Hollow glue index pasting machine capable of writing

The automated production process of the writable hollow adhesive index pasting machine has solved the problems of low efficiency and high defect rate in applying adhesive film to notebook index cards, and has achieved efficient and precise bonding of adhesive film sleeves to index cards.

CN223618295UActive Publication Date: 2025-12-02DONGGUAN YPS BINDING TECH CO LTD
View PDF 0 Cites 0 Cited by

Patent Information

Application Number
CN202422901387.X
Authority / Receiving Office
CN · China
Patent Type
Utility models(China)
Current Assignee / Owner
Filing Date
2024-11-27
Publication Date
2025-12-02
Estimated Expiration
2034-11-27

AI Technical Summary

Technical Problem

In existing technologies, the production efficiency of applying screen protectors to notebook index cards is low, it depends on the skill level of workers, is labor-intensive, has a high defect rate, and the positioning of the screen protector and the index card is not accurate.

Method used

The use of a writable hollow adhesive index pasting machine enables automated production of adhesive film sleeves through mechanized components for unwinding, folding, punching, paper feeding and positioning, and hot pressing, ensuring precise alignment and bonding between the adhesive film sleeve and the index card.

Benefits of technology

It improved production efficiency, reduced labor intensity, decreased the defect rate, and achieved precise alignment and continuous bonding between the adhesive film sleeve and the index card.

✦ Generated by Eureka AI based on patent content.

Smart Images

  • Figure CN223618295U_ABST
    Figure CN223618295U_ABST
Patent Text Reader

Abstract

The utility model discloses a writable hollow glue index pasting machine which comprises a rack, a glue film unwinding assembly, a folding and pressing assembly, a stamping die, a guide seat, a paper feeding positioning assembly and a hot pressing assembly are arranged on the rack, and the folding and pressing assembly is used for folding a glue film and conveying the glue film to move; the rubber film unwinding assembly is located on one side of the folding and pressing assembly and used for unwinding the rolled rubber film to the folding and pressing assembly, the stamping die is located on one side of the folding and pressing assembly and used for stamping the folded rubber film to form a middle hole, the guide base is located on the side, away from the folding and pressing assembly, of the stamping die, and a guide open groove penetrating through the guide base is formed in one side of the guide base. The guiding open groove is aligned with a discharging opening of the stamping die, a folded adhesive film piece penetrates into the guiding open groove, guiding is conducted, and the opening angle of the folded adhesive film piece is limited. The paper feeding positioning assembly is located on the side, provided with a side opening, of the guiding open groove and used for accurately guiding index cards on paper to the fixed position of the guiding open groove. The hot-pressing assembly communicates with the guiding open groove and is used for hot-pressing and attaching the adhesive film to the index card.
Need to check novelty before this filing date? Find Prior Art

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of film application equipment with index cards in a notebook, and more specifically, it relates to a writable hollow adhesive index pasting machine. Background Technology

[0002] Index cards on a notebook typically refer to small pieces that extend from the edge of each page. By writing labels on these pieces, users can quickly find the corresponding page containing the information they need. Index cards are usually protected by a plastic sleeve that matches the index card. In some designs, holes are punched in the index card to leave a space in the center, thus improving the overall aesthetics of the notebook. The plastic sleeve also needs to be perforated to fit the index card.

[0003] Currently, the application of screen protectors to laptop index cards is mostly done semi-automatically by workers. The screen protector is formed by folding a sheet of film in half. During the process, workers place a flat sheet of film into a stamping die to punch out symmetrical central holes, then fold the film in half to form a screen protector, which is then placed onto the index card. The index card is then placed into a laminating machine to press the screen protector and the index card together. After pressing, the index card is removed from the laminating machine by the worker. The production efficiency largely depends on the worker's proficiency in operating the equipment, which limits the production efficiency. Moreover, the repetitive and mechanical operation results in high labor intensity for the workers. In addition, the manual positioning of the screen protector and the index card leads to a corresponding increase in the defect rate of the products. Utility Model Content

[0004] To address the problems in the aforementioned related technologies, this application provides a writable hollow adhesive index pasting machine.

[0005] A writable hollow adhesive index pasting machine includes a frame, on which are mounted an adhesive film unwinding assembly, a folding and pressing assembly, a stamping die, a guide seat, a paper feeding and positioning assembly, and a hot pressing assembly. The folding and pressing assembly is used to fold the adhesive film in half and to intermittently convey the folded adhesive film. The adhesive film unwinding assembly is located on one side of the input port of the folding and pressing assembly and is used to unwind the rolled adhesive film to the input port of the folding and pressing assembly. The stamping die is located on one side of the output port of the folding and pressing assembly and is used to stamp the folded adhesive film out of the paper. The guide seat is located on the side of the stamping die away from the folding assembly. A guide slot is provided on one side of the guide seat, which is aligned with the discharge port of the stamping die for the folded film to pass through and guide it, and limit the opening angle of the folded film. The paper feeding and positioning assembly is located on the side of the opening of the guide slot and is used to accurately guide the index card on the paper to the fixed position of the guide slot. The hot pressing assembly is connected to the guide slot and is used to hot press the film onto the index card.

[0006] Preferably, the folding and pressing assembly includes a mounting plate, a feeding roller, a pressure roller, and a servo motor. The mounting plate is fixedly mounted on the frame. The feeding roller and the pressure roller are both rotatably mounted on one side of the mounting plate, and the feeding roller and the pressure roller are vertically aligned and the distance between them matches the thickness of the folded film. The servo motor is fixed to the other side of the mounting plate, and the drive shaft of the servo motor passes through the mounting plate and is connected to the feeding roller to drive the feeding roller to rotate.

[0007] Preferably, the folding and pressing assembly further includes two pre-folding rollers, both of which are rotatably mounted on the mounting plate and located on the same side as the feeding roller and the pressing roller. The two pre-folding rollers are located between the film unwinding assembly and the feeding roller, and the two pre-folding rollers are arranged vertically aligned, with the distance between the two pre-folding rollers being greater than the distance between the feeding roller and the pressing roller.

[0008] Preferably, the film unwinding assembly includes a rotating shaft, a bearing disc, and a locking member. The rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the frame and is vertically arranged. The bearing disc is fixedly arranged on the outer wall of the rotating shaft, and the center of the bearing disc is on the same straight line as the axis of the rotating shaft. The locking member is detachably connected to the rotating shaft to fix the roll containing the film onto the turntable.

[0009] Preferably, the stamping die includes a die base, a stamping cylinder, a stamping cutter, and guide support columns. The die base is fixed to the frame. An opening penetrating its own thickness is provided in the center of the top surface of the die base. The outline of the opening matches the outline of the hole in the film. There are four guide support columns, which are distributed and fixed at the four corners of the top surface of the die base. All four guide support columns are connected and fixed to the stamping cylinder, which is vertically arranged with its extension shaft pointing downwards. The stamping cutter is fixed to the end of the extension shaft of the stamping cylinder and extends into the opening. The outer outline of the stamping cutter matches the outline of the opening and is fitted. A blade matching its outer outline is provided on the bottom periphery of the stamping cutter. One end of the die base also has an inlet hole penetrating its own length. The inlet hole is aligned with the input end of the folding assembly. The inlet hole matches the size of the folded film and penetrates the opening.

[0010] Preferably, the paper feeding and positioning assembly includes a base plate and a positioning side plate disposed on the top of the base plate. The positioning side plate is located on the side close to the stamping die, and both the base plate and the positioning side plate extend close to the guide slot.

[0011] Preferably, the hot pressing assembly includes an upper hot pressing head, a lower hot pressing head, and two hot pressing driving cylinders. Both hot pressing driving cylinders are connected and fixed to the frame, and are arranged symmetrically vertically. The upper hot pressing head is fixed to the telescopic shaft end of the upper hot pressing driving cylinder, and the lower hot pressing head is fixed to the telescopic shaft end of the lower hot pressing driving cylinder. The guide slot is located between the upper and lower hot pressing heads, and the guide seat has a through slot communicating with the guide slot, allowing the upper and lower hot pressing heads to move through.

[0012] The beneficial technical effects of this application are as follows: The film sheet, unwound by the film unwinding assembly, is fed to the folding assembly. The folding assembly folds the film sheet to form a film sleeve, then the film sleeve is conveyed and moved to pass through a stamping die. The stamping die punches out central holes in the film sleeve. The intermittent movement of the film sleeve creates several evenly spaced central holes within the long strip of film sleeve. After stamping, the film sleeve moves and is guided into a guide slot, where it opens in a V-shape. When the hollow center of the film sleeve aligns with the paper feeding and positioning assembly, paper is manually placed onto the assembly for positioning and pushed into the guide slot, allowing the index card on the paper to pass through the film sleeve. The machine aligns the center hole of the adhesive film sleeve with the center hole, and then uses a hot-pressing assembly to heat-press the adhesive film onto the index card. The machine replaces manual folding of the adhesive film and transports the folded adhesive film to the stamping die. This reduces the use of manual labor and the intensity of manual labor in the production process. The machine also has strong error prevention and good continuous working ability, thereby improving production efficiency. The paper feeding and positioning assembly accurately guides the index card on the paper, and the folding and pressing assembly transports and positions the adhesive film sleeve and the index card to achieve accurate alignment, which helps reduce the defect rate of the product. Furthermore, the alignment of the adhesive film sleeve and the index card and the pressing of the adhesive film sleeve onto the index card are completed in a continuous process, reducing intermediate transfer steps and further improving production efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0013] Figure 1 This is a first-angle schematic diagram of a writable hollow adhesive index pasting machine according to this embodiment.

[0014] Figure 2 This is a second-angle schematic diagram of a writable hollow adhesive index pasting machine according to this embodiment.

[0015] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the stamping die in this embodiment.

[0016] Reference numerals: 1. Frame; 11. Housing; 12. Support leg; 13. Extension frame; 2. Film unwinding assembly; 21. Rotary shaft; 22. Bearing disc; 23. Locking element; 24. Steering wheel; 25. Pressing wheel; 3. Folding assembly; 31. Mounting plate; 32. Feeding wheel; 33. Pressing wheel; 34. Servo motor; 35. Pre-folding wheel; 4. Stamping die; 41. Die seat; 411. Opening hole; 412. Inlet hole; 42. Stamping cylinder; 43. Stamping knife; 44. Guide support column; 5. Guide seat; 51. Guide slot; 6. Paper feeding and positioning assembly; 61. Base plate; 62. Positioning side plate; 7. Hot pressing assembly; 71. Upper hot pressing head; 72. Lower hot pressing head; 73. Hot pressing drive cylinder; 8. Control system. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0018] A writable hollow adhesive index pasting machine includes a frame 1, which includes a housing 11 and support legs 12 disposed at the bottom of the housing 11. The housing 11 is equipped with a film unwinding assembly 2, a folding and pressing assembly 3, a stamping die 4, a guide seat 5, a paper feeding and positioning assembly 6, and a hot pressing assembly 7. The folding and pressing assembly 3 includes a mounting plate 31, a feeding roller 32, a pressure roller 33, a servo motor 34, and a pre-folding roller 35. The mounting plate 31 is sideways and fixed to the top surface of the housing 11. The feeding roller 32 and the pressure roller 33... The mounting plate 31 is rotatably mounted on one side of the film, and the feeding roller 32 and pressure roller 33 are vertically aligned and spaced to match the thickness of the folded film. A servo motor 34 is fixed to the other side of the mounting plate 31. The drive shaft of the servo motor 34 passes through the mounting plate 31 and connects to the feeding roller 32, driving the feeding roller 32 to rotate. There are two pre-folding rollers 35, both rotatably mounted on the mounting plate 31 and located on the same side as the feeding roller 32 and pressure roller 33. The gap between the two pre-folding rollers 35 is arranged horizontally and aligned with the gap between the two pre-folding rollers 35. The distance between the two pre-folding rollers 35 is greater than the distance between the feeding roller 32 and the pressure roller 33. The film unwinding assembly 2 is fixed to the top surface of the box 11. The film rolled up is unwound from the side of the pressure roller 33 away from the feeding roller 32. It first passes between the two pre-folding rollers 35 and then between the feeding roller 32 and the pressure roller 33. The film is pre-folded by the two pre-folding rollers 35 so that the upper and lower sides of the film are folded. The film is bent and completely folded in half by the feeding roller 32 and the pressure roller 33 to form a film sleeve. The film is folded gradually, which makes the folding effect of the film better and less likely to cause the film to be misaligned due to the stress of the film itself, resulting in inaccurate folding. The feeding roller 32 is driven to rotate by the servo motor 34. The rotation of the feeding roller 32 drives the film sleeve to move away from the pre-folding roller 35. At the same time, the film sleeve is continuously pressed and folded to form the film sleeve.

[0019] The film unwinding assembly 2 includes a rotating shaft 21, a bearing disc 22, a locking element 23, a steering wheel 24, and a pressure wheel 25. The steering wheel 24 is located on the side of the pressure wheel 33 away from the feeding wheel 32 and is vertically arranged and rotatably connected to the top of the housing 11. The rotating shaft 21 is located on one side of the mounting plate 31 and rotatably connected to the housing 11. The bearing disc 22 is fixedly arranged on the outer wall of the rotating shaft 21, and the center of the bearing disc 22 is on the same straight line as the axis of the rotating shaft 21. The locking element 23 is a round block with an inner hole and an internal thread in the inner hole. The outer walls above the rotating shaft 21 and the bearing disc 22 are provided with matching external threads. By inserting the roll containing the film into the rotating shaft 21 and obtaining... Supported by the bearing disc 22, the disc is screwed into the rotating shaft 21 to press the drum, thus fixing the drum onto the turntable. The rotating shaft 21 is rotated by pulling the diaphragm, and the diaphragm is unwound from the drum. The pressure roller 25 is located between the rotating shaft 21 and the steering roller 24 and is vertically arranged and rotatably connected to the housing 11. The steering roller 24, the rotating shaft 21, and the pressure roller 25 together form a triangular transmission structure. The diaphragm is stretched and pressed against the pressure roller 25, then pressed against the steering roller 24 for turning, and then passed between the two pre-pressure rollers 33 and then between the feeding roller 32 and the pressure roller 33. The diaphragm is moved by the rotation of the feeding roller 32 and the movement of the diaphragm is stable due to the tension of the pressure roller 25.

[0020] The stamping die 4 includes a die base 41, a stamping cylinder 42, a stamping cutter 43, and guide support columns 44. The stamping base is fixed to the top of the housing 11 and located on the side of the feeding wheel 32 away from the pre-folding wheel 35. The top surface of the die base 41 has an opening that penetrates its rear end, and the outline of the opening matches the outline of the hollow film. There are four guide support columns 44, which are distributed and fixed at the four corners of the top surface of the die base 41. All four guide support columns 44 are connected and fixed to the stamping cylinder 42, which is vertically arranged with its extension shaft pointing downwards. The stamping cutter 43 is fixed to the end of the extension shaft of the stamping cylinder 42, and the stamping cutter 43 extends into the inner hole. The outer outline of the stamping cutter 43 matches the outline of the opening and is fitted in a close manner. The bottom periphery of the stamping cutter 43 is provided with a blade matching its outer outline. The die holder 41 has an inlet hole 412 extending through its length at one end. The inlet hole 412 is aligned with the gap between the feeding roller 32 and the pressure roller 33 and matches the size of the film sleeve formed after the film is folded in half. The inlet hole 412 is a through-hole, and the film sleeve formed is guided into the inlet hole 412 by the feeding roller 32. The inlet hole 412 limits the precise alignment between the film sleeve and the stamping knife 43. The stamping cylinder 42 drives the stamping knife 43 to descend, thus stamping the film sleeve with a central hole. The stamping knife 43 is guided by the opening to achieve high stamping accuracy. The servo motor 34 controls the feeding roller 32 to rotate intermittently, thus moving the film sleeve intermittently. This allows the stamping die 4 to punch several evenly arranged central holes on the long film sleeve.

[0021] The guide seat 5 is fixed to the top surface of the housing 11 and is located on the side of the stamping die 4 away from the feeding wheel 32. A guide slot 51 is provided on one side of the guide seat 5, which penetrates through itself. One end of the guide slot 51 is aligned with the inlet hole 412. The film sleeve passes through the inlet hole 412 and then into the guide slot 51, opening in a V-shape from the guide slot 51 to facilitate the insertion of the index card on the paper into the film sleeve. The paper feeding positioning assembly 6 includes a base plate 61 and a positioning side plate 62 disposed on the top of the base plate 61. The base plate 61 is fixed to the top surface of the housing 11 and is located in the guide slot 51. On one side of the side opening, the positioning side plate 62 is located close to the stamping die 4, and both the base plate 61 and the positioning side plate 62 extend close to the guide slot 51. By placing the paper sheet on the base plate 61 with the index card facing the guide slot 51 and one side of the paper sheet abutting against the positioning side plate 62, the paper sheet is conveyed and positioned, and the index card is accurately inserted into the fixed position in the guide slot 51. This position is the position corresponding to the center hole on the film sleeve each time it moves, so that when the index card is inserted into the film sleeve in the wire slot, the center hole on the index card is accurately aligned with the center hole of the film sleeve.

[0022] The hot pressing assembly 7 includes an upper hot pressing head 71, a lower hot pressing head 72, and two hot pressing drive cylinders 73. One hot pressing drive cylinder 73 is located inside the housing 11 and is fixedly connected to the top of the housing 11. The top of the housing 11 is provided with a clearance opening to allow the telescopic shaft of the hot pressing drive cylinder 73 to extend beyond the top surface of the housing 11. The lower hot pressing head 72 is fixed to the end of the telescopic shaft of the hot pressing drive cylinder 73. An extension frame 13 is provided on the top of the housing 11. The other hot pressing drive cylinder 73 is fixed to the extension frame 13, with its telescopic shaft facing downwards and aligned vertically with the telescopic shaft of the hot pressing drive cylinder 73 fixed to the housing 11. The upper hot pressing head 71 is fixed to the end of the telescopic shaft of the hot pressing drive cylinder 73. The guide seat 5 has a vertical through slot, which connects to the guide slot 51 and is positioned at the guide slot 51 corresponding to the central hole of the aligning film sleeve each time it moves. The upper hot press head 71 and the lower hot press head 72 are both placed in the through slot and are arranged vertically. When the index card on the paper is inserted into the film sleeve, the two hot press drive cylinders 73 are driven synchronously, so that the upper hot press head 71 and the lower hot press head 72 move synchronously towards each other, pressing the film sleeve onto the index card on the paper and heating it. The inside of the film sleeve is coated with hot melt adhesive. The film sleeve is adhered and fixed to the index card by heating and pressurizing by the upper hot press head 71 and the lower hot press head 72. The upper hot press head 71 and the lower hot press head 72 both include a heat-conducting metal block body and a heating element disposed inside the heat-conducting metal block body. The heat-conducting metal block body is heated by the heating element.

[0023] During production, the upper hot press head 71 and the lower hot press head 72 move in opposite directions to press the film sleeve, and the stamping die 4 stamps the film sleeve. The film sleeve is pressed by the upper hot press head 71 and the lower hot press head 72, and the film sleeve is fixed by the reverse rotation of the feeding wheel 32. This makes it difficult for the film sleeve to move or deviate when the stamping die 4 stamps the film sleeve.

[0024] A writable hollow adhesive index pasting machine also includes a control system 8, a servo motor 34, a stamping cylinder 42, a hot-pressing drive cylinder 73, and a heating element, all of which are connected to the control system 8 via signals and are operated in coordination by the control system 8 through program control.

[0025] This application replaces manual folding of adhesive film with a machine, which then transports the folded film to the stamping die 4. This reduces manual labor and labor intensity during production. The machine is also highly error-proof and has good continuous working capacity, thus improving production efficiency. The paper feeding and positioning component 6 accurately guides the index card on the paper, and the folding and pressing component 3 ensures precise alignment between the adhesive film sleeve and the index card, which helps reduce the defect rate. Furthermore, the alignment of the adhesive film sleeve with the index card and the pressing of the adhesive film sleeve onto the index card are completed in a continuous process, reducing intermediate transfer steps and further improving production efficiency.

[0026] Although embodiments of this application have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of this application, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A writable hollow adhesive index pasting machine, characterized in that: The machine includes a frame, on which are mounted a film unwinding assembly, a folding assembly, a stamping die, a guide seat, a paper feeding and positioning assembly, and a hot pressing assembly. The folding assembly is used to fold the film in half and intermittently convey the folded film. The film unwinding assembly is located on one side of the input port of the folding assembly and is used to unwind the rolled film to the input port of the folding assembly. The stamping die is located on one side of the output port of the folding assembly and is used to punch a central hole in the folded film. The guide seat... Located on the side of the stamping die away from the folding assembly, the guide seat has a guide slot that runs through it. One end of the guide slot is aligned with the discharge port of the stamping die, allowing the folded film to pass through for guidance and limiting the opening angle of the folded film. The paper feeding and positioning assembly is located on the side of the guide slot opening and is used to accurately guide the index card on the paper to the fixed position of the guide slot. The hot pressing assembly is connected to the guide slot and is used to hot press the film onto the index card.

2. The writable hollow adhesive index pasting machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The folding and pressing assembly includes a mounting plate, a feeding roller, a pressure roller, and a servo motor. The mounting plate is fixedly mounted on the frame. The feeding roller and the pressure roller are both rotatably mounted on one side of the mounting plate, and the feeding roller and the pressure roller are vertically aligned and spaced to match the thickness of the folded film. The servo motor is fixed to the other side of the mounting plate, and the drive shaft of the servo motor passes through the mounting plate and is connected to the feeding roller to drive the feeding roller to rotate.

3. The writable hollow adhesive index pasting machine according to claim 2, characterized in that: The folding and pressing assembly further includes two pre-folding rollers, both of which are rotatably mounted on the mounting plate and located on the same side as the feeding roller and the pressing roller. The two pre-folding rollers are located between the film unwinding assembly and the feeding roller, and are arranged vertically aligned with each other. The distance between the two pre-folding rollers is greater than the distance between the feeding roller and the pressing roller.

4. The writable hollow adhesive index pasting machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The film unwinding assembly includes a rotating shaft, a bearing disc, and a locking component. The rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the frame and is vertically arranged. The bearing disc is fixedly arranged on the outer wall of the rotating shaft, and the center of the bearing disc is on the same straight line as the axis of the rotating shaft. The locking component is detachably connected to the rotating shaft to fix the roll containing the film onto the turntable.

5. A writable hollow adhesive index pasting machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The stamping die includes a die base, a stamping cylinder, a stamping cutter, and guide support columns. The die base is fixed to the frame. An opening penetrating its own thickness is provided in the center of the top surface of the die base. The outline of the opening matches the outline of the hole in the film. There are four guide support columns, which are distributed and fixed at the four corners of the top surface of the die base. All four guide support columns are connected and fixed to the stamping cylinder, which is vertically arranged with its extension shaft pointing downwards. The stamping cutter is fixed to the end of the extension shaft of the stamping cylinder and extends into the opening. The outer outline of the stamping cutter matches the outline of the opening and is fitted. A blade matching its outer outline is provided on the bottom periphery of the stamping cutter. One end of the die base also has an inlet hole penetrating its own length. The inlet hole is aligned with the input end of the folding assembly. The inlet hole matches the size of the folded film and penetrates the opening.

6. A writable hollow adhesive index pasting machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The paper feeding and positioning assembly includes a base plate and a positioning side plate disposed on the top of the base plate. The positioning side plate is located on the side close to the stamping die, and both the base plate and the positioning side plate extend close to the guide slot.

7. A writable hollow adhesive index pasting machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hot pressing assembly includes an upper hot pressing head, a lower hot pressing head, and two hot pressing drive cylinders. Both hot pressing drive cylinders are connected and fixed to the frame and are arranged symmetrically vertically. The upper hot pressing head is fixed to the telescopic shaft end of the upper hot pressing drive cylinder, and the lower hot pressing head is fixed to the telescopic shaft end of the lower hot pressing drive cylinder. A guide slot is located between the upper and lower hot pressing heads, and a through slot is provided on the guide seat to connect the guide slot. The through slot allows the upper and lower hot pressing heads to move through.