Automatic double-sided film laminating machine for hollow glass
By designing an automatic double-sided laminating machine for insulating glass and using cylinder-driven movable pressure rollers and hot fuse racks, efficient lamination of multiple-sized glasses is achieved, solving the problems of low lamination efficiency and inconvenient replacement, and improving lamination accuracy and cleanliness.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202423091649.7
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-16
- Publication Date
- 2025-10-14
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-12-16
AI Technical Summary
When laminating insulating glass, due to the different glass sizes, corresponding laminating structures need to be used, resulting in low laminating efficiency, slow double-sided laminating speed, and inconvenient replacement of laminating rolls, affecting overall efficiency.
The automatic double-sided laminating machine for insulating glass is designed, which includes a feeding roller, laminating components and auxiliary components. It adopts a cylinder-driven movable pressure roller and a thermal fuse rack to realize automatic lamination of multiple sizes of glass. The thickness of the glass is detected online by a thickness gauge to ensure accuracy.
It achieves efficient lamination of multiple insulating glass panels of different sizes, with a wide lamination range and simple replacement of film rolls, which improves work efficiency and ensures the accuracy and cleanliness of the lamination.
Smart Images

Figure CN223432506U_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The utility model relates to laminating machine technical field, concretely is hollow glass automatic double -sided laminating machine. BACKGROUND
[0002] Hollow glass is with two or more glass, use high strength high air tightness compound binder, with the aluminum alloy frame that contains dry agent in the glass piece and bond, make the high -efficient sound -insulation and heat -insulation glass, in order to carry transport and the process of installation protection glass, prevent surface from being scratched, will cover protective film on the both sides of hollow glass.
[0003] But the hollow glass of current market covers film because glass size is different, needs to use corresponding specification laminating structure, leads to laminating efficiency low, double -sided laminating, laminating speed is slow, and laminating roll is inconvenient to replace when using, and multiple factors lead to laminating efficiency low. UTILITY MODEL CONTENTS
[0004] The utility model provides hollow glass automatic double -sided laminating machine can effectively solve the problem that the hollow glass laminating efficiency is low in the background art, and the laminating efficiency is low because the glass size is different, and the laminating efficiency is low, and the laminating speed is slow, and the laminating roll is inconvenient to replace when using, and multiple factors lead to laminating efficiency low.
[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the utility model provides the following technical scheme: hollow glass automatic double -sided laminating machine, including the feeding roller way, the feeding roller way one side evenly distributes a plurality of middle roller way, and the laminating assembly is installed between adjacent middle roller way, and the laminating assembly includes replacement frame;
[0006] Replacement frame is installed between adjacent middle roller way, and the film hanging frame is slidably connected in the replacement frame, and the upper film roll is installed at the top end of the film hanging frame, and the lower film roll is installed at the bottom end of the film hanging frame;
[0007] The upper bracket is installed at the replacement frame close to the upper film roll, and the lower bracket is installed at the replacement frame close to the lower film roll;
[0008] The movable compression roller is installed at the bottom end of one side of the upper bracket through the pneumatic cylinder, and the lower rubber coating roller is installed at the side close to the movable compression roller of one side of the lower bracket through the pneumatic cylinder;
[0009] The movable suction cup frame is installed in the middle part of the upper bracket and the lower bracket through the pneumatic cylinder, and the hot melting wire frame is installed at one side of the movable suction cup frame through the pneumatic cylinder, and the hot melting wire is installed in the hot melting wire frame;
[0010] The hot melting wire in the upper bracket is installed with auxiliary film pressing frame on one side through the pneumatic cylinder, and the high pressure air nozzle is installed on one side of the hot melting wire in the lower bracket through the pneumatic cylinder;
[0011] The upper bracket is provided with an upper coating roller on one side of the auxiliary film pressing bracket through a pneumatic cylinder, the film hanging bracket is symmetrically provided with a circular cutting roller in the middle, the circular cutting roller is provided with a circular cutting knife at both ends, and the replacement bracket is provided with a lower feeding roller at one end away from the upper feeding roller.
[0012] According to the technical scheme, the upper film roll and the lower film roll are rotatably clamped and installed in the film roll bracket, one end of the film roll bracket is provided with a film unwinding motor, and the output shaft ends of the two film unwinding motors of the same replacement bracket are movably clamped with the upper film roll and the lower film roll respectively.
[0013] According to the technical scheme, the upper feeding roller, the middle roller and the lower feeding roller are aligned in the top surface, and the film hanging bracket is provided with a guide roller near the upper film roll and the lower film roll.
[0014] According to the technical scheme, the central axes of the upper film roll and the lower film roll are parallel to each other and in the same vertical plane, the central axes of the movable pressing roller and the lower coating roller are parallel to each other and in the same vertical plane, and the central axes of the auxiliary film pressing bracket and the high-pressure air nozzle are parallel to each other and in the same vertical plane.
[0015] According to the technical scheme, the number of the replacement brackets is seven, and the length of the upper film roll is an arithmetic sequence.
[0016] According to the technical scheme, the upper feeding roller, the middle roller and the lower feeding roller are aligned in the top surface, and the film hanging bracket is provided with a guide roller near the upper film roll and the lower film roll.
[0017] The upper feeding roller is provided with a thickness measuring instrument on one side of the top surface, the middle roller is provided with a front pressing roller on one side of the replacement bracket through a pneumatic cylinder, the middle roller is provided with a rear pressing roller on the other side of the replacement bracket through a pneumatic cylinder, the lower feeding roller is provided with a cleaning box in the middle of the top surface, two cleaning rollers are symmetrically rotatably installed between the two cleaning boxes, and a limiting roller group is installed in the inside of the upper feeding roller.
[0018] According to the technical scheme, the front pressing roller and the rear pressing roller are at the same horizontal height, and the front pressing roller and the rear pressing roller are of the same size.
[0019] According to the technical scheme, the output end of the thickness measuring instrument and the input end of the external controller are electrically connected, the output end of the external controller is electrically connected with the output end of the film unwinding motor, the output end of the external controller is electrically connected with the output end of the hot melting wire, the output end of the external controller is electrically connected with the pneumatic cylinder of the movable pressing roller, the output end of the external controller is electrically connected with the pneumatic cylinder of the lower coating roller, the output end of the external controller is electrically connected with the pneumatic cylinder of the movable suction disc bracket, the output end of the external controller is electrically connected with the pneumatic cylinder of the hot melting wire bracket, the output end of the external controller is electrically connected with the pneumatic cylinder of the auxiliary film pressing bracket, the output end of the external controller is electrically connected with the pneumatic cylinder of the high-pressure air nozzle, the output end of the external controller is electrically connected with the pneumatic cylinder of the upper coating roller, the output end of the external controller is electrically connected with the pneumatic cylinder of the circular cutting roller, the output end of the external controller is electrically connected with the pneumatic cylinder of the front pressing roller, and the output end of the external controller is electrically connected with the pneumatic cylinder of the rear pressing roller.
[0020] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the utility model are:
[0021] 1. The film covering assembly is provided, glass is on line, and is placed on the top surface of the feeding roller, the upper bracket is lowered to drive the movable compression roller to tightly adhere to the upper surface of the glass, the film covering operation of the upper film roll and the lower film roll of each film hanging rack is completed, the size of the upper film roll and the lower film roll of each film hanging rack is different, the film covering operation of multiple hollow glass plates with different sizes can be simultaneously performed, the film covering range is wider, and the film covering efficiency is high;
[0022] When the upper film roll and the lower film roll of the film hanging rack need to be replaced, the film hanging rack can be pulled out from the replacement rack, and one person can complete the film replacement, the replacement is simple, the working efficiency is effectively improved, the number of the film hanging racks is relatively large, the size of the upper film roll and the lower film roll of each film hanging rack is different, the film covering operation of multiple hollow glass plates with different sizes can be simultaneously performed, the film covering range is wider, and the film covering efficiency is high.
[0023] 2. The auxiliary assembly is provided with a thickness measuring instrument to complete online detection of the glass thickness, so as to facilitate subsequent adjustment and fixation of the glass, and the front compression roller is accurately lowered under the driving of the air cylinder to compress the glass and ensure the precision of the glass film covering;
[0024] After the film cutting of one glass is completed, the round cutter quickly leaves the glass surface to return to the original position under the action of the air cylinder, the rear compression roller is raised to return to the original position under the action of the air cylinder after completing the film covering of the glass end, the film covering process is completed, and the cleaning roller is used for cleaning to remove the cutting edge residues and other sundries adhered to the outside of the film covering, so that the outside of the glass after film covering is kept clean.
[0025] In summary, the film covering assembly can simultaneously perform the film covering operation on multiple hollow glass plates with different sizes, the film covering range is wider, the film covering efficiency is high, the replacement of the upper film roll and the lower film roll of each film hanging rack is independent and fast, the auxiliary assembly ensures the precision and cleanliness of the glass film covering, and the two assemblies are matched with each other to make the film covering effect better. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0026] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present application, constitute a part of the specification, and are used to explain the present application together with the embodiments of the present application, and do not constitute a limitation on the present application.
[0027] In the drawings:
[0028] Figure 1 is a structural schematic view of the present application;
[0029] Figure 2 is a structural schematic view of the film covering assembly of the present application;
[0030] Figure 3 is a mounting structural schematic view of the hot melting wire of the present application;
[0031] Figure 4 is a mounting structural schematic view of the upper bracket of the present application;
[0032] Figure 5 It is a structural diagram of the auxiliary component of the utility model;
[0033] Numbers in the figure: 1, loading roller; 2, middle roller;
[0034] 3. Laminating assembly; 301. Replacement rack; 302. Film hanging rack; 303. Upper film roll; 304. Lower film roll; 305. Film roll rack; 306. Unwinding motor; 307. Movable pressure roller; 308. Lower rubber-coating roller; 309. Movable suction cup rack; 310. Thermal fuse rack; 311. Thermal fuse; 312. Auxiliary laminating rack; 313. High-pressure air nozzle; 314. Upper rubber-coating roller; 315. Circular cutting roller; 316. Circular cutting knife; 317. Guide roller; 318. Upper bracket; 319. Lower bracket;
[0035] 4. Unloading roller;
[0036] 5. Auxiliary components; 501. Thickness measuring instrument; 502. Front pressure roller; 503. Rear pressure roller; 504. Cleaning box; 505. Cleaning roller; 506. Limiting roller group. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0037] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are only used to illustrate and explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.
[0038] Example: Figures 1-5 As shown, the utility model provides a technical solution for an automatic double-sided laminating machine for insulating glass, comprising a feeding roller 1, a plurality of middle rollers 2 evenly distributed on one side of the feeding roller 1, a laminating assembly 3 installed between adjacent middle rollers 2, and the laminating assembly 3 comprising a replacement rack 301, a film hanging rack 302, an upper film roll 303, a lower film roll 304, a film roll rack 305, an unwinding motor 306, a movable pressure roller 307, a lower rubber coating roller 308, a movable suction cup rack 309, a hot melt rack 310, a hot melt 311, an auxiliary laminating rack 312, a high-pressure gas nozzle 313, an upper rubber coating roller 314, a circular cutting roller 315, a circular cutting knife 316, a guide roller 317, an upper bracket 318 and a lower bracket 319;
[0039] The top of the film roll 303 is connected to the top of the film roll 304, and the top of the film roll 304 is connected to the top of the film roll 305.
[0040] An upper bracket 318 is installed on the replacement rack 301 near the upper film roll 303, and a lower bracket 319 is installed on the replacement rack 301 near the lower film roll 304;
[0041] A movable pressing roller 307 is installed on the bottom end of one side of the upper bracket 318 through a cylinder, and a lower rubber-coated roller 308 is installed on one side of the lower bracket 319 near the movable pressing roller 307 through a cylinder;
[0042] The middle of the upper bracket 318 and the lower bracket 319 are both installed with a movable suction cup frame 309 through a cylinder. A thermal fuse frame 310 is installed on one side of the movable suction cup frame 309 through a cylinder. A thermal fuse 311 is installed inside the thermal fuse frame 310.
[0043] One side of the hot fuse 311 in the upper bracket 318 is provided with an auxiliary film pressing frame 312 through a cylinder, and one side of the hot fuse 311 in the lower bracket 319 is provided with a high-pressure gas nozzle 313 through a cylinder. The central axes of the upper film roll 303 and the lower film roll 304 are parallel to each other and in the same vertical plane. The central axes of the movable pressure roller 307 and the lower rubberized roller 308 are parallel to each other and in the same vertical plane. The central axes of the auxiliary film pressing frame 312 and the high-pressure gas nozzle 313 are parallel to each other and in the same vertical plane, so as to maintain the accuracy of film conveying;
[0044] An upper rubber coating roller 314 is installed on one side of the auxiliary film pressing frame 312 in the upper bracket 318 through a cylinder, and a circular cutting roller 315 is symmetrically installed in the middle of the film hanging frame 302. Circular cutting knives 316 are connected to both ends of the circular cutting roller 315, and a discharge roller 4 is installed on the end of the replacement frame 301 away from the loading roller 1.
[0045] Auxiliary components 5 are installed on the top surfaces of the loading roller 1, the middle roller 2 and the unloading roller 4. The auxiliary components 5 include a thickness measuring instrument 501, a front pressure roller 502, a rear pressure roller 503, a cleaning box 504, a cleaning roller 505 and a limit roller group 506;
[0046] The top surface of the feeding roller table 1 is provided with a thickness measuring instrument 501, the top surface of the middle roller table 2 is provided with a front pressing roller 502 through a cylinder at one side of the replacement frame 301, the top surface of the middle roller table 2 is provided with a rear pressing roller 503 through a cylinder at the other side of the replacement frame 301, the front pressing roller 502 and the rear pressing roller 503 are at the same horizontal height, and the front pressing roller 502 and the rear pressing roller 503 are of the same size, so that the glass can be stably conveyed, the top surface of the discharging roller table 4 is provided with cleaning boxes 504 in the middle, and cleaning rollers 505 are symmetrically and rotatably arranged between the two cleaning boxes 504, the inside of the feeding roller table 1 is provided with a limiting roller group 506, the output end of the thickness measuring instrument 501 and the input end of an external controller are electrically connected, the unwinding motor 306, the hot melting wire 311, the cylinder of the movable pressing roller 307, the cylinder of the lower rubber coating roller 308, the cylinder of the movable suction disc frame 309, the cylinder of the hot melting wire frame 310, the cylinder of the auxiliary film pressing frame 312, the cylinder of the high-pressure air nozzle 313, the cylinder of the upper rubber coating roller 314, the cylinder of the circular cutting roller 315, the cylinder of the front pressing roller 502 and the cylinder of the rear pressing roller 503 are electrically connected with the output end of the external controller respectively, and the input end of the external controller and the output end of an external power source are electrically connected, so that all the electrical equipment can work normally.
[0047] The working principle and use process of the utility model are as follows: the glass is placed on the top surface of the feeding roller table 1, and the thickness measuring instrument 501 completes online detection of the thickness of the glass, so as to facilitate subsequent adjustment and fixing of the glass, the unwinding motor 306 unwinds the upper film roll 303 and the lower film roll 304, and the film unwound from the upper film roll 303 is below the movable pressing roller 307, and the film unwound from the lower film roll 304 is above the lower rubber coating roller 308.
[0048] When the glass approaches the front pressing roller 502, the front pressing roller 502 accurately descends under the drive of the cylinder, and the glass is pressed, and the glass is continuously conveyed into the film hanging frame 302, the upper support 318 descends and drives the movable pressing roller 307 to tightly adhere to the upper surface of the glass, the lower rubber coating roller 308 rises and tightly adheres to the lower surface of the glass under the action of the cylinder, at this time, the film ends of the upper film roll 303 and the lower film roll 304 are attached to the two side surfaces of the glass, the upper and lower movable suction disc frames 309 are tightly adhered to the top surface and the bottom surface of the glass respectively under the action of the cylinder, and the film hanging is realized.
[0049] The movable suction disc frame 309 is powered off and quickly separates from the surface of the glass under the action of the cylinder, the auxiliary film pressing frame 312 quickly approaches the upper surface of the glass under the action of the cylinder, the film of about 20mm at the front end of the film is hung on the glass, the high-pressure air nozzle 313 releases the air pressure and extrudes the film of about 20mm in length at the end of the lower surface of the glass on the surface of the glass, so that the film end is attached to the two side surfaces of the glass.
[0050] When the upper rubber coating roller 314 contacts the glass, the auxiliary film pressing frame 312 quickly separates from the glass and returns to the original position, and at the same time, the high-pressure air nozzle 313 stops releasing the air, and the front pressing roller 502 rises to the original position.
[0051] When the glass reaches the bottom of the circular cutter 316, the upper and lower circular cutters 316 drive the circular cutter roller 315 with the circular cutter 316 under the drive of the cylinder to move, and the circular cutter 316 quickly sticks to the surface of the glass. As the glass moves forward, the circular cutter 316 cuts off the excess film on the glass;
[0052] When the glass reaches the bottom of the rear pressure roller 503 at the outlet end, the front pressure roller 502 and the rear pressure roller 503 stick to the glass under the action of the cylinder, clamping the glass and continuing to move forward. When the end of the glass approaches the movable pressure roller 307, the movable pressure roller 307 and the lower rubberized roller 308 quickly leave the glass surface under the action of the cylinder;
[0053] When the glass is about to be coated, the upper and lower movable suction cup frames 309 are driven by the cylinder to quickly approach the glass and suck the film. After the film is completely adhered, the upper and lower movable suction cup frames 309 are driven by the cylinder to quickly leave the glass surface, so that the film and the glass surface form an angle. At this time, the power supply of the thermal fuse 311 can be started. The thermal fuse frame 310 is pushed by the cylinder to approach the inclined film and cut the film. At the same time, the upper and lower movable suction cup frames 309 suck the film and quickly return to their original position under the drive of the cylinder.
[0054] Next, the hot melt wire 311 quickly leaves the film and returns to its original position under the action of the cylinder. The glass continues to be squeezed by the upper coating roller 314 and the top surface of the middle roller 2 under continuous transportation, so that the film continues to adhere to the outer side of the glass. After the end coating is completed, the upper coating roller 314 returns to its original position under the action of the cylinder.
[0055] After the film is cut on a piece of glass, the circular cutter 316 is quickly moved away from the glass surface and returned to its original position under the action of the cylinder. After the rear pressure roller 503 has finished laminating the end of the glass, it is raised and returned to its original position under the action of the cylinder, completing the laminating process. The rear pressure roller 503 is then cleaned by the cleaning roller 505 to remove the trimming residue and other debris adhering to the outside of the laminating film, completing the laminating operation.
[0056] When the upper film roll 303 and the lower film roll 304 of the film hanging rack 302 are used up and need to be replaced, only the film hanging rack 302 needs to be pulled out from the replacement rack 301, and one person can complete the film replacement. The replacement is simple and the work efficiency is effectively improved. There are a large number of film hanging racks 302, and the upper film roll 303 and the lower film roll 304 of each film hanging rack 302 are of different sizes. A plurality of insulating glass panels of different sizes can be coated at the same time, with a wider coating range and high coating efficiency.
[0057] Finally, it should be noted that: the above is only the preferred examples of the present application, and is not intended to limit the present application, although the foregoing embodiments of the present application are described in detail, for those skilled in the art, it still can be modified, or part of the technical features of the equivalent replacement. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present application, shall be included within the scope of the present application.
Claims
1. An automatic double-sided laminating machine for insulating glass, comprising a feeding roller (1), characterized in that: A plurality of middle rollers (2) are evenly distributed on one side of the loading roller (1), and a laminating assembly (3) is installed between adjacent middle rollers (2), wherein the laminating assembly (3) includes a replacement rack (301); A replacement rack (301) is installed between adjacent middle rollers (2), a film hanging rack (302) is slidably engaged inside the replacement rack (301), an upper film roll (303) is installed at the top end of the film hanging rack (302), and a lower film roll (304) is installed at the bottom end of the film hanging rack (302); The replacement rack (301) is provided with an upper bracket (318) near the upper film roll (303), and the replacement rack (301) is provided with a lower bracket (319) near the lower film roll (304); A movable pressure roller (307) is installed at the bottom end of one side of the upper bracket (318) via a cylinder, and a lower rubber-coated roller (308) is installed at one side of the lower bracket (319) near the movable pressure roller (307) via a cylinder. A movable suction cup frame (309) is installed in the middle of both the upper bracket (318) and the lower bracket (319) via a cylinder, a thermal fuse frame (310) is installed on one side of the movable suction cup frame (309) via a cylinder, and a thermal fuse (311) is installed inside the thermal fuse frame (310); One side of the thermal fuse (311) in the upper bracket (318) is provided with an auxiliary film pressing frame (312) via a cylinder, and one side of the thermal fuse (311) in the lower bracket (319) is provided with a high-pressure air nozzle (313) via a cylinder; An upper rubber-coated roller (314) is installed on one side of the auxiliary film pressing frame (312) in the upper bracket (318) through a cylinder, and a circular cutting roller (315) is symmetrically installed in the middle of the film hanging frame (302). Circular cutting knives (316) are sleeved on both ends of the circular cutting roller (315), and a discharge roller (4) is installed on one end of the replacement frame (301) away from the loading roller (1).
2. The automatic double-sided laminating machine for insulating glass according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper film roll (303) and the lower film roll (304) are both rotatably mounted inside the film roll rack (305), and a reeling motor (306) is mounted at one end of the film roll rack (305). The output shaft ends of the two reeling motors (306) of the same replacement rack (301) are movably mounted on the upper film roll (303) and the lower film roll (304).
3. The automatic double-sided laminating machine for insulating glass according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top surfaces of the loading roller (1), the middle roller (2) and the unloading roller (4) are aligned, and the film hanging rack (302) is provided with guide rollers (317) near the upper film roll (303) and the lower film roll (304).
4. The automatic double-sided laminating machine for insulating glass according to claim 1, characterized in that: The central axes of the upper film roll (303) and the lower film roll (304) are parallel to each other and are located in the same vertical plane. The central axes of the movable pressing roller (307) and the lower rubber-coated roller (308) are parallel to each other and are located in the same vertical plane. The central axes of the auxiliary film pressing frame (312) and the high-pressure air nozzle (313) are parallel to each other and are located in the same vertical plane.
5. The automatic double-sided laminating machine for insulating glass according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of the replacement racks (301) is seven, and the length of the upper film roll (303) is an arithmetic progression.
6. The automatic double-sided laminating machine for insulating glass according to claim 2, characterized in that: Auxiliary components (5) are installed on the top surfaces of the upper roller (1), the middle roller (2) and the lower roller (4), and the auxiliary components (5) include a thickness measuring instrument (501); A thickness measuring instrument (501) is installed on one side of the top surface of the loading roller (1); a front pressure roller (502) is installed on the top surface of the middle roller (2) at a position on one side of the replacement frame (301) through a cylinder; a rear pressure roller (503) is installed on the top surface of the middle roller (2) at a position on the other side of the replacement frame (301) through a cylinder; a cleaning box (504) is installed in the middle of the top surface of the unloading roller (4); a cleaning roller (505) is symmetrically installed between the two cleaning boxes (504); and a limiting roller group (506) is installed inside the loading roller (1).
7. The automatic double-sided laminating machine for insulating glass according to claim 6, characterized in that: The front pressing roller (502) and the rear pressing roller (503) are at the same horizontal height, and the front pressing roller (502) and the rear pressing roller (503) have the same size.
8. The automatic double-sided laminating machine for insulating glass according to claim 6, characterized in that: The output end of the thickness measuring instrument (501) is electrically connected to the input end of the external controller, and the unwinding motor (306), the thermal fuse (311), the cylinder of the movable pressure roller (307), the cylinder of the lower rubber-coated roller (308), the cylinder of the movable suction cup frame (309), the cylinder of the thermal fuse frame (310), the cylinder of the auxiliary film pressing frame (312), the cylinder of the high-pressure air nozzle (313), the cylinder of the upper rubber-coated roller (314), the cylinder of the circular cutting roller (315), the cylinder of the front pressure roller (502), and the cylinder of the rear pressure roller (503) are electrically connected to the output end of the external controller respectively, and the input end of the external controller is electrically connected to the output end of the external power supply.