Miniaturized high-power low-insertion-loss annular coupling assembly
By employing a cavity design with a dual-ring circulator and coupler in the ring coupling assembly, combined with ferrite materials and polytetrafluoroethylene dielectric, the problems of high transmit port loss and large size caused by cascaded design in high-power applications are solved, achieving miniaturization and low insertion loss.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202520165435.5
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-01-24
- Publication Date
- 2025-12-23
- Estimated Expiration
- 2035-01-24
AI Technical Summary
In high-power applications, the existing technology's cascaded design of circulators and couplers results in high transmit port losses and large size, making it difficult to meet the requirements of miniaturization and low insertion loss.
The design employs a combination of a dual-ring circulator and a coupler. By creating separate cavities within the housing, the circulator and coupler are placed in different cavities and connected by a stripline and a central conductor. By combining the gyromagnetic properties of ferrite material with the use of polytetrafluoroethylene dielectric, low insertion loss and high power output are achieved.
It integrates low insertion loss output and high-power coupled detection of the circulator in a small space, making it suitable for integration into various transceiver systems, reducing transmission loss and achieving miniaturization.
Smart Images
Figure CN223713036U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of microwave radio frequency technology, and in particular to a miniaturized, high-power, low-insertion-loss ring coupling component. Background Technology
[0002] Circulators are three-port devices with unidirectional transmission characteristics, widely used in radar and communication systems to isolate transmitted and received signals. Their main technical specifications include insertion loss, isolation, VSWR, and power capacity. Couplers are commonly used for signal isolation, separation, and mixing. They can extract a small portion of energy from the main transmission path and direct it to one or more coupling ports for power monitoring, signal source isolation, etc. Their main technical specifications include insertion loss, coupling, directivity, and VSWR.
[0003] In communication systems, circulators are typically used in the RF front end for switching between transmit and receive signals, while couplers are typically used in detection and calibration circuits. Traditionally, circulators and couplers are designed separately and connected to ports via microstrip lines. Circulators typically come in various forms, including coaxial, surface-mount, stripline, and waveguide rings, while couplers typically come in various forms, such as coaxial lines, striplines, microstrip lines, chips, metal waveguides, or dielectric waveguides. In high-power applications, regardless of the combination method used, cascading mismatch often results in high transmit port losses and large size in actual production. Utility Model Content
[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a miniaturized, high-power, low-insertion-loss ring coupling component, which reduces size and transmission loss.
[0005] In order to achieve the purpose of this utility model, the following solution is proposed:
[0006] A miniaturized, high-power, low-insertion-loss ring coupling assembly includes a housing and a coupler substrate, a dual-ring circulator, and a stripline disposed within the housing.
[0007] The dual-ring circulator consists of a first circulator and a second circulator. Each circulator has three pins. The first pin of the first circulator is connected to port P1 via a stripline. Port P1 is the transmit port. The second pin is connected to ports P2 and P4 via coupler paths on the coupler substrate. Port P2 is the antenna port, and port P4 is the coupled detector port. The third pin is connected to the third pin of the second circulator.
[0008] The first pin of the second circulator is connected to the high-power load module, and the second pin is connected to the P3 port, which is the receive output port.
[0009] Further, the assembly constitutes three paths, the first path is a transmitting path, signals are input from the P1 port, then through the transmitting input strip line, the first circulator, and output from the P2 port; the second path is a receiving path, signals are input from the P2 port, then through the coupler path, the first circulator, the second circulator, and output from the P3 port; the third path is a receiving coupling path, signals are output from the P1 port, then through the transmitting input strip line, the first circulator, and output from the P4 port on the coupler substrate.
[0010] Further, the P1 port, the P2 port, the P3 port and the P4 port adopt polytetrafluoroethylene dielectric and a center conductor adapted to 50Ω, the center conductor adopts a stepped design, and is embedded with the cavity, so that the center conductor is stable and does not fall off during transportation and assembly.
[0011] Further, the shell body is provided with a sub-cavity, and the coupler substrate and the strip line are located in different sub-cavities, so that the transmitting and receiving are isolated.
[0012] Further, the elements of each circulator are laminated in the iron cavity, the material of the iron cavity is ferrite, and from top to bottom, the elements are an upper permanent magnet, an upper grounding plate, an upper gyromagnetic substrate, a polytetrafluoroethylene film, a center conductor, a polytetrafluoroethylene film, a lower gyromagnetic substrate, a lower grounding plate and a lower permanent magnet, and the thicknesses of the polytetrafluoroethylene films on the upper and lower surfaces of the center conductor are both 0.05mm, and the upper gyromagnetic substrate and the lower gyromagnetic substrate both adopt samarium-cobalt permanent magnets.
[0013] Further, in the transmitting path, the insulating dielectric, the copper sheet, the insulating dielectric and the cover plate are laminated to form the strip line, so that the effect of low insertion loss of the transmitting path is achieved, and the height of the cover plate can be adapted to the actual air height, so that the grounding of the strip line is good.
[0014] The ring coupling assembly has the power resistance function, and can be used for interference of a microwave weapon with a power of 1000W, a pulse width of 1us, a repetition frequency of 100Hz and a pulse rising edge of 5ns.
[0015] The shell body adopts an integrated machining structure, and the ring isolation assembly and the coupler are cascaded in the cavity to realize the ring and coupling functions of the assembly, the corresponding ports of the product are subjected to dielectric wall penetration treatment, low insertion loss and high power output are realized through corresponding impedance matching transformation, and the ring circulator low insertion loss output and the high power coupling detection output are integrated in a small space, so that the ring coupling assembly is suitable for integrated use in various transmitting and receiving systems. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0016] Figure 1 A principle block diagram of the ring coupling assembly is shown;
[0017] Figure 2The internal plane of the outer shell is shown schematically;
[0018] Figure 3 The external structure of the ring coupling assembly is shown;
[0019] Figure 4 The return loss characteristic curve of the P1 port, the P2 port and the P4 port is shown;
[0020] Figure 5 The antenna output and the transmission output loss characteristic curve is shown.
[0021] Figure 6 The coupling degree characteristic curve in the coupling detection is shown;
[0022] Figure 7 The isolation degree characteristic curve of the P1 port and the P3 port is shown;
[0023] The figure is marked: the outer shell 1, the coupler substrate 2, the first circulator 31, the second circulator 32, the strip line 4, the high-power load module 9. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0024] As shown in Figure 2 , Figure 3 The embodiment provides a small high-power low-insertion-loss ring coupling assembly, which comprises an outer shell 1 and a coupler substrate 2, a double-ring circulator and a strip line 4 arranged in the outer shell 1.
[0025] Specifically, the double-ring circulator is a first circulator 31 and a second circulator 32, each of which is provided with three pins, the first pin of the first circulator 31 is connected with a P1 port through the strip line 4, the P1 port is a transmission port; the second pin of the first circulator 31 is connected with a P2 port and a P4 port through a coupler passage on the coupler substrate 2, the P2 port is an antenna port, and the P4 port is a coupling detection port; the third pin of the first circulator 31 is connected with the third pin of the second circulator 32, the first pin of the second circulator 32 is connected with a high-power load module 9, and the second pin of the second circulator 32 is connected with a P3 port, the P3 port is a receiving output port.
[0026] The embodiment is suitable for small high-power low-cost conditions, for example, the transmission path and the receiving path can be used for transceiving duplex in the system, and the transmission coupling path can be used for transmission power detection.
[0027] In order to realize low insertion loss output under high power condition, the circulator in the embodiment adopts Drop-in structure mode, the upper permanent magnet, the upper ground plate, the upper gyromagnetic substrate, the polytetrafluoroethylene film, the center conductor, the polytetrafluoroethylene film, the lower gyromagnetic substrate, the lower ground plate and the lower permanent magnet are overlapped in the iron cavity in sequence, the upper gyromagnetic substrate and the lower gyromagnetic substrate both adopt samarium-cobalt permanent magnet, the material of the iron cavity is ferrite, and then the threaded pressing plate is used to stack and press the elements together, the structure form has the advantages of compact structure, light weight, good processing consistency, convenient assembly, the circuit form adopts delta connection, three-port LC matching and bandwidth expansion. The working mode adopts high field working mode, which is helpful to reduce the insertion loss and improve the power capacity, the electromagnetic wave directional transmission function is realized by using the gyromagnetic characteristic of ferrite, the circulator isolation assembly adopts the iron cavity, the magnetic circuit isolation is considered in the design, the polytetrafluoroethylene medium ring outside the ferrite can not only isolate the magnetic circuit, but also improve the power capacity. The polytetrafluoroethylene film with a thickness of 0.05mm is added to the upper and lower surfaces of the center conductor, which can reduce the insertion loss, increase the breakdown voltage and improve the power capacity of the system.
[0028] At the same time, in order to realize low insertion loss output of the circulator, a linear cavity is designed considering the actual assembly problem, and the strip line 4 is realized by stacking, that is, an insulating medium is first placed, then a layer of copper sheet is placed, at this time the output pin of the circulator is welded with the copper sheet by welding, then an insulating medium is placed, and finally the metal shielding is realized by the cover plate.
[0029] In order to realize miniaturization, the circulator and the coupler are designed integrally in the embodiment, but the shell 1 is provided with a divided cavity, the coupler substrate 2 and the strip line 4 are respectively placed in different divided cavities, the distance and size of the two cavities are adjusted by simulation software, the specific coupling degree and directivity of the coupler are realized, and the low insertion loss output of the circulator is realized. When combined, the coupler part is first welded to the corresponding position of the cavity, and then the assembly of the circulator isolation assembly is assembled, the electrical performance connection of the two adopts welding, the center conductor of the circulator isolation assembly is welded on the coupler printed circuit board, the wall penetrating part is made of polytetrafluoroethylene medium and a center conductor matched with 50Ω, and is welded in communication with the printed board, the center conductor is designed with steps and is mutually embedded with the cavity, so as to ensure the stability of the center conductor during transportation and assembly.
[0030] As Figure 1 , Figure 2As shown, the ring coupling assembly provided by the embodiment has three paths, the first path is a transmitting path, a signal is input from the P1 port, then is output from the P2 port through the transmitting input strip line 4 and the first circulator 31, the second path is a receiving path, a signal is input from the P2 port, then is output from the P3 port through the coupler path, the first circulator 31 and the second circulator 32, and the third path is a receiving coupling path, a signal is output from the P1 port, then is output from the P4 port on the coupler substrate 2 through the transmitting input strip line 4 and the first circulator 31.
[0031] As shown in the figure, Figure 4 As shown in the figure, the VSWR of the P1 port, the P2 port and the P4 port is less than 1.25 within 2.7GHz-3.4GHz, as shown in the figure, Figure 5 As shown in the figure, the antenna output and the transmitting output loss are both less than 0.25dB within 2.7GHz-3.4GHz, as shown in the figure, Figure 6 As shown in the figure, the coupling degree in the coupling detection is 25.35dB-27dB within 2.7GHz-3.4GHz, and the coupling degree can be designed according to the actual application requirement, as shown in the figure, Figure 7 As shown in the figure, the isolation of the P1 port and the P3 port is greater than 20dB within 2.7GHz-3.4GHz.
[0032] The design and assembly process of the ring coupling assembly is as follows:
[0033] First, a simulation model is established, a coupling detection circuit is designed, a certain coupling degree is selected according to the actual engineering requirement, then a circulator simulation model is established, a high field working mode is selected according to the actual engineering requirement, and then an independent cavity is designed according to the shape of the coupler, the circulator and the P1 port, the depth and width of the cavity are adjusted by changing the simulation parameters, the P1 port, the P2 port and the P4 port adopt a polytetrafluoroethylene medium and a center conductor matched with 50Ω, and then are welded with the printed board to be in communication.
[0034] Further, based on the simulation model, the shell 1 is processed and designed, the designed coupler substrate 2 and strip line 4 are bonded in the corresponding cavities, the double-ring circulator is assembled, the connecting parts are welded, the P3 port adopts a polytetrafluoroethylene medium and a center conductor matched with 50Ω, and then is welded with the printed board to be in communication.
[0035] The above embodiment is only used for illustrating the technical idea and characteristics of the utility model, and does not represent the only or limit the utility model. Those skilled in the art should understand that various changes or equivalent replacements made to the utility model without departing from the scope of the utility model all belong to the scope of protection of the utility model.
Claims
1. A compact high power low insertion loss circulator assembly, characterized by, The application relates to a coupler assembly, which comprises an outer shell (1), a coupler substrate (2) arranged in the outer shell (1), a dual-loop circulator and a strip line (4). The dual-loop circulator comprises a first loop circulator (31) and a second loop circulator (32), each loop circulator (3) is provided with three pins, the first pin of the first loop circulator (31) is connected with a P1 port through the strip line (4), the P1 port is a transmitting port; the second pin is connected with a P2 port and a P4 port through a coupler channel on the coupler substrate (2) respectively, the P2 port is an antenna port, and the P4 port is a coupling detection port; and the third pin is connected with a third pin of the second loop circulator (32). The first pin of the second loop circulator (32) is connected with a high-power load module (9), and the second pin is connected with a P3 port, the P3 port is a receiving output port.
2. The compact high power low insertion loss circulator assembly of claim 1, wherein, The assembly forms three channels, a first channel is a transmitting channel, a signal is input from a P1 port, then is output from a P2 port through a transmitting input strip line (4) and a first loop circulator (31); a second channel is a receiving channel, a signal is input from a P2 port, then is output from a P3 port through a coupler channel, a first loop circulator (31) and a second loop circulator (32); and a third channel is a receiving coupling channel, a signal is output from a P1 port, then is output from a P4 port on the coupler substrate (2) through a transmitting input strip line (4) and a first loop circulator (31).
3. The compact high power low insertion loss circulator assembly of claim 1, wherein, Polytetrafluoroethylene dielectric and a center conductor matched with 50 omega are adopted for wall-penetrating parts of the P1 port, the P2 port, the P3 port and the P4 port, and the center conductor adopts a stepped design.
4. The compact high power low insertion loss circulator assembly of claim 1, wherein, A split cavity is arranged in the outer shell (1), and the coupler substrate (2) and the strip line (4) are arranged in different split cavities.
5. The compact high power low insertion loss circulator assembly of claim 1, wherein, Each element of each loop circulator is laminated in an iron cavity, the material of the iron cavity is ferrite, and from top to bottom, the elements are an upper permanent magnet, an upper grounding plate, an upper gyromagnetic substrate, a polytetrafluoroethylene film, a center conductor, a polytetrafluoroethylene film, a lower gyromagnetic substrate, a lower grounding plate and a lower permanent magnet, the thicknesses of the polytetrafluoroethylene films on the upper and lower surfaces of the center conductor are both 0.05 mm, the upper gyromagnetic substrate and the lower gyromagnetic substrate are both samarium-cobalt permanent magnets.
6. The compact high power low insertion loss circulator assembly of claim 2, wherein, In the transmitting channel, the strip line (4) is formed by laminating an insulating dielectric, a copper sheet, an insulating dielectric and a cover plate.