Excavation rack for tunnel construction

Abstract

The utility model discloses an excavation rack for tunnel construction, which comprises a left rack and a right rack, the left rack and the right rack are symmetrically arranged in structure, each rack comprises a main frame consisting of a top frame and two support frames, and the two support frames are arranged on two sides below the top frame; a side platform is arranged on the upper middle portion of the outer side of the main frame, and a crawling ladder is arranged behind the side platform. A front-end platform is arranged at the middle upper part of the front end of the main frame; the side platforms and the front-end platform are used for providing an expansion operation platform for the main frame; a limiting groove frame is fixedly arranged in the middle of the lower portion of the top frame, and the limiting groove frame is of a square-frame-shaped structure and used for limiting the positions of the racks on a bucket of the excavator when the excavator transfers the left rack and the right rack. According to the utility model, the bucket of the excavator is matched with the limiting groove frame on the main frame 3, so that the rack is quickly arranged or transported outwards, the problem that a large rack is difficult to carry integrally is solved, the speed of transporting the rack by the excavator is high, and the construction efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of building engineering construction, in particular to an excavation stand for tunnel construction. Background Art

[0002] Railway tunnel excavation is commonly carried out using the step method, which divides the structural section into two or more sections, with two or more working surfaces, the upper and lower sections, and excavation is carried out in stages. Depending on the length of the steps, these methods can be categorized as short-step or long-step. The short-step method, due to its flexibility and applicability, is also widely used in weak strata and Quaternary sedimentary formations. It effectively improves construction efficiency by allowing simultaneous operations on the upper and lower sections, thereby accelerating the construction schedule and enabling timely adjustments to construction methods based on changes in the strata, ensuring construction safety and project quality.

[0003] An excavation gantry is a temporary or permanent structure installed during tunnel construction to facilitate excavation work. Typically installed inside the tunnel, it supports workers as they perform blasthole construction, explosive placement, support work, and waterproofing, while also improving operational safety. Due to the limited size of the work platform, the gantry and operating machinery can only operate alternately. When the operating machinery enters the site, the gantry must be moved back to clear the construction area. The design and use of tunnel excavation gantry aims to address a range of issues encountered during tunnel construction, such as construction difficulties caused by uneven ground and preventing injuries from falling rocks.

[0004] The existing platforms have a variety of structures, including mobile, integral and assembled types: 1. The integral platform is generally designed as a whole. The integral construction platform is too large and heavy. It is not convenient to move it back to make way for the construction position when the tunnel needs to be excavated, and the integral structure will hinder the movement of mechanical equipment. 2. The mobile platform is only suitable for construction methods such as the long step method and the full-section method that have a long working plane behind the construction surface. It is not suitable for the construction of the short step method. The length of the short step is only 5-7 meters. It is difficult for the mobile excavation platform to move back to the construction position on the short step. 3. The assembled type mostly requires the construction platform to be disassembled and moved outward, and assembled and used after excavation, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive.

[0005] Among existing tunnel construction platforms, Chinese utility model patent No. CN202120805853.8 discloses a small-section tunnel operation assembly platform, comprising two sub-frames that can be detachably spliced ​​together horizontally; the sub-frames include a main frame with a first working platform; the lateral sides of the main frame are interconnection sides and installation sides, respectively, and the interconnection sides of the main frames of the two sub-frames are adjacent to each other and can be detachably connected to each other; the installation side of the main frame is connected to a sub-frame, which has a second working platform, and the height of the second working platform is lower than the first working platform. This platform has the following defects for construction using short steps or ultra-short steps: 1. The working surface size of the short steps or ultra-short steps is small, which is not enough to allow the two sub-frames to be staggered to make way for mechanical equipment to enter the site; 2. During construction of short steps or ultra-short steps, there is no lifting equipment in the tunnel, the height difference between the upper and lower steps is large, and it is impossible to lay tracks, making it difficult to move the two sub-frames backward; 3. During the turnover of the platform, the width of the second working platform is easily exceeded. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the utility model is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide an excavation stand for tunnel construction which is simple to assemble and convenient to transport.

[0007] The utility model is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0008] An excavation platform for tunnel construction includes a left platform 1 and a right platform 2. The left platform 1 and the right platform 2 are symmetrically arranged and each includes:

[0009] The main frame 3 is composed of a top frame 31 and two supporting frames 32. The two supporting frames 32 are arranged on both sides below the top frame 31.

[0010] A side platform 4 is provided at the upper middle portion of the outer side of the main frame 3 and is used to expand the working platform for construction on both sides of the tunnel. A ladder 7 is provided behind the side platform 4.

[0011] The front platform 5 is provided at the upper middle portion of the front end of the main frame 3 and is used to provide an expanded working platform for tunnel excavation work surface construction;

[0012] The limiting slot frame 6 is a square frame structure and is arranged in parallel at the middle position below the top frame 31. It is used to limit the position of the platform on the bucket of the excavator 9 when the excavator 9 transfers the left platform 1 and the right platform 2.

[0013] Furthermore, the side platform 4 and the front platform 5 are hinged on the main frame 3 , and both sides of the side platform 4 and the front platform 5 are supported on the supporting frame 32 through detachable diagonal braces 41 .

[0014] Furthermore, two sets of support frames 42 are provided on the back of the side platform 4 and the front platform 5. The inner width of the support frame 42 is adapted to the width of the diagonal support 41. When the side platform 4 and the front platform 5 are folded, the diagonal support 41 is placed on the support frame 42.

[0015] Furthermore, the height of the four sides of the limiting slot frame 6 is not less than 300 mm.

[0016] Furthermore, the left platform 1 and the right platform 2 are connected by several connecting arms 8, and mounting holes are opened at both ends of the connecting arms 8. Several fixing holes 81 corresponding to the mounting holes of the connecting arms 8 are opened on the inner cross beam of the top frame 31. The mounting holes at both ends of the connecting arm 8 are respectively fixed to the fixing holes 81 on the left platform 1 and the right platform 2 by bolts; the spacing of the several fixing holes 81 on the top frame 31 is adapted to the spacing of the two mounting holes on the connecting arm 8.

[0017] Furthermore, the top of the ladder 7 is hingedly arranged at the end of the side platform 4.

[0018] Furthermore, the ladder 7 includes a first ladder 71 and a second ladder 72. The top of the first ladder 71 is hinged to the end beam of the side platform 4, and the top of the second ladder 72 is hinged to the lower end of the first ladder 71. Pin holes are provided at the top of the second ladder 72 and the lower end of the first ladder 71. The rotation between the first ladder 71 and the second ladder 72 is limited by inserting a pin into the pin hole.

[0019] Furthermore, the left and right widths of the inner side of the limiting slot frame 6 are adapted to the left and right widths of the outer side of the backhoe excavator 9 bucket.

[0020] Furthermore, the front-to-rear width of the outer side of the limit slot frame 6 is adapted to the front-to-rear width of the inner side of the bucket of the face shovel 9, and the spacing between the two support frames 32 on the main frame 3 is greater than the left-right width of the bucket of the face shovel 9.

[0021] Furthermore, the working planes of the side platforms 4, the front platform 5 and the top frame 31 are paved with steel mesh.

[0022] Furthermore, the main frame 3, side platform 4 and front platform 5 frames are made of I-beams.

[0023] The working principle of this utility model:

[0024] The utility model designs a platform as a symmetrically assembled left platform 1 and right platform 2. The left platform 1 and the right platform 2 are connected and fixed by four connecting arms 8, so that the platforms can be quickly disassembled and assembled. A limit slot frame 6 is welded below the top frame 31 of the left platform 1 and the right platform 2 to cooperate with the bucket of the excavator 9. The excavator 9 bucket cooperates with the limit slot frame 6 to limit the position. The excavator 9 is operated to lift the left platform 1 and the right platform 2 to move the position, so as to achieve rapid transportation of the left platform 1 and the right platform 2. When the excavator 9 is a backhoe excavator 9, the back of the excavator 9 bucket is clamped into the limit slot frame 6, and the left and right sides of the inner side of the limit slot frame 6 limit the platform from sliding on the back of the excavator 9 bucket. When the excavator 9 is a front shovel excavator 9, the bucket bin of the excavator 9 is clamped into the outer side of the limit slot frame 6, and the front and rear ends of the outer side of the limit slot frame 6 are restricted in the backhoe excavator 9 bucket, so that the platform and the excavator 9 bucket can be limited. The utility model adds side platforms 4 and front platforms 5 on the outside and front ends of the left platform 1 and the right platform 2 as expanded working platforms of the main frame 3. The side platforms 4 and the front platforms 5 are hinged on the main frame 3 and supported by detachable diagonal braces 41. The ladder 7 can be folded upward in two sections to the surface of the side platforms 4, and the diagonal braces 41 can be stored on the support frames 42 on the backs of the side platforms 4 and the front platforms 5, thereby realizing the foldable storage of the expanded platforms of the left platform 1 and the right platform 2.

[0025] The beneficial effects of this utility model compared with the prior art are:

[0026] The utility model adopts a split design for the excavation platform. When excavating a large tunnel, the bucket of the excavator 9 can cooperate with the limit slot frame 6 on the main frame 3 to quickly arrange or transport the platform, solving the problem that the large platform is difficult to transport as a whole. The excavator 9 transfers the platform quickly, which improves the construction efficiency. By setting a connecting arm 8, the tops of the two frames are connected during use, which effectively improves the stability of the frame.

[0027] The side platforms 4, front platform 5 and ladder 7 of the present invention are designed to be foldable structures; the space in the tunnel is limited. If the platform is placed at the edge of the tunnel and still hinders the entry and exit of other equipment, the side platforms 4 and front platform 5 can be folded to facilitate avoiding other equipment in the tunnel. At the same time, it prevents the platform from exceeding the limit during turnover transportation and affecting the passage of other vehicles on the road.

[0028] In the present invention, the support frame 42 on the back of the side platform 4 and the front platform 5 can accommodate the diagonal brace 41, which is convenient for the storage and retrieval of the diagonal brace 41. After the bolts at one end of the four connecting arms 8 are removed, they can be rotatably installed in the fixing holes 81 on the crossbeam of the support frame 32, preventing the diagonal brace 41 and the connecting arms 8 from being lost during transportation after the platform is disassembled. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of Example 2 of the present utility model;

[0030] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the framework of the left stand of Example 2 of the present utility model;

[0031] Figure 3 This is a front view of Example 2 of the present utility model;

[0032] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the folding of the side platform, front platform and ladder in Example 2 of the utility model;

[0033] Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the left stand after folding in Example 2 of the utility model;

[0034] Figure 6 This is a front view of the right stand after folding in Example 2 of the utility model;

[0035] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of Example 1 of the present utility model;

[0036] Figure 8 This is a diagram showing the use state of the right lifting platform of the excavator of the utility model;

[0037] Figure 9 This is a diagram of the usage state of the utility model.

[0038] Numbers in the figure:

[0039] 1-left platform; 2-right platform;

[0040] 3-main frame, 31-top frame, 32-support frame;

[0041] 4-side platform, 41-diagonal brace, 42-support frame;

[0042] 5-front platform; 6-limiting slot frame;

[0043] 7-ladder, 71-first ladder, 72-second ladder;

[0044] 8-connecting arm, 81-fixing hole; 9-excavator. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, its specific implementation methods are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0046] Example 1:

[0047] like Figure 1As shown, an excavation platform for tunnel construction includes a left platform 1 and a right platform 2. The left platform 1 and the right platform 2 are symmetrically arranged in structure, and both include a main frame 3, a side platform 4, a front platform 5 and a limit slot frame 6.

[0048] In the embodiment, when the limit slot frame 6 is welded, the center of the limit slot frame 6 is aligned with the center of gravity axis of the platform to ensure that; the height of the four sides of the limit slot frame 6 is 320 mm, and its height dimension is not less than 300 mm, to prevent the limit height of the limit slot frame 6 from being too low, the limit effect of the limit slot frame 6 is not obvious, and the platform falls off the bucket of the excavator 9.

[0049] In the embodiment, the left and right widths of the inner side of the limiting slot frame 6 are slightly larger than the left and right widths of the outer side of the backhoe bucket 9, ensuring that when the back of the backhoe bucket 9 is inserted into the limiting slot frame 6, the left and right sides of the inner side of the limiting slot frame 6 can restrict the platform from sliding on the back of the bucket of the excavator 9. The front and back widths of the outer side of the limiting slot frame 6 are slightly larger than the front and back widths of the inner side of the face shovel bucket 9, and the spacing between the two support frames 32 on the main frame 3 is larger than the left and right widths of the face shovel bucket 9, ensuring that when the limiting slot frame 6 is inserted into the backhoe bucket 9, the front and back ends of the outer side of the limiting slot frame 6 can be restrained within the backhoe bucket 9.

[0050] In an embodiment, Figure 2 As shown, the top frame 31 on the side of the support frame 32 where the side platform 4 is not provided has four fixing holes 81 arranged in a row on the crossbeam. The left platform 1 and the right platform 2 are connected and fixed by four connecting arms 8. The ends of the connecting arms 8 are screwed into the fixing holes 81 of the left platform 1 and the right platform 2 respectively through the mounting holes.

[0051] The spacing between the four fixing holes 81 on the top frame 31 is the same as the spacing between the two mounting holes on the connecting arms 8. When disconnecting the left platform 1 and the right platform 2, remove one fixing bolt from each of the two connecting arms 8 installed on the left platform 1 and the right platform 2, loosen the other fixing bolt, and then rotate the connecting arms 8 around the loosened bolt as the center of the circle, rotating the four connecting arms 8 two by two to the left platform 1 and the right platform 2 to secure them.

[0052] In order to facilitate the connection between the left platform 1 and the right platform 2, the fixing hole 81 can be set as a strip hole, and the fixing hole 81 is set along the arrangement direction of the frame, that is, during the connection, the two ends of the connecting arm 8 can be adjusted left and right in the fixing hole 81 through bolts.

[0053] In the embodiment, the frames of the top frame 31 , the supporting frame 32 , the side platform 4 , the front platform 5 and the limiting slot frame 6 are made of No. 16 I-beam steel and are welded into a whole.

[0054] As shown in the figure, the two joined frames serve as an excavation platform. Support mesh panels are laid on the surfaces of the top frame 1 and the step frame 3 to facilitate standing by construction workers. This allows small pieces of soil and rock that fall from the working surface and the vault to fall through the gaps in the steel mesh, preventing their accumulation and impacting workers. A ladder 7, located close to the ground, is installed on the side platform 4 outside the main frame 3. Ladder 7 can be fixedly welded or detachably mounted on the side platform 4. If the ladder 7 is detachably mounted, the top of the ladder 7 can be connected by bolts, hooks, or latches.

[0055] Example 2:

[0056] like Figure 2-9 As shown, compared with Example 1, the side platform 4 and the front platform 5 of Example 2 are hinged on the main frame 3, and the top of the ladder 7 is hingedly set at the end of the side platform 4.

[0057] In an embodiment, Figure 3-6 As shown, the side platforms 4 and the front platform 5 are supported on the support frame 32 by detachable diagonal braces 41. The back of the side platforms 4 and the front platform 5 are provided with two sets of support frames 42, and the inner width of the support frames 42 is slightly larger than the width of the diagonal braces 41. Figure 5 As shown, after the side platform 4 and the front platform 5 are folded, the disassembled diagonal brace 41 can be placed on the support frame 42 on the back of the side platform 4 and the front platform 5, and tied with straps to prevent the diagonal brace 41 from being lost during transportation.

[0058] In an embodiment, Figure 3 、 4 As shown, the ladder 7 consists of two hinged sections, including a first ladder 71 and a second ladder 72. This prevents the ladder 7 from being too long and interfering with the tunnel vault when folding and rotating, preventing the side platform 4 from folding. The top of the first ladder 71 is hinged to the crossbeam at the end of the side platform 4, while the top of the second ladder 72 is hinged to the bottom of the first ladder 71. Pin holes are provided at the top of the second ladder 72 and the bottom of the first ladder 71. A pin is inserted into the pin hole to restrict rotation between the first ladder 71 and the second ladder 72.

[0059] Working mode of this utility model:

[0060] When using this device:

[0061] Step 1: Remove the diagonal braces 41 from the support frame 42, then unfold the side platform 4. If the side platform 4 is heavy and difficult to unfold, use mechanical equipment such as an excavator 9 to assist in the platform unfolding. Install the two diagonal braces 41 on both sides of the side platform 4. Bolt the ends of the diagonal braces 41 to the side platform 4 and the support frame 32. The unfolding operation of the front platform 5 is the same as that of the side platform 4. Then unfold the ladder 7. After the first ladder 71 and the second ladder 72 are unfolded, insert the latch into the latch hole at the bottom of the first ladder 71 and the top of the second ladder 72.

[0062] Step 2: Use the bucket of the excavator 9 to cooperate with the limiting slot frames 6 on the left platform 1 and the right platform 2 to move the left platform 1 and the right platform 2 to the working plane of the upper steps in the tunnel respectively. At this time, the left platform 1 and the right platform 2 are placed symmetrically side by side.

[0063] Step 3: Remove one of the staggered fixing bolts of the four connecting arms 8 on the top of the left platform 1 and the right platform 2, and loosen the other fixing bolt. Then rotate the connecting arm 8 with the loosened bolt as the center of the circle, and rotate the other end of the connecting arm 8 fixed on the left platform 1 toward the right platform 2. Rotate until the mounting hole of the connecting arm 8 corresponds to the fixing hole 81 on the right platform 2, that is, rotate until the connecting arm 8 is located between the left platform 1 and the right platform 2, pass the removed bolt through the mounting hole of the connecting arm 8 and screw it into the corresponding fixing hole 81 on the right platform 2, and tighten the bolts at both ends of the connecting arm 8 to complete the connection of the connecting arm 8 to the left platform 1 and the right platform 2. The operation of the connecting arm 8 on the right platform 2 is the same as that of the left platform 1; when all the connecting arms 8 are connected, the connection between the left platform 1 and the right platform 2 is completed.

[0064] Step 4: When the platform needs to be moved to avoid mechanical equipment during use, the bucket of the excavator 9 cooperates with the limit slot frames 6 on the left platform 1 and the right platform 2 to move the left platform 1 and the right platform 2 to a position on the lower step in the tunnel that does not block the passage of mechanical equipment. If the platform blocks the passage of mechanical equipment, the side platform 4 or the front platform 5 can be folded and unfolded when the platform is used again.

[0065] It should be noted that the above detailed introduction to the technical solution of the present invention and the description of the principles of the present invention are intended only to help understand the core concept of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can improve and modify the present invention without departing from the principles of the present invention, and such improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

[0066] Those skilled in the art of the present invention may modify or supplement the specific embodiments described, or adopt similar methods to replace them, as long as they do not deviate from the structure of the present invention or exceed the scope defined by the claims, and all such modifications and additions are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of this utility model patent shall be based on the appended claims.

Claims

1. An excavation platform for tunnel construction, comprising a left platform (1) and a right platform (2), characterized in that: The left platform (1) and the right platform (2) are symmetrically arranged in structure, and both include: The main frame (3) is composed of a top frame (31) and two supporting frames (32), wherein the two supporting frames (32) are arranged on both sides below the top frame (31); A side platform (4) is provided at the upper middle portion of the outer side of the main frame (3) and is used to expand the working platform for construction on both sides of the tunnel. A ladder (7) is provided behind the side platform (4); A front platform (5) is provided at the upper middle portion of the front end of the main frame (3) and is used to provide an expanded working platform for tunnel excavation work surface construction; The limiting slot frame (6) is a square frame structure and is arranged in parallel at the middle position below the top frame (31). It is used to limit the position of the platform on the bucket of the excavator (9) when the excavator (9) transfers the left platform (1) and the right platform (2).

2. The excavation stand for tunnel construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The side platform (4) and the front platform (5) are hinged on the main frame (3), and both sides of the side platform (4) and the front platform (5) are supported on the supporting frame (32) through detachable diagonal braces (41).

3. The excavation stand for tunnel construction according to claim 2, characterized in that: The side platforms (4) and the front platform (5) are both provided with two sets of support frames (42) on their backs. The inner width of the support frames (42) is adapted to the width of the diagonal braces (41). When the side platforms (4) and the front platform (5) are folded, the diagonal braces (41) are placed on the support frames (42).

4. The excavation stand for tunnel construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heights of the four sides of the limiting slot frame (6) are not less than 300 mm.

5. The excavation stand for tunnel construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The left platform (1) and the right platform (2) are connected by a plurality of connecting arms (8), and mounting holes are provided at both ends of the connecting arms (8). A plurality of fixing holes (81) corresponding to the mounting holes of the connecting arms (8) are provided on the inner cross beam of the top frame (31), and the mounting holes at both ends of the connecting arms (8) are fixed to the fixing holes (81) on the left platform (1) and the right platform (2) by bolts respectively; the spacing between the plurality of fixing holes (81) on the top frame (31) is adapted to the spacing between the two mounting holes on the connecting arm (8).

6. The excavation stand for tunnel construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top of the ladder (7) is hingedly arranged at the end of the side platform (4).

7. The excavation stand for tunnel construction according to claim 6, characterized in that: The ladder (7) comprises a first ladder (71) and a second ladder (72), the top of the first ladder (71) is hinged to the end crossbeam of the side platform (4), the top of the second ladder (72) is hinged to the lower end of the first ladder (71), the top of the second ladder (72) and the lower end of the first ladder (71) are provided with latch holes, and the first ladder (71) and the second ladder (72) are restricted from rotating by inserting a latch into the latch hole.

8. The excavation stand for tunnel construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The left and right widths of the inner side of the limiting slot frame (6) are adapted to the left and right widths of the outer side of the bucket of the backhoe excavator (9).

9. The excavation stand for tunnel construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The front-to-back width of the outer side of the limit slot frame (6) is adapted to the front-to-back width of the inner side of the bucket of the face shovel (9), and the spacing between the two support frames (32) on the main frame (3) is greater than the left-right width of the bucket of the face shovel (9).

10. The excavation stand for tunnel construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The working planes of the side platforms (4), the front platform (5) and the top frame (31) are paved with steel mesh; the main frame (3), the side platforms (4) and the front platform (5) are made of I-beams.

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