Permanent magnet motor capable of realizing multi-section speed regulation

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the technical field of motors, and discloses a permanent magnet motor capable of multi-stage speed regulation. Comprising a stator winding, the stator winding is composed of multiple groups of unit windings, and each unit winding is composed of coils which are adjacent in space; the unit windings are provided with independent outgoing lines; the outgoing line is electrically connected with the gear shifter, the gear shifter is electrically connected with the motor driver, and the gear shifter comprises a switch. According to the technical scheme of the utility model, the connection between one or more specified unit windings and the motor driver is cut off or connected through the switch in the gear shifter, so that the corresponding unit windings can be in an isolated or working state, thereby changing the parameters of the permanent magnet motor in a multi-stage manner, realizing the multi-stage speed regulation of the motor, and improving the reliability of the motor. And a wide speed regulation range is obtained.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of motors, and particularly relates to a permanent magnet motor capable of multi-stage speed regulation. Background Art

[0002] Currently, wide speed regulation ranges for permanent magnet motors are primarily achieved through field-weakening speed expansion and winding state switching. In the field-weakening speed expansion method, the motor's parameters remain unchanged and are implemented solely through the motor driver's control strategy. This typically limits the speed regulation range, and field-weakening operation reduces motor efficiency. Winding state switching, on the other hand, modifies the motor's parameters, enabling a wider speed range. Common winding state switching methods fall into two categories: one involves changing the series and parallel connections of the windings, as exemplified by patent applications with publication numbers CN118074438A and CN116743030A. This winding state switching method involves all windings participating in energy conversion before and after switching, requiring numerous switches. Consequently, only a limited number of gears can be achieved. The other method involves grouping multiple turns of coils during winding insertion, with switches between groups. The number of turns engaged in operation is determined by the on / off switching, thereby achieving winding state switching. This method is exemplified by utility model patent application CN211456840U. This method can achieve more gears, but the coils must be grouped and switches must be left when they are off the line. The manufacturing process is complicated and the manufacturability is poor. Utility Model Content

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a permanent magnet motor with multi-stage speed regulation, which can cut off or connect the connection between one or more specified unit windings and the motor driver through the switch in the shifter, so that the corresponding unit windings can be in isolation or working state, thereby changing the permanent magnet motor parameters in multiple stages, realizing multi-stage speed regulation of the motor, and obtaining a wide speed regulation range.

[0004] In order to achieve the above purpose, the utility model adopts the following technical solutions:

[0005] A multi-speed adjustable permanent magnet motor includes a stator winding, wherein the stator winding is composed of multiple groups of unit windings, and the unit windings are composed of coils adjacent to each other in space; the unit windings are provided with independent lead wires; the lead wires are electrically connected to a shifter, and the shifter is electrically connected to a motor driver, and the shifter includes a switch.

[0006] Furthermore, the unit winding is composed of spatially adjacent coils, the coils are evenly distributed among the three phases, and the number of coils is an integer multiple of the minimum number of coils required to independently drive the rotor to rotate.

[0007] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0008] 1. The stator winding is composed of multiple groups of unit windings. Each group of unit windings can independently drive the rotor assembly to rotate under the control of the motor driver. The switch in the shifter is used to cut off or connect the connection between one or more specified unit windings and the motor driver. The gear switching is simple, and the corresponding unit windings can be isolated or working, thereby changing the permanent magnet motor parameters in multiple stages, realizing multi-stage speed regulation of the motor and obtaining a wide speed regulation range.

[0009] 2. The unit winding is provided with an independent lead wire. This winding switching method uses fewer switches and, during the motor manufacturing process, the coils do not need to be grouped when they are offline, thus improving the motor manufacturing process. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0010] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a permanent magnet motor with multi-speed regulation;

[0011] Figure 2 The 48-slot 40-pole motor winding includes the C1, C2, C3, and C4 unit windings.

[0012] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the winding when the number of parallel branches of the motor winding is 1;

[0013] Figure 4 for Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the winding when the number of parallel branches of the motor winding is 2;

[0014] In the figure: 1. Multi-speed adjustable permanent magnet motor; 2. Shifter; 3. Motor driver; 4. Independent lead wires; 5. Unit winding; 6. Switch. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0015] The technical solution of the utility model is described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments and corresponding drawings so that those skilled in the art can more clearly understand the technical solution of the utility model, but this does not limit the protection scope of the utility model.

[0016] like Figure 1 、 Figure 2 、 Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, a multi-stage speed-adjustable permanent magnet motor includes a stator winding 1, which is composed of multiple groups of unit windings 5, each of which is composed of spatially adjacent coils. Each unit winding 5 is provided with independent lead wires 4. The lead wires 4 are electrically connected to a shifter 2, which is electrically connected to a motor driver 3. The shifter 2 includes one or more switches 6. Each group of unit windings 5 ​​can independently drive the rotation of the rotor assembly under the control of the motor driver 3. Upon receiving a shift command, the shifter 2 can connect or disconnect a designated switch. Upon receiving a shift command, the switch 6 in the shifter 2 disconnects or connects the designated one or more unit windings 5 ​​from the motor driver 3, placing the corresponding unit windings 5 ​​in an isolated or active state, thereby varying the permanent magnet motor parameters in multiple stages. The motor driver 3 can output a current with adjustable voltage and frequency that matches the motor to drive the motor in different gears, thereby achieving multi-stage speed regulation of the motor and obtaining a wide speed regulation range. Preferably, the unit winding 5 is composed of spatially adjacent coils, the coils are evenly distributed among the three phases, and the number of coils is an integer multiple of the minimum number of coils required to independently drive the rotor to rotate.

[0017] like Figure 2 As shown in FIG. 1 , a winding diagram of all coils of a 48-slot, 40-pole, multi-speed adjustable permanent magnet motor is shown, wherein four groups of identical unit windings 5 ​​are C1, C2, C3, and C4, and each group of unit windings 5 ​​can independently drive the rotor assembly to rotate under the control of the motor driver 3 .

[0018] like Figure 3As shown, when the four groups of unit windings form a parallel branch, the switch 6 includes K1, K2, K3 and K4. After the shifter 2 receives the shift command, the switches K1, K2, K3 and K4 can be connected or disconnected. The switch 6 cuts off the connection between one or more groups of unit windings 5 ​​in a parallel branch and the motor driver 3, so that the unit winding 5 can be isolated, thereby changing the back electromotive force of the permanent magnet motor to achieve a wide speed regulation range. For example: when K1, K2, and K3 are disconnected and K4 is closed, the C1, C2, C3, and C4 unit windings are working, and the motor back EMF is the sum of the back EMFs of the C1, C2, C3, and C4 unit windings; when K1, K2, and K4 are disconnected and K3 is closed, the C1, C2, and C3 unit windings are working, and the C4 unit winding is isolated. The motor back EMF is the sum of the back EMFs of the C1, C2, and C3 unit windings, and the back EMF is 3 / 4 of the back EMF when all unit windings are working; when When K1, K3, and K4 are disconnected and K2 is closed, the C1 and C2 unit windings are working, and the C3 and C4 unit windings are isolated. The motor back EMF is the sum of the back EMFs of the C1 and C2 unit windings, and the back EMF is 1 / 2 of when all unit windings are working; when K2, K3, and K4 are disconnected and K1 is closed, the C1 unit winding is working, and the C2, C3, and C4 unit windings are isolated. The motor back EMF is the C1 back EMF, and the back EMF is 1 / 4 of when all unit windings are working.

[0019] like Figure 4 As shown, when four groups of unit windings 5 ​​form two parallel branches, the switch 6 includes K1, K2, K3, and K4. By disconnecting one or more groups of unit windings 5 ​​within the two parallel branches from the motor driver 3, the switch 6 can be used to isolate the unit windings 5, thereby changing the back EMF of the permanent magnet motor and achieving a wide speed regulation range. For example, when K1 and K3 are disconnected and K2 and K4 are closed, all unit windings operate, and the motor back EMF is the back EMF when all unit windings operate, that is, the sum of C1 and C2, and also the sum of C3 and C4. When K2 and K4 are disconnected and K1 and K3 are closed, C1 and C3 operate, C2 and C4 are isolated, and the motor back EMF is 1 / 2 of the back EMF when all unit windings operate. That is, the back EMF of C1 is also the back EMF of C3.

[0020] In the above, by adjusting the isolation of the unit windings by switches, the motor parameters are changed in multiple stages, so that the motor can obtain a wide range of speed regulation. During the segmented speed regulation process, some unit windings in the motor will be isolated, that is, they cannot generate magnetic fields and torque. At the same time, the back electromotive force of the isolated unit windings will not be superimposed on the motor back electromotive force, which is conducive to the improvement of the maximum speed of the motor, that is, the maximum operating speed of the motor increases with the increase in the number of isolated unit windings. It can be seen that the technical solution of the present utility model is very suitable for occasions with a very wide speed regulation range and segmented adjustment requirements.

[0021] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the described embodiments. For those skilled in the art, various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations of these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention are still within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A permanent magnet motor with multi-speed control, comprising a stator winding (1), characterized in that: The stator winding (1) is composed of a plurality of unit windings (5), each of which is composed of coils adjacent to each other in space; the unit windings (5) are provided with independent lead wires (4); the lead wires (4) are electrically connected to a shifter (2), the shifter (2) is electrically connected to a motor driver (3), and the shifter (2) includes a switch (6).

2. The multi-speed adjustable permanent magnet motor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The unit winding (5) is composed of spatially adjacent coils, the coils are evenly distributed among three phases, and the number of coils is an integer multiple of the minimum number of coils required to independently drive the rotor to rotate.

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