Multi-sensor environment monitoring circuit based on unmanned aerial vehicle

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of multi-sensor environment monitoring, in particular to a multi-sensor environment monitoring circuit based on an unmanned aerial vehicle. The system comprises a power supply module, a sensor module, a data processing module and a data transmission module, the power supply module comprises a voltage distribution unit, the sensor module comprises an amplification filtering unit, and the data processing module comprises an analog-to-digital conversion unit. According to the utility model, through the voltage distribution unit in the power supply module, by utilizing the multi-voltage output circuit, and by changing the resistance values of the resistor R1 and the resistor R2, the magnitude of the output voltage is regulated and controlled, thereby ensuring that corresponding voltages can be provided for working voltages required by different types of sensors, ensuring that each sensor can work normally, and meanwhile, ensuring that each sensor can work normally. Power supply voltage is reasonably distributed, and the energy-saving purpose is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of multi-sensor environmental monitoring, in particular to a multi-sensor environmental monitoring circuit based on an unmanned aerial vehicle. Background Art

[0002] Drone-based multi-sensor environmental monitoring is a technology that uses drone platforms equipped with multiple sensors to conduct real-time and efficient monitoring of the environment. It can not only cover areas that are difficult to reach with traditional monitoring methods, such as mountainous areas, swamps, and water areas, but can also quickly respond to environmental events such as leaks or accidents. The multiple sensors include air quality sensors, temperature and humidity sensors, light sensors, and particulate matter sensors.

[0003] Since each sensor has a different monitoring range of the environment, the operating voltage required for it is also different. Considering that the UAV has a limited load and cannot carry too much power, in order to ensure that the power supply can distribute the voltage according to the operating voltage required by the sensor and realize the effective distribution of energy, at the same time, reduce the impact of environmental noise on the sensor and improve the accuracy of monitoring, we propose a multi-sensor environmental monitoring circuit based on UAV. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of the present utility model is to provide a multi-sensor environmental monitoring circuit based on an unmanned aerial vehicle to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the utility model provides a multi-sensor environment monitoring circuit based on an unmanned aerial vehicle, comprising a power supply module, a sensor module, a data processing module and a data transmission module, wherein the power supply module includes a voltage distribution unit, the sensor module includes an amplification and filtering unit, and the data processing module includes an analog-to-digital conversion unit;

[0006] The power supply module distributes the voltage according to the working voltage required by different sensors through the voltage distribution unit to ensure the normal operation of the sensors. The sensor module amplifies and filters the collected signals through the amplification and filtering unit, and uses the analog-to-digital conversion unit of the data processing module to convert the analog signals into digital signals, which are then transmitted by the data transmission module.

[0007] As a further improvement of the present technical solution, the voltage distribution unit includes a multi-voltage output circuit, wherein the multi-voltage output circuit includes a voltage regulator LM, a voltage regulator diode VD and an inductor L;

[0008] Pin 1 of the voltage regulator LM is connected to the input voltage UI and to one end of the capacitor C1, pin 4 of the voltage regulator LM is connected to one end of the resistor R1 and to one end of the resistor R2, the other end of the resistor R1 is connected to the other end of the capacitor C1 and to pins 3 and 5 of the voltage regulator LM, pin 2 of the voltage regulator LM is connected to the cathode of the voltage regulator diode VD and to one end of the inductor L, the other end of the inductor L is connected to one end of the capacitor C3 and to the other end of the resistor R2, the capacitor C2 is connected in parallel to the resistor R2, and the capacitor C3 is connected in parallel to the output voltage UO.

[0009] As a further improvement of the present technical solution, the amplifying and filtering unit includes an amplifying and filtering circuit, wherein the amplifying and filtering circuit includes a transistor Q1, a transistor Q2 and an operational amplifier A;

[0010] The base of the transistor Q1 is connected to one end of the resistor R3 and to one end of the resistor R4, the other end of the resistor R3 is connected to the positive electrode of the input voltage UI, the emitter of the transistor Q1 is connected to the negative electrode of the input voltage UI, the collector of the transistor Q1 is connected to one end of the resistor R5 and to one end of the resistor R6, the other end of the resistor R6 is connected to pin 2 of the operational amplifier A and to one end of the resistor R8 and one end of the capacitor C4, pin 3 of the operational amplifier A is connected to one end of the resistor R7, the other end of the resistor R7 is grounded, pin 1 of the operational amplifier A is connected to the base of the transistor Q2 and to one end of the resistor R8 and the other end of the capacitor C4, the collector of the transistor Q2 is connected to one end of the resistor R9 and to the positive electrode of the output voltage UO, the resistor R9 is connected in parallel to the resistors R5 and R4 and to the power supply VCC, and the emitter of the transistor Q2 is connected to the negative electrode of the output voltage UO.

[0011] As a further improvement of the present technical solution, the amplifying and filtering circuit of the amplifying and filtering unit first performs a first-stage amplification on the input voltage, then performs a low-pass filtering, and finally performs a second-stage amplification.

[0012] As a further improvement of the present technical solution, the analog-to-digital conversion unit converts the analog signals monitored by each sensor into digital signals through a parallel comparison type analog-to-digital converter.

[0013] As a further improvement of the present technical solution, the data transmission module adopts a Wi-Fi module ESP8266 to transmit the processed data to a receiving device of the ground control station.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0015] 1. This multi-sensor environmental monitoring circuit for drones uses a voltage distribution unit within the power supply module and a multi-voltage output circuit to adjust the output voltage by changing the resistance values ​​of resistors R1 and R2. This ensures that the corresponding operating voltage required by different types of sensors is provided, ensuring that each sensor can operate normally. At the same time, the power supply voltage is reasonably distributed to achieve energy saving.

[0016] 2. Through the amplification and filtering circuit in the amplification and filtering unit, the signal monitored by the sensor is first amplified, then low-pass filtered, and finally amplified in the second stage to prevent the monitored signal from being directly amplified. The noise signal is also amplified at the same time, which affects the subsequent analog-to-digital conversion and causes inaccurate monitoring results. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 This is the overall flow chart of the utility model;

[0018] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the overall details of the utility model;

[0019] Figure 3 This is a flow chart of the data processing module of the present utility model;

[0020] Figure 4 This is a multi-voltage output circuit diagram of the utility model;

[0021] Figure 5 This is the amplifying and filtering circuit diagram of the utility model.

[0022] The meaning of each number in the figure is:

[0023] 100, power supply module; 110, voltage distribution unit; 200, sensor module; 210, amplification and filtering unit; 300, data processing module; 310, analog-to-digital conversion unit; 400, data transmission module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The following will be combined with the drawings in the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] See also Figure 1-Figure 5As shown, the utility model provides a multi-sensor environment monitoring circuit based on a drone, including a power supply module 100, a sensor module 200, a data processing module 300 and a data transmission module 400. The power supply module 100 includes a voltage distribution unit 110, the sensor module 200 includes an amplification and filtering unit 210, and the data processing module 300 includes an analog-to-digital conversion unit 310.

[0026] The power supply module 100 distributes the voltage to different sensors according to the working voltage required by them through the voltage distribution unit 110 to ensure the normal operation of the sensors. The sensor module 200 amplifies and filters the collected signals through the amplification and filtering unit 210, and uses the analog-to-digital conversion unit 310 of the data processing module 300 to convert the analog signals into digital signals, and then the data transmission module 400 transmits the data.

[0027] The improvement of the present invention is:

[0028] Since each sensor has a different monitoring range of the environment, the working voltage required by it during operation is also different. Considering that the drone has a limited load and cannot carry too much power, in order to ensure that the power supply can distribute the voltage according to the working voltage required by the sensor, realize effective distribution of energy, and at the same time reduce the impact of environmental noise on the sensor and improve the accuracy of monitoring, the voltage distribution unit 110 in the power supply module 100 uses a multi-voltage output circuit to adjust the output voltage by changing the resistance values ​​of the resistors R1 and R2, thereby ensuring that the corresponding voltage can be provided for the working voltage required by different types of sensors, ensuring that each sensor can work normally. At the same time, the power supply voltage is reasonably distributed to achieve the purpose of energy saving. Through the amplification and filtering circuit in the amplification and filtering unit 210, the signal monitored by the sensor is first amplified in the first stage, then low-pass filtered, and finally amplified in the second stage to prevent the monitored signal from being directly amplified. The noise signal therein is also amplified at the same time, affecting the subsequent analog-to-digital conversion, resulting in inaccurate monitoring results.

[0029] In order to distribute the voltages of different sensors according to their required working voltages, the voltage distribution unit 110 includes a multi-voltage output circuit, wherein the multi-voltage output circuit includes a voltage regulator LM, a voltage regulator diode VD and an inductor L;

[0030] Pin 1 of the voltage regulator LM is connected to the input voltage UI and to one end of the capacitor C1. Pin 4 of the voltage regulator LM is connected to one end of the resistor R1 and to one end of the resistor R2. The other end of the resistor R1 is connected to the other end of the capacitor C1 and to pins 3 and 5 of the voltage regulator LM. Pin 2 of the voltage regulator LM is connected to the cathode of the Zener diode VD and to one end of the inductor L. The other end of the inductor L is connected to one end of the capacitor C3 and to the other end of the resistor R2. The capacitor C2 is connected to the resistor R2 in parallel. The capacitor C3 is connected to the output voltage UO in parallel.

[0031] The voltage regulator LM is the LM2596, which provides all active functions for a step-down switching regulator. It is capable of outputting a 3A drive current and is available in fixed output voltages of 3.3V, 5V, and 12V, as well as adjustable output versions. It has excellent linearity and load regulation characteristics and operates at a switching frequency of 150kHz, allowing for smaller filter components. Its self-protection features include a two-stage frequency reduction current limit for the output switch and a thermal shutdown for full protection under fault conditions.

[0032] In this circuit, resistors R1 and R2 form a voltage-divider resistor network. The inductor L is used to control the performance of the converter. The larger the inductance value, the smaller the output voltage ripple, but the circuit response speed will be slower; the smaller the inductance value, the larger the ripple, but the response speed will be faster. Capacitor C1 is used to filter out low-frequency noise and fluctuations in the input voltage, and capacitor C3 is used to filter out high-frequency noise and ripple in the output voltage, improving the stability of the output voltage. The output duty cycle is automatically adjusted based on the voltage information fed back by the voltage-divider resistor network formed by resistors R1 and R2, thereby adjusting the output voltage.

[0033] In order to prevent the noise signal from being amplified simultaneously when the monitored signal is directly amplified, thereby affecting the subsequent analog-to-digital conversion and causing inaccurate monitoring results, the amplification and filtering unit 210 includes an amplification and filtering circuit, wherein the amplification and filtering circuit includes a transistor Q1, a transistor Q2 and an operational amplifier A;

[0034] The base of transistor Q1 is connected to one end of resistor R3 and one end of resistor R4, the other end of resistor R3 is connected to the positive electrode of input voltage UI, the emitter of transistor Q1 is connected to the negative electrode of input voltage UI, the collector of transistor Q1 is connected to one end of resistor R5 and one end of resistor R6, the other end of resistor R6 is connected to pin 2 of operational amplifier A and one end of resistor R8 and one end of capacitor C4, pin 3 of operational amplifier A is connected to one end of resistor R7, the other end of resistor R7 is grounded, pin 1 of operational amplifier A is connected to the base of transistor Q2 and one end of resistor R8 and the other end of capacitor C4, the collector of transistor Q2 is connected to one end of resistor R9 and the positive electrode of output voltage UO, resistor R9 is connected in parallel to resistor R5 and resistor R4 and the power supply VCC, and the emitter of transistor Q2 is connected to the negative electrode of output voltage UO;

[0035] In this circuit, a first-stage amplifier circuit is formed by transistor Q1 and resistors R3, R4, R5, and R6. When the input voltage UI changes slightly, the base current of transistor Q1 will change. According to the current amplification effect of transistor Q1, the collector current of transistor Q1 will be amplified. Due to the increase in the collector current of transistor Q1, the voltage on resistor R6 will increase, thereby achieving a first-stage amplification of the input voltage UI.

[0036] The voltage amplified by the first-stage amplifier circuit is connected to the filter circuit composed of operational amplifier A, resistors R7, R8, and capacitor C4. Due to the virtual short and virtual open characteristics of operational amplifier A, the voltages at the non-inverting input terminal 2 and the inverting input terminal 1 are approximately equal (virtual short), and the current flowing into the inverting input terminal 1 is approximately zero (virtual open). The input voltage passes through the low-pass filter network composed of resistor R8 and capacitor C4, and is low-pass filtered.

[0037] The voltage after low-pass filtering by the filter circuit is amplified twice by a diode amplifier circuit composed of transistor Q2 and resistor R9. The principle is the same as that of the amplifier circuit to obtain the output voltage UO.

[0038] In order to better eliminate the interference of noise, the amplifying and filtering circuit of the amplifying and filtering unit 210 first amplifies the input voltage, then performs low-pass filtering, and finally performs two-stage amplification;

[0039] The input voltage UI enters the first-stage amplifier circuit for amplification to obtain an amplified voltage signal. This signal then enters the low-pass filter circuit. Since the capacitive reactance of the capacitor decreases with increasing frequency, high-frequency noise signals are more easily bypassed to the ground through the capacitor, thereby filtering out high-frequency noise and allowing only low-frequency useful signals to pass. The filtered signal then enters the second-stage amplifier circuit for further amplification to a suitable amplitude, which is convenient for subsequent processing. Filtering before the next stage of amplification can effectively suppress the influence of high-frequency noise, improve the quality of the output signal of the entire circuit, and ensure the accuracy and reliability of the sensor's signal detection.

[0040] In order to better convert the analog signal into a digital signal, the analog-to-digital conversion unit 310 converts the analog signal monitored by each sensor into a digital signal through a parallel comparison type analog-to-digital converter;

[0041] Parallel comparator ADCs utilize parallel processing technology, converting all bits simultaneously. Their conversion rates typically reach nanoseconds or even higher, making them the fastest of all ADCs, far exceeding those of other ADC types. They are particularly well-suited for applications requiring extremely high speed, such as video signal processing and high-speed data acquisition. Using precise voltage-divider resistor networks and high-speed comparators, they achieve high conversion accuracy. Although their resolution is limited by the number of comparators and circuit design, they can still meet the requirements of high-precision applications within a certain range, enabling better conversion of analog signals into digital signals.

[0042] In order to transmit data faster, the data transmission module 400 uses a Wi-Fi module ESP8266 to transmit the processed data to the receiving device of the ground control station;

[0043] The ESP8266 Wi-Fi module supports multiple working modes and can flexibly adapt to various network application scenarios to meet the connection requirements of devices in different network environments. It can provide relatively high-speed and stable wireless data transmission, ensuring smooth data transmission in applications such as smart home control and video surveillance, achieving rapid response and efficient communication between devices, thereby enabling faster data transmission.

[0044] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are merely preferred examples of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Various changes and improvements may be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and such changes and improvements fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of protection claimed in the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A multi-sensor environmental monitoring circuit based on an unmanned aerial vehicle, characterized by: The invention comprises a power supply module (100), a sensor module (200), a data processing module (300) and a data transmission module (400), wherein the power supply module (100) comprises a voltage distribution unit (110), the sensor module (200) comprises an amplification and filtering unit (210), and the data processing module (300) comprises an analog-to-digital conversion unit (310); The power supply module (100) distributes voltages to different sensors according to their required operating voltages through the voltage distribution unit (110), thereby ensuring the normal operation of the sensors. The sensor module (200) amplifies and filters the collected signals through the amplification and filtering unit (210), and converts the analog signals into digital signals using the analog-to-digital conversion unit (310) of the data processing module (300), which are then transmitted by the data transmission module (400).

2. The multi-sensor environmental monitoring circuit based on a drone according to claim 1, characterized in that: The voltage distribution unit (110) includes a multi-voltage output circuit, wherein the multi-voltage output circuit includes a voltage stabilizer LM, a voltage stabilizing diode VD and an inductor L; Pin 1 of the voltage regulator LM is connected to the input voltage UI and to one end of the capacitor C1, pin 4 of the voltage regulator LM is connected to one end of the resistor R1 and to one end of the resistor R2, the other end of the resistor R1 is connected to the other end of the capacitor C1 and to pins 3 and 5 of the voltage regulator LM, pin 2 of the voltage regulator LM is connected to the cathode of the voltage regulator diode VD and to one end of the inductor L, the other end of the inductor L is connected to one end of the capacitor C3 and to the other end of the resistor R2, the capacitor C2 is connected in parallel to the resistor R2, and the capacitor C3 is connected in parallel to the output voltage UO.

3. The multi-sensor environmental monitoring circuit based on a drone according to claim 1, characterized in that: The amplifying and filtering unit (210) comprises an amplifying and filtering circuit, wherein the amplifying and filtering circuit comprises a transistor Q1, a transistor Q2 and an operational amplifier A; The base of the transistor Q1 is connected to one end of the resistor R3 and to one end of the resistor R4, the other end of the resistor R3 is connected to the positive electrode of the input voltage UI, the emitter of the transistor Q1 is connected to the negative electrode of the input voltage UI, the collector of the transistor Q1 is connected to one end of the resistor R5 and to one end of the resistor R6, the other end of the resistor R6 is connected to pin 2 of the operational amplifier A and to one end of the resistor R8 and one end of the capacitor C4, pin 3 of the operational amplifier A is connected to one end of the resistor R7, the other end of the resistor R7 is grounded, pin 1 of the operational amplifier A is connected to the base of the transistor Q2 and to one end of the resistor R8 and the other end of the capacitor C4, the collector of the transistor Q2 is connected to one end of the resistor R9 and to the positive electrode of the output voltage UO, the resistor R9 is connected in parallel to the resistors R5 and R4 and to the power supply VCC, and the emitter of the transistor Q2 is connected to the negative electrode of the output voltage UO.

4. The multi-sensor environmental monitoring circuit based on a drone according to claim 3, characterized in that: The amplifying and filtering circuit of the amplifying and filtering unit (210) first performs a first-stage amplification on the input voltage, then performs a low-pass filtering, and finally performs a second-stage amplification.

5. The multi-sensor environment monitoring circuit based on a drone according to claim 1, characterized in that: The analog-to-digital conversion unit (310) converts the analog signals monitored by each sensor into digital signals through a parallel comparison type analog-to-digital converter.

6. The multi-sensor environment monitoring circuit based on a drone according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data transmission module (400) uses a Wi-Fi module ESP8266 to transmit the processed data to a receiving device of a ground control station.

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