Tunnel anti-freezing heat preservation device and tunnel structure

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of anti-freezing and heat preservation of tunnels in cold regions, in particular to a tunnel anti-freezing and heat-preservation device and a tunnel structure.The tunnel anti-freezing and heat-preservation device comprises a heating assembly and a tunnel entrance shed; the heating assembly is arranged in the tunnel; the tunnel entrance shed is arranged at a tunnel entrance and comprises a haunch and a vault, and the vault is arranged on the haunch; the haunch comprises a plurality of planar photovoltaic panels which are sequentially arranged along a first arc-shaped curve, the vault comprises a plurality of planar transparent panels which are sequentially arranged along a second arc-shaped curve, light rays can be transmitted into the tunnel entrance shed from the planar transparent panels, and the planar transparent panels reflect the light rays in the tunnel entrance shed back into the tunnel entrance shed. In the invention, the plane photovoltaic panel is adopted to replace a cambered surface photovoltaic panel with relatively high manufacturing cost to form an arch waist with an approximate arc-shaped curved surface, so that the material cost is remarkably reduced. A curved surface transparent plate is replaced by a plane transparent plate to form an arch crown with an approximate arc-shaped curved surface, so that the material cost is also reduced.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of anti-freezing and heat preservation of tunnels in cold regions, in particular to a tunnel anti-freezing and heat preservation device and a tunnel structure. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the continuous development of green energy technology, photovoltaic power generation is increasingly widely used in the field of construction. As a common building structure, the design of the tunnel entrance shed not only needs to consider basic functions such as shading and rain protection, but also needs to take into account aesthetics and functionality. In recent years, integrating photovoltaic panels into the design of the tunnel entrance shed has become a trend. This design not only utilizes solar power generation, but also provides lighting, anti-freezing heating and other auxiliary functions for the tunnel. However, in order to achieve better lighting effects and aesthetics, many tunnel entrance sheds use curved designs, which usually require the use of curved photovoltaic panels and curved glass. The production process of curved photovoltaic panels is complex and requires special manufacturing equipment and processes, resulting in a much higher cost than ordinary flat photovoltaic panels. At the same time, the manufacture of curved glass also requires higher technical requirements and more complex processing procedures, further increasing the cost of materials. These factors make the cost of curved photovoltaic panels and curved glass relatively high, significantly increasing the overall cost of the tunnel entrance shed. CONTENT OF THE UTILITY MODEL

[0003] The purpose of the present application is to provide a tunnel anti-freezing and heat preservation device and a tunnel structure, which is low in cost and low in maintenance cost.

[0004] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, in a first aspect, the utility model provides a tunnel anti-freezing and heat preservation device, comprising:

[0005] A heating assembly is arranged in the tunnel for heating the inside of the tunnel.

[0006] A tunnel entrance shed is arranged at the tunnel entrance and extends outward from the tunnel entrance. The tunnel entrance shed comprises a haunch and a vault. The vault is arranged on the haunch.

[0007] The haunch comprises a plurality of flat photovoltaic panels arranged in sequence along a first arc-shaped curve. The vault comprises a plurality of flat transparent panels arranged in sequence along a second arc-shaped curve. The flat photovoltaic panels supply electric energy to the heating assembly. Light can be transmitted from the flat transparent panels into the tunnel entrance shed. The flat transparent panels reflect the light in the tunnel entrance shed back into the tunnel entrance shed.

[0008] In an optional embodiment, the tunnel entrance shed comprises a base support and an arch-shaped support. The base support is fixedly arranged. The arch-shaped support is arranged on the base support. The arch-shaped support is configured as an arc-shaped frame body for supporting the flat photovoltaic panels and the flat transparent panels.

[0009] In an optional embodiment, the arched support comprises a channel steel arranged along the extension direction of the tunnel entrance shed and an arc-shaped section steel arranged along a direction perpendicular to the extension direction of the tunnel entrance shed, and the channel steel and the arc-shaped section steel are fixedly connected.

[0010] In an optional embodiment, the foundation support is a reinforced concrete structure.

[0011] In an optional embodiment, the heating assembly comprises a tunnel lining heating module and a drainage ditch heating module.

[0012] In an optional embodiment, the tunnel lining heating module comprises a first heating cable.

[0013] In an optional embodiment, the drainage ditch heating module comprises a second heating cable.

[0014] In an optional embodiment, the heating assembly further comprises an energy storage module, and the energy storage module is electrically connected to the planar photovoltaic panel, the tunnel lining heating module and the drainage ditch heating module.

[0015] In an optional embodiment, the length L of the tunnel entrance shed and the length M of the heating assembly are in a ratio of 1:1, 6:7 or 4:5.

[0016] The L is the axial length of the tunnel entrance shed extending from the tunnel entrance to the outside of the tunnel, and the M is the axial length of the heating assembly extending from the tunnel entrance into the tunnel.

[0017] In a second aspect, the utility model provides a tunnel structure which comprises the tunnel anti-freezing and heat preserving device according to any one of the preceding embodiments.

[0018] In the present application, the planar photovoltaic panel is used to replace the arc photovoltaic panel with high cost to form the hance with an arc surface, which significantly reduces the material cost. The planar transparent panel is used to replace the curved transparent panel to form the vault with an arc surface, which also reduces the material cost. The planar photovoltaic panel and the planar transparent panel are relatively simple to maintain, which reduces the maintenance cost. The arc structure of the hance and the vault reduces the dust adhesion and reduces the cleaning and maintenance cost.

[0019] Sunlight can penetrate the tunnel entrance canopy through the flat transparent panels, increasing the temperature inside and reducing the entry of cold air from the outside, thus providing some insulation for the tunnel structure. The flat transparent panels also reflect sunlight back into the tunnel entrance canopy, allowing more of the sun's heat to remain inside, further enhancing the insulation effect. By improving the tunnel structure's frost resistance, the occurrence of structural defects is reduced, extending the tunnel's service life and minimizing resource waste and environmental impact caused by defects.

[0020] Other features and advantages of this application will be described in detail in the following detailed description section. Attached Figure Description

[0021] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of this application and should not be regarded as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0022] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure from one perspective of one embodiment of a tunnel antifreeze and heat preservation device provided in this application;

[0023] Figure 2 A two-view structural schematic diagram of one embodiment of a tunnel antifreeze and heat preservation device provided in this application;

[0024] Figure 3 A three-view structural schematic diagram of a partial structure of one embodiment of a tunnel antifreeze and heat preservation device provided in this application;

[0025] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of one embodiment of a tunnel structure provided in this application;

[0026] Figure 5 for Figure 1 A magnified view of a section at point A in the middle;

[0027] Figure 6 for Figure 1 A magnified view of a section at point B in the middle;

[0028] Figure 7 This is a four-view structural schematic diagram of one embodiment of a tunnel structure provided in this application.

[0029] icon:

[0030] 100 - Heating component; 110 - First heating cable; 120 - Second heating cable; 130 - Energy storage module;

[0031] 200 - tunnel entrance shed

[0032] 210 - spandrel; 212 - flat photovoltaic panel

[0033] 220 - vault; 222 - flat transparent panel

[0034] 230 - foundation support; 240 - arch support; 242 - curved steel; 244 - channel steel

[0035] 250 - rubber strip

[0036] 700 - tunnel outside subgrade; 710 - drainage ditch; 720 - lining; 730 - surrounding rock; 740 - thermal insulation layer DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical scheme of the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below in combination with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present application, not all the embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present application described and shown in the drawings can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0038] In the description of the present application, it should be noted that the positions or location relationships indicated by the terms "inner", "outer" and the like are based on the positions or location relationships shown in the drawings, or the positions or location relationships of the products of the present application when they are usually placed, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and therefore cannot be understood as indicating or implying that the devices or elements must have a particular position, be constructed and operated in a particular position, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present application. In addition, the terms "first", "second" and the like are only used for differentiation in description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0039] In the description of the present application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set", "connected" should be understood broadly, for example, can be fixedly connected, can be detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; can be the communication inside two elements. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0040] The embodiments of the present application provide a tunnel anti-freezing and heat preservation device and a tunnel structure, the tunnel anti-freezing and heat preservation device can be applied to the tunnel structure to heat and preserve the tunnel structure, improve the anti-freezing capacity of the tunnel structure located in a cold region, and reduce the occurrence of diseases of the tunnel structure. In addition, compared with the prior art, the tunnel anti-freezing and heat preservation device has lower cost, lower maintenance cost, is more suitable for popularization and application, and produces more social benefits.

[0041] In a first aspect, the embodiments of the present application provide a tunnel anti-freezing and heat preservation device, comprising a heating assembly 100 and a tunnel entrance shed 200.

[0042] As shown in the drawings, the heating assembly 100 is arranged in the tunnel for heating the inside of the tunnel. Figure 4

[0043] As shown in the drawings, the tunnel entrance shed 200 is arranged at the tunnel entrance and extends outwardly from the tunnel entrance, the tunnel entrance shed 200 comprises a haunch 210 and a vault 220, and the vault 220 is arranged on the haunch 210. Figure 1 Exemplarily, the haunch 210 can be directly fixedly arranged on the ground. However, in another embodiment, the haunch 210 is fixedly arranged on a foundation support 230, and the foundation support 230 supports the haunch 210 so that the haunch 210 can be away from the ground.

[0044] As shown in the drawings, the haunch 210 comprises a plurality of planar photovoltaic panels 212 arranged in sequence along a first arc-shaped curve; exemplarily, compared with a curved surface photovoltaic panel, an end surface of the planar photovoltaic panel 212 is a plane.

[0045] Figure 6 Exemplarily, two planar photovoltaic panels 212 are arranged; in another embodiment, three planar photovoltaic panels 212 are arranged, of course, the planar photovoltaic panel 212 can also be arranged in other quantities, for example, four, five or six, etc.

[0046] Exemplarily, as shown in the drawings, adjacent planar photovoltaic panels 212 are filled through a rubber strip 250, so that the adjacent planar photovoltaic panels 212 are directly sealed and fixed.

[0047] Exemplarily, as shown in the drawings, adjacent planar photovoltaic panels 212 are filled through a rubber strip 250, so that the adjacent planar photovoltaic panels 212 are directly sealed and fixed. Figure 6 As shown in the drawings, a plurality of planar photovoltaic panels 212 are arranged in sequence along a first arc-shaped curve to form a haunch 210 with an approximately arc-shaped curved surface, compared with directly using an arc surface photovoltaic panel with higher cost, the planar photovoltaic panel 212 of the present application has lower cost, lower maintenance cost, is more suitable for popularization and application, and produces more social benefits.

[0048] Figure 1 Figure 6

[0049] ​​​​​Exemplarily, the planar photovoltaic panel 212 is electrically connected to the heating assembly 100, and the planar photovoltaic panel 212 supplies electric energy to the heating assembly 100.

[0050] As shown in the drawings, the arch top 220 comprises a plurality of planar transparent panels 222 arranged in sequence along a second arc curve. Light can be transmitted from the planar transparent panels 222 into the tunnel entrance shed 200. Figure 5

[0051] Exemplarily, compared with the arc-shaped transparent panel with a curved end surface, the planar transparent panel 222 in the present application has a planar end surface.

[0052] Exemplarily, two planar transparent panels 222 are provided; in another embodiment, three planar transparent panels 222 are provided; of course, in other embodiments, other numbers of planar transparent panels 222 can also be provided, such as four, five, or six, etc.

[0053] As shown in the drawings, the plurality of planar transparent panels 222 are arranged in sequence along a first arc curve to form the arch top 220 with an approximately arc-shaped curved surface. Compared with directly using a high-cost curved transparent panel, the planar transparent panel 222 is adopted in the present application, which is lower in cost, lower in maintenance cost, more suitable for popularization and application, and more in social benefits. Figure 1 Figure 5 The first arc curve and the second arc curve are located on the same plane, and the plane where the first arc curve and the second arc curve are located is perpendicular to the extension direction of the tunnel entrance shed 200.

[0054] Exemplarily, the planar transparent panel 222 is made of transparent material, which includes but is not limited to glass, resin, transparent plastic, etc.

[0055] Exemplarily, sunlight can be transmitted from the planar transparent panel 222 into the tunnel entrance shed 200 to increase the temperature in the tunnel entrance shed 200, thereby reducing the entry of cold air from the outside into the tunnel through the tunnel entrance shed 200, and having a certain heat preservation effect on the tunnel structure.

[0056] The planar transparent panel 222 reflects the light in the tunnel entrance shed 200 back into the tunnel entrance shed 200. The planar transparent panel 222 provided can make the heat of sunlight stay in the tunnel entrance shed 200 more, thereby further improving the heat preservation effect on the tunnel structure.

[0057] The arch waist 210 and the arch top 220 are arranged in an arc structure, which can reduce dust adhesion and reduce cleaning and maintenance costs. Moreover, the arch top 220 is arranged on the arch waist 210, which facilitates cleaning of the planar photovoltaic panel 212, improves the maintenance efficiency, and ensures the power generation efficiency of the planar photovoltaic panel 212.

[0058] The arch waist 210 and the arch top 220 are arranged in an arc structure, which can reduce dust adhesion and reduce cleaning and maintenance costs. Moreover, the arch top 220 is arranged on the arch waist 210, which facilitates cleaning of the planar photovoltaic panel 212, improves the maintenance efficiency, and ensures the power generation efficiency of the planar photovoltaic panel 212. ​​

[0059] To support the haunch 210 and the vault 220 away from the ground, reduce the corrosion of the haunch 210 and the vault 220, as shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3 In one embodiment, the tunnel entrance shed 200 includes a foundation support 230 and an arc-shaped support 240, the foundation support 230 is fixedly arranged, for example, the foundation support 230 is fixedly arranged on the ground or other fixed foundation, for example, the tunnel outside subgrade 700.

[0060] The arc-shaped support 240 is arranged on the foundation support 230, and the arc-shaped support 240 is configured to support the arc-shaped frame of the planar photovoltaic panel 212 and the planar transparent panel 222, so that the arc-shaped support can support the planar photovoltaic panel 212 and the planar transparent panel 222.

[0061] In this application, by arranging the foundation support 230 and the arc-shaped support 240, the haunch 210 and the vault 220 are arranged away from the ground, avoiding the direct corrosion of the haunch 210 and the vault 220 by ground moisture, water accumulation and the like, thereby reducing the corrosion risk and prolonging the service life of the tunnel entrance shed 200.

[0062] The arc-shaped support 240 as the arc-shaped frame supporting the planar photovoltaic panel 212 and the planar transparent panel 222 provides a stable support structure, ensuring the overall stability of the tunnel entrance shed 200.

[0063] The arc-shaped support 240 as the arc-shaped frame can effectively support the planar photovoltaic panel 212 and the planar transparent panel 222, ensuring that the heating and insulation functions of the tunnel entrance shed 200 can be effectively realized.

[0064] As shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3 In one embodiment, the arc-shaped support 240 includes a channel steel 244 arranged along the extension direction of the tunnel entrance shed 200 and an arc-shaped section steel 242 arranged along the direction perpendicular to the extension direction of the tunnel entrance shed 200.

[0065] It can be understood that the extension direction of the channel steel 244 is the extension direction of the tunnel entrance shed 200. The arc-shaped structure of the arc-shaped section steel 242 matches the first arc-shaped curve and the second arc-shaped curve.

[0066] For example, the channel steel 244 and the arc-shaped section steel 242 are fixedly connected by welding, clamping, threaded connection or riveting; the arc-shaped section steel 242 is fixedly installed on the foundation support 230, and the channel steel 244 is fixedly arranged on the arc-shaped section steel 242. The groove in the channel steel 244 can be used to arrange the wiring of the planar photovoltaic panel 212.

[0067] For example, the channel steel 244 is arranged at equal intervals around the circumference of the arc-shaped section steel 242.

[0068] For example, multiple arc-shaped steel sections 242 are provided at equal intervals along the extension direction of the channel steel 244.

[0069] To achieve heating and antifreeze of the tunnel lining 720 and drainage ditch 710, in one embodiment, the heating assembly 100 includes a tunnel lining heating module and a drainage ditch heating module.

[0070] For example, a tunnel lining heating module is disposed on the side wall of the tunnel lining 720. The tunnel lining heating module is used to heat the tunnel lining 720 and the structure adjacent to the tunnel lining 720.

[0071] For example, the tunnel lining heating module and the drainage ditch heating module are electromagnetic heaters. The planar photovoltaic panel 212 is capable of providing electrical energy for the heating of the electromagnetic heaters.

[0072] In another embodiment, the tunnel lining heating module and the drainage ditch heating module are infrared heaters. The planar photovoltaic panel 212 can provide electrical energy for the heating of the infrared heaters.

[0073] In another embodiment, the tunnel lining heating module and the drainage ditch heating module are fuel heaters, etc. The planar photovoltaic panel 212 can provide electrical energy for the start-stop control of the fuel heater, etc.

[0074] For example, the drainage ditch heating module is used to heat the tunnel structure at the drainage ditch inside the tunnel.

[0075] like Figure 7 As shown, in one embodiment, the tunnel lining heating module includes a first heating cable 110. A planar photovoltaic panel 212 is electrically connected to the first heating cable 110, and the planar photovoltaic panel 212 provides electrical energy for the heating of the first heating cable 110.

[0076] like Figure 4 or Figure 7 As shown, in one embodiment, the drainage ditch heating module includes a second heating cable 120. A planar photovoltaic panel 212 is electrically connected to the second heating cable 120, and the planar photovoltaic panel 212 provides electrical energy for the heating of the second heating cable 120.

[0077] like Figure 2 and Figure 4 As shown, in one embodiment, the heating assembly 100 further includes an energy storage module 130, which is electrically connected to the planar photovoltaic panel 212, the tunnel lining heating module, and the drainage ditch heating module. The energy storage module 130 is capable of storing electrical energy.

[0078] The energy storage module 130 is used to store the electric energy of the flat photovoltaic panel 212; the flat photovoltaic panel 212 provides electric energy for the first heating cable 110 and the second heating cable 120, and the energy storage module 130 can also provide electric energy for the first heating cable 110 and the second heating cable 120.

[0079] Exemplarily, the energy storage module 130 is arranged on the sidewall of the tunnel. In another embodiment, the energy storage module is arranged in the tunnel lining 720. In another embodiment, the energy storage module 130 is arranged in the path inside the tunnel.

[0080] The energy storage module 130 is configured by arranging a plurality of energy storage stacks, which are energy storage units arranged in a specified direction.

[0081] The energy storage unit is, for example, a secondary battery such as a nickel-hydrogen battery or a lithium-ion battery. The energy storage unit can use a liquid electrolyte or a solid electrolyte. In addition, the energy storage unit can be a unit capacitor configured to be capable of storing electricity.

[0082] As shown in Figure 2 In one embodiment, L is the axial length of the tunnel entrance shed 200 extending from the tunnel entrance to the outside of the tunnel, and M is the axial length of the heating assembly 100 extending from the tunnel entrance to the tunnel.

[0083] The ratio of the length L of the tunnel entrance shed 200 to the length M of the heating assembly 100 is 1:1, 6:7 or 4:5. In the implementation process, the application examples of the length L of the tunnel entrance shed 200 to the length M of the heating assembly 100 are shown in the following table:

[0084]

[0085] In the above table, T is the average temperature of the tunnel structure in the cold region in the coldest month after using the tunnel anti-freezing and heat preservation device of the present application. When measuring the average temperature T of the tunnel structure, the density of the temperature measurement points arranged on the tunnel lining 720 is one every five square meters; the density of the temperature measurement points arranged in the length direction of the tunnel drainage ditch 710 is one every three meters.

[0086] In a second aspect, the embodiments of the present application provide a tunnel structure comprising the tunnel anti-freezing and heat preservation device of the above-mentioned embodiments.

[0087] The tunnel structure further comprises a drainage ditch 710, a lining 720, a surrounding rock 730 and an insulation layer 740, etc.

[0088] As shown in Figure 7 The surrounding rock 730, the lining 720 and the insulation layer 740 are sequentially distributed along the radial direction of the tunnel.

[0089] Exemplarily, asFigure 4 As shown, the first heating cable 110 is arranged between the lining 720 and the surrounding rock 730. In another embodiment, the first heating cable 110 is arranged between the lining 720 and the surrounding rock 730, and between the lining 720 and the thermal insulation layer 740. Figure 7 As shown, the first heating cable 110 is arranged between the lining 720 and the surrounding rock 730. In another embodiment, the first heating cable 110 is arranged between the lining 720 and the surrounding rock 730, and between the lining 720 and the thermal insulation layer 740.

[0090] Exemplarily, the drainage ditch 710 in the tunnel structure is, for example, a subgrade drainage ditch as shown in FIG. 2A, a deep-buried central drainage ditch as shown in FIG. 2B, or the like. Figure 7 As shown, the first heating cable 110 is arranged between the lining 720 and the surrounding rock 730. In another embodiment, the first heating cable 110 is arranged between the lining 720 and the surrounding rock 730, and between the lining 720 and the thermal insulation layer 740. Figure 4 As shown, the first heating cable 110 is arranged between the lining 720 and the surrounding rock 730. In another embodiment, the first heating cable 110 is arranged between the lining 720 and the surrounding rock 730, and between the lining 720 and the thermal insulation layer 740.

[0091] The tunnel entrance shed 200 is arranged at the tunnel portal and extends outwardly from the tunnel.

[0092] It should be noted that the features in the embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other without conflict.

[0093] The above only describes the preferred embodiments of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Those skilled in the art can make various modifications and changes to the present application. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. within the spirit and principles of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A tunnel anti-freezing and heat-keeping device, characterized in that, The application relates to a tunnel anti-freezing and heat-preserving device. The tunnel anti-freezing and heat-preserving device comprises a heating assembly (100) arranged in a tunnel for internal heating of the tunnel; a tunnel entrance shed (200) arranged at a tunnel entrance and extending outwards of the tunnel entrance, the tunnel entrance shed (200) comprising a haunch (210) and a vault (220), the vault (220) being arranged on the haunch (210); the haunch (210) comprising a plurality of flat photovoltaic panels (212) arranged in sequence along a first arc-shaped curve, the vault (220) comprising a plurality of flat transparent panels (222) arranged in sequence along a second arc-shaped curve, the flat photovoltaic panels (212) supplying electric energy to the heating assembly (100), light being capable of being transmitted from the flat transparent panels (222) into the tunnel entrance shed (200), the flat transparent panels (222) reflecting the light in the tunnel entrance shed (200) back into the tunnel entrance shed (200). The tunnel entrance shed (200) comprises a base support (230) and an arc-shaped support (240), the base support (230) being fixedly arranged, the arc-shaped support (240) being arranged on the base support (230), the arc-shaped support (240) being configured to support the arc-shaped frame bodies of the flat photovoltaic panels (212) and the flat transparent panels (222). The arc-shaped support (240) comprises a channel steel (244) arranged along an extension direction of the tunnel entrance shed (200) and an arc-shaped profile steel (242) arranged along a direction perpendicular to the extension direction of the tunnel entrance shed (200), the channel steel (244) and the arc-shaped profile steel (242) being fixedly connected.

2. The tunnel frost protection and warming device according to claim 1, characterized in that The base support (230) is a reinforced concrete structure.

3. The tunnel frost protection and heating device according to claim 2, characterized in that The heating assembly (100) comprises a tunnel lining heating module and a drainage ditch heating module.

4. The tunnel frost protection and warming apparatus of claim 2, wherein, The tunnel lining heating module comprises a first heating cable (110).

5. The tunnel freeze protection and heating apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The drainage ditch heating module comprises a second heating cable (120).

6. The tunnel frost protection and warming device according to claim 5, characterized in that The heating assembly (100) further comprises an energy storage module (130) electrically connected to the flat photovoltaic panels (212), the tunnel lining heating module and the drainage ditch heating module.

7. The tunnel frost protection and warming apparatus of claim 5, wherein, The length L of the tunnel entrance shed (200) and the length M of the heating assembly (100) are in a ratio of 1:1, 6:7 or 4:

5.

8. The tunnel frost protection and warming apparatus of claim 5, wherein, The L is an axial length of the tunnel entrance shed (200) extending outwards of the tunnel entrance, and the M is an axial length of the heating assembly (100) extending into the tunnel from the tunnel entrance.

9. The tunnel freeze protection and heating apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The application further relates to a tunnel anti-freezing and heat-preserving device comprising any one of the tunnel anti-freezing and heat-preserving devices according to claims 1 to 9. ​ 10. A tunnel structure, characterized by ​

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