Piston cooling system and engine
By setting up cooling oil passages in the piston cooling system, the oil flows through multiple oil passages in sequence and is directly sprayed into the piston cavity, solving the problem of poor piston cooling effect, improving the cooling effect and reducing the risk of failure.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202520278259.6
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-02-20
- Publication Date
- 2025-11-21
- Estimated Expiration
- 2035-02-20
AI Technical Summary
In existing technologies, the piston cooling nozzles are too close to the connecting rod, crankshaft, etc., resulting in poor cooling effect and easy to cause cylinder scoring and other failures.
A piston cooling system is designed by setting up cooling oil passages, including a first oil passage, a second oil passage, and a third oil passage. Oil flows through these oil passages in sequence and is then sprayed into the piston cavity through the first oil hole to achieve direct cooling.
It improves piston cooling, reduces the possibility of cylinder scoring and other failures, reduces the number of parts, and has a simple structure with high reliability.
Smart Images
Figure CN223578055U_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of engine, especially a piston cooling system and engine. BACKGROUND
[0002] This part provides only background information related to the present disclosure, which is not necessarily prior art.
[0003] With the continuous improvement of engine explosion pressure and strengthening degree, the piston bears higher thermal load, in order to strengthen the cooling of the piston, the piston cooling nozzle is usually fixedly installed on the engine oil way, and the engine oil in the engine oil way is sprayed to the piston cavity through the piston cooling nozzle, so that the piston is cooled.
[0004] But due to the limitation of structure arrangement, the piston cooling nozzle is close to the connecting rod, crankshaft and other distances, and the nozzle pipe position is fixed, which leads to poor cooling effect, and easily causes cylinder pulling and other failures. UTILITY MODEL CONTENTS
[0005] The utility model discloses a kind of piston cooling systems, and the purpose of at least solving the problem of poor piston cooling effect. The purpose is realized by the following technical scheme:
[0006] The first aspect of the utility model proposes a kind of piston cooling systems, comprising:
[0007] Piston, is equipped with piston cavity;
[0008] Connecting rod, including stem and respectively being located at the opposite ends of the stem first head and second head, the first head is installed in the piston cavity, the connecting rod is equipped with cooling oil circuit passing through the first head, the stem and the second head, the cooling oil circuit is communicated with the piston cavity, and is used to provide cooling oil to the piston cavity;
[0009] The cooling oil circuit includes first oil channel arranged in the second head, second oil channel arranged in the stem and third oil channel arranged in the first head, the first oil channel, the second oil channel and the third oil channel are communicated in sequence, the first head is equipped with first oil hole, and the first oil hole is used to spray oil in the cooling oil circuit into the piston cavity.
[0010] The piston cooling system of the utility model discloses a cooling oil circuit is set up, cooling oil circuit includes setting in the first oil channel of second head, setting in the second oil channel of stem and setting in the third oil channel of first head, and the top of first head is equipped with the first oil hole that communicates with cooling oil circuit, when cooling the piston, oil flows through first oil channel, second oil channel and third oil channel in proper order, and the oil that enters third oil channel sprays to piston inner chamber through first oil hole.
[0011] In addition, the piston cooling system according to the utility model can also have the following additional technical features:
[0012] In some embodiments of the utility model, the axis of the first oil hole coincides with the axis of the piston inner cavity.
[0013] In some embodiments of the utility model, the first head is a connecting rod small head, the second head is a connecting rod big head, the connecting rod big head is provided with a connecting rod big head hole, the first oil channel is arranged in the connecting rod big head hole, a connecting rod bearing is arranged in the connecting rod big head hole, and an oil groove in communication with the first oil channel is arranged on the connecting rod bearing.
[0014] In some embodiments of the utility model, a plurality of second oil holes are arranged on the connecting rod bearing, and the first oil channel communicates with the oil groove through the second oil holes.
[0015] In some embodiments of the utility model, the oil groove is arranged on the inner circumferential surface of the connecting rod bearing along the circumferential direction of the connecting rod bearing.
[0016] In some embodiments of the utility model, the connecting rod bearing includes an upper connecting rod bearing and a lower connecting rod bearing, the upper connecting rod bearing and the lower connecting rod bearing are arranged in the connecting rod big head hole in a clamped manner, and the oil groove is arranged on the inner circumferential surface of the upper connecting rod bearing.
[0017] In some embodiments of the utility model, the plurality of second oil holes are arranged at intervals along the extension direction of the oil groove.
[0018] In some embodiments of the utility model, the connecting rod small head is provided with a connecting rod small head hole, the third oil channel is arranged in the connecting rod small head hole, and the third oil channel is arranged on the inner circumferential surface of the connecting rod small head hole along the circumferential direction of the connecting rod small head hole.
[0019] In some embodiments of the utility model, the second oil channel is arranged at an included angle with the center line in the length direction of the stem, and the included angle is an acute angle.
[0020] Another aspect of the utility model provides a kind of engine, including the piston cooling system as any of the above. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0021] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments with reference to the drawings. The drawings are for purposes of illustration only and are not to be construed as limiting the utility model. Furthermore, in the accompanying drawings, like reference numerals refer to same or similar functionalities throughout the several views. In the drawings:
[0022] Figure 1 Structure schematic view of piston cooling system according to the utility model embodiment is schematically shown;
[0023] Figure 2 For Figure 1 Sectional view at A-A in the middle;
[0024] Figure 3 Partial structure schematic view of connecting rod of piston cooling system according to the utility model embodiment in the first visual angle is schematically shown;
[0025] Figure 4 Partial structure schematic view of connecting rod of piston cooling system according to the utility model embodiment in the second visual angle is schematically shown;
[0026] Figure 5 Structure schematic of connecting rod upper bearing bush of piston cooling system according to the utility model embodiment is schematically shown Figure 1 ;
[0027] Figure 6 Structure schematic of connecting rod upper bearing bush of piston cooling system according to the utility model embodiment is schematically shown Figure 2 .
[0028] Reference signs are as follows:
[0029] 1, piston;10, piston inner cavity;
[0030] 2, connecting rod;20, rod body;201, second oil passage;21, second head;211, first oil passage;212, connecting rod bearing bush;2121, connecting rod upper bearing bush;2122, connecting rod lower bearing bush;2123, oil groove;2124, second oil hole;213, connecting rod cover;22, first head;221, third oil passage;222, first oil hole;23, connecting rod bushing;
[0031] 3, crankshaft;
[0032] 4, piston pin. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0033] Example embodiments of the present disclosure will be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings. While example embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it is understood that the present disclosure can be embodied in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the present disclosure to those skilled in the art.
[0034] It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular example embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The terms "comprises", "comprising", "includes", "including" and "has" are inclusive and therefore specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof. The method steps, processes, and operations described herein are not to be construed as necessarily requiring their performance in the particular order in which they are described, unless specifically identified as an order dependent step. It is also to be understood that additional or alternative steps can be employed.
[0035] Although the terms first, second, third, and the like can be used herein to describe various elements, components, regions, layers and / or sections, these elements, components, regions, layers and / or sections should not be limited by these terms. These terms can be only used to distinguish one element, component, region, layer or section from another region, layer or section. Terms such as "first", "second", and other numerical terms when used herein do not imply a sequence or order unless clearly indicated by the context. Thus, a first element, component, region, layer or section discussed below could be termed a second element, component, region, layer or section without departing from the teachings of the example embodiments.
[0036] Spatially relative terms, such as "inner", "outer", "beneath", "below", "lower", "above", "upper", and the like, can be used herein for ease of description to describe one element or feature's relationship to another element(s) or feature(s) as illustrated in the figures. Spatially relative terms can be intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures is turned over, elements described as "below" or "beneath" other elements or features would then be oriented "above" or "over" the other elements or features. Thus, the example term "below" can encompass both an orientation of above and below. The devices can be otherwise oriented (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.
[0037] Because the piston top directly contacts with high-temperature gas, the highest temperature of the gas can reach 2500K or above, so the temperature of the piston is also high, for example, the temperature of the piston top can reach 600-700K. The high temperature can decrease the mechanical strength of the piston material and increase the thermal expansion of the piston, which can easily damage the cooperation between the piston and its related parts. Therefore, it is very important to effectively cool the piston.
[0038] In the related art, the piston cooling nozzle is usually fixedly installed on the engine oil passage, and the engine oil in the engine oil passage is sprayed into the inner cavity of the piston through the piston cooling nozzle to cool the piston.
[0039] However, due to the limitation of the structure arrangement, the piston cooling nozzle is close to the connecting rod and the crankshaft, and the nozzle pipe is fixed, so it is difficult to ensure that the piston nozzle pipe sprays to the center of the inner cavity (the highest temperature position) during the up-down movement of the piston, the cooling effect is poor, and the piston is prone to failure such as cylinder pulling.
[0040] Therefore, the piston cooling system provided in the embodiments is provided to solve the above technical problems by setting the cooling oil passage composed of the first oil passage 211, the second oil passage 201 and the third oil passage 221, and directly spraying the oil in the cooling oil passage into the inner cavity 10 of the piston through the first oil hole 222, so as to improve the cooling effect of the piston 1.
[0041] As shown in Figures 1 to 6 According to the embodiments of the utility model, a piston cooling system is provided, which comprises a piston 1 and a connecting rod 2. The piston 1 is provided with an inner cavity 10. The connecting rod 2 comprises a rod body 20 and first and second head portions 22 and 21 respectively arranged at opposite ends of the rod body 20. The first head portion 22 is installed in the inner cavity 10 of the piston. The connecting rod 2 is provided with a cooling oil passage penetrating through the first head portion 22, the rod body 20 and the second head portion 21. The cooling oil passage is in communication with the inner cavity 10 of the piston and is used to provide oil to the inner cavity 10 of the piston.
[0042] The cooling oil passage comprises a first oil passage 211 arranged at the second head portion 21, a second oil passage 201 arranged at the rod body 20 and a third oil passage 221 arranged at the first head portion 22. The first, second and third oil passages 211, 201 and 221 are in sequence communication. The first head portion 22 is provided with a first oil hole 222. The first oil hole 222 is used to spray the oil in the cooling oil passage into the inner cavity 10 of the piston.
[0043] The piston cooling system of the utility model discloses a cooling oil circuit is set up, the cooling oil circuit includes the first oil channel 211 of setting in the second head 21, the second oil channel 201 of setting in the rod body 20 and the third oil channel 221 of setting in the first head 22, and the top of first head 22 is equipped with the first oil hole 222 that communicates with cooling oil circuit, when cooling piston 1, oil flows through first oil channel 211, second oil channel 201 and third oil channel 221 in turn, and the oil that enters third oil channel 221 is injected to piston inner cavity 10 through first oil hole 222.The cooling structure described above, without setting up piston 1 cooling nozzle, reduce the number of parts, and in the process of piston 1 up and down movement, the oil that enters the cooling oil circuit can always be injected directly to piston inner cavity 10 through first oil hole 222, and the piston 1 is cooled, thereby improving the cooling effect.
[0044] Therefore, the piston cooling system provided by the utility model adopts pressure lubrication to directly enter the piston inner cavity 10 of the piston 1, is simple in arrangement, guarantees the cooling effect of the piston 1, and thereby reduces the possibility of causing faults such as cylinder pulling.In addition, since the piston cooling system in the utility model is consistent with the parts of the existing piston connecting rod system, the modification of each part is small by combining the parts to form the piston cooling system, and the reliability is high.
[0045] In some embodiments of the utility model, the axis of first oil hole 222 coincides with the axis of piston inner cavity 10.Because the center of piston inner cavity 10 is the position with the highest temperature, by coinciding the axis of first oil hole 222 with the axis of piston inner cavity 10, first oil hole 222 is arranged opposite the position with the highest center temperature of piston inner cavity 10, and when cooling piston 1, oil can always be injected to the position with the highest center temperature of piston inner cavity 10 through first oil hole 222, improving the cooling effect.
[0046] In some embodiments of the utility model, the second head 21 is a connecting rod big end, the connecting rod big end is provided with a connecting rod big end hole, the first oil channel 211 is arranged in the connecting rod big end hole, the connecting rod big end hole is provided with a connecting rod bearing 212, and the connecting rod bearing 212 is provided with an oil groove 2123 in communication with the first oil channel 211;The connecting rod bearing 212 is provided with a plurality of second oil holes 2124, and the first oil channel 211 is in communication with the oil groove 2123 through the second oil holes 2124.Specifically, the connecting rod bearing 212 includes a connecting rod upper bearing 2121 and a connecting rod lower bearing 2122, both of which are semicircular, and the connecting rod upper bearing 2121 and the connecting rod lower bearing 2122 are arranged in the connecting rod big end hole, and when the connecting rod upper bearing 2121 and the connecting rod lower bearing 2122 are installed in the connecting rod big end hole, they can be evenly attached to the wall of the connecting rod big end hole due to interference, have good load bearing and heat conduction capacity, and can improve the working reliability and prolong the service life.
[0047] The oil groove 2123 is arranged on the inner circumferential surface of the upper connecting rod bearing 2121, that is, the oil groove 2123 and the plurality of second oil holes 2124 can be arranged only on the inner circumferential surface of the upper connecting rod bearing 2121, or the oil groove 2123 and the plurality of second oil holes 2124 can be arranged on the inner circumferential surface of the upper connecting rod bearing 2121 and the inner circumferential surface of the lower connecting rod bearing 2122. In the embodiment, the oil groove 2123 and the plurality of second oil holes 2124 are arranged on the inner circumferential surface of the upper connecting rod bearing 2121, the oil groove 2123 extends along the circumference of the upper connecting rod bearing 2121, the plurality of second oil holes 2124 are arranged at intervals along the extension direction of the oil groove 2123, and the distance between adjacent two second oil holes 2124 is the same, so that the uniformity of oil supply can be ensured.
[0048] By arranging the oil groove 2123 and the plurality of second oil holes 2124 on the upper connecting rod bearing 2121, the first oil channel 211 is communicated with the oil groove 2123 through the second oil hole 2124, so that the continuous supply of oil is ensured, the oil flows into the oil groove 2123 through the second oil hole 2124, the oil in the oil groove 2123 flows into the first oil channel 211, then flows through the second oil channel 201 and the third oil channel 221 in turn, and finally is sprayed into the inner cavity 10 of the piston through the first oil hole 222, so that the piston 1 is effectively cooled and the cooling effect is improved.
[0049] In some embodiments of the utility model, the first oil channel 211 is arranged on the inner circumferential surface of the connecting rod big hole along the circumference of the connecting rod big hole. By arranging the annular first oil channel 211, when cooling, the oil flows into the oil groove 2123 through the second oil hole 2124, the oil in the oil groove 2123 flows into the first oil channel 211 and flows along the annular first oil channel 211, which can be used for cooling and lubricating the connecting rod bearing 212.
[0050] In the embodiment, the second head 21 is also milled with a positioning pit, and correspondingly, positioning keys higher than the steel back surface are punched on the cross sections of the upper connecting rod bearing 2121 and the lower connecting rod bearing 2122, the positioning pit and the positioning key are arranged correspondingly, and by arranging the positioning pit and the positioning key, the rotation or axial movement of the upper connecting rod bearing 2121 and the lower connecting rod bearing 2122 during work can be prevented.
[0051] In some embodiments of the utility model, the first head 22 is a connecting rod small head, the connecting rod small head is provided with a connecting rod small head hole, and the third oil channel 221 is arranged in the connecting rod small head hole. Specifically, the third oil channel 221 is arranged on the inner circumferential surface of the connecting rod small head hole along the circumference of the connecting rod small head hole. By arranging the annular third oil channel 221, when cooling, the oil enters the third oil channel 221 through the second oil channel 201 and flows along the annular third oil channel 221, which can be used for cooling and lubricating the connecting rod bushing 23.
[0052] In the embodiment, the piston 1 is provided with a piston pin hole for matching connection with the piston pin 4, the piston 1 is connected with the first head 22 through the piston pin 4, and the piston pin 4 is used for transmitting the gas acting force borne by the piston 1 to the connecting rod 2. Since the piston pin 4 bears a large periodic impact load at high temperature, the piston pin 4 needs to have sufficient strength and rigidity, a surface resistant to wear, and a quality as small as possible. Therefore, the piston pin 4 is usually made into a hollow cylinder and is made of low-carbon steel or low-carbon alloy steel.
[0053] In the embodiment, the connecting rod bushing 23 is installed in the connecting rod small end hole and includes an upper half and a lower half distributed along a radial direction of the connecting rod bushing 23, wherein the lower half is located on a side of the first head 22, and the upper half is located on a side, away from the first head 22, of the lower half. The connecting rod bushing 23 is usually made of a relatively soft material such as copper, which can reduce direct friction between metals, thereby protecting the connecting rod 2 from wear and prolonging the service life.
[0054] In some embodiments of the utility model, the second oil channel 201 is arranged at an included angle with the center line of the rod body 20 in the length direction of the rod body 20, and the included angle is an acute angle, that is, the second oil channel 201 is arranged obliquely, which facilitates the introduction of oil from the first oil channel 211 in the connecting rod big end hole to the third oil channel 221 in the connecting rod small end hole through the second oil channel 201, and then the oil is sprayed into the piston inner cavity 10 through the first oil hole 222, thereby ensuring the cooling effect on the piston 1.
[0055] The second aspect of the utility model provides an engine comprising the above-mentioned piston cooling system.
[0056] In the embodiment, the engine further comprises a crankshaft 3, a crank of the crankshaft 3 is assembled and connected with the second head 21, the second head 21 comprises a connecting rod cover 213, the connecting rod cover 213 is detachably connected to the second head 21 through bolts, and when the connecting rod cover 213 is installed on the second head 21, the connecting rod cover 213 and the second head 21 enclose to form the connecting rod big end hole. When assembling, the connecting rod upper bearing 2121 and the connecting rod lower bearing 2122 are respectively installed on the inner end faces of the second head 21 and the connecting rod cover 213, and then the connecting rod cover 213 is installed on the second head 21 by using the bolts.
[0057] The main function of the piston 1 is to bear the gas pressure in the cylinder and transmit the force to the connecting rod 2 through the piston pin 4 to drive the crankshaft 3 to rotate. The material of the piston 1 can be aluminum alloy, cast iron or heat-resistant steel. The top of the piston 1 also cooperates with the cylinder cover and the cylinder wall to form a combustion chamber of the engine.
[0058] When the piston 1 needs to be cooled, the oil is supplied to the connecting rod bearing bush 212 through the crankshaft 3, the connecting rod bearing bush 212 is provided with an oil groove 2123 and a second oil hole 2124, the oil flows into the first oil channel 211 through the oil groove 2123 and the second oil hole 2124, then enters the second oil channel 201 of the rod body 20 by the first oil channel 211, the oil entering the second oil channel 201 flows into the third oil channel 221, the oil entering the third oil channel 221 is sprayed into the piston inner cavity 10 through the first oil hole 222, the highest temperature part of the piston inner cavity 10 is cooled, and the cooling effect is improved.
[0059] The engine of the utility model can directly spray the oil in the cooling oil circuit into the piston inner cavity 10 through the first oil hole 222 to cool the piston 1, the arrangement is simple, the cooling effect of the piston 1 is improved, the possibility of causing the fault of cylinder pulling is reduced, the energy loss of the oil pump is reduced, and the oil consumption of the engine is reduced.
[0060] The above is only the preferred specific implementation manner of the utility model, but the protection scope of the utility model is not limited to this, any skilled person in the art can easily think of the change or replacement within the technical range disclosed by the utility model, which should be covered in the protection scope of the utility model. Therefore, the protection scope of the utility model should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims
1. A piston cooling system, characterized in that, include: Piston, with an internal piston cavity; A connecting rod includes a rod body and a first head and a second head respectively located at opposite ends of the rod body. The first head is installed in the piston cavity. The connecting rod is provided with a cooling oil passage that passes through the first head, the rod body and the second head. The cooling oil passage communicates with the piston cavity and is used to supply oil to the piston cavity. The cooling oil circuit includes a first oil passage disposed at the second head, a second oil passage disposed at the rod body, and a third oil passage disposed at the first head. The first oil passage, the second oil passage, and the third oil passage are connected in sequence. The first head is provided with a first oil hole, which is used to spray the oil in the cooling oil circuit into the piston cavity.
2. The piston cooling system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The axis of the first oil hole coincides with the axis of the piston cavity.
3. The piston cooling system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first head is the small end of the connecting rod, and the second head is the large end of the connecting rod. The large end of the connecting rod is provided with a large end hole, and the first oil passage is provided inside the large end hole. A connecting rod bearing is provided inside the large end hole, and an oil groove communicating with the first oil passage is provided on the connecting rod bearing.
4. The piston cooling system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The connecting rod bearing is provided with a plurality of second oil holes, and the first oil passage is connected to the oil groove through the second oil holes.
5. The piston cooling system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The oil groove is arranged along the circumference of the connecting rod bearing on the inner circumferential surface of the connecting rod bearing.
6. The piston cooling system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The connecting rod bearing includes an upper connecting rod bearing and a lower connecting rod bearing, which are mated and disposed within the connecting rod big end hole. The oil groove is provided at least on the inner circumferential surface of the upper connecting rod bearing.
7. The piston cooling system according to claim 4, characterized in that, Multiple second oil holes are spaced apart along the extension direction of the oil groove.
8. The piston cooling system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The small end of the connecting rod is provided with a small end hole, and the third oil passage is provided inside the small end hole. The third oil passage is arranged along the circumference of the small end hole on the inner circumferential surface of the small end hole.
9. The piston cooling system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second oil passage is set at an angle to the centerline of the rod along its length, and the angle is an acute angle.
10. An engine, characterized in that, Includes the piston cooling system as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.