Positioning tool

Abstract

The utility model provides a positioning tool. The positioning tool comprises a base plate, a plurality of mounting point positions are arranged on the base plate, and the positioning tool further comprises a first positioning device detachably mounted on part of the mounting point positions at one end of the base plate in the X direction, a second positioning device detachably mounted on part of the mounting point positions at the other end of the base plate in the X direction and a center mechanism. The first positioning device and the center mechanism are oppositely arranged in the X direction, and the two second positioning devices are oppositely arranged in the Y direction. The positioning tool can be flexibly installed according to the sizes of the front outer cylinders of the Y-shaped undercarriages of different models and positioning references of different milling procedures, effective clamping of workpieces is achieved, the flexibility is higher, and the universality of the positioning tool is greatly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of machining technology, and in particular to a positioning fixture applicable to the machining of multiple milling operations in the machining process of a typical landing gear front outer cylinder component. Background Technology

[0002] The structure of the nose landing gear outer cylinder is quite typical, mostly a Y-shaped structure. During the machining process of the nose landing gear outer cylinder, multiple milling operations are usually designed. When the positioning datum for different milling operations differs, different tooling is required to position the workpiece. This necessitates the design and manufacture of multiple sets of fixtures, leading to higher costs. Furthermore, when the product model is updated and no longer applicable, it results in significant waste. Utility Model Content

[0003] The purpose of this utility model is to provide a positioning fixture that can improve versatility and meet the clamping requirements of the milling process of typical front outer cylinder parts.

[0004] The technical solution of this utility model is: a positioning fixture, including a base plate having a length direction X and a width direction Y, the base plate having a plurality of mounting points, the positioning fixture further including a first positioning device detachably mounted on a portion of the mounting points at one end of the base plate in the X direction, a second positioning device detachably mounted on a portion of the mounting points at the other end of the base plate in the X direction, and a tip mechanism, the first positioning device and the tip mechanism being arranged opposite to each other in the X direction, and two second positioning devices being arranged opposite to each other in the Y direction.

[0005] In the above scheme, the mounting points on the base plate are designed according to the size of existing similar workpieces and the positioning references of different milling processes of the same workpiece. The first positioning device, the second positioning device and the center mechanism adopt a detachable installation structure, which can be flexibly installed according to the size of the front outer cylinder of different Y-type landing gears and the positioning references of different milling processes, so as to realize the effective clamping of the workpiece, which is more flexible and greatly improves the versatility of the positioning fixture.

[0006] Preferably, the first positioning device includes a first support, a first pressure plate, a first connecting rod, a second connecting rod, and a first spindle. The first support is mounted on a base plate, the first spindle is mounted on the first support, one end of the first pressure plate is rotatably mounted above the first support via the first connecting rod, the upper end of the first support is also provided with a second connecting rod, and the other end of the first pressure plate is provided with a latch that can be engaged with the second connecting rod, thereby limiting the engagement of the first pressure plate and the first spindle.

[0007] Preferably, the first positioning device further includes a first spring, which is fitted onto the first connecting rod and abuts against the first pressure plate and the first support respectively.

[0008] Preferably, the first mandrel includes a first nut, a pull rod, a washer, a second nut, a cover plate, an expansion sleeve seat, and an expansion sleeve; one end of the expansion sleeve seat is fitted with the cover plate, and the other end of the expansion sleeve seat is provided with a second cone; the end of the cover plate away from the expansion sleeve seat is provided with an external thread for installing the second nut; the pull rod is fitted into the cover plate and the expansion sleeve seat, and one end of the pull rod extends out of the expansion sleeve seat as a first cone; the other end of the pull rod extends out of the cover plate and is sequentially fitted with a washer and a first nut; the expansion sleeve is fitted onto the first cone and the second cone.

[0009] Preferably, the first mandrel further includes a first screw, the pull rod is provided with a sliding hole that extends along the axial direction of the pull rod, the first screw is installed on the expansion sleeve seat, and the end of the first screw is adapted to the sliding hole.

[0010] Preferably, the sidewall of the expansion sleeve is provided with multiple cracks, the multiple cracks are evenly distributed along the circumference of the expansion sleeve, the cracks penetrate the wall thickness of the expansion sleeve, and the cracks are connected at one end along the axial direction of the expansion sleeve.

[0011] Preferably, the axial penetration directions of adjacent cracks are opposite.

[0012] Preferably, the tip mechanism includes a shim block mounted on the substrate and a tip mounted on the shim block, the tip extending along the X direction.

[0013] Preferably, the positioning fixture further includes a third positioning device located beside the first positioning device in the X direction, and two third positioning devices are arranged opposite each other in the Y direction.

[0014] Preferably, the positioning fixture further includes at least one support mounted on the substrate, the support being located between the first positioning device and the second positioning device.

[0015] Compared with related technologies, the beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows: the positioning fixture is designed based on the mounting points on the base plate according to the dimensions of existing similar workpieces and the positioning references of different milling processes of the same workpiece. The first positioning device, the second positioning device and the center mechanism adopt a detachable installation structure, which can be flexibly installed according to the dimensions of the front outer cylinder of different models of Y-type landing gear and the positioning references of different milling processes, so as to realize the effective clamping of the workpiece, which is more flexible and greatly improves the versatility of the positioning fixture. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1A schematic diagram of the positioning fixture provided by this utility model;

[0017] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the first mandrel;

[0018] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the first mandrel;

[0019] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the third mandrel.

[0020] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the clamping process for vertical milling of a workpiece using the positioning fixture provided by this utility model.

[0021] Figure 6 This is a clamping diagram for using the positioning fixture provided by this utility model to perform horizontal milling of the workpiece's outer shape.

[0022] In the attached diagram: 1. First positioning device; 11. First support; 111. Mounting port; 12. First pressure plate; 121. Bayonet; 13. First connecting rod; 14. Second connecting rod; 15. First spindle; 151. First nut; 152. Pull rod; 1521. First cone; 1522. Sliding hole; 153. Pad; 154. Second nut; 155. Cover plate; 156. First screw; 157. Expansion sleeve seat; 1571. Second cone; 158. Second screw; 159. Expansion sleeve; 1591. First conical hole; 1592. Second conical hole; 1593. Crack 16. First spring; 2. Second positioning device; 21. Second support; 22. Second pressure plate; 23. Third connecting rod; 24. Fourth connecting rod; 25. Second mandrel; 26. Second spring; 27. Limiting rod; 3. Third positioning device; 31. Third support; 32. Third pressure plate; 33. Fifth connecting rod; 34. Sixth connecting rod; 35. Third mandrel; 35. Positioning notch; 36. Third spring; 4. Center mechanism; 41. Elevating block; 42. Center; 5. Base plate; 6. Support; 7. Mounting sleeve; 8. Ball lock pin; 9. Lifting ring; 10. Workpiece. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in the embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other. For ease of description, the terms "upper," "lower," "left," and "right" appearing below only indicate that they correspond to the upper, lower, left, and right directions in the accompanying drawings and do not limit the structure.

[0024] like Figure 1As shown, the positioning fixture provided in this embodiment includes a first positioning device 1, a second positioning device 2, a third positioning device 3, a center mechanism 4, a base plate 5, a support 6, a mounting sleeve 7, a ball lock pin 8, and a lifting ring 9.

[0025] Based on the positioning reference of multiple milling processes for the same workpiece and the positioning dimensions of typical front outer cylinder parts with similar dimensions, multiple mounting points are designed on the substrate 5. The structure of the mounting points consists of mounting holes machined on the substrate 5, mounting sleeves 7 are set in the mounting holes, and ball locking pins 8 are installed in the mounting sleeves 7. The hole spacing tolerance of the mounting holes is no greater than 0.015mm.

[0026] The substrate 5 has a length direction X and a width direction Y. The first positioning device 1 is detachably mounted on a portion of the mounting point at one end of the substrate 5 in the X direction. The second positioning device 2 and the tip mechanism 4 are detachably mounted on a portion of the mounting point at the other end of the substrate 5 in the X direction. The first positioning device 1 and the tip mechanism 4 are arranged opposite each other in the X direction, and two second positioning devices 2 are arranged opposite each other in the Y direction. The third positioning device 3 is detachably mounted on a portion of the mounting point of the substrate 5, and the third positioning device 3 is located beside the first positioning device 1 in the X direction; two third positioning devices 3 are arranged opposite each other in the Y direction.

[0027] The first positioning device 1 includes a first support 11, a first pressure plate 12, a first connecting rod 13, a second connecting rod 14, a first mandrel 15, and a first spring 16. The lower end of the first support 11 is mounted to the corresponding mounting point on the base plate 5 via a ball-locking pin 8. Later, for different milling processes on the same workpiece, due to different positioning references, the workpiece can be clamped and positioned by disassembling and installing the first support 11 and the first mandrel 15, making each positioning device reconfigurable and adjustable. For typical front-end outer cylinder workpieces with similar structures, the first support 11 and the first mandrel 15 are redesigned and manufactured according to the workpiece's positioning dimensions, reducing the number of parts on the tooling that need to be reprocessed after product model updates, thus saving costs.

[0028] The first support 11 has a downwardly concave arc-shaped mounting opening 111 at its upper center, and the first mandrel 15 is installed in the mounting opening 111. One end of the first pressure plate 12 is rotatably mounted above the first support 11 via a first connecting rod 13. The upper end of the first support 11 is also provided with a second connecting rod 14, and the other end of the first pressure plate 12 is provided with a latch 121 that can be engaged with the second connecting rod 14, thus limiting the engagement of the first pressure plate 12 and the first mandrel 15. The first spring 16 is fitted onto the first connecting rod 13, and the first spring 16 abuts against both the first pressure plate 12 and the first support 11. By moving the first pressure plate 12 in the opposite direction, the limitation on the first mandrel 15 can be released, allowing for the removal or replacement of the first mandrel 15. The installed first mandrel 15 is positioned towards the tip mechanism 4.

[0029] like Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown, the first mandrel 15 includes a first nut 151, a pull rod 152, a washer 153, a second nut 154, a cover plate 155, a first screw 156, an expansion sleeve seat 157, a second screw 158, and an expansion sleeve 159. One end of the expansion sleeve seat 157 is fitted with the cover plate 155 via the first screw 156, and the other end of the expansion sleeve seat 157 is provided with a second cone head 1571. The end of the cover plate 155 away from the expansion sleeve seat 157 has an external thread for installing the second nut 154. The pull rod 152 is fitted into the cover plate 155 and the expansion sleeve seat 157, and one end of the pull rod 152 extends out of the expansion sleeve seat 157 as the first cone head 1521. The other end of the pull rod 152 extends out of the cover plate 155, and the washer 153 and the first nut 151 are sequentially installed thereon. The first cone head 1521 and the second cone head 1571 have opposite inclination directions. The expansion sleeve 159 is fitted onto the first cone head 1521 and the second cone head 1571, and the expansion sleeve 159 has a first cone hole 1591 that is adapted to the first cone head 1521 and a second cone hole 1592 that is adapted to the second cone head 1571.

[0030] The pull rod 152 is provided with a sliding hole 1522, which extends along the axial direction of the pull rod 152. The first screw 156 is installed on the expansion sleeve seat 157, and the end of the first screw 156 is adapted to the sliding hole 1522.

[0031] The expansion sleeve 159 has multiple slits 1593 on its side wall. The multiple slits 1593 are evenly distributed around the circumference of the expansion sleeve 159. The slits 1593 penetrate the wall thickness of the expansion sleeve 159, and the slits 1593 are axially continuous at one end along the axial direction of the expansion sleeve 159. The axial directions of adjacent slits 1593 are opposite.

[0032] In use, a wrench is used to tighten the first nut 151, driving the pull rod 152 to move axially, causing the first cone 1521 to move towards the second cone 1571, thereby opening the crack 1593 and causing the expansion sleeve 159 to expand and abut against the shaft hole of the workpiece 10 for limiting. Tightening the first nut 151 in the opposite direction will loosen the expansion sleeve 159. Using the expansion sleeve 159 to limit movement can eliminate the gap between the mandrel and the shaft hole on the workpiece 10, reducing workpiece deformation.

[0033] like Figure 1 As shown, the second positioning device 2 includes a second support 21, a second pressure plate 22, a third connecting rod 23, a fourth connecting rod 24, a second spindle 25, a second spring 26, and a limiting rod 27. The mounting structure of the second support 21, the second pressure plate 22, the third connecting rod 23, the fourth connecting rod 24, the second spindle 25, and the second spring 26, as well as their mounting structure with the base plate 5, are the same as those of the first positioning device 1. The structure and working principle of the second spindle 25 are the same as those of the first spindle 15.

[0034] The limiting rod 27 is threadedly mounted on the second support 21. The limiting rod 27 is a screw; by screwing the limiting rod 27, its extended rear end abuts against the side of the workpiece 10 (e.g., ...). Figure 5 As shown), to prevent the end face of workpiece 10 from moving along the hole axis direction during machining.

[0035] like Figure 1 As shown, the third positioning device 3 includes a third support 31, a third pressure plate 32, a fifth connecting rod 33, a sixth connecting rod 34, a third spindle 35, and a third spring 36. The mounting structure of the third support 31, the third pressure plate 32, the fifth connecting rod 33, the sixth connecting rod 34, the third spindle 35, and the third spring 36, and their mounting structure with the base plate 5, are the same as those of the first positioning device 1. The first connecting rod 13, the second connecting rod 14, the third connecting rod 23, the fourth connecting rod 24, the fifth connecting rod 33, and the sixth connecting rod 34 can all be threaded rods.

[0036] like Figure 4 As shown, one end of the third spindle 35 is provided with a positioning notch 351, and the other end of the spindle is installed in the mounting opening of the third support 31.

[0037] like Figure 1 As shown, the tip mechanism 4 includes a shim block 41 mounted on the substrate 5 and a tip 42 mounted on the shim block 41, the tip 42 extending in the X direction.

[0038] like Figure 1 , Figure 5As shown, the support 6 is installed at a certain mounting point on the base plate 5. The support 6 is located between the first positioning device 1 and the second positioning device 2, and its specific position is installed according to the shape of the workpiece 10 that needs to be supported. The support 6 is a manual hydraulic support, which can be raised and lowered to support the lower surface of the workpiece 10, thereby reducing the vibration of the workpiece 10 and reducing processing deformation. There can be multiple supports 6.

[0039] The substrate 5 is provided with lifting rings 9 around its periphery for easy transfer and positioning.

[0040] like Figure 5 As shown, when using the positioning fixture provided by this utility model to perform vertical milling of the workpiece 10, the first positioning device 1, the second positioning device 2, the center mechanism 4 and the support 6 are used to clamp the workpiece 10.

[0041] like Figure 6 As shown, when using the positioning fixture provided by this utility model to perform a horizontal milling process on the workpiece 10, the workpiece 10 is clamped using the third positioning device 3, the second positioning device 2, the center mechanism 4, and the support 6.

[0042] The two processes reassemble the positioning device according to the processing requirements of workpiece 10 to meet the process positioning and clamping requirements.

[0043] The above description is merely an embodiment of this utility model and does not limit the patent scope of this utility model. Any equivalent structural or procedural transformations made based on the content of this utility model specification and drawings, or direct or indirect applications in other related technical fields, are similarly included within the patent protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A positioning fixture, comprising a base plate (5) having a length direction X and a width direction Y, characterized in that, The substrate (5) is provided with multiple mounting points. The positioning fixture also includes a first positioning device (1) that can be detachably installed on a portion of the mounting points at one end of the substrate (5) in the X direction, a second positioning device (2) that can be detachably installed on a portion of the mounting points at the other end of the substrate (5) in the X direction, and a top mechanism (4). The first positioning device (1) and the top mechanism (4) are arranged opposite to each other in the X direction, and there are two second positioning devices (2) that are arranged opposite to each other in the Y direction.

2. The positioning fixture according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first positioning device (1) includes a first support (11), a first pressure plate (12), a first connecting rod (13), a second connecting rod (14), and a first spindle (15). The first support (11) is mounted on the base plate (5), and the first spindle (15) is mounted on the first support (11). One end of the first pressure plate (12) is rotatably mounted above the first support (11) via the first connecting rod (13). The upper end of the first support (11) is also provided with a second connecting rod (14). The other end of the first pressure plate (12) is provided with a latch (121) that can be fastened to the second connecting rod (14). The fastened first pressure plate (12) and the first spindle (15) are limited in position.

3. The positioning fixture according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first positioning device (1) further includes a first spring (16), which is fitted onto the first connecting rod (13) and abuts against the first pressure plate (12) and the first support (11) respectively.

4. The positioning fixture according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first mandrel (15) includes a first nut (151), a pull rod (152), a washer (153), a second nut (154), a cover plate (155), an expansion sleeve seat (157), and an expansion sleeve (159); the cover plate (155) is installed at one end of the expansion sleeve seat (157), and a second cone (1571) is provided at the other end of the expansion sleeve seat (157); the end of the cover plate (155) away from the expansion sleeve seat (157) is provided for installing the second nut (154). The external thread of the pull rod (152) is fitted into the cover plate (155) and the expansion sleeve seat (157), and one end of the pull rod (152) extends to the outside of the expansion sleeve seat (157) as the first cone head (1521). The other end of the pull rod (152) extends to the outside of the cover plate (155) and is sequentially fitted with a pad (153) and a first nut (151). The expansion sleeve (159) is fitted onto the first cone head (1521) and the second cone head (1571).

5. The positioning fixture according to claim 4, characterized in that, The first mandrel (15) also includes a first screw (156), the pull rod (152) is provided with a sliding hole (1522), the sliding hole (1522) extends along the axial direction of the pull rod (152), the first screw (156) is installed on the expansion sleeve (157), and the end of the first screw (156) is adapted to the sliding hole (1522).

6. The positioning fixture according to claim 4, characterized in that, The expansion sleeve (159) has multiple slits (1593) on its side wall. The multiple slits (1593) are evenly distributed around the circumference of the expansion sleeve (159). The slits (1593) penetrate the wall thickness of the expansion sleeve (159), and the slits (1593) are connected at one end along the axial direction of the expansion sleeve (159).

7. The positioning fixture according to claim 6, characterized in that, The axial penetration directions of adjacent cracks (1593) are opposite.

8. The positioning fixture according to claim 1, characterized in that, The tip mechanism (4) includes a shim (41) mounted on the substrate (5) and a tip (42) mounted on the shim (41), the tip (42) extending in the X direction.

9. The positioning fixture according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, It also includes a third positioning device (3) located beside the first positioning device (1) in the X direction, wherein two third positioning devices (3) are arranged opposite each other in the Y direction.

10. The positioning fixture according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, It also includes at least one support (6) mounted on the substrate (5), the support (6) being located between the first positioning device (1) and the second positioning device (2).

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