Device suitable for monitoring heavy metals in water

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the technical field of water quality heavy metal monitoring, and aims to solve the problems that the detection of a heavy metal low-concentration sample lacks an error detection component and a digestion cuvette is inconvenient to replace. A prism is connected with a rack through a prism mounting seat, a detection light source is connected with the prism mounting seat through a light source lamp holder, and an aperture module is arranged at the end, close to the prism, of the detection light source; incident light emitted by the detection light source is divided into two paths through the prism, the first path enters the blank signal acquisition assembly, and the second path enters the detection signal acquisition assembly through the digestion reaction assembly; the signal output end of the blank signal acquisition assembly and the signal output end of the detection signal acquisition assembly are both electrically connected with the photoelectric signal converter, and the photoelectric signal converter is electrically connected with the PLC. The device can be used for acquiring the detection error of the heavy metal low-concentration sample and quickly replacing the digestion cuvette.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model belongs to water quality heavy metal monitoring technical field, concretely relates to a device suitable for water quality heavy metal monitoring. BACKGROUND

[0002] Water quality monitoring refers to the process of monitoring and measuring the types of pollutants in water, the concentrations of various pollutants and their trends, and evaluating water quality. The main monitoring items of water quality monitoring can be divided into two categories: one is the comprehensive index reflecting water quality, such as temperature, color, turbidity, pH value, conductivity, suspended solids, dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen demand and biochemical oxygen demand, etc. The other is some toxic substances, such as phenol, cyanide, copper, arsenic, lead, nickel, chromium, cadmium, mercury and organic pesticides. In order to objectively evaluate the water quality of rivers and oceans, in addition to the above monitoring items, sometimes the flow rate and flow rate need to be measured.

[0003] When monitoring the concentration index of copper, lead, nickel, chromium and other elements in water, spectrophotometry is used for detection. Spectrophotometry is a method for qualitative and quantitative analysis of the measured substance by measuring the absorbance (absorbance) of the measured substance at a specific wavelength or within a certain wavelength range.

[0004] The existing monitoring instrument based on spectrophotometry analyzes by single channel method, which cannot monitor the instability of light source caused by environmental temperature or other factors. At the same time, the digestion tank has the problem of inconvenient replacement. UTILITY MODEL CONTENTS

[0005] The utility model provides a device suitable for water quality heavy metal monitoring in order to solve at least one of the above technical problems in the prior art.

[0006] The utility model adopts the following technical scheme: a device suitable for water quality heavy metal monitoring, comprising a detection light source, a prism, a digestion reaction assembly, a rack, a blank signal acquisition assembly, a detection signal acquisition assembly, a photoelectric signal converter and a PLC controller.

[0007] The prism is connected with the rack through a prism mounting seat, the detection light source is connected with the prism mounting seat through a light source lamp holder, and the end of the detection light source close to the prism is provided with an aperture module.

[0008] The digestion reaction assembly comprises a digestion tank, a heating wire, an upper high-pressure valve and a lower high-pressure valve, the digestion tank is connected with the rack, the heating wire is wound and arranged on the outer wall of the digestion tank, and the upper high-pressure valve and the lower high-pressure valve are connected with the upper and lower ends of the digestion tank respectively.

[0009] The incident light emitted by the detection light source is divided into two paths by the prism, wherein the first path enters the blank signal acquisition assembly, and the second path enters the detection signal acquisition assembly through the digestion reaction assembly; the blank signal acquisition assembly is connected with the prism mounting seat, the detection signal acquisition assembly is connected with the rack, and the detection signal acquisition assembly and the prism mounting seat are located on the two sides of the digestion tank respectively; the central axis of the blank signal acquisition assembly is perpendicular to the central axis of the prism mounting seat, and the central axes of the detection light source, the light source lamp holder, the prism, the prism mounting seat, the aperture module and the detection signal acquisition assembly coincide; the central axis of the digestion tank is perpendicular to the central axis of the prism mounting seat;

[0010] The signal output ends of the blank signal acquisition assembly and the detection signal acquisition assembly are electrically connected with the photoelectric signal converter, and the photoelectric signal converter is electrically connected with the PLC controller.

[0011] Preferably, the blank signal acquisition assembly and the detection signal acquisition assembly are consistent in structure and each include a photocell, a filter and a photocell lamp holder, the filter is connected to the front end of the photocell, the photocell lamp holder of the blank signal acquisition assembly is connected with the prism mounting seat, and the photocell lamp holder of the detection signal acquisition assembly is connected with the rack; the central axes of the photocell, the filter and the photocell lamp holder in the same acquisition assembly coincide.

[0012] Preferably, the lower high-pressure valve is bolted to the bottom plate of the rack, the upper high-pressure valve is slidingly connected to the side wall plate of the rack, and the upper end of the upper high-pressure valve is provided with a pressing mechanism for positioning the digestion tank and the upper high-pressure valve, and the outer wall of the upper high-pressure valve is provided with a sliding block, and the side wall plate of the rack is bolted with a guide block corresponding to the position of the sliding block, and the sliding block is slidingly connected with a sliding groove in the guide block.

[0013] Preferably, the pressing mechanism includes a spring top rod, a spring, an upper nut and an adjusting nut; the lower part of the adjusting nut is threadedly connected with the top plate of the rack, the adjusting nut is provided with a stepped through hole in the axial direction for mounting the upper nut and the spring top rod, the middle and lower part of the upper nut is provided with a groove structure for accommodating the spring top rod, the upper part of the spring top rod is located in the groove structure and the spring is sleeved outside, the middle and lower part of the spring top rod is located in the stepped through hole, the upper nut is threadedly connected with the stepped through hole and can move the spring top rod along the axial direction of the adjusting nut by adjusting the position of the upper nut, and the lower end of the spring top rod abuts against the upper end of the upper high-pressure valve.

[0014] Preferably, the stepped through hole is sequentially provided with a first through hole, a first threaded hole, a second through hole and a third through hole from top to bottom, wherein the diameter of the first through hole matches the upper end of the upper nut, the first threaded hole is threadedly connected with the threaded segment of the upper nut, and the diameter of the first through hole is greater than that of the first threaded hole; the diameter of the second through hole is smaller than that of the first through hole and greater than that of the first threaded hole, and the diameter of the third through hole is smaller than that of the first through hole.

[0015] The length of the threaded section of the upper nut is less than the length of the first through hole, and the length of the groove structure is greater than the length of the threaded section of the upper nut;

[0016] The spring rod comprises a first column section, a second column section and a third column section from top to bottom, wherein the lengths of the first column section, the second column section and the third column section increase successively, the diameter of the first column section is less than the diameter of the third column section, and the diameter of the third column section is less than the diameter of the second column section; the diameter of the second column section is less than the inner diameter of the groove structure, the sum of the lengths of the first column section and the second column section is less than the length of the groove structure, the diameter of the third through hole is less than the diameter of the second column section and greater than the diameter of the third column section, and the spring is sleeved on the first column section and located between the groove top of the groove structure and the upper end surface of the second column section.

[0017] Preferably, the openings on the chassis corresponding to the prism mounting seat and the detection signal acquisition assembly are located at the middle and lower parts of the digestion tank and are higher than the tapered section of the digestion tank.

[0018] Preferably, the back of the chassis is provided with a digestion support, the digestion support is provided with holes corresponding to the positions of the upper high-pressure valve and the lower high-pressure valve, and the hole corresponding to the exposed part of the upper high-pressure valve is reserved with a sliding space of the upper high-pressure valve; a turbine fan is installed on the digestion support through a fan support, and the digestion support is provided with a hole corresponding to the position of the air inlet of the turbine fan; the front of the chassis is provided with a front panel.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the device has the following beneficial effects:

[0020] The device has a simple structure, and the blank signal acquisition assembly can obtain test data errors caused by too low reference signals due to environmental influences or a small amount of impurities attached to the wall of the digestion tank.

[0021] The device is provided with an aperture module, which can adjust the intensity of the incident light required for testing according to the requirements, control the required energy from the light source itself, reduce the errors caused by signal processing adjustment, and increase the filter in front of the photocell to eliminate the interference of adjacent heavy metal ions and improve the precision of testing low-concentration heavy metals.

[0022] The installation of the upper high-pressure valve on the device cannot bear too large pressure due to the digestion tank, so the design of the adjusting nut and the spring rod is adopted for fixation, the adjusting nut and the upper nut are used to realize the close fitting of the upper high-pressure valve and the digestion tank, and the spring is used to realize the uniform stress and avoid crushing the digestion tank. The digestion tank needs to be replaced after a certain period of time as a consumable, and the design can realize the convenience of replacing the digestion tank and facilitate on-site maintenance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0023] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly introduced as follows. Obviously, the drawings described in the following embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present application, and not all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative labor should be within the scope of the present application.

[0024] Figure 1 is the front view of the overall structure of the embodiment;

[0025] Figure 2 is the side view of the overall structure of the embodiment;

[0026] Figure 3 is the top view of the overall structure of the embodiment;

[0027] Figure 4 is Figure 2 is the sectional view of the A-A perspective of the embodiment;

[0028] Figure 5 is the sectional view of the adjusting nut in the embodiment;

[0029] Figure 6 is the sectional view of the upper nut in the embodiment;

[0030] Figure 7 is the schematic view of the spring push rod in the embodiment;

[0031] Figure 8 is the monitoring principle diagram of the embodiment.

[0032] In the figure: 1-detection light source; 2-prism; 3-optoelectronic signal converter; 4-PLC controller; 5-prism mounting seat; 6-light source lamp holder; 7-aperture module; 8-digestion tank; 9-heating wire; 10-upper high-pressure valve; 11-lower high-pressure valve; 12-photocell; 13-filter; 14-photocell lamp holder; 15-rack; 16-guiding block; 17-spring push rod; 18-spring; 19-upper nut; 19.1-groove structure; 20-adjusting nut; 20.1-stepped through hole; 21-digestion support; 22-fan support; 23-turbine fan. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application are described clearly and completely in combination with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present application, and not all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative labor should be within the scope of the present application.

[0034] It is to be understood that the structure, proportion, size and the like shown in the drawings of the specification are only used to cooperate with the content disclosed in the specification, so as to be understood and read by those skilled in the art, and are not used to limit the implementation conditions of the utility model, and therefore do not have the substantial meaning in technology, any modification of structure, change of proportion relationship or adjustment of size, without affecting the effect and purpose that can be produced by the utility model, should be covered in the range of the disclosed technical content, it should be noted that in the specification, the relationship terms such as first and second are only used to distinguish one entity from other entities, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between the entities.

[0035] The utility model provides an embodiment:

[0036] As Figures 1 to 8 The utility model discloses a device suitable for water quality heavy metal monitoring, including detection light source 1, prism 2, digestion reaction subassembly, frame 15, blank signal acquisition subassembly, detection signal acquisition subassembly, photoelectric signal converter 3 and PLC controller 4, prism 2 is connected with frame 15 through prism mounting seat 5, and detection light source 1 is connected with prism mounting seat 5 through light source lamp seat 6, and the one end of detection light source 1 near prism 2 is provided with diaphragm module 7, the diaphragm module 7 can adjust the aperture of light transmission, and can cut off the light passing after complete closure, and the advantage of the design is that the adjustment of reference signal by adjusting the current of detection light source 1 can be avoided, the difficulty of debugging after signal overflow is solved, and the intensity of light source is guaranteed, and the stability of measurement result is improved, in addition, the fixation of detection light source 1 is realized through fluorine rubber O ring pad in the bottom of detection light source 1 and waterproof joint, digestion reaction subassembly includes digestion tank 8, heating wire 9, upper high pressure valve 10 and lower high pressure valve 11, and digestion tank 8 is connected with frame 15, heating wire 9 is wound and is arranged on the outer wall of digestion tank 8 and is equipped with PT100 temperature sensor, and upper high pressure valve 10 and lower high pressure valve 11 are connected at the upper and lower ends of digestion tank 8 respectively, and digestion tank 8 cooperates with upper high pressure valve 10 and lower high pressure valve 11 to realize the high-temperature reaction without exception within 230 DEG C.

[0037] The incident light emitted by the detection light source 1 is divided into two paths by the prism 2, wherein the first path enters the blank signal acquisition assembly, and the second path enters the detection signal acquisition assembly through the digestion reaction assembly; the blank signal acquisition assembly is connected with the prism mounting seat 5, the detection signal acquisition assembly is connected with the rack 15, and the detection signal acquisition assembly and the prism mounting seat 5 are located on the two sides of the digestion tank 8 respectively; the central axis of the blank signal acquisition assembly is perpendicular to the central axis of the prism mounting seat 5, and the central axes of the detection light source 1, the light source lamp holder 6, the prism 2, the prism mounting seat 5, the aperture module 7 and the detection signal acquisition assembly coincide; the central axis of the digestion tank 8 is perpendicular to the central axis of the prism mounting seat 5; the signal output ends of the blank signal acquisition assembly and the detection signal acquisition assembly are electrically connected with the photoelectric signal converter 3, and the photoelectric signal converter 3 is electrically connected with the PLC controller 4; in the embodiment, the core component of the photoelectric signal converter 3 is the high-speed optocoupler 6N137.

[0038] In the embodiment, the blank signal acquisition assembly and the detection signal acquisition assembly are consistent in structure, and each includes a photocell 12, a filter 13 and a photocell lamp holder 14; the filter 13 is connected at the front end of the photocell 12, can filter out interfering light and improve the accuracy of the test; the photocell lamp holder 14 of the blank signal acquisition assembly is connected with the prism mounting seat 5, and the photocell lamp holder 14 of the detection signal acquisition assembly is connected with the rack 15; the central axes of the photocell 12, the filter 13 and the photocell lamp holder 14 in the same acquisition assembly coincide.

[0039] The lower high-pressure valve 11 is bolted to the bottom plate of the rack 15, and the upper high-pressure valve 10 is slidingly connected to the side wall plate of the rack 15; the upper end of the upper high-pressure valve 10 is provided with a pressing mechanism for positioning the digestion tank 8 and the upper high-pressure valve 10; the outer wall of the upper high-pressure valve 10 has a sliding block, and the side wall plate of the rack 15 has a guide block 16 bolted at the position corresponding to the sliding block; the sliding block is slidingly connected with a sliding groove in the guide block 16; the connection structure of the sliding block and the sliding groove is a prior art and is not shown in detail in the figure; the purpose of the sliding connection is to better realize the up-down movement of the upper high-pressure valve 10.

[0040] The pressing mechanism includes a spring push rod 17, a spring 18, an upper nut 19 and an adjusting nut 20; the lower part of the adjusting nut 20 is threadedly connected with the top plate of the rack 15, and the adjusting nut 20 is provided with a stepped through hole 20.1 in the axial direction for mounting the upper nut 19 and the spring push rod 17; the middle and lower parts of the upper nut 19 are provided with a recess structure 19.1 for accommodating the spring push rod 17; the upper part of the spring push rod 17, which is sleeved with the spring 18, is located in the recess structure 19.1; the middle and lower parts of the spring push rod 17 are located in the stepped through hole 20.1; the upper nut 19 is threadedly connected with the stepped through hole 20.1 and can realize the axial movement of the spring push rod 17 along the adjusting nut 20 by adjusting the position of the upper nut 19; the lower end of the spring push rod 17 abuts against the upper end of the upper high-pressure valve 10.

[0041] The stepped through hole 20.1 is sequentially provided with a first through hole, a first threaded hole, a second through hole and a third through hole from top to bottom, wherein the diameter of the first through hole matches the upper end of the upper nut 19, the first threaded hole is threadedly connected with the threaded segment of the upper nut 19, and the diameter of the first through hole is larger than that of the first threaded hole; the diameter of the second through hole is smaller than that of the first through hole and larger than that of the first threaded hole, and the diameter of the third through hole is smaller than that of the first through hole; the length of the threaded segment of the upper nut 19 is smaller than the length of the first through hole, and the length of the groove structure 19.1 is larger than the length of the threaded segment of the upper nut 19; the spring top rod 17 is sequentially provided with a first column segment, a second column segment and a third column segment from top to bottom, wherein the lengths of the first column segment, the second column segment and the third column segment increase in sequence, the diameter of the first column segment is smaller than that of the third column segment, and the diameter of the third column segment is smaller than that of the second column segment; the diameter of the second column segment is smaller than the inner diameter of the groove structure 19.1, the sum of the lengths of the first column segment and the second column segment is smaller than the length of the groove structure 19.1, the diameter of the third through hole is smaller than that of the second column segment and larger than that of the third column segment, and the spring 18 is sleeved on the first column segment and located between the groove top of the groove structure 19.1 and the upper end surface of the second column segment.

[0042] The installation of the upper high-pressure valve 10 is fixed by the design of the adjusting nut 20 and the spring top rod 17 because the digestion tank 8 cannot bear excessive pressure, the preliminary fit of the upper high-pressure valve 10 and the digestion tank 8 is realized by rotating the upper nut 19, and the adjusting nut 20 can be continuously rotated to finely adjust, so as to ensure the close fit of the upper high-pressure valve 10 and the digestion tank 8, increase the spring 18 to realize uniform stress, and avoid crushing the digestion tank 8 by soft contact. The digestion tank 8 needs to be replaced after a certain period of time as a consumable, and the convenience of replacing the digestion tank 8 can be realized by the design, which is convenient for on-site maintenance.

[0043] The opening position of the rack 15 corresponding to the prism mounting seat 5 and the detection signal acquisition assembly corresponds to the middle and lower part of the digestion tank 8 and is slightly higher than the conical segment of the digestion tank 8, which can guarantee the best passing effect of light and reduce the amount of reaction reagent and distilled water entering, and reduce the discharge of waste liquid. The back of the rack 15 is provided with a digestion support 21, the digestion support 21 is provided with a hole corresponding to the positions of the upper high-pressure valve 10 and the lower high-pressure valve 11, and the hole corresponding to the exposed part of the upper high-pressure valve 10 is reserved with a sliding space of the upper high-pressure valve 10, the digestion support 21 is provided with a turbine fan 23 through a fan support 22, and the subsequent cooling of the digestion tank 8 is realized. The digestion support 21 is provided with a hole corresponding to the position of the air inlet of the turbine fan 23; the front part of the rack 15 is provided with a front panel, which maintains the airtightness of the device and takes into account the safety performance, avoiding the harm to personnel caused by the splashing of reagents due to the crushing of the digestion tank 8.

[0044] The working steps and principles of the device are as follows:

[0045] Assemble the whole device, add distilled water into the digestion tank 8, and detect the incident light emitted by the light source 1 which is divided into two paths by the prism 2, wherein the first path enters the blank signal acquisition assembly, and the second path enters the detection signal acquisition assembly after passing through the distilled water in the digestion tank 8;

[0046] The photocell 12 in the blank signal acquisition assembly and the detection signal acquisition assembly collects the corresponding light signals, and converts the light signals into electrical signals through the photoelectric signal converter 3 and transmits them to the PLC controller 4, and the PLC controller 4 obtains the light intensity I1 when the incident light does not pass through the distilled water and the light intensity I0 when the incident light passes through the distilled water;

[0047] Remove the distilled water in the digestion tank 8, add the reaction reagent and the sample to be detected, heat the digestion tank 8 through the heating wire 9, so that the sample to be detected performs a digestion reaction; detect the incident light emitted by the light source 1 which is divided into two paths by the prism 2, wherein the first path enters the blank signal acquisition assembly, and the second path enters the detection signal acquisition assembly after passing through the liquid after the digestion reaction in the digestion tank 8;

[0048] The photocell 12 in the blank signal acquisition assembly and the detection signal acquisition assembly collects the corresponding light signals, and converts the light signals into electrical signals through the photoelectric signal converter 3 and transmits them to the PLC controller 4, and the PLC controller 4 obtains the light intensity I2 when the incident light does not pass through the sample to be detected and the light intensity I when the incident light passes through the sample to be detected;

[0049] In this embodiment, the PLC controller 4 calculates the absorbance A1 corresponding to the channel where the detection signal acquisition assembly is located through the Beer-Lambert law by using the light intensities I0 and I collected by the detection signal acquisition assembly twice; the calculation formula of the absorbance A1 corresponding to the channel where the detection signal acquisition assembly is located is: A1=log10(I / I0), wherein log represents logarithm.

[0050] The PLC controller 4 calculates the absorbance A2 corresponding to the channel where the blank signal acquisition assembly is located through the Beer-Lambert law by using the light intensities I1 and I2 collected by the blank signal acquisition assembly twice, as the test data error caused by the influence of the environmental temperature (the temperature before and after the digestion reaction is different) or the attachment of a small amount of impurities on the wall of the digestion tank 8 which causes the reference signal to be too low. The calculation formula of the absorbance A2 corresponding to the channel where the blank signal acquisition assembly is located is: A2=log10(I2 / I1).

[0051] The above-mentioned collection of light intensity and the formula for calculating the absorbance through the Beer-Lambert law are all prior art and are not the content to be protected by the present application, and the present application does not involve improvement of the algorithm, and the above is only a description of the working principle of the device.

[0052] Further, the absorbance of the double light path channel after the final correction can be obtained by subtracting the absorbance of the blank signal acquisition component from the absorbance of the detection signal acquisition component.

[0053] The above merely describes a preferred specific embodiment of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily think of changes or replacements within the technical range disclosed by the present application, which should be covered within the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A device suitable for monitoring heavy metals in water quality, characterized by: It comprises a detection light source (1), a prism (2), a digestion reaction assembly, a rack (15), a blank signal acquisition assembly, a detection signal acquisition assembly, a photoelectric signal converter (3) and a PLC controller (4); The prism (2) is connected with the rack (15) through a prism mounting seat (5), and the detection light source (1) is connected with the prism mounting seat (5) through a light source lamp holder (6); and an aperture module (7) is arranged at one end of the detection light source (1) close to the prism (2). The digestion reaction assembly comprises a digestion tank (8), a heating wire (9), an upper high-pressure valve (10) and a lower high-pressure valve (11); the digestion tank (8) is connected with the rack (15); the heating wire (9) is wound on the outer wall of the digestion tank (8); and the upper high-pressure valve (10) and the lower high-pressure valve (11) are respectively connected at the upper and lower ends of the digestion tank (8). The incident light emitted by the detection light source (1) is divided into two paths through the prism (2), wherein the first path enters the blank signal acquisition assembly, and the second path enters the detection signal acquisition assembly through the digestion reaction assembly; the blank signal acquisition assembly is connected with the prism mounting seat (5), the detection signal acquisition assembly is connected with the rack (15), and the blank signal acquisition assembly and the prism mounting seat (5) are respectively located at the two sides of the digestion tank (8); the central axis of the blank signal acquisition assembly is perpendicular to the central axis of the prism mounting seat (5), and the central axes of the detection light source (1), the light source lamp holder (6), the prism (2), the prism mounting seat (5), the aperture module (7) and the detection signal acquisition assembly coincide; and the central axis of the digestion tank (8) is perpendicular to the central axis of the prism mounting seat (5). The signal output ends of the blank signal acquisition assembly and the detection signal acquisition assembly are electrically connected with the photoelectric signal converter (3), and the photoelectric signal converter (3) is electrically connected with the PLC controller (4).

2. The device for monitoring heavy metals in water according to claim 1, characterized in that: The blank signal acquisition assembly and the detection signal acquisition assembly have the same structure and comprise a photocell (12), a filter (13) and a photocell lamp holder (14); the filter (13) is connected at the front end of the photocell (12); the photocell lamp holder (14) of the blank signal acquisition assembly is connected with the prism mounting seat (5), and the photocell lamp holder (14) of the detection signal acquisition assembly is connected with the rack (15); and the central axes of the photocell (12), the filter (13) and the photocell lamp holder (14) in the same acquisition assembly coincide.

3. The device for monitoring heavy metals in water according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lower high-pressure valve (11) is bolted with the bottom plate of the rack (15), the upper high-pressure valve (10) is slidingly connected at the side wall plate of the rack (15), and the upper end of the upper high-pressure valve (10) is provided with a pressing mechanism for positioning the digestion tank (8) and the upper high-pressure valve (10); the outer wall of the upper high-pressure valve (10) has a sliding block, and the side wall plate of the rack (15) has a guide block (16) bolted at the position corresponding to the sliding block, and the sliding block is slidingly connected with the sliding groove in the guide block (16).

4. The device for monitoring heavy metals in water according to claim 3, characterized in that: The pressing mechanism comprises a spring ejector rod (17), a spring (18), an upper nut (19) and an adjusting nut (20). The lower part of the adjusting nut (20) is threadedly connected with the top plate of the rack (15), and the axial direction of the adjusting nut (20) is provided with a stepped through hole (20.1) for mounting the upper nut (19) and the spring ejector rod (17). The middle and lower part of the upper nut (19) is provided with a groove structure (19.1) for accommodating the spring ejector rod (17). The upper part of the spring ejector rod (17) is sleeved with the spring (18) and located in the groove structure (19.1). The middle and lower part of the spring ejector rod (17) is located in the stepped through hole (20.1). The upper nut (19) is threadedly connected with the stepped through hole (20.1) and can move the spring ejector rod (17) along the axial direction of the adjusting nut (20) by adjusting the position of the upper nut (19). The lower end of the spring ejector rod (17) abuts against the upper end of the upper high-pressure valve (10).

5. The device for monitoring heavy metals in water according to claim 4, characterized in that: The stepped through hole (20.1) comprises a first through hole, a first threaded hole, a second through hole and a third through hole from top to bottom. The diameter of the first through hole matches the upper end of the upper nut (19). The first threaded hole is threadedly connected with the threaded segment of the upper nut (19). The diameter of the first through hole is larger than that of the first threaded hole. The diameter of the second through hole is smaller than that of the first through hole and larger than that of the first threaded hole. The diameter of the third through hole is smaller than that of the first through hole. The length of the threaded segment of the upper nut (19) is smaller than the length of the first through hole. The length of the groove structure (19.1) is larger than the length of the threaded segment of the upper nut (19). The spring ejector rod (17) comprises a first column segment, a second column segment and a third column segment from top to bottom. The lengths of the first column segment, the second column segment and the third column segment increase in sequence. The diameter of the first column segment is smaller than that of the third column segment. The diameter of the third column segment is smaller than that of the second column segment. The diameter of the second column segment is smaller than the inner diameter of the groove structure (19.1). The sum of the lengths of the first column segment and the second column segment is smaller than the length of the groove structure (19.1). The diameter of the third through hole is smaller than that of the second column segment and larger than that of the third column segment. The spring (18) is sleeved on the first column segment and located between the groove top of the groove structure (19.1) and the upper end surface of the second column segment.

6. The device for monitoring heavy metals in water according to claim 1, characterized in that: The opening position of the rack (15) corresponding to the prism mounting seat (5) and the detection signal acquisition assembly corresponds to the middle and lower part of the digestion pool (8) and is higher than the conical segment of the digestion pool (8).

7. The device for monitoring heavy metals in water according to claim 1, characterized in that: The back of the rack (15) is provided with a digestion support (21). The digestion support (21) is provided with holes corresponding to the positions of the upper high-pressure valve (10) and the lower high-pressure valve (11). The hole corresponding to the exposed part of the upper high-pressure valve (10) reserves a sliding space for the upper high-pressure valve (10). The digestion support (21) is provided with a hole corresponding to the position of the air inlet of the turbine fan (23) through a fan support (22). The front of the rack (15) is provided with a front panel.

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