Laser nozzle

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the technical field of laser processing, and particularly relates to a laser nozzle. The laser nozzle comprises a nozzle body and an airflow extending part extending from the light emitting end face of the nozzle body, the nozzle body is provided with at least one through runner used for outputting auxiliary airflow, and the airflow runner is communicated with the airflow extending part. The airflow conveying structure is prolonged, so that the air outlet is closer to a molten pool of a machining surface, the overflowing degree of airflow in the space is reduced, and the effective utilization rate of protective airflow is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of laser processing, and particularly relates to a laser nozzle. Background Art

[0002] The shielding gas plays a crucial role in the welding process, directly affecting the quality, efficiency, and cost of welding. For example, blowing in the shielding gas correctly can effectively protect the weld pool, reduce or even avoid oxidation, reduce spatter generated during welding, promote uniform spreading when the weld pool solidifies, make the weld formation uniform and beautiful, and effectively reduce weld porosity.

[0003] In addition, due to the nozzle structure limitations in the prior art, only part of the shielding gas blown out from the air outlet can form an anti-oxidation air flow layer on the workpiece surface, resulting in a low effective utilization rate of the shielding gas. Summary of the Utility Model

[0004] The purpose of the utility model is to provide a laser nozzle, aiming to solve the problem of low effective utilization rate of the shielding gas caused by structural limitations.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted by the utility model is: a laser nozzle, which includes a nozzle body and an air flow extension part extending from the light-emitting end face of the nozzle body. The nozzle body is provided with at least one through-flow channel for outputting auxiliary air flow, and the air flow channel is communicated with the air flow extension part.

[0006] Further, the nozzle includes:

[0007] A first flow channel, which is axially penetrated through the nozzle body for emitting a laser beam acting on the workpiece weld and outputting the main air flow;

[0008] An auxiliary air outlet flow channel group, which is independently arranged beside the first flow channel. The auxiliary air outlet flow channel group includes at least one flow channel. The opening direction of the flow channel intersects with the axis of the nozzle at a predetermined angle, and the auxiliary air flow conveyed by the flow channel acts on the surface of the weld pool in front of and / or behind the light spot action position.

[0009] Further, the flow channel is configured as:

[0010] A plurality of second flow channels that are spaced apart and independently arranged. The second flow channels are in one-to-one correspondence and communication with the air flow extension part, respectively outputting the first auxiliary air flow. The adjacent two first auxiliary air flows do not interfere with each other, and cover the surface of the weld pool in sequence from near to far towards the rear of the light spot action position with the light spot action position as the origin to form an air film. The adjacent two second flow channels are arranged at a predetermined interval.

[0011] Further, the flow channels are configured as: a plurality of third flow channels arranged at intervals and independently, the third flow channels are in one-to-one correspondence and communication with the air flow extension parts, and respectively output second auxiliary air flows. The two adjacent second auxiliary air flows do not interfere with each other, and cover the surface of the molten pool in sequence from near to far in the front side of the light spot action position with the light spot action position as the origin to form an air film. A predetermined interval is arranged between two adjacent third flow channels.

[0012] Further, the flow channels are configured as: a plurality of second flow channels arranged at intervals and independently, the second flow channels are in one-to-one correspondence and communication with the air flow extension parts, and respectively output first auxiliary air flows. The two adjacent first auxiliary air flows do not interfere with each other, and each air flow extension part is arranged obliquely side by side, so that their air outlets are close to each other, and the extension lines of the two intersect to form a predetermined angle.

[0013] Further, the outer contour of the nozzle is tapered and shrunk along the light output direction, and a plurality of inclined surface avoidance parts are arranged on the circumferential side wall of the light output end of the nozzle.

[0014] Further, the air flow extension part can be telescopically adjusted along its axis, and the inner diameter of the air flow extension part is adjustable.

[0015] Further, the nozzle includes a wire outlet channel and a wire outlet extension part extending from the light output end surface of the nozzle body, and the inner diameter of the wire outlet extension part is adjustable.

[0016] Further, the projected area of the air flows of the first flow channel and each flow channel of the auxiliary air outlet flow channel group on the processing surface is greater than or equal to the area of the molten pool surface on the front side and / or the rear side of the light spot action position.

[0017] Further, the channel aperture size, outlet shape, channel cross-sectional shape and / or conveying direction of each flow channel of the first flow channel and the auxiliary air outlet flow channel group are adjustable.

[0018] The utility model has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0019] The laser nozzle of the utility model includes a nozzle body and an air flow extension part extending from the light output end surface of the nozzle body. The nozzle body is provided with at least one through flow channel for outputting auxiliary air flow, and the air flow channel is in communication with the air flow extension part. By extending the air flow conveying structure, the air outlet is closer to the molten pool on the processing surface, so as to reduce the degree of air flow dispersion in space and realize the effective utilization rate of the protective air flow. Description of the Drawings

[0020] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present utility model, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present utility model. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings.

[0021] Figure 1 It is a top view schematic diagram between the air film, the workpiece processing surface, and the light spot action position O;

[0022] Figure 2 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the nozzle provided with an air flow extension part;

[0023] Figure 3 It is one of the schematic diagrams of the light-emitting end face of the nozzle;

[0024] Figure 4 It is one of the three-dimensional schematic diagrams of the nozzle;

[0025] Figure 5 It is one of the schematic diagrams of the light-emitting end face of the nozzle;

[0026] Figure 6 It is one of the three-dimensional schematic diagrams of the nozzle;

[0027] Figure 7 It is one of the three-dimensional schematic diagrams of the nozzle;

[0028] Figure 8 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the air flow extension part and the wire feeding extension part of the nozzle being retractable;

[0029] Figure 9 It is one of the schematic diagrams of the light-emitting end face of the nozzle;

[0030] Figure 10 It is another schematic diagram of the light-emitting end face of the nozzle;

[0031] Figure 11 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of one of the embodiments of the nozzle;

[0032] Figure 12 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of one of the embodiments of the nozzle;

[0033] Figure 13 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of one of the embodiments of the nozzle;

[0034] Figure 14 It is a schematic diagram of the nozzle, air flow, and workpiece;

[0035] Figure 15 It is a schematic diagram of one of the embodiments of the nozzle, workpiece, and air flow;

[0036] Figure 16Schematic diagram of another embodiment of the nozzle, workpiece and air flow;

[0037] Figure 17 is Figure 16 the enlarged view of the details in;

[0038] Figure 18 Stereoscopic structure schematic diagram of a perspective view of the adjustment structure;

[0039] Figure 19 Stereoscopic structure schematic diagram of another perspective view of the adjustment structure.

[0040] Among them, each reference numeral in the figure:

[0041] X, welding movement direction; O, position of the light spot action; Y, laser emission direction; Z, weld; 10, first flow channel; 20, auxiliary air outlet flow channel group; 200, air flow extension part; 21, second flow channel; 22, third flow channel; 210, micro flow channel; 23, adjustment structure; 231, first part; 2310, first micro flow channel; 232, second part; 2320, second micro flow channel; 31, main air flow; 32, auxiliary air flow; 321, first auxiliary air flow; 322, second auxiliary air flow; 33, laser beam; 34, secondary air flow; 40, inclined surface avoidance part; 50, wire feeding channel; 501, wire feeding extension part. Specific implementation mode

[0042] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below. The examples of the embodiments are shown in the drawings, where the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar elements or elements with the same or similar functions from beginning to end. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are exemplary and are intended to explain the present invention, but should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

[0043] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "length", "width", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

[0044] In addition, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, features defined with "first", "second", etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of such features. In the description of the present utility model, "a plurality of" means two or more unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0045] In the present utility model, unless otherwise clearly specified and defined, terms such as "installed", "connected", "joined", "fixed", etc. shall be construed in a broad sense. For example, it may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or integrated; it may be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it may be the communication inside two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present utility model may be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0046] Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below. Examples of the embodiments are shown in the drawings, where the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are exemplary and are intended to explain the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0047] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by terms such as "length", "width", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the indicated device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0048] In addition, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, features defined with "first", "second", etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of such features. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality of" means two or more unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0049] In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "connect," "fixed," etc. should be understood broadly. For example, they may refer to fixed connection, detachable connection, or integration; mechanical connection or electrical connection; direct connection or indirect connection through an intermediate medium; internal communication between two components or interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on specific circumstances.

[0050] During the laser processing process, the shielding gas can effectively prevent the focusing lens, protective mirror and other lenses from being contaminated by metal vapor and liquid droplets. Secondly, the metal vapor absorbs the laser beam and ionizes to form a plasma cloud. The shielding gas is very effective in dispersing the plasma shielding generated during high-power laser welding. Finally, the use of shielding gas can prevent the product from oxidizing during the welding process, thereby ensuring the welding effect. However, the cost of shielding gas is relatively high, and due to the limitations of the processing head structure in the existing technology, the amount of shielding gas used is large, and the protection effect is poor, which in turn causes the high cost of using the processing head.

[0051] In order to facilitate readers to deeply understand the technical solution of this application, now refer to Figure 1 Definitions and explanations of some terms in this application:

[0052] Welding movement direction X: Figure 1 As shown: the positive direction of arrow X is the moving direction of the machining head.

[0053] Spot action position O: During the laser irradiation process, the defocus amount will be appropriately selected according to factors such as the material type, reflectivity, and thickness of the workpiece. Therefore, the laser irradiation on the workpiece weld surface is not necessarily at the focal plane position. Therefore, the point where the laser beam irradiates on the workpiece surface is defined as the spot action position O. The spot action position O is the high temperature concentrated area, and: Figure 1 As shown in the figure, with the spot action position O as the origin, the weld behind the arrow X is the welded area, and the weld in front of the arrow X is the area to be welded. A temperature zone and a heat-affected zone with a certain temperature gradient are formed inside and outside the processed surface along the extension direction of the weld, which is called a "temperature field".

[0054] Length and width of the weld: Taking a straight weld as an example, the length of the weld along its extension direction is the length direction, and the distance between the workpieces is the width of the weld.

[0055] Laser emission direction Y: positive direction of arrow Y in the figure.

[0056] The auxiliary materials used in the laser processing process are protective gas or welding materials. The channels for supplying the auxiliary materials (such as the first flow channel 10, the auxiliary air outlet flow channel group 20, and the wire outlet channel 50) are collectively referred to as the auxiliary material conveying channels.

[0057] This application designs a nozzle for a laser processing head. Now refer to Figures 1 to 14 to explain the specific structure of the nozzle.

[0058] The nozzle includes at least two air flow channels for outputting a protective air flow, where at least one air flow channel is used to emit a laser beam 33 to the workpiece area to be processed, and the other air flow channel is used to output an auxiliary air flow 32.

[0059] Specifically, the nozzle includes a first flow channel 10 and an auxiliary air outlet flow channel group 20 provided thereon, and both the first flow channel 10 and the auxiliary air outlet flow channel group 20 are provided with through holes at both ends. The first flow channel 10 is provided through along the axial direction of the nozzle (i.e., the laser emission direction Y) to simultaneously output a main air flow 31 and a laser beam 33 for processing the workpiece weld Z. Among them, the auxiliary air outlet flow channel group 20 includes at least one flow channel for outputting the auxiliary air flow 32 (the second flow channel 21 and the third flow channel 22 described later). The auxiliary air flow 32 output by the flow channels of the auxiliary air outlet flow channel group 20 can selectively act on the front end or the rear end of the light spot action position O on the weld Z. Among them, the light spot action position O and its rear end area form a specified area, that is, a specific temperature area or temperature field; or, the light spot action position O and its front side area form a specified area, that is, a specific temperature area or temperature field. The auxiliary air flow 32 and the main air flow 31 form an air film on the surface of the temperature field of the processing surface (area to be processed).

[0060] In order to direct the air flow, the opening direction of the flow channel can intersect the central axis direction of the nozzle, and the central axis of the first flow channel 10 is coaxially arranged with the central axis of the nozzle. And, in order to prevent interference between the main air flow 31 and the auxiliary air flow 32, when the flow channel of the auxiliary air outlet flow channel group 20 is one, it can be located on either side of the first flow channel 10; or when the auxiliary air outlet flow channel group 20 is provided with multiple flow channels, each flow channel is arranged at intervals around the circumference of the first flow channel 10.

[0061] All in all, the purpose of this technical solution is to set the above structure on the nozzle to realize the air film that is adapted to the area to be processed (processing surface) and is transported. To prevent oxidation and isolation of the internal and external temperature areas of the molten pool, while ensuring the effect of isolating the plasma cloud and air, the air flow consumption of the protective gas is saved to the greatest extent, and a beautiful weld Z is realized, which has significant economic benefits.

[0062] Now in combination with Figures 1 to 17 : to explain in detail the arrangement of each flow channel of the auxiliary air outlet flow channel group 20 and the first flow channel 10 of this application.

[0063] In one embodiment, the flow channels of the auxiliary air outlet channel group 20 may be configured as: a plurality of mutually independent second channels 21 for outputting the first auxiliary air flow 321, and the first auxiliary air flow 321 conveyed by each second channel 21 acts on a specific area of the surface of the rear weld Z at the light spot action position O. As Figure 1 , Figure 12 and Figure 13 shown, the first auxiliary air flows 321 output by each second channel 21 do not interfere with each other, and the specific areas of the surface of the weld Z are covered in sequence from near to far in the direction opposite to the arrow X (the rear side of the light spot action position O) with the light spot action position O as the origin, so as to form multiple superimposed air films in the area near the weld Z (temperature field area) of the welded area, and the air flow rates of the air films can be adaptively designed to be the same or different. To shield the plasma cloud near the weld Z at this place, while ensuring the protection effect, the air flow coverage of a specific temperature area is achieved. In other words: the air flow coverage of the area within a specific temperature range near the light spot action position O (molten pool) can be achieved by controlling the air flow rates, air outlet directions, and air flow shapes of the auxiliary air flow 32 and the main air flow 31. And the air film (air flow layer) with the optimal coverage area and the optimal air flow rate is selected according to parameters such as the material type, thickness, power, and light spot energy distribution of the workpiece.

[0064] The specific area on the surface of the weld Z can be measured and selected with the help of an infrared temperature testing device.

[0065] In other embodiments, when the flow channels of the auxiliary air outlet channel group are only configured as: a plurality of second channels 21 arranged at intervals and independently, as shown in the second channel 21a and the second channel 21b in the figure, which are used to output the first auxiliary air flow 321a and the first auxiliary air flow 321b respectively. Based on this, the second channel 21a and the second channel 21b are symmetrically distributed with the perpendicular line passing through the center point of the outlet of the first channel 10 as the symmetry line. The first auxiliary air flow 321a and the first auxiliary air flow 321b jointly act on a specific area of the surface of the rear weld Z at the light spot action position O, that is, the area behind the molten pool. The difference from the above embodiment is that the first auxiliary air flow 321a and the first auxiliary air flow 321b in this solution are also blown side by side to the surface of the weld Z, rather than being arranged adjacent to each other front and back. At this time, the main air flow 31 can be regarded as acting on the front end of the molten pool, and the main air flow 31, the first auxiliary air flow 321a, and the first auxiliary air flow 321b jointly cover a specific area on the rear side of the light spot action position O on the surface of the weld Z, forming an isolating air film adapted to the specific area.

[0066] Compared with the prior art solution of blowing air flow over the entire surface area of the entire weld Z surface, this solution is precisely adapted to the temperature field, greatly saving the gas consumption, and can effectively improve the stability of the molten pool and the processing quality. Only two schematic diagrams of the first auxiliary air flow 321 are shown in the figure (the first auxiliary air flow 321a, the first auxiliary air flow 321b), and the actual solutions covered are not limited to this.

[0067] Optionally, the distance between the position points where two adjacent first auxiliary air flows 321 act on the specific area of the weld Z surface is a preset distance d, and each preset distance d can be successively decreasing, or successively increasing. For example: Figure 12 and Figure 13 In [reference] and [reference], the positions where the first auxiliary air flow 321a and the first auxiliary air flow 321b act on the specific area of the weld Z surface are the first position (not labeled) and the second position (not labeled). The distance between the first position and the second position can be the preset distance d, for example: 6mm, 5mm, 4mm, 3mm, 2mm, etc.

[0068] In yet another embodiment, the above-mentioned flow channel can be configured as: a plurality of independent third flow channels 22 for outputting the second auxiliary air flow 322, and the second auxiliary air flow 322 output by each third flow channel 22 acts on the front side of the light spot action position O. The second auxiliary air flows 322 output by each third flow channel 22 do not interfere with each other, and with the light spot action position O as the origin, they successively cover the specific area of the weld Z surface from near to far towards the front side of the light spot action position O (the positive direction of the arrow), so as to form an air film in the area near the weld Z in the welded area (temperature field area). The air flow rates of the multi-stage auxiliary air films can be adaptively designed to be the same or different, so as to shield the plasma cloud near the weld Z at this place.

[0069] The appendix of this application Figure 16 , only shows the formation of a second auxiliary air flow 322 near the weld Z in the unwelded area, and the actual solutions covered are not limited to this. The numbers of the first auxiliary air flow 321 and the second auxiliary air flow 322 can be selectively set according to different weld widths and workpieces, while achieving the best effect, maximizing the utilization rate of the shielding gas and saving the consumption of the shielding gas.

[0070] Optionally, the distance between the position points where two adjacent second auxiliary air flows 322 act on the specific area of the weld Z surface is a preset distance d, and each preset distance d can be successively decreasing, or successively increasing, or arranged at equal intervals.

[0071] Optionally, the distances between the position points where the main air flow 31 acts on the specific areas of the surface of the weld Z and the position points where the adjacent front and rear second auxiliary air flows 322 act on the specific areas of the surface of the weld Z can be decreased successively, or increased successively, or arranged at equal intervals.

[0072] In one embodiment, the radial cross-sections (or understood as the outlet shapes) of each flow channel (the second flow channel 21 and the third flow channel 22) and the first flow channel 10 along their respective corresponding air outlet directions are regular geometric shapes or irregular special shapes. For example, in this appendix Figure 1 the cross-sectional shapes of the first flow channel 10, the second flow channel 21 and the third flow channel 22 schematically shown are at least partially single runway circles (or understood as waist-shaped holes), and the air flow at different action points is output by setting the opening directions of each hole.

[0073] In other embodiments, the first flow channel 10, the second flow channel 21 and the third flow channel 22 can be single circles, arcs, ellipses, rectangles, etc. Of course, the first flow channel 10, the second flow channel 21 and the third flow channel 22 can be single special shapes such as plum blossom shapes, petal shapes, etc., which will not be elaborated in detail here.

[0074] Furthermore, the shapes of the first flow channel 10, the second flow channel 21 and the third flow channel 22 can be the same or different, and the air flow rates corresponding to each flow channel (the second flow channel 21 and the third flow channel 22) and the first flow channel 10 can be the same or different, which helps to save gas volume and provide precise protection.

[0075] Micro-hole arrangement at the nozzle

[0076] In one embodiment, each flow channel (the second flow channel 21 and the third flow channel 22) is a flow channel group formed by a plurality of micro flow channels 210 distributed at intervals. The outer contour of each flow channel group is a regular geometric shape or an irregular special shape, such as Figure 3 , 4 , 5, 7. Specifically, each flow channel (the second flow channel 21 and the third flow channel 22) is not a single flow channel, but a gas flow channel group in a certain shape formed by a plurality of micro flow channels 210. Each micro flow channel 210 outputs a micro protection air flow. This structure can evenly refine the first auxiliary air flow 32 and the second auxiliary air flow 32, which helps to improve the protection effect and increase the aesthetics of the weld. For example Figure 3 as shown, the cross-section of the second flow channel 21 is a runway circle-shaped flow channel group formed by a plurality of micro flow channels 210 with shapes such as circles and ellipses arranged at intervals. Correspondingly, the outlet cross-section of the second flow channel 21 can also be a runway circle-shaped air hole group formed by a plurality of micro openings with shapes such as circles and ellipses arranged at intervals. By analogy, the same is true for the third flow channel 22, which will not be further elaborated here.

[0077] Further, for the same flow channel, i.e., the cross-sectional shapes of the respective micro-channels 210 in the same flow channel group may be the same or different.

[0078] In another embodiment, each flow channel (the second flow channel 21 and the third flow channel 22) is a single flow channel passage. By providing an adjustment structure at the light-incident end of the nozzle, the adjustment structure is arranged for the micro-channels in different regions to achieve the adjustment of the air flow rate, direction, and even the cross-sectional shape of the corresponding air flow (the cross-sectional shape of the air film) to adapt to the non-linear weld Z trajectory (such as curved, annular, etc.), and further reduce the consumption of the air flow rate.

[0079] Specifically, the adjustment structure 23 is as Figure 18 and Figure 19 shown. The adjustment structure includes a first part 231 and a second part 232 that are rotatably connected to each other and coaxial. The first part 231 and the second part 232 can rotate relative to each other around their central axes. One end of the first part 231 communicates with the light-incident end of the nozzle, and one end of the second part 232 communicates with the light-emitting end of the throttling air-blowing device (i.e., the pressure transfer chamber 613 described later). The first part 231 is provided with a first adjustment air cavity that communicates with the pressure transfer chamber 613 or the outlets of the respective flow channels of the auxiliary air flow channel group 20, and the second part 232 is provided with a second adjustment air cavity that communicates with the nozzle. The bottom wall of the first adjustment air cavity is provided with a first micro-channel 2310, and the bottom wall of the second adjustment air cavity is also provided with a second micro-channel 2320. The first micro-channel 2310 and the second micro-channel 2320 communicate with each other. When the first part 231 and the second part 232 rotate relative to each other, the first micro-channel 2310 and the second micro-channel 2320 can be partially staggered, completely staggered, or just in a facing position relationship. Through the above adjustment method, the air flow rate of the auxiliary air flow 32 flowing through the first micro-channel 2310 and the second micro-channel 2320 is controlled to further control the air flow rate of the second flow channel 21 and the third flow channel 22.

[0080] In summary, the shapes of each flow channel (the second flow channel 21 and the third flow channel 22) and the first flow channel 10 can be various. Regardless of the values of the air flow rates set for the first flow channel 10, the second flow channel 21, and the third flow channel 22 (the auxiliary air flow hole group) and the sizes set, the projected area of the main air flow 31 output by the first flow channel 10 on the covering shape of the processing surface is larger than the area of the specific temperature region (temperature field) of the processing surface to ensure that the molten pool near the weld Z can be covered by the above air film.

[0081] Such as Figure 2 、 Figure 4As shown, optionally, the third flow channel 22 and the first flow channel 10 are arranged at an interval vertically, the second flow channels 21 are arranged above the third flow channel 22, and are arranged symmetrically left and right along the vertical central line in the figure.

[0082] When the outlets of the flow channels in the auxiliary outlet air flow channel group 20 and the outlet of the first flow channel 10 are both arranged on one side of the light-emitting end face of the nozzle, the first flow channel 10, the second flow channels 21 and the third flow channel 22 are arranged at intervals along the straight line direction vertically.

[0083] The above are only several arrangement methods shown in this application. The position arrangements of the first flow channel 10, each second flow channel 21 and each third flow channel 22 can be arranged arbitrarily, as long as the main air flow 31, each first auxiliary air flow 321 and each second auxiliary air flow 322 do not interfere with each other. The user can select the arrangement method of the first flow channel 10, the second flow channel 21 and the third flow channel 22 by himself, as long as the unit consumption of the shielding gas is below 4L.

[0084] In addition, the cross-sectional shape of the outlet of the first flow channel 10 is closely adapted to the spot shape of the passing laser beam in the plane of the outlet; further, the axial cross-sectional shape of the first flow channel 10 can correspond closely to the shape of the laser beam to block the returned welding slag and molten matter.

[0085] The cross-sectional shape of each flow channel

[0086] As Figure 1 shown, the two ends of the nozzle are respectively a light-emitting end and a light-incident end, and the light-incident end is used for the incident of the collimated laser beam 33. The first flow channel 10 is used to output the collimated laser beam 33. Therefore, the axial channel of the first flow channel 10 can be set as a straight channel or a tapered channel, and its cross-sectional diameter gradually decreases along the emission direction of the laser beam 33 (the conveying direction of the main air flow 31) to accelerate and buffer the main air flow 31. Correspondingly, the second flow channels 21 and the third flow channel 22 in the auxiliary air flow channel group can be set as straight channels or tapered channels, and gradually decrease respectively along the conveying direction of the first auxiliary air flow 321 and the conveying direction of the second auxiliary air flow 322.

[0087] As Figure 13 shown, when the outlets of the flow channels in the auxiliary outlet air flow channel group 20 and the outlet of the first flow channel 10 are not arranged on one side of the light-emitting end face of the nozzle at the same time, the outlets of the flow channels in the auxiliary outlet air flow channel group 20, that is, the outlets of the second flow channels 21 and the third flow channel 22, or the second flow channels 21a and 21b can be arranged on the circumferential side wall of the nozzle. Figure 13 Only one of the schemes is shown.

[0088] Nozzle end face structure

[0089] In one embodiment, in order to reduce the space occupied by the overall shape of the nozzle and enable processing in a narrow space, the outer contour of the nozzle is arranged in a tapered form that gradually narrows along the light-emitting direction, and a bevel avoidance portion 40 is provided on the outer wall in the axial direction of the nozzle (as Figure 2 shown) to prevent jamming or interference between the outer wall of the nozzle and the surface of the workpiece. Moreover, the connecting contours of the respective sides of the outer wall of the nozzle are in a rounded state.

[0090] In one embodiment, the outlets of the respective channels of the first channel 10 and the auxiliary air outlet channel group 20 are located on the same end face or different end faces of the light-emitting end of the nozzle.

[0091] In one case, as Figure 1 、 Figure 5 shown, the end face of the light-emitting end of the nozzle is not a single whole plane, but is composed of at least two non-parallel (or non-coplanar) small planes connected together. The outlets of the respective channels of the first channel 10 and the auxiliary air outlet channel group 20 are respectively located on the above two small planes (or can be directly provided on the bevel avoidance portion 40). In this way, the volume of the light-emitting end of the nozzle can be reduced; at the same time, the auxiliary air outlet channel group 20 can also be provided on a plane relatively close to the weld Z to reduce the diffusion of the auxiliary gas. In addition, the outlets of the respective channels of the first channel 10 and the auxiliary air outlet channel group 20 are located on the same end face of the light-emitting end of the nozzle, and the cross-section of this end face forms a geometric shape such as Figure 2 shown, similar to a triangle, a triangle, or a circle.

[0092] In another case, as Figure 6 shown, the nozzle is formed by sleeving multiple sleeves. The outlets of the first channel 10 and the auxiliary air outlet channel group 20 are respectively located on the end faces of two adjacent sleeves, that is, they are located on different end faces. Based on this, there is close contact or a gap between the side walls of two adjacent sleeves. The axial position distance between the inner sleeve and the outer sleeve can be adjusted so that the light-emitting end face of the inner sleeve protrudes or retracts and depresses relative to the light-emitting end of the outer sleeve. As Figure 6 shown, the light-emitting end face of the outer sleeve protrudes relative to the light-emitting end face of the inner sleeve. When the welding head abuts against the surface of the workpiece, the auxiliary airflows 32 output by the respective channels of the auxiliary air outlet channel group 20 on the outer sleeve (the second channel 21 and the third channel 22 corresponding to the first auxiliary airflow 321 and the second auxiliary airflow 322 respectively acting on the rear side and the front side of the light plate action position O on the weld Z, or the second channels 21a and 21ab corresponding to the first auxiliary airflows 321a and 321b arranged side by side or front and back and acting together on the rear side of the light plate action position O on the weld Z) are closer to the surface of the workpiece weld, ensuring that the output auxiliary airflow 32 is blown onto the weld surface as straight as possible to isolate the plasma cloud close to the weld.

[0093] All of the above structures can transport the auxiliary gas farther and closer to the area to be machined of the workpiece on the premise of saving gas consumption. Because when there is a certain distance between the nozzle and the workpiece weld, the auxiliary gas will disperse in the air, and the gas flow rate reaching near the weld surface will be greatly reduced, and the isolation effect on the weld surface will be reduced. Therefore, this solution can further ensure that the air flow reaching the weld surface is in an aggregated and nearly straight state, while improving the utilization rate of the shielding gas and saving the consumption of the shielding gas.

[0094] In one embodiment, at the nozzle position, the welding wire is built-in or external to the nozzle. When the welding material is built-in to the nozzle, the nozzle has a wire outlet channel 50 penetrating along a predetermined angle. Optionally, the wire outlet channel 50 can also be located on the inner sleeve or the outer sleeve. Optionally, the number of inner sleeves is set to multiple, and the wire outlet channel 50, the first flow channel 10, and the auxiliary air outlet flow channel group 20 are respectively located on one sleeve, and adjacent two sleeves can be axially telescoped relative to each other to achieve primary telescopic adjustment of each flow channel and the wire outlet channel.

[0095] Telescopic and variable-diameter extension

[0096] The extension includes an air flow extension 200. An air flow extension 200 is provided at the outlet of each flow channel of the first flow channel 10 and the auxiliary air outlet flow channel group 20 to transport the auxiliary gas farther and closer to the area to be machined of the workpiece.

[0097] The extension includes a wire outlet extension 501, and the wire outlet extension 501 is in one-to-one communication with the wire outlet channel.

[0098] In one embodiment, as Figure 7 shown, when the outlets of the respective flow channels (the second flow channel 21 and the third flow channel 22) of the auxiliary air outlet flow channel group 20 are provided on the light-emitting end face of the nozzle, an air flow extension 200 corresponding to and communicating with the respective flow channels (the second flow channel 21 and the third flow channel 22; or the second flow channel 21a and the second flow channel 21b) of the auxiliary air outlet flow channel group 20 is directly provided on the light-emitting end face of the nozzle, and the air flow extension 200 protrudes relative to the outlet of the first flow channel 10 (the light-emitting end face of the nozzle). During machining, the outlet of the air flow extension 200 (i.e., the air outlet) is closest to the machining surface. The setting of the air flow extension 200 can effectively guide and transport the auxiliary air flow 32, prevent the auxiliary air flow 32 from dispersing in the space between the light-emitting end face of the nozzle and the machining surface, and effectively improve the utilization rate of the auxiliary air flow 32. At the same time, the consumption of the shielding air flow can also be saved.

[0099] Optionally, the gas flow extension part 200 can be a fixed part; it can also be a pipeline that can extend and retract along the channel of the first flow channel 10 and is movable. The length of the gas flow extension part 200 extending out can be appropriately adjusted according to the distance between the workpiece weld and the light-emitting end face of the nozzle, so as to ensure that the gas flow near the workpiece weld Z is in a nearly straight state, that is, reduce the dispersion of the gas flow, improve the utilization rate of the shielding gas, and help save the consumption of the shielding gas.

[0100] Specifically, the gas flow extension part 200 can rotate and extend relative to the opening direction of the outlet of the first flow channel 10. While adjusting its elongation, the inner diameter size of the gas flow extension part 200 is adjusted to further control the gas flow rates of the auxiliary gas flow 32 and the main gas flow 31. The elongation length of the gas flow extension part 200 can be appropriately selected according to the actual processing environment and is not limited herein.

[0101] Of course, in other embodiments, the outlets of the respective flow channels of the auxiliary gas outlet flow channel group 20, namely the second flow channel 21 and the third flow channel 22; or the second flow channels 21a and 21b) can also be provided on the circumferential side wall of the nozzle. At this time, the gas flow extension part 200 extends and protrudes from the circumferential side wall of the nozzle.

[0102] Based on the embodiment where the flow channels of the auxiliary gas outlet flow channel group are only configured as: a plurality of second flow channels 21 that are spaced apart and independently arranged, the second flow channels 21 and the gas flow extension parts 200 are in one-to-one correspondence and communicate to respectively output the first auxiliary gas flow 321a and the first auxiliary gas flow 321b. As shown in the figure, the second flow channels 21 and the gas flow extension parts 200 in one-to-one correspondence are two, namely the second flow channel 21a and the second flow channel 21b, and the adjacent first auxiliary gas flows 321a and 321b do not interfere with each other, and each gas flow extension part 200 is arranged obliquely side by side, so that their air outlets are close to each other, and the extension lines of the two intersect to form a predetermined angle. In other words, as shown in the figure, each gas flow extension part 200 forms an inclination of 1-5 degrees with the optical axis respectively.

[0103] Optionally, between the second flow channels 21a and 21b arranged side by side on the left and right; or between the adjacent second flow channels 21a and 21b arranged side by side on the left and right and or between the adjacent two gas flow extension parts 200, they are symmetrically distributed with the perpendicular line passing through the center point of the outlet of the first flow channel 10 as the symmetry line.

[0104] During use, in order to prevent the plasma cloud and heat generated during processing from lifting the air flow upward away from the processing surface, and since the gas consumption of this nozzle is significantly reduced compared to that in the prior art, the above-mentioned inclined and close structural method can make the protective air flow show a converging trend to converge in a certain direction, ensuring the corresponding stability between the gas film and the molten pool. In addition, the air flow extension part 200 realizes the effective utilization rate of the protective air flow.

[0105] In one embodiment, as Figure 12 shown, the nozzle also has a flow channel or a set of flow channels for outputting the secondary air flow 34. The secondary air flow 34 acts on both sides of the weld Z (the position of a specific area on the surface other than the weld Z, that is, the peripheral area of the temperature field, or limited to the heat affected area), so as to cool down, clean the area near the weld of the workpiece, and prevent spatter from splashing, etc. For example: a plurality of spaced-apart flow channels are arranged on the peripheral side of the nozzle, and the flow channels are opened towards the peripheral side of the nozzle. A secondary gas film is formed on the peripheral side of the nozzle. The flow channels can also be set as a plurality of micro flow channels to form a fine secondary gas film to block the spatter at the position O (near the molten pool) where the light spot acts to a certain extent.

[0106] The split nozzle of the present application has the following advantages compared with the nozzles of the prior art gas:

[0107] 1. Output at least one type of protective gas to act on different areas before and after the light spot action position O on the weld Z, forming at least one gas film for isolating air and plasma cloud, so as to protect the temperature field area covered by the gas film, maintain the stability of the molten pool and accurately control the temperature; at the same time, accurately deliver gas, and on the premise of ensuring the processing effect, save gas consumption and reduce unnecessary gas use;

[0108] 2. The structural space occupation ratio is relatively small, realizing processing tasks in narrow scenarios;

[0109] 3. The main air flow and the laser beam are output through the same channel, which can also block the backflow of soot to a certain extent, protect the lens, and prevent the channel from being blocked at the same time;

[0110] 4. It has strong versatility and can be applied to the scenarios of filler wire welding or non-filler wire welding.

[0111] In addition, when the main air flow 31 of the present application is configured as a high-pressure jet air flow, the above nozzle scheme can be applied to laser cutting. The corresponding weld Z can be a cutting gap, and the main air flow 31 is used to blow the molten pool, and the auxiliary air flow 32 output by the auxiliary air flow channel group 20 can act on the temperature field area of the cutting gap.

Claims

1. A laser nozzle, characterized in that, The nozzle includes a nozzle body and an air flow extension portion extending from the light-emitting end face of the nozzle body. The nozzle body is provided with at least one through-flow channel for outputting auxiliary air flow, and the air flow channel communicates with the air flow extension portion.

2. The nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The nozzle includes: A first flow channel, which is arranged through along the axial direction of the nozzle body for emitting a laser beam acting on the workpiece weld and outputting a main air flow; An auxiliary air outlet flow channel group, which is independently arranged beside the first flow channel. The auxiliary air outlet flow channel group includes at least one of the flow channels. The opening direction of the flow channel intersects with the axial direction of the nozzle at a predetermined angle, and the auxiliary air flow conveyed by the flow channel acts on the molten pool surface in front of and / or behind the light spot action position.

3. The nozzle according to claim 2, characterized in that, The flow channel is configured as: A plurality of second flow channels arranged at intervals and independently. The second flow channels communicate with the air flow extension portion one by one, respectively outputting a first auxiliary air flow. The adjacent first auxiliary air flows do not interfere with each other. Taking the light spot action position as the origin, they cover the molten pool surface from near to far towards the rear side of the light spot action position in sequence to form an air film. The adjacent two second flow channels are arranged at a predetermined interval.

4. The nozzle according to claim 2, characterized in that The flow channel is configured as: a plurality of third flow channels arranged at intervals and independently. The third flow channels communicate with the air flow extension portion one by one, respectively outputting a second auxiliary air flow. The adjacent two second auxiliary air flows do not interfere with each other. Taking the light spot action position as the origin, they cover the molten pool surface from near to far towards the front side of the light spot action position in sequence to form an air film. The adjacent two third flow channels are arranged at a predetermined interval.

5. The nozzle according to claim 2, characterized in that, The flow channel is configured as: a plurality of second flow channels arranged at intervals and independently. The second flow channels communicate with the air flow extension portion one by one, respectively outputting a first auxiliary air flow. The adjacent first auxiliary air flows do not interfere with each other, and each of the air flow extension portions is arranged obliquely side by side, so that their air outlets are close to each other, and the extension lines of the two intersect to form a predetermined included angle.

6. The nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer contour of the nozzle is tapered and gradually reduced along the light-emitting direction, and a plurality of inclined surface avoidance portions are provided on the circumferential side wall of the light-emitting end of the nozzle.

7. The nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The air flow extension portion can be adjusted axially and telescopically, and the inner diameter of the air flow extension portion is adjustable.

8. The nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The nozzle includes a wire feeding channel and a wire feeding extension portion extending from the light-emitting end face of the nozzle body. The wire feeding extension portion can be adjusted axially and telescopically, and the inner diameter of the wire feeding extension portion is adjustable.

9. The nozzle according to claim 2, characterized in that, The projected area of the air flow of the first flow channel and each of the flow channels of the auxiliary air outlet flow channel group on the processing surface is greater than or equal to the area of the molten pool surface in front of and / or behind the light spot action position.

10. The nozzle according to claim 2, characterized in that, The channel aperture size, outlet shape, channel cross-sectional shape and / or conveying direction of the first flow channel and each of the flow channels of the auxiliary air outlet flow channel group are all adjustable.

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