Laser processing head and laser processing device for processing in narrow space

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the technical field of laser processing, and particularly relates to a laser processing head and a laser processing device for processing in a narrow space. The distance detection module is arranged to ensure that the processing nozzle, the wire feeding structure and the air feeding structure of the laser processing head are always kept in a non-contact state with the workpiece in the welding process, the limitation that the laser processing head in the prior art can only process a processing environment with a large welding seam included angle is broken through, and meanwhile, the laser processing head can also be suitable for irregular workpiece surfaces. In addition, a safety detection module is arranged to prevent the safety problem caused by misoperation of a user, and the safety of laser beam output is ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of laser processing, and in particular relates to a laser processing head and a laser processing device for processing in a narrow space. Background Art

[0002] Welding technology is becoming increasingly popular in the market. As user needs change, the operating environment of handheld laser processing heads has become increasingly complex, which in turn has exposed the defects of laser processing heads in current technology.

[0003] During use, due to the large size of the laser processing head's light output end, this type of product can only process products with large processing angles, which will be limited to processing in some confined spaces. Due to the site, it is necessary to optimize the laser processing head to address this problem. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of the utility model is to provide a laser processing head and a laser processing device for processing in a narrow space, aiming to solve the problem in the prior art that the use scenarios of the laser processing head are greatly limited.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a laser processing head for processing in a narrow space, the laser processing head comprising:

[0006] Processing head body;

[0007] A processing nozzle connected to the light-emitting end of the processing head body;

[0008] A wire feeding structure, provided on the processing head body, for feeding welding wire toward the workpiece;

[0009] The air supply structure is provided on the processing head body and is used to output a protective air flow toward the workpiece;

[0010] A distance detection module is provided on the processing nozzle or the processing head body to detect the real-time distance between the processing nozzle, the wire feeding structure, the gas feeding structure and the position to be detected, and maintain it within a predetermined range;

[0011] The safety detection module is arranged on the processing nozzle or the processing head body, and the output end of the safety detection module is arranged toward the light emitting direction, so as to detect whether the light emitting end face of the processing nozzle is facing the workpiece.

[0012] In one embodiment, the laser processing head comprises:

[0013] The laser emission module is arranged inside the processing head body and is used to emit a laser beam;

[0014] The visible light emitting module arranged inside the processing head body is used to emit a visible light beam coaxial with the laser beam.

[0015] In one embodiment, the processing nozzle includes:

[0016] A first flow channel, arranged along the axial direction of the processing nozzle, for emitting a laser beam acting on the spot action position and outputting a first air flow;

[0017] A second flow channel group, independently arranged beside the first flow channel. The second flow channel group includes at least one flow channel for outputting a second air flow. The opening direction of the flow channel intersects the axial direction of the processing nozzle, and the second air flow conveyed by the flow channel acts on the front side and / or the rear side of the spot action position at the workpiece weld. The first air flow and the second air flow do not interfere with each other.

[0018] In one embodiment, the projected area of the air flow layer formed by the first air flow and the second air flow covering the workpiece surface is greater than or equal to the area where the surface temperature field of the workpiece is located.

[0019] In one embodiment, the first flow channel and the flow channel for outputting the second air flow are respectively and correspondingly communicated with a first extension part arranged towards the workpiece weld; the first extension part can be telescoped along its extension direction and the inner diameter size can be adjusted.

[0020] In one embodiment, the safety detection module is a radar module, a material identification module or a camera module.

[0021] In one embodiment, the processing nozzle further includes a wire guiding channel and a second extension part that are communicated with each other. The second extension part protrudes relative to the extension direction of the wire guiding channel, and the wire guiding channel is communicated with the wire feeding pipe of the wire feeding structure.

[0022] In one embodiment, the second extension part can be telescoped along its extension direction and the aperture size can be adjusted.

[0023] In one embodiment, the wire feeding pipe is built-in or external to the processing head body. When the wire feeding pipe is external to the processing head body, the wire feeding pipe is located on any side of the circumferential direction of the processing head body and can be rotationally adjusted around the circumferential direction of the processing head body.

[0024] On the other hand, a laser processing device is proposed. The laser processing device includes the laser processing head in the above technical solution.

[0025] The utility model has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0026] By setting the distance detection module, the utility model ensures that the processing nozzle, the wire feeding structure and the air feeding structure of the laser processing head always keep a non-contact state with the workpiece during the welding process, breaking the limitation of the existing laser processing head that can only process the processing environment with a large weld angle, and at the same time can also be applicable to the irregular workpiece surface. In addition, by setting the safety detection module, the safety problems caused by the user's misoperation are prevented, and the safety of the laser beam output is ensured. Description of the Drawings

[0027] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0028] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the processing nozzle;

[0029] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the laser processing head;

[0030] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the processing nozzle during processing.

[0031] Among them, the reference numerals in the figures:

[0032] 10, the first flow channel; 200, the first extension; 21, the second flow channel; 40, the inclined surface avoidance part; 501, the second extension; 8, the wire feeding tube; 91, the distance detection module; 92, the safety detection module. Detailed implementation manners

[0033] The following will describe in detail the embodiments of the present invention. The examples of the embodiments are shown in the drawings, where the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar elements or elements with the same or similar functions from beginning to end. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are exemplary and are intended to explain the present invention, but should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

[0034] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "length", "width", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

[0035] In addition, the terms "first", "second", etc. are only used for descriptive purposes and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with "first", "second", etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of such features. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more, unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0036] In the present utility model, unless otherwise clearly specified and defined, terms such as "installation", "connection", "linkage", "fixation" shall be understood in a broad sense. For example, it may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral body; it may be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it may be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, and it may be the communication inside two components or the interaction relationship between two components. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present utility model can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0037] Based on the background art, a wire feeding structure, a gas feeding structure, etc. are provided at the light emitting end of the existing laser processing head, making its structural volume relatively large, resulting in that such products can only process workpieces with a relatively large included angle where the welds are located, and there will be limitations for the processing environment in some narrow space scenarios.

[0038] As Figure 3 shown, the understanding of the narrow space scenario is as follows: the splicing included angle between workpieces is less than 90 degrees; or there are obstructions from other components in the space where the weld is located, resulting in that the laser processing head is prone to interference with other components and thus cannot be operated flexibly, or resulting in relatively low welding quality of the laser processing head.

[0039] The position to be detected: includes but is not limited to the workpiece surface in the workpiece processing area, the workpiece weld, and other components in the space where the weld is located.

[0040] Therefore, the present application proposes a laser processing head for narrow space processing to address this problem.

[0041] The laser processing head of the present application is applicable to laser wire filling welding and is universal in the handheld laser field or automated laser processing equipment.

[0042] The laser processing head for narrow space processing of the present application includes a processing head body, a processing nozzle, a wire feeding structure, a gas feeding structure, a distance detection module 91, and a safety detection module 92. Among them, the processing nozzle is communicated with the light emitting end of the processing head body; the wire feeding structure is built-in or external to the processing head body. The gas feeding structure is built-in or external to the processing head body.

[0043] Among them, the distance detection module 91 is arranged on the processing nozzle or the processing head body to detect the real-time distances between the processing nozzle, the wire feeding structure, and the gas feeding structure and the position to be detected respectively, so as to ensure that there is always a corresponding predetermined distance between the processing nozzle, the wire feeding structure, the gas feeding structure and the workpiece processing area, that is, a non-contact state. When actually applied to welding in a narrow space, any one of the processing nozzle, the wire feeding structure, and the gas feeding structure does not interfere with the position to be detected (including but not limited to the workpiece surface, the workpiece weld seam, and other components in the space where the seam is located) of the workpiece processing area. The operating posture, angle, etc. of the laser processing head are not restricted to ensure the consistency of the welding quality. In addition, the laser processing head can be directly output with a laser beam, a protective gas flow, and welding materials for processing without overlapping on the workpiece when there is a certain distance between the laser processing head and its components (processing nozzle, wire feeding structure, and gas feeding structure) and the workpiece weld seam.

[0044] Among them, in order to prevent the user's misoperation from causing injury to personnel, a safety detection module 92 is arranged on the processing nozzle or the processing head body. The output end of the safety detection module 92 is arranged towards the light-emitting direction to detect whether the light-emitting end face of the processing nozzle faces the workpiece. When the light-emitting end of the processing nozzle faces the workpiece, it controls the laser emission module to emit light, so as to reduce the occurrence of the safety problem that the laser is emitted towards people due to misoperation.

[0045] Optionally, the safety detection module 92 can also be a material identification module, an identification module with marks (marking beside the weld seam and judging the area to be processed and the non-processing area through a camera).

[0046] In summary, the present application ensures that the processing nozzle, the wire feeding structure, and the gas feeding structure of the laser processing head always maintain a non-contact state with the workpiece during the welding process by setting the distance detection module 91, breaking the limitation of the existing technology that the laser processing head can only process the processing environment with a large included angle of the weld seam, and at the same time can also be applied to the irregular workpiece surface (without the support point of the laser processing head). In addition, by setting the safety detection module 92, the safety problem caused by the user's misoperation is prevented, ensuring the safety of the laser beam output.

[0047] Inside the processing head body, there is a laser emission module for emitting a laser beam: QBH module or QCS module, and the laser beam is emitted from inside the processing head body towards the processing nozzle. The laser beam is emitted from the processing nozzle towards the area to be processed of the workpiece.

[0048] Optionally, the laser processing head further includes a visible light emission module disposed inside the processing head body. The visible light emission module is used to emit a visible light beam coaxial with the laser beam. Before outputting the laser beam, a visible light beam can be output for focus alignment and focal length adjustment of the laser beam. Moreover, during the processing, the visible light beam can be always working. Since there is a predetermined distance between the processing nozzle of the laser processing head and the workpiece, the visible light beam can facilitate the user to visually observe the real-time position of the light spot, avoiding deviation between the acting position of the laser beam spot and the weld due to hand shaking or other reasons.

[0049] Optionally, the visible light beam can be a red light, a green light or other visible light beams visible to the naked eye.

[0050] Optionally, the processing nozzle includes at least two air flow channels for outputting a protective air flow. At least one air flow channel is used to emit the laser beam to the area to be processed of the workpiece, and the other air flow channel is used to output the second air flow 32.

[0051] Specifically, the processing nozzle includes a first flow channel 10 provided thereon, and both ends of the first flow channel 10 and the second flow channel group are through. The first flow channel 10 is through along the axial direction of the processing nozzle (i.e., the laser emission direction) for simultaneously outputting the first air flow 31 and the laser beam for processing the workpiece weld. Among them, the second flow channel group includes at least one flow channel for outputting the second air flow 32. The second air flow 32 output by the flow channels of the second flow channel group can selectively act on the front end or the rear end of the light spot acting position on the weld. Among them, the light spot acting position and its rear end area form a specified area, that is, a specific temperature area or temperature field. The second air flow 32 and the first air flow 31 form an air flow layer on the surface of the temperature field of the processing surface (area to be processed) to prevent oxidation and isolation of the internal and external temperature areas of the molten pool. While ensuring the effect of isolating the plasma cloud and air, the air flow consumption of the protective gas is saved to the greatest extent, achieving a beautiful weld and having significant economic benefits.

[0052] In other embodiments, the flow channels of the second flow channel group are configured as: when there are multiple spaced and independently arranged second flow channels 21, such as Figure 1 being the second flow channel 21a and the second flow channel 21b for respectively outputting the second air flow 32a and the second air flow 32b. Based on this, the second flow channel 21a and the second flow channel 21b are symmetrically distributed with the perpendicular line passing through the center point of the outlet of the first flow channel 10 as the symmetry line. The second air flow 32a and the second air flow 32b jointly act on a specific area on the rear side weld surface of the light spot acting position, that is, the rear area of the molten pool.

[0053] Compared with the prior art solution of blowing air flow over a large area on the entire weld surface area, this solution accurately adapts to the temperature field, greatly saves the gas consumption, and can effectively improve the stability of the molten pool and the processing quality.

[0054] Optionally, the projected area of the covering shape of the second air flow 32 and the first air flow 31 on the processing surface is larger than the area of the specific temperature region (temperature field) of the processing surface, so as to ensure that the air flow layer can cover the molten pool near the weld.

[0055] Optionally, the processing nozzle is provided with an extension part, the extension part includes a first extension part 200, and each flow channel outlet of the first flow channel 10 and the second flow channel group is provided with a first extension part 200, so as to convey the corresponding protective air flow farther and closer to the surface of the area to be processed of the workpiece, which can effectively prevent the overflow of the protective air flow, improve the utilization rate of the protective air flow, and save the consumption of the protective gas. The user can replace the first extension part 200 with different specifications according to different processing scenarios and processing distances.

[0056] Optionally, the extension part includes a second extension part 501, and the second extension part 501 and the wire guiding channel 50 are in one-to-one communication with each other.

[0057] Optionally, the second extension part 501 is arranged in a structure of multiple nested layers inside and outside in sequence, and the second extension part 501 at the outermost end can be pushed out of the inner cavity of the adjacent previous second extension part 501 under the pushing of the end face of the welding wire. In this structure, the adjacent two second extension parts 501 are limited and fixed by means of a guiding groove and a clamping position, with a simple structure and also saving the manual operation frequency of the user.

[0058] Optionally, the connection between the second extension part 501 at the foremost end and the nozzle is detachable, which is convenient for the user to replace the second extension part 501 with different specifications according to different processing scenarios and processing distances. The second extension part 501 can conduct wire guiding and conveying for the welding wire, preventing the welding wire from bending and shaking in the area between the nozzle and the workpiece weld, thereby affecting the welding quality. At the same time, the spatial structure of the above extension part occupies a relatively small proportion, which can prevent it from interfering with surrounding obstacles and the workpiece.

[0059] In one embodiment, as Figure 1 shown, when the outlets of the respective flow channels of the second flow channel group are arranged on the light-emitting end face of the processing nozzle, a first extension part 200 corresponding to and communicating with the respective flow channels of the second flow channel group is directly arranged on the light-emitting end face of the processing nozzle, and the first extension part 200 protrudes relative to the outlet of the first flow channel 10 (the light-emitting end face of the processing nozzle). It can be known that during processing, the outlet of the first extension part 200 (i.e., the air outlet) is closest to the processing surface.

[0060] The setting of the first extension part 200 can effectively guide and convey the second air flow 32, prevent the second air flow 32 from overflowing in the space between the light-emitting end face of the processing nozzle and the processing surface, effectively improve the utilization rate of the second air flow 32. At the same time, it can also save the consumption of the protective air flow.

[0061] Optionally, the first extension portion 200 may be a fixed part; it may also be a pipeline that can extend and retract along the channel of the first flow path 10 and is movable. The length of the first extension portion 200 extending out can be appropriately adjusted according to the distance between the workpiece weld and the light-emitting end face of the processing nozzle, so as to ensure that the airflow near the workpiece weld is in a nearly straight state, that is, to reduce the dispersion of the airflow, improve the utilization rate of the shielding gas, and help save the usage amount of the shielding gas.

[0062] Specifically, the first extension portion 200 can rotate and extend relative to the outlet opening direction of the first flow path 10. While adjusting its elongation, the inner diameter size of the first extension portion 200 is adjusted to further control the gas flow rates of the second airflow 32 and the first airflow 31. The length of the first extension portion 200 extending out can be appropriately selected according to the actual processing environment and is not limited herein.

[0063] Of course, in other embodiments, the outlets of the respective flow paths of the second flow path group may also be provided on the circumferential side wall of the processing nozzle. At this time, the first extension portion 200 extends and protrudes from the circumferential side wall of the processing nozzle.

[0064] Optionally, the safety detection module 92 is a radar module, a material detection module, a camera module, etc.

[0065] Optionally, the wire feeding tube 8 is built-in or external to the processing head body. When the wire feeding tube 8 is external to the processing head body, the wire feeding tube 8 is located on any side of the circumferential direction of the processing head body and is rotatable and adjustable around the circumferential direction of the processing head body.

[0066] Optionally, the wire feeding tube 8 may be a tubular structure composed of multiple interconnected segments, and there is a telescopic structure or an elastic structure between adjacent two segments, which is convenient for the user to adjust the bending arc of the wire feeding tube 8 according to the thickness of the welding material.

[0067] In summary, after the processing nozzle of the laser processing head does not contact the workpiece, the distance between the processing nozzle and the workpiece increases, resulting in an increase in the distance between the welding wire or the shielding airflow coming out of the processing nozzle and the surface of the workpiece weld. After the shielding airflow loses the guidance of the air outlet channel of the processing nozzle, the shielding airflow will disperse into the surrounding air. In this way, the gas flow rate reaching the weld surface is greatly reduced. Therefore, in order to maintain sufficient shielding airflow on the weld surface to isolate the plasma, it is necessary to increase the usage amount of the shielding gas, and the usage cost increases greatly at this time. The present application adopts the above structure to output the shielding airflow of the processing head in a straight state all the time to the area to be processed of the workpiece, ensuring an excellent isolation effect without increasing the usage amount of the shielding gas.

[0068] In one embodiment, in order to reduce the space occupation ratio of the overall shape of the nozzle and enable processing in a narrow space, the outer contour of the nozzle is arranged in a form that gradually narrows in a conical shape along the light-emitting direction, and a bevel avoidance portion 40 is provided on the axial outer wall of the nozzle to prevent jamming or interference between the outer wall of the nozzle and the workpiece surface. Moreover, the connection contours of the respective side surfaces of the outer wall of the nozzle are in a rounded state.

[0069] This application also protects a laser processing device, which includes the laser processing head in the above embodiment.

[0070] The foregoing are only the preferred embodiments of the present utility model and are not intended to limit the present utility model. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present utility model shall be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A laser processing head for machining in a narrow space, characterized in that The laser processing head includes: A processing head body; A processing nozzle, which is connected to the light-emitting end of the processing head body; A wire feeding structure, which is arranged on the processing head body and is used to output a welding wire towards the workpiece; An air supply structure, which is arranged on the processing head body and is used to output a protective air flow towards the workpiece; A distance detection module, which is arranged on the processing nozzle or the processing head body, and is used to detect the real-time distances between the processing nozzle, the wire feeding structure, the air supply structure and the position to be detected respectively, and maintain them within a predetermined range; A safety detection module, which is arranged on the processing nozzle or the processing head body, and the output end of the safety detection module is arranged towards the light-emitting direction, and is used to detect whether the light-emitting end face of the processing nozzle faces the workpiece.

2. The laser processing head according to claim 1, wherein, The laser processing head includes: A laser emission module, which is arranged inside the processing head body and is used to emit a laser beam; A visible light emission module arranged inside the processing head body, which is used to emit a visible light beam coaxial with the laser beam.

3. The laser processing head according to claim 1, wherein The processing nozzle includes: A first flow channel, which is arranged along the axial direction of the processing nozzle, and is used to emit a laser beam acting on the light spot acting position and output a first air flow; A second flow channel group, which is independently arranged beside the first flow channel. The second flow channel group includes at least one flow channel for outputting a second air flow. The opening direction of the flow channel intersects the axial direction of the processing nozzle, and the second air flow conveyed by the flow channel acts on the front side or / and the rear side of the light spot acting position at the workpiece weld. The first air flow and the second air flow do not interfere with each other.

4. The laser processing head according to claim 3, wherein, The projected area of the air flow layer formed by the first air flow and the second air flow covering the workpiece surface is greater than or equal to the area where the workpiece surface temperature field is located.

5. The laser processing head according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first flow channel and the flow channel for outputting the second air flow are respectively correspondingly connected with a first extension part arranged towards the workpiece weld; the first extension part can be telescoped along its extension direction and the inner diameter size can be adjusted.

6. The laser processing head according to claim 1, characterized in that, The safety detection module is a radar module, a material identification module or a camera module.

7. The laser processing head according to claim 1, characterized in that, The processing nozzle further includes a wire guiding channel and a second extension part which are connected to each other. The second extension part protrudes relative to the extension direction of the wire guiding channel. The wire guiding channel is connected to the wire feeding pipe of the wire feeding structure.

8. The laser processing head according to claim 7, characterized in that, The second extension part can be telescoped along its extension direction and the aperture size can be adjusted.

9. The laser processing head according to claim 7, wherein, The wire feeding pipe is built-in or external to the processing head body. When the wire feeding pipe is external to the processing head body, the wire feeding pipe is located on any side of the circumferential direction of the processing head body, and can be rotationally adjusted around the circumferential direction of the processing head body.

10. A laser processing device, characterized in that, The laser processing device includes the laser processing head according to any one of claims 1-9 above.

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