Fuel cell energy storage peak shaving device and system

Abstract

The utility model discloses a fuel cell energy storage peak regulation device and a fuel cell energy storage peak regulation system, which can be applied to a million kilowatt commercial scene, the whole system is not limited by illumination intensity and illumination quantity, and the application scene and range of the energy storage peak regulation system are expanded. The device comprises a high-voltage power supply assembly; a pure water supply assembly; the water electrolysis assembly is used for electrolyzing water provided by the pure water supply assembly into hydrogen and oxygen according to the electric energy provided by the high-voltage power supply assembly; an air supply assembly; the fuel cell assembly comprises a fuel cell and a control unit; the control unit is used for proportionally mixing the air and oxygen provided by the air supply assembly to generate mixed gas and controlling the flow of the mixed gas and hydrogen entering the fuel cell so as to enable the fuel cell to generate electric energy according to the reaction of the mixed gas and the hydrogen; and the electric energy grid-connected circuit is used for feeding back the electric energy generated by the fuel cell assembly to a power grid.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of fuel cell energy storage peak regulation devices, in particular to a fuel cell energy storage peak regulation device and system. Background Art

[0002] Application number CN201710805634.8 discloses a "fuel cell system" that consists of a photovoltaic collection device, a water electrolysis device, and a fuel cell device. The photovoltaic collection device has multiple photovoltaic panels for collecting sunlight and converting the sunlight's light energy into electrical energy. The water electrolysis device electrolyzes water to produce hydrogen and oxygen based on the electrical energy converted by the photovoltaic collection device, and stores the hydrogen and oxygen in a hydrogen storage tank and an oxygen storage tank, respectively. The fuel cell device includes a control unit and multiple fuel cells. The control unit is used to control the flow of hydrogen and oxygen into each fuel cell, so that each fuel cell generates electrical energy through the reaction of hydrogen and oxygen.

[0003] Although the above system can realize water utilization, it uses photovoltaic panels as the source of electricity for water electrolysis, and its energy conversion capacity is limited, which is restricted to commercial fields of millions of kilowatts; and it is not applicable in some areas with limited light intensity and light amount. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this utility model is to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology and provide a fuel cell energy storage peak-shaving device and system, which can be used in commercial scenarios of millions of kilowatts. The entire system is not limited by light intensity and light amount, and expands the applicable scenarios and scope of the energy storage peak-shaving system.

[0005] The purpose of this utility model is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0006] The first aspect of the present invention provides a fuel cell energy storage peak shaving device, comprising:

[0007] A high-voltage power supply component, which is used to step down and rectify the high voltage;

[0008] A pure water supply component, which is used to process tap water into pure water;

[0009] a water electrolysis component, which electrolyzes the pure water provided by the pure water supply component into hydrogen and oxygen according to the electric energy provided by the high-voltage power supply component;

[0010] An air supply component, wherein the air supply component is used to process air;

[0011] A fuel cell assembly, the fuel cell assembly comprising a fuel cell and a control unit, the control unit being configured to mix air and oxygen provided by the air supply assembly in a proportion to produce a mixed gas and to control the flow of the mixed gas and hydrogen into the fuel cell so that the fuel cell generates electrical energy after a reaction between the mixed gas and the hydrogen;

[0012] An electric energy grid-connected circuit is used to feed the electric energy generated by the fuel cell assembly back to the power grid.

[0013] A second aspect of the present invention provides a fuel cell energy storage peak shaving system, comprising:

[0014] A fuel cell energy storage peak-shaving device as described in the first aspect;

[0015] An oxygen storage tank for storing oxygen electrolyzed by the water electrolysis assembly;

[0016] A hydrogen storage tank is used to store the hydrogen electrolyzed by the water electrolysis assembly.

[0017] The utility model has the following advantages:

[0018] This solution uses a high-voltage power supply component connected to the high-voltage transmission network and a pure water supply component connected to tap water as the power and water sources of the water electrolysis component respectively. The hydrogen and oxygen produced by electrolysis are stored in hydrogen storage tanks and oxygen storage tanks respectively. When releasing energy, the hydrogen in the storage tank and the oxygen mixed with air are sent to the fuel cell. The DC power is fed back to the grid after being inverter-boosted to solve the nonlinear factors after the renewable energy power generation system is integrated into the grid. It can be applied to commercial scenarios of millions of kilowatts, and the entire system is not limited by light intensity and light amount, which expands the applicable scenarios and scope of the energy storage peak-shaving system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the fuel cell energy storage and peak regulation system of the utility model;

[0021] Figure 2 It is a structural diagram of the acquisition control unit;

[0022] Figure 3 The present invention is a schematic structural diagram of an oxygen storage tank and / or a hydrogen storage tank. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] To make the purpose, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Generally, the components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the drawings herein can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0024] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but rather merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0026] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters denote similar items in the following drawings, and therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further defined or explained in subsequent drawings.

[0027] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," "outer," and the like, indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, or are the orientations or positional relationships in which the product of the present invention is typically placed when in use, or are the orientations or positional relationships commonly understood by those skilled in the art. These terms are intended solely to facilitate the description of the present invention and to simplify the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed, or operate in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like are used solely to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0028] It should also be noted that, in the description of this utility model, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "disposed," "installed," "connected," and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; mechanical connections, electrical connections; direct connections, indirect connections through an intermediate medium, and internal connections between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in this utility model based on the specific circumstances.

[0029] The utility model discloses a fuel cell energy storage peak regulation device and system, such as Figure 1 As shown, the fuel cell energy storage and peak-shaving system includes the fuel cell energy storage and peak-shaving device, an oxygen storage tank, and a hydrogen storage tank. The fuel cell energy storage and peak-shaving device includes a high-voltage power supply assembly, a pure water supply assembly, a water electrolysis assembly, an electric energy grid-connected circuit, an air supply assembly, and a fuel cell assembly. The high-voltage power supply assembly is used to step down and rectify the power provided by the high-voltage transmission; the pure water supply assembly is used to treat tap water into pure water; the water electrolysis assembly electrolyzes the water provided by the pure water supply assembly into hydrogen and oxygen based on the electric energy provided by the high-voltage power supply assembly; the air supply assembly is used to treat air; and the fuel cell assembly includes a fuel cell 20 and a control unit. The control unit is used to mix the air and oxygen provided by the air supply assembly in a proportional manner to produce a mixed gas and control the flow rate of the mixed gas and hydrogen entering the fuel cell so that the fuel cell generates electricity from the reaction of the mixed gas and hydrogen. The electric energy grid-connected circuit is used to feed the electricity generated by the fuel cell assembly back to the power grid. The oxygen storage tank is used to store the oxygen electrolyzed by the water electrolysis component; the hydrogen storage tank is used to store the hydrogen electrolyzed by the water electrolysis component.

[0030] The above system uses a high-voltage power supply component to connect to the 10KV~220KV high-voltage transmission network, and a pure water supply component to connect to tap water as the power and water sources of the water electrolysis component respectively. The hydrogen and oxygen produced by electrolysis are stored in hydrogen storage tanks and oxygen storage tanks respectively. When releasing energy, the hydrogen in the storage tank and the oxygen mixed with air are sent to the fuel cell. The DC power is fed back to the grid after being inverted and boosted to solve the nonlinear factors after the renewable energy power generation system is integrated into the grid. It can be applied to commercial scenarios of millions of kilowatts, and the entire system is not limited by light intensity and light amount, which expands the applicable scenarios and scope of the energy storage peak regulation system.

[0031] Specifically, the water electrolysis assembly includes an electrolyzer module 5, an oxygen processing unit connected to the oxygen outlet of the electrolyzer module 5, and a hydrogen processing unit connected to the hydrogen outlet of the electrolyzer module 5.

[0032] There are numerous implementation options for the oxygen and hydrogen processing units. To improve safety and the quality of the oxygen and hydrogen stored in the oxygen and hydrogen storage tanks, the oxygen processing unit includes, in sequence, a first gas-water separator 6, a first dryer 7, an oxygen buffer chamber 8, and an oxygen compressor 9; the hydrogen processing unit includes, in sequence, a second gas-water separator 11, a second dryer 12, a hydrogen buffer chamber 13, and a hydrogen compressor 14. The gas-water separator purifies and dehydrates the moist gas, achieving a primary dehydration process. The dryer performs a secondary dehydration and drying process on the gas separated by the gas-water separator. The buffer chamber buffers the gas, which is then compressed by a compressor and stored in the storage tanks to eliminate operational fluctuations between systems.

[0033] There are many ways to implement the pure water supply component. In order to improve the quality of tap water in the electrolytic water component and increase the service life of the electrolytic water component, the pure water supply component includes a tap water purification device 1, a pure water tank 2, a first water pump 3 and a pure water heat exchanger 4 arranged in sequence; in order to utilize the moisture brought out by the surplus air in the fuel cell, a water separator 21 is connected between the pure water tank 2 and the fuel cell to separate the water in the tail exhaust gas of the fuel cell and transport it to the pure water tank 2, saving tap water consumption, and discharging the separated gas to the outside of the box through the exhaust pipe.

[0034] The high-voltage power supply assembly includes a step-down transformer 32 and a rectifier 33 electrically connected in sequence to step down and rectify the connected 10KV~220KV high-voltage transmission network.

[0035] The control unit includes a first pressure gauge 25 for detecting the pressure in the oxygen storage tank storing the oxygen electrolyzed by the water electrolysis assembly, a first pressure regulating device 24 for adjusting the pressure at the oxygen output port of the oxygen storage tank, a mixer 27 for mixing the ratio of the oxygen output by the first pressure regulating device 24 and the air provided by the air supply assembly, a humidifier 26 for humidifying the gas output by the mixer 27, a second pressure gauge 16 for detecting the pressure in the hydrogen storage tank storing the hydrogen electrolyzed by the water electrolysis assembly, and a second pressure regulating device 17 for adjusting the pressure at the oxygen output port of the hydrogen storage tank.

[0036] In order to improve the quality of the gas in the fuel cell 20, the air supply assembly includes an air filter 31, an air flow meter 30, a supercharger 29 and an intercooler 28 connected in sequence.

[0037] For the safety of the fuel cell 20 , a cooling circuit is connected to the fuel cell 20 . The cooling circuit includes a heat exchanger 22 and a second water pump 23 .

[0038] The high-voltage power supply component, pure water supply component, electrolytic water component, air supply component and fuel cell component are arranged in a box. In order to improve the safety of the system, a hydrogen concentration detector 37 and a fresh air device 38 are arranged in the box, and an air inlet is arranged on the box. The air inlet is preferably set as a one-way air inlet. By arranging each component in a box, this solution overcomes the special requirements of the pumped-storage power station for geographical conditions and hydrological environment with the advantage of the flexibility of the container. The hydrogen concentration in the box is monitored in real time by the hydrogen concentration detector 37. Once the safety threshold is exceeded, the equipment can be shut down remotely and the hydrogen supply valve can be closed to prevent accidents caused by hydrogen leakage; the fresh air device forms a relative negative pressure inside the box by sucking the air inside the box to the outside of the box, and cooperates with the one-way air inlet set at the bottom of the box to maintain fresh air circulation inside the box.

[0039] The container adopts a box structure with certain strength, rigidity and specifications. It is a large container that provides a relatively isolated space for the entire system. The box contains channels that support the exchange of electricity, heat and materials between the system and the outside world, and provides structural support and fixation for the system's various components, assemblies, pipelines, cables, etc.

[0040] In order to improve the utilization rate of hydrogen, the fuel cell 20 is connected to a hydrogen circulation pump 19 through a pipeline to achieve the recovery and utilization of hydrogen not involved in the fuel cell 20.

[0041] The electric energy generated by the fuel cell assembly is fed back to the power grid via the electric energy grid-connected circuit composed of the DC boost device 34 , the inverter 35 , and the boost transformer 36 in sequence.

[0042] To facilitate remote control of the system, the signals of each controllable device in the system are connected to the acquisition and control unit. The acquisition and control unit serves as the central control unit of the entire energy storage peak-shaving system. It uses the programmable logic controller (PLC) as the core computing unit and cooperates with the distributed I / O acquisition module to collect sensor signals and control actuator actions. The entire system is networked based on Ethernet, controller area network and gateway. All sensors and actuators within the system are connected together through physical hard-wired signals or communication interfaces to realize the sharing of internal control system signals. The central control unit controls the system's operating mode and work rhythm. The human-machine interface can be used to view the system's operating status, real-time and historical alarm information, debug operating parameters and export work reports.

[0043] The oxygen storage tank 10 and the hydrogen storage tank 15 can be realized by various structures. In order to improve safety and controllability, for example, Figure 3The structure shown includes a tank body, a first one-way valve 45 connected to the tank body's air inlet pipe, a pressure gauge 46 connected to the tank body's air outlet pipe, a pressure sensor 47, a temperature sensor 48, a humidity sensor 49, a solenoid valve 50, a pressure reducing valve 51, and a proportional valve 52.

[0044] A plurality of oxygen storage tanks 10 and hydrogen storage tanks 15 may be provided. The plurality of oxygen storage tanks 10 and the plurality of hydrogen storage tanks 15 may work in parallel.

[0045] Specifically, such as Figure 2 As shown, the data acquisition control unit includes a programmable logic controller (PLC) 40, a distributed I / O acquisition module 41, an Ethernet switch 42, a human-machine interface (HMI) 43, and an Ethernet-to-CAN gateway 44. The distributed I / O acquisition module 41 is used to connect to various data acquisition units and controllable devices in the system. The data acquisition units include, but are not limited to, a hydrogen concentration detector 37, a pressure sensor 47, a temperature sensor 48, a humidity sensor 49, and a liquid level sensor. The controllable devices include, but are not limited to, a solenoid valve 50, a pressure reducing valve 51, and a proportional valve 52. The Ethernet-to-CAN gateway 44 is used to electrically connect to the electrolytic cell, water pump, compressor, fuel cell, circulation pump, booster pump, DC boost device, and other components of the water electrolysis assembly to achieve operational status control.

[0046] The hydrogen storage tank 15 serves as the main energy storage device. When storing energy, the hydrogen generated by electrolysis in the electrolyzer is filtered, purified, dried, and pressurized before being transported to the underground hydrogen storage tank for storage. When releasing energy, the hydrogen is supplied to the fuel cell for power generation. The volume or quantity of the tank can be increased according to the energy storage capacity requirements, and its pressure serves as the key parameter for the energy storage cutoff and energy release cutoff of the energy storage system.

[0047] The oxygen storage tank 10 serves as an auxiliary gas storage device. When storing energy, the oxygen generated by electrolysis in the electrolyzer is filtered, purified, dried, and pressurized before being transported to an underground oxygen storage tank for storage. When releasing energy, the oxygen is released and mixed with air for use by the fuel cell to generate electricity. The volume or quantity of the tank can be increased according to the energy storage capacity requirements, and its pressure is not a key parameter for the energy storage cutoff and energy release cutoff of the energy storage system.

[0048] Using the above system, when the grid load is low, the electrolytic cell of the water electrolysis assembly is turned on as the grid load, and the step-down transformer and rectifier work together to provide the DC power required for electrolysis. The first water pump 3 dynamically delivers pure water to the electrolytic cell based on the electrolysis power. The pure water heat exchanger adjusts the temperature of the pure water entering the electrolytic cell to keep it within a suitable operating temperature range. The pure water tank serves as a buffer component between the water purification device and the water pump. A liquid level sensor can be installed to enable the collection and control system to control the water purification device to purify tap water and replenish water downstream. The moist oxygen and hydrogen produced by electrolysis are first purified and dehydrated in the gas-water separator, and further dehydrated and dried in the dryer. Finally, they are pressurized by the compressor and transported to the corresponding gas storage tank for storage. A low-pressure gas buffer chamber is provided between the compression equipment and the drying device to eliminate operating fluctuations between the systems. The oxygen storage tank 10 and the hydrogen storage tank 15 are placed underground and can be expanded in volume or quantity as needed.

[0049] During peak grid load, the fuel cell is turned on. The pressure regulating device can be an integrated assembly of a pressure reducing valve, an on-off valve, and a proportional valve. The proportional valve regulates the oxygen and hydrogen intake flow rates of the system. The heat exchanger adjusts the temperature of the hydrogen entering the fuel cell to maintain it within a suitable operating temperature range. Hydrogen that has not yet reacted within the fuel cell is collected and pressurized by the hydrogen circulation pump and then re-enters the fuel cell to improve hydrogen utilization and overall power generation efficiency. External fresh air is filtered through an air filter to remove impurities. An air flow meter calculates the air intake volume. The supercharger increases the intake pressure. The compressed high-temperature air is cooled by an intercooler and evenly mixed with oxygen released from the underground oxygen storage tank 10. After humidification, it is transported to the fuel cell cathode to participate in the electrochemical reaction. Excess air carries away water generated within the fuel cell. A portion of the water is recycled and reused in the pure water tank through the water separator 21, and the remaining gas is discharged into the atmosphere as a tail gas. The internal cooling circuit exchanges system heat with the external heat dissipation circuit through the heat exchanger to achieve cooling. The electricity generated by the fuel cell is boosted to a relatively high voltage by the DC boost device. Finally, it is inverted by the inverter and secondary boosted by the transformer before being integrated into the grid.

[0050] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features therein. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fuel cell energy storage peak shaving device, characterized in that: include: A high-voltage power supply component, which is used to step down and rectify high-voltage electricity; A pure water supply component, which is used to process tap water into pure water; a water electrolysis component, which electrolyzes the pure water provided by the pure water supply component into hydrogen and oxygen according to the electric energy provided by the high-voltage power supply component; An air supply component, wherein the air supply component is used to process air; A fuel cell assembly, the fuel cell assembly comprising a fuel cell (20) and a control unit, the control unit being used to mix the air and oxygen provided by the air supply assembly in a proportion to generate a mixed gas and to control the flow of the mixed gas and hydrogen into the fuel cell so that the fuel cell generates electrical energy after the reaction of the mixed gas and hydrogen; An electric energy grid-connected circuit is used to feed the electric energy generated by the fuel cell assembly back to the power grid.

2. A fuel cell energy storage peak-shaving device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water electrolysis assembly comprises an electrolyzer module (5), an oxygen processing unit connected to the oxygen outlet of the electrolyzer module (5), and a hydrogen processing unit connected to the hydrogen outlet of the electrolyzer module (5).

3. A fuel cell energy storage peak-shaving device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The oxygen processing unit comprises a first gas-water separator (6), a first dryer (7), an oxygen buffer chamber (8), and an oxygen compressor (9) which are arranged in sequence; and / or the hydrogen processing unit comprises a second gas-water separator (11), a second dryer (12), a hydrogen buffer chamber (13), and a hydrogen compressor (14) which are arranged in sequence.

4. A fuel cell energy storage peak-shaving device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pure water supply assembly comprises a tap water purification device (1), a pure water tank (2), a first water pump (3) and a pure water heat exchanger (4) which are arranged in sequence; A water separator (21) is connected between the pure water tank (2) and the fuel cell (20) to separate water from the tail gas of the fuel cell (20) and transport the water to the pure water tank (2).

5. A fuel cell energy storage peak shaving device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control unit comprises: A first pressure gauge (25) for detecting the pressure in the oxygen storage tank storing the oxygen electrolyzed by the water electrolysis assembly; A first pressure regulating device (24) for regulating the pressure of the oxygen output port of the oxygen storage tank; A mixer (27) for mixing the oxygen output by the first pressure regulating device (24) with the air provided by the air supply assembly; a humidifier (26) for humidifying the output gas of the mixer (27); A second pressure gauge (16) for detecting the pressure in a hydrogen storage tank storing hydrogen electrolyzed by the water electrolysis assembly; A second pressure regulating device (17) is used to regulate the pressure of the oxygen output port of the hydrogen storage tank.

6. A fuel cell energy storage peak-shaving device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air supply assembly comprises an air filter (31), an air flow meter (30), a supercharger (29) and an intercooler (28) which are connected in sequence.

7. The fuel cell energy storage peak-shaving device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fuel cell (20) is connected to a cooling circuit, which includes a heat exchanger (22) and a second water pump (23).

8. The fuel cell energy storage peak-shaving device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-voltage power supply assembly, pure water supply assembly, water electrolysis assembly, air supply assembly and fuel cell assembly are arranged in a box body, a hydrogen concentration detector (37) and a fresh air device (38) are arranged in the box body, and an air inlet is arranged on the box body.

9. A fuel cell energy storage peak regulation system, characterized in that: include: A fuel cell energy storage peak-shaving device according to any one of claims 1 to 8; An oxygen storage tank (10) for storing oxygen electrolyzed by the water electrolysis assembly; A hydrogen storage tank (15) is used to store hydrogen electrolyzed by the water electrolysis assembly.

10. A fuel cell energy storage peak-shaving system according to claim 9, characterized in that: The oxygen storage tank (10) and / or hydrogen storage tank (15) comprises a tank body, a first one-way valve (45) connected to an air inlet pipe of the tank body, a pressure gauge (46) connected to an air outlet pipe of the tank body, a pressure sensor (47), a temperature sensor (48), a humidity sensor (49), a solenoid valve (50), a pressure reducing valve (51), and a proportional valve (52).

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