Weak surrounding rock tunnel large deformation section supporting structure

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of tunnel protection, and discloses a weak surrounding rock tunnel large deformation section supporting structure which comprises a supporting frame for supporting a tunnel, and further comprises a mounting plate and a stand column which are sequentially fixed below the supporting frame from top to bottom, and the mounting plate is fixedly connected with the supporting frame; an alarm device is further connected to the lower portion of the mounting plate, when the tunnel collapses, the pressure of the mounting plate on the alarm device is increased, and the alarm device gives an alarm. The tunnel sinking warning device has the advantages of being good in supporting performance, high in warning sensitivity, wide in application range, capable of adjusting supporting force, easy to mount and dismount, convenient to use and capable of effectively reminding constructors in time when a tunnel sinks.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of tunnel protection technology, and in particular to a support structure for the large deformation section of a tunnel in weak surrounding rock. Background Technology

[0002] Tunnels are engineering structures buried underground, representing a form of human utilization of underground space. Tunnels can be categorized into traffic tunnels, hydraulic tunnels, municipal tunnels, mining tunnels, and military tunnels. During tunnel construction, support structures are typically used to reinforce the tunnel ceiling to prevent collapses. These support structures must ensure their own support capabilities and effectively alert construction workers in the event of tunnel subsidence.

[0003] Chinese patent CN216342263U relates to the field of tunnel protection technology, specifically to a support structure for large deformation sections of tunnels in weak surrounding rock. It includes a support device and a detection device mounted above the support device. The support device includes a base plate with connecting blocks at both ends of the top of the base plate. Multiple support rods are mounted on the outer walls of the connecting blocks. This patent utilizes the detection device to detect deformation of the base plate, which causes indentation. This displacement of the first and second sliding blocks is achieved through the connecting plates and driven rods. By observing the positions of the first and second sliding blocks and using a sound-emitting device for added alerts, it is possible to determine whether the tunnel is showing signs of collapse. However, this patent also has the following problems:

[0004] (1) When signs of tunnel collapse appear, the supporting structure will slowly deform. It is necessary to frequently observe whether the first and second sliding blocks have moved, which affects the construction work. During this process, people cannot quickly observe the state of the supporting structure. If the tunnel sinks, it is very easy for construction workers to fail to notice in time, thus causing a safety accident.

[0005] (2) The patent uses a sound-emitting element to assist in reminding whether there are signs of collapse in the tunnel. The sound-emitting element relies on the change of gas pressure in the chute, and the sensitivity of the sound-emitting element also needs to be ensured. This method is unstable and requires good sealing between the second sliding block and the chute. For support devices that are constructed in tunnels for a long time, it is not easy to ensure the sealing performance between the second sliding block and the chute. Therefore, the sound-emitting element is prone to failure and poses a safety hazard. In addition, the sound-emitting element uses a bell, and the sound of the bell is not loud and is easily covered by other construction sounds, so it cannot achieve the purpose of reminder.

[0006] (3) The driven rod in the support structure of this patent is arranged obliquely and will move when the pressure changes. Therefore, its stability is weak and its support performance is poor. The connection points at both ends are also prone to breakage due to oblique force, which will damage the overall support structure and pose a safety hazard. Utility Model Content

[0007] To overcome the problems mentioned above in the background technology, this utility model provides a new support structure for the large deformation section of a tunnel in weak surrounding rock, which has the advantages of good support performance, high alarm sensitivity, wide adaptability, adjustable support force, easy installation and disassembly, convenient use, and timely and effective reminder to construction personnel when tunnel subsidence occurs.

[0008] The technical solution of this utility model is as follows:

[0009] A support structure for the large deformation section of a tunnel in weak surrounding rock includes a support frame supporting the tunnel, and mounting plates and columns fixed from top to bottom below the support frame. The mounting plates are fixedly connected to the support frame. An alarm device is also connected below the mounting plate. When the tunnel collapses, the pressure of the mounting plate on the alarm device increases, and the alarm device sounds.

[0010] Preferably, the support frame includes a fan-shaped support plate, and the support plate is fixedly connected to the mounting plate by a plurality of evenly arranged support rods. A plurality of sockets are fixed on the bottom wall of the support plate, and the top of the support rod is inserted into the corresponding socket.

[0011] Preferably, the alarm device is mounted on an adjustment plate, which is located below and parallel to the mounting plate, and is connected in series with the mounting plate via a vertically arranged slide rod.

[0012] In a further preferred embodiment, the end of the adjusting plate away from the slide rod is also provided with a threaded rod, the threaded rod vertically downward through the adjusting plate and fixedly connected to the slide rod, and the bottom surface of the adjusting plate is also connected to the threaded sleeve fitted on the threaded rod.

[0013] More preferably, the alarm device and the adjustment plate are each provided in two sets, symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the mounting plate.

[0014] More preferably, the alarm device includes a pressure sensor, an audible and visual alarm, and a controller, which are electrically connected. The bottom of the mounting plate is connected to the pressure sensor, and the controller has an alarm threshold. When the pressure sensor reaches the alarm threshold, the controller controls the audible and visual alarm to sound.

[0015] More preferably, the alarm device further includes a digital display screen, which is electrically connected to the pressure sensor; the alarm threshold includes several staged alarm thresholds, with the initial alarm threshold being 30% of the supporting force of the supporting structure on the surrounding rock tunnel, and the final alarm threshold being 60% of the supporting force of the supporting structure on the surrounding rock tunnel.

[0016] Preferably, the bottom of the column is connected to the telescopic device, which drives the column to move in the vertical direction. The telescopic device is installed on the bottom support assembly through a threaded connection.

[0017] More preferably, the telescopic device is a hydraulic cylinder; the bottom support assembly includes two opposing support seats, with a central rod connecting the two support seats, and the bottom of the hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to the central rod; the extension direction of the central rod is perpendicular to the plane of the support frame.

[0018] In a further preferred embodiment, a central cylinder is fitted around the center rod, and a frustum is provided at the top of the central cylinder. The hydraulic cylinder is installed inside the frustum via a threaded connection. A connecting rod is also provided directly below the center rod, with both ends fixedly connected to the support base. A connecting sleeve is fitted around the center of the connecting rod, and the top surface of the connecting sleeve is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the central cylinder.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows:

[0020] (1) Since the support frame is attached to the tunnel and provides stable support to the tunnel through fixed columns, the stability of the tunnel is improved. When the tunnel collapses, the pressure on the support frame increases significantly. The pressure of the mounting plate on the alarm device will reach the alarm threshold set by the controller, and the alarm device will sound an alarm to remind the construction personnel. Therefore, the alarm device is triggered directly by the change in pressure. The tunnel sinking will inevitably increase the pressure significantly, thus triggering the alarm device. It can promptly and effectively remind the construction personnel. The alarm is highly sensitive, which solves the problem in the background technology that requires frequent manual observation of the support structure to determine whether a collapse has occurred. It also avoids the problem in the background technology that the sound-emitting device relies on the change in gas pressure in the chute and its own sensitivity, and the sound-emitting device is prone to failure, posing a safety hazard.

[0021] (2) Since the telescopic device drives the movable rod to move in the vertical direction, the movable rod supports the support frame in the vertical direction. The movable rod itself will not be subjected to oblique force, and has strong stability and good support performance. This solves the problem in the background technology that the obliquely arranged driven rod has weak stability and poor support performance. The connection points at both ends are also prone to breakage due to oblique force, which will damage the overall support structure and pose a safety hazard.

[0022] (3) Since the alarm device in this utility model is a sound and light alarm device, the sound and light alarm device will emit two alarm signals at the same time when it is triggered, and the alarm sound is sharp. Therefore, it has a good reminder effect on construction personnel and can achieve the reminder purpose. Furthermore, by setting multiple stage alarm thresholds, it can provide early warning for different states of the surrounding rock tunnel when there is a tendency to collapse, better reminding construction personnel to prepare for response and improving construction safety.

[0023] (4) The telescopic device uses a hydraulic cylinder, which can be adjusted to meet the position at various heights in the tunnel by adjusting the extension length of the hydraulic cylinder piston rod. It is widely adaptable and can also adjust the support force accordingly.

[0024] (5) By setting a connecting rod below the center rod and fixing it to it, the connection stability between the two support seats is further enhanced, and the fixed connection between the center cylinder of the hydraulic cylinder and the connecting sleeve also ensures the support strength and support stability of the center cylinder, the most basic support point in the support structure.

[0025] (6) Both ends of the hydraulic cylinder are detachably fixed by threaded connection, so that the support mechanism is detachably connected, which facilitates the transportation work when changing construction sites. Attached Figure Description

[0026] This utility model will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0027] Figure 1 This is a top-view three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 This is a bottom-view three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 This is the front view of the present utility model;

[0030] Figure 4 This utility model Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure at point A in the diagram;

[0031] Figure 5 This utility model Figure 2 The structural diagram at point B in the diagram.

[0032] Reference numerals: Support frame 1, Support plate 11, Support rod 12, Socket 13, Mounting plate 2, Column 21, Adjusting plate 3, Slide rod 31, Threaded rod 32, Threaded sleeve 33, Audible and visual alarm 4, Pressure sensor 41, Digital display screen 42, Hydraulic cylinder 5, Piston rod 51, Support base 6, Center rod 61, Connecting hole 62, Center cylinder 63, Frustum base 64, Connecting rod 65, Round hole 66, Connecting sleeve 67. Detailed Implementation

[0033] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this utility model clearer, the present utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present utility model and are not intended to limit the present utility model.

[0034] Example 1: As Figures 1 to 5The diagram illustrates a support structure for a large deformation section of a tunnel in weak surrounding rock. It includes a support frame 1 that supports the tunnel and abuts against the inner side of the tunnel. A horizontally arranged mounting plate 2 is fixed to the bottom of the support frame 1. A column 21 is welded and fixed to the bottom of the mounting plate 2, and the column 21 is vertically fixed to the center of the bottom of the mounting plate 2. An alarm device is also connected below the mounting plate 2. The alarm device has a pressure threshold. When the tunnel collapses and the support frame 1 experiences excessive pressure, the pressure exerted by the mounting plate 2 on the alarm device will significantly increase. When the pressure on the alarm device reaches the set pressure threshold, the alarm device will sound an alarm.

[0035] Under normal tunnel conditions, the support frame 1 rests against the tunnel and provides stable support to the tunnel through the fixed columns 21, improving the tunnel's stability. When the tunnel shows signs of collapse, the pressure on the support frame 1 increases significantly, and the pressure on the alarm device from the mounting plate 2 will reach the set alarm threshold, triggering the alarm to alert construction personnel. Therefore, the alarm device is triggered directly by changes in pressure, and tunnel subsidence will inevitably increase the pressure, thus triggering the alarm device. This provides timely and effective alerts to construction personnel, and the alarm has high sensitivity. This solves the problem in the prior art where frequent manual observation of the support structure is required to determine whether a collapse has occurred. It also avoids the problem in the prior art where the alarm sounder relies on changes in gas pressure within the chute and its own sensitivity, and the sounder is prone to malfunction, posing a safety hazard.

[0036] Example 2: Based on Example 1, the support frame 1 is optimized. The support frame 1 includes a fan-shaped support plate 11. The support plate 11 is fixedly connected to the mounting plate 2 by several evenly arranged support rods 12. One end of all support rods 12 is fixed together and welded to the mounting plate 2, and the other end is fixed to the bottom surface of the support plate 11. The tunnel is supported by the support plate 11, and the fan-shaped structure of the support plate 11 can better match the shape of the tunnel bottom, resulting in better support. The multiple support rods 12 connecting the support plate 11 and the mounting plate 2 ensure the stability of the support plate 11 in supporting the tunnel. Several sockets 13 are fixed to the bottom wall of the support plate 11. The top of the support rod 12 is inserted into the corresponding socket 13, and the support rod 12 can be fitted with the socket 13 with zero clearance to ensure the connection stability.

[0037] Example 3: Based on Example 1, a preferred design is made, such as... Figure 4As shown, the alarm device is installed on the adjusting plate 3, which is located below and parallel to the mounting plate 2. The mounting plate 2 is horizontally arranged, and its end is fitted onto the vertically arranged sliding rod 31, allowing it to move up and down on the sliding rod 31. The sliding rod 31 then passes down through one end of the adjusting plate 3, thus connecting the mounting plate 2 and the adjusting plate 3 in series via the sliding rod 31. When the mounting plate 2 moves down along the sliding rod 31, it comes into contact with the alarm device, triggering the alarm.

[0038] Furthermore, the end of the adjusting plate 3 away from the slide rod 31 is also provided with a threaded rod 32. The threaded rod 32 vertically passes through the other end of the adjusting plate 3 and is fixedly connected to the slide rod 31. The threaded rod 32 can be an L-shaped rod, and its horizontal section is directly welded to the slide rod 31. The bottom surface of the adjusting plate 3 is also connected to the threaded sleeve 33 sleeved on the threaded rod 32. The threaded sleeve 33 is connected to the threaded rod 32 to fix the adjusting plate 3 on the threaded rod 32, and the cooperation connection with the slide rod 31 maintains the stable connection between the adjusting plate 3 and the mounting plate 2. Moreover, by adjusting the position of the threaded sleeve 33 on the threaded rod 32, the alarm device and the mounting plate 2 can be in a state of contact without interaction force.

[0039] Furthermore, two sets of alarm devices and two sets of adjustment plates 3 are symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the mounting plate 2, respectively. That is, adjustment plates 3 are installed on the left and right sides of the mounting plate 2, and alarm devices are installed on the adjustment plates 3. By setting two sets of alarm devices, the sensitivity of the alarm device is further enhanced. The alarm device includes a pressure sensor 41, an audible and visual alarm 4, and a controller, which are electrically connected. The bottom of the mounting plate 2 is connected to the pressure sensor 41. The controller has an alarm threshold. The pressure sensor 41 transmits the pressure it receives to the controller in real time. The controller compares the received pressure value with the set alarm threshold. When the received pressure value reaches the alarm threshold, the controller controls the audible and visual alarm 4 to sound an alarm.

[0040] In the actual support process of surrounding rock tunnels, the support structure is set according to the depth, geological conditions and engineering conditions of different locations of the tunnel to support the surrounding rock tunnel. Under normal circumstances, the surrounding rock tunnel will change due to vibration or other external forces, and thus the pressure of the tunnel on the support structure will also change. As a result, the pressure of the mounting plate 2 on the pressure sensor 41 will also change. Under normal circumstances, the pressure change range is small. However, when the surrounding rock tunnel collapses, the pressure of the surrounding rock tunnel on the support structure increases significantly. The pressure change value is much greater than the pressure change value of the surrounding rock tunnel on the support structure under normal circumstances. Therefore, an appropriate alarm threshold can be set in the controller. In actual use, the position of the adjusting plate 3 is adjusted so that it is in contact with the pressure sensor 41. At this time, the pressure sensor 41 is zeroed. When the pressure value received by the controller reaches the alarm threshold, the audible and visual alarm 4 is activated.

[0041] Example 4: Based on Example 3, a preferred design is made. The alarm device also includes a digital display screen 42, which is electrically connected to the pressure sensor 41. The digital display screen 42 can display the pressure borne by the pressure sensor 41 in real time. By adjusting the position of the adjustment plate 3, it is brought into contact with the pressure sensor 41. At this time, the data displayed on the digital display screen 42 is 0. Therefore, in the initial state, the adjustment plate 3 and the pressure sensor 41 are in contact without interaction force. At this time, it can more accurately reflect the pressure change borne by the pressure sensor 41.

[0042] Since the pressure on the supporting structure gradually increases when a tunnel collapses, multiple alarm thresholds can be set. The initial alarm threshold is 30% of the supporting force of the tunnel, indicating that the tunnel is still in a downward trend and has not yet collapsed, but construction workers should be reminded to prepare for protection. The final alarm threshold is 60% of the supporting force of the tunnel. When the final alarm threshold is triggered, it means that the tunnel is already collapsing due to falling rocks, which is a very dangerous situation. Depending on the actual construction conditions, one or two intermediate alarm thresholds can be evenly set between the initial and final alarm thresholds. When different alarm thresholds are reached, the controller will control different alarm sounds and light colors in the audible and visual alarm 4. The sound alarm in the audible and visual alarm 4 can also use voice broadcast warning.

[0043] Example 5: Based on Example 1, a preferred design is made. The bottom of the movable rod 22 is connected to the telescopic device, which is installed on the bottom support assembly. The output end of the telescopic device can extend vertically and drive the movable rod 22 to move vertically. The telescopic device uses a hydraulic cylinder 5. The output end of the piston rod 51 of the hydraulic cylinder 5 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the movable rod 22 by a threaded connection. This connection method can ensure connection stability and facilitate installation and disassembly. The piston rod 51 drives the movable rod 22 to move vertically upward. During use, the extension height of the piston rod 51 of the hydraulic cylinder 5 can be controlled according to the height of the position to be supported in the tunnel, so that the support plate 11 abuts against the position to be supported in the tunnel. The support force can also be adjusted. Therefore, this utility model can abut against positions at various heights in the tunnel, has wide applicability, and can also adjust the support force.

[0044] The bottom support assembly includes two opposing support seats 6, with a central rod 61 connecting the two support seats 6. The central rod 61 is horizontally arranged and its two ends are respectively inserted into the connection holes 62 on the support seats 6. The bottom of the hydraulic cylinder 5 is fixedly connected to the central rod 61. The bottom support assembly facilitates the fixing of the hydraulic cylinder 5 and ensures the stability of the overall connection.

[0045] Furthermore, the central rod 61 extends perpendicularly to the plane containing the support frame 1. This arrangement makes the forces on the two support seats 6 more balanced, thus better maintaining support stability and balance.

[0046] Further optimization of the bottom support assembly design: a central cylinder 63 is fitted in the middle of the central rod 61, and the central cylinder 63 can be fixedly connected to the central rod 61. A frustum 64 is provided on the top of the central cylinder 63, and the hydraulic cylinder 5 is installed in the frustum 64 by means of threaded connection. This connection method can ensure connection stability and facilitate installation and disassembly. A connecting rod 65 is also provided directly below the central rod 61, with both ends fixedly connected to the support base 6. The two ends of the connecting rod 65 are respectively inserted into the round holes 66 on the support base 6. A connecting sleeve 67 is also fitted in the middle of the connecting rod 65, and the connecting sleeve 67 can be fixedly connected to the connecting rod 65. The top surface of the connecting sleeve 67 is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the central cylinder 63.

[0047] By setting a connecting rod 65 below the center rod 61 and fixing it thereto, the connection stability between the two support seats 6 is further enhanced. The fixed connection between the center cylinder 63 of the hydraulic cylinder 5 and the connecting sleeve 67 also ensures the support strength and support stability of the center cylinder 63, the most basic support point in the support structure. The upper and lower ends of the hydraulic cylinder 5 are detachably fixedly connected by threaded connection, so that the support mechanism can be connected in a detachable manner, which facilitates the transportation work when changing the construction site.

[0048] When using this support structure, after determining the support location within the tunnel, the hydraulic cylinder is activated. The output end of the hydraulic cylinder piston rod extends vertically upward, driving the movable rod upward until the support plate abuts against the support location in the tunnel, thus achieving the purpose of the fan-shaped support plate supporting the tunnel.

[0049] Next, rotate the threaded sleeve fitted on the threaded rod to raise the adjusting plate along the slide rod and the threaded rod. When the adjusting plate is in contact with the pressure sensor, stop rotating the threaded sleeve and then zero the pressure sensor. Alternatively, the threaded sleeve can be adjusted so that the adjusting plate is in zero-gap contact with the pressure sensor, and there is no interaction force between the two. In this case, the digital display shows zero. Both of these operating methods can trigger an audible and visual alarm when the pressure sensor reaches the alarm threshold set in the controller.

[0050] The above embodiments merely illustrate specific implementation methods of this application, and their descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the technical solution of this application, and these all fall within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A support structure for a large deformation section of a tunnel in weak surrounding rock, comprising a support frame (1) for supporting the tunnel, characterized in that: It also includes an installation plate (2) and a column (21) fixed from top to bottom below the support frame (1). The installation plate (2) is fixedly connected to the support frame (1). An alarm device is also connected below the installation plate (2). When the tunnel collapses, the pressure of the installation plate (2) on the alarm device increases, and the alarm device sounds.

2. The support structure for the large deformation section of a tunnel in weak surrounding rock according to claim 1, characterized in that: The support frame (1) includes a fan-shaped support plate (11). The support plate (11) and the mounting plate (2) are fixedly connected by several evenly arranged support rods (12). Several sockets (13) are fixed on the bottom wall of the support plate (11). The top of the support rod (12) is inserted into the corresponding socket (13).

3. The support structure for the large deformation section of a tunnel in weak surrounding rock according to claim 1, characterized in that: The alarm device is installed on the adjustment plate (3), which is located below the mounting plate (2) and parallel to the mounting plate (2), and is connected in series with the mounting plate (2) through a vertically arranged slide rod (31).

4. The support structure for the large deformation section of a tunnel in weak surrounding rock according to claim 3, characterized in that: The end of the adjusting plate (3) away from the slide rod (31) is also provided with a threaded rod (32). The threaded rod (32) passes vertically downward through the adjusting plate (3) and is fixedly connected to the slide rod (31). The bottom surface of the adjusting plate (3) is also connected to the threaded sleeve (33) sleeved on the threaded rod (32).

5. A support structure for a large deformation section of a tunnel in weak surrounding rock according to claim 4, characterized in that: The alarm device and the adjustment plate (3) are each provided in two sets, which are symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the mounting plate (2).

6. A support structure for a large deformation section of a tunnel in weak surrounding rock according to claim 1 or claim 5, characterized in that: The alarm device includes a pressure sensor (41), an audible and visual alarm (4), and a controller, which are electrically connected. The bottom of the mounting plate (2) is connected to the pressure sensor (41). The controller has an alarm threshold. When the pressure sensor (41) reaches the alarm threshold, the controller controls the audible and visual alarm (4) to sound an alarm.

7. A support structure for a large deformation section of a tunnel in weak surrounding rock according to claim 6, characterized in that: The alarm device also includes a digital display screen (42), which is electrically connected to the pressure sensor (41); the alarm threshold includes several staged alarm thresholds, with the initial alarm threshold being 30% of the supporting force of the supporting structure on the surrounding rock tunnel and the final alarm threshold being 60% of the supporting force of the supporting structure on the surrounding rock tunnel.

8. The support structure for the large deformation section of a tunnel in weak surrounding rock according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the column (21) is connected to the telescopic device, which drives the column (21) to move in the vertical direction. The telescopic device is installed on the bottom support assembly through a threaded connection.

9. A support structure for a large deformation section of a tunnel in weak surrounding rock according to claim 8, characterized in that: The telescopic device is a hydraulic cylinder (5); the bottom support assembly includes two opposing support seats (6), and a central rod (61) connecting the two support seats (6) is provided between them. The bottom of the hydraulic cylinder (5) is fixedly connected to the central rod (61); the extension direction of the central rod (61) is perpendicular to the plane where the support frame (1) is located.

10. A support structure for a large deformation section of a tunnel in weak surrounding rock according to claim 9, characterized in that: A central cylinder (63) is fitted in the middle of the central rod (61), and a frustum (64) is provided on the top of the central cylinder (63). The hydraulic cylinder (5) is installed in the frustum (64) by a threaded connection. A connecting rod (65) is also provided directly below the central rod (61) with both ends fixedly connected to the support base (6). A connecting sleeve (67) is fitted and fixed in the middle of the connecting rod (65), and the top surface of the connecting sleeve (67) is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the central cylinder (63).

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