] Specifically, in order to take into account both product performance and cost considerations, the thickness of the phenolic resin composite PET layer 32 is 50-100 μm (such as 50 μm, 60 μm, 70 μm, 80 μm, 90 μm or 100 μm); and the thickness of the PEN layer 31 is 25-50 μm (such as 25 μm, 30 μm, 35 μm, 40 μm, 45 μm or 50 μm).

[0031] Among them, the flame retardant layer 2 is an inorganic phosphorus nitrogen flame retardant PBT layer. The thickness of the flame retardant layer 2 is 100-200μm (such as 100μm, 120μm, 130μm, 150μm, 160μm, 180μm or 200μm). PBT, as the base material of the flame retardant layer 2, has good compatibility with PET, can improve the interlayer bonding performance, and make the structure more stable and reliable. Moreover, the combustion heat of PBT itself is higher than that of PET, and it is more difficult to burn, which can effectively curb the burning speed; and compared with conventional flame retardant PBT layers, the inorganic phosphorus nitrogen flame retardant PBT layer has the dual effects of gas phase flame retardancy and condensed phase flame retardancy, and has better flame retardant properties, which can further improve the flame retardant grade of the new flame retardant photovoltaic panel.

[0032] Among them, the bonding layer 1 is a polyethylene graft maleic anhydride layer. The thickness of the bonding layer 1 is 50 - 100 μm (50 μm, 60 μm, 70 μm, 80 μm, 90 μm or 100 μm). The polyethylene graft maleic anhydride layer is closely connected to an encapsulation film such as ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), and the bonding performance between the two is good. Moreover, the polyethylene graft maleic anhydride layer also has good bonding performance with the inorganic phosphorus-nitrogen based flame retardant PBT layer.

[0033] In summary, this new type of flame retardant photovoltaic board is not easy to leave fingerprints during handling and assembly, has good light transmittance, good ultraviolet resistance and weather resistance, high water vapor barrier property, good flame retardant and smoke suppression effect, reaches V-0 level after combustion test, has good bonding property with the encapsulation film, has better long-term structural stability and reliability, simpler preparation process, simpler structure and lower cost, can replace traditional coated boards, and can improve the service life of photovoltaic modules in the long-term outdoor environment.

[0034] A photovoltaic module of this embodiment includes a photovoltaic front board, a first encapsulation film, a battery cell, a second encapsulation film and a photovoltaic backboard which are stacked in sequence; the photovoltaic backboard and / or the photovoltaic front board is the new type of flame retardant photovoltaic board described above in this embodiment, and the fingerprint-proof layer 4 contacts the external air, while the bonding layer 1 contacts and adheres to the second encapsulation film and / or the first encapsulation film. Among them, the first encapsulation film, the battery cell and the second encapsulation film all refer to the prior art, so they will not be elaborated here.

[0035] Although the preferred embodiments of the embodiments of the present invention have been described, those skilled in the art can make additional changes and modifications to these embodiments once they know the basic creative concept. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted to include the preferred embodiments and all changes and modifications falling within the scope of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0036] The technical solutions provided by the present invention have been introduced in detail above. Specific examples are used in this article to elaborate the principle and implementation manner of the present invention. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method and its core idea of the present invention; at the same time, for those of ordinary skill in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation manner and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.

Claims

1. A new flame-retardant photovoltaic panel, characterized in that: It comprises a smoke suppression barrier layer, the inner surface of which is sequentially laminated with a flame retardant layer and an adhesive layer; the smoke suppression barrier layer, the flame retardant layer and the adhesive layer are an integrated structure formed by co-extrusion; The outer surface of the smoke suppression barrier layer is also provided with an anti-fingerprint layer that contacts the external air.

2. A novel flame-retardant photovoltaic panel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The smoke suppression barrier layer comprises a phenolic resin composite PET layer and a PEN layer arranged on the outer surface of the phenolic resin composite PET layer.

3. A novel flame-retardant photovoltaic panel according to claim 2, characterized in that: The thickness of the phenolic resin composite PET layer is 50-100 μm; the thickness of the PEN layer is 25-50 μm.

4. The novel flame-retardant photovoltaic panel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flame retardant layer is an inorganic phosphorus-nitrogen flame retardant PBT layer.

5. A novel flame-retardant photovoltaic panel according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that: The thickness of the flame retardant layer is 100-200 μm.

6. The novel flame-retardant photovoltaic panel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bonding layer is a polyethylene grafted maleic anhydride layer.

7. A novel flame-retardant photovoltaic panel according to claim 1 or 6, characterized in that: The thickness of the bonding layer is 50-100 μm.

8. The novel flame-retardant photovoltaic panel according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anti-fingerprint layer is an anti-ultraviolet anti-fingerprint layer, and its thickness is 10-20nm.

9. A novel flame-retardant photovoltaic panel according to claim 1 or 8, characterized in that: The anti-fingerprint layer is a silane-modified fluorocarbon coating applied to the outer surface of the smoke suppression barrier layer.

10. A photovoltaic module, comprising a photovoltaic front panel, a first packaging film, a battery cell, a second packaging film and a photovoltaic back panel stacked in sequence; characterized in that: The photovoltaic back sheet and / or photovoltaic front sheet is a new type of flame-retardant photovoltaic sheet as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, and the anti-fingerprint layer is in contact with the external air, while the adhesive layer is bonded to the second packaging film and / or the first packaging film.

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