Non-contact ID recognition device based on linear Hall and magnet or electromagnet

Abstract

The utility model provides a non-contact ID identification device based on a linear Hall and a magnet or an electromagnet, and the device comprises a detection circuit which employs a linear Hall IC as a sensor, and is used for sensing the magnetic field intensity, the magnetic field direction or the magnetic field change, and outputting a corresponding voltage signal or a pulse signal; the magnetic ID module is a magnet ID module or an electromagnet ID module; the signal processing unit is used for collecting the voltage signal or the pulse signal output by the linear Hall IC and identifying the corresponding magnet ID according to the grade of the preset voltage signal; and decoding the pulse signal to identify the electromagnet ID. The utility model provides a low-cost, low-power-consumption and non-contact ID identification technology, which not only simplifies the circuit design and installation process, but also greatly reduces the hardware cost and energy consumption, and improves the reliability and adaptability of the system at the same time; therefore, the technology has remarkable advantages and wide application prospects in various application scenes such as access control, article identity and article tracking.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of electronic engineering technology, specifically to a non-contact ID identification device based on linear Hall effect and magnets or electromagnets. Background Technology

[0002] ID (identity number) identification technology is an important means of identifying and distinguishing different individuals or objects. Currently, the main contactless ID identification technologies include Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) and Near Field Communication (NFC).

[0003] 1. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Technology:

[0004] Application scenarios: Widely used in fields such as automatic vehicle identification, highway toll collection, access control, cargo tracking and monitoring, and people flow management.

[0005] System components: mainly include electronic tags, readers, and computer networks.

[0006] Advantages: High efficiency, high degree of automation, suitable for large-scale applications.

[0007] Disadvantages: High cost, privacy and security issues.

[0008] 2. NFC (Near Field Communication) technology:

[0009] Application scenarios: Suitable for scenarios requiring identity verification and simple data exchange, such as access control, payment systems, passports, e-tickets, employee badges, etc.

[0010] Working principle: Short-range high-frequency wireless communication technology allows devices to exchange data within a range of a few centimeters.

[0011] Advantages: Convenient and quick, suitable for close-range interaction.

[0012] Disadvantages: Limited applicability, mainly used for short-range communication.

[0013] Inadequacy of existing technology

[0014] Although the above technologies perform well in their respective application areas, they still have some shortcomings:

[0015] 1. Cost issues:

[0016] RFID systems consist of electronic tags, readers, and computer networks. The hardware costs are high, especially when deployed on a large scale, the overall cost increases significantly.

[0017] NFC technology: Although the cost of a single tag is low, it requires specialized reading and writing equipment and complex software support, making the overall implementation cost not low.

[0018] 2. Privacy and security issues:

[0019] RFID systems: Due to their widespread use, especially in logistics and supply chain management, there is a risk of them being read illegally, which may lead to privacy breaches.

[0020] NFC technology: Although it is relatively secure, it is still at risk of being forged or tampered with in some cases.

[0021] 3. Complexity of peripheral circuits:

[0022] RFID systems require multiple components to work together, which increases the complexity and maintenance difficulty of the system.

[0023] NFC technology: Although the peripheral circuitry is relatively simple, it still requires a lot of supporting equipment and technology integration to achieve complex functions.

[0024] 4. Power consumption issue:

[0025] RFID systems: Some applications require continuous power, resulting in high energy consumption, especially in battery-powered mobile devices.

[0026] NFC technology: Although it usually only requires a short period of power in practical use, power management issues still need to be considered in some situations.

[0027] Therefore, existing technologies have shortcomings and need further improvement and supplementation. Utility Model Content

[0028] To address the problems existing in the prior art, this utility model provides a non-contact ID identification device based on linear Hall effect and magnets or electromagnets.

[0029] To achieve the above objectives, the specific solution of this utility model is as follows:

[0030] This utility model provides a non-contact ID identification device based on linear Hall effect and magnets or electromagnets, comprising:

[0031] The detection circuit uses a linear Hall IC as a sensor to sense the magnetic field strength, direction, or change in magnetic field, and outputs a corresponding voltage signal or pulse signal.

[0032] Magnetic ID module, which can be a magnet ID module or an electromagnet ID module;

[0033] The magnet ID module consists of at least one magnet, with the following magnet specifications:

[0034] Different magnetic energy products (kJ / m³), volume, magnetic pole direction, or spacing distance from the linear Hall IC can generate different magnetic field strengths or directions, thus forming a unique ID.

[0035] The electromagnet ID module consists of an electromagnet and a driving circuit. The driving circuit is configured to send a coded pulse signal to the electromagnet, causing the electromagnet to generate a changing magnetic field corresponding to the code.

[0036] The signal processing unit includes an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and a microcontroller (MCU).

[0037] The analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is connected to the detection circuit and is used to acquire the voltage signal or pulse signal output by the linear Hall IC, which is then converted to an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and transmitted to the microcontroller. The microcontroller is used for...

[0038] The corresponding magnet ID is identified based on the preset voltage signal level;

[0039] The pulse signal is decoded to identify the electromagnet ID.

[0040] Furthermore, the detection circuit includes a linear Hall effect IC, capacitor C1, and capacitor C2;

[0041] One end of capacitor C1 is connected to the power supply terminal (VDD) of the linear Hall IC, and the other end is grounded. One end of capacitor C2 is connected to the output terminal (OUT) of the linear Hall IC, and the other end is grounded. The output terminal (OUT) of the linear Hall IC is connected to the analog-to-digital converter (ADC).

[0042] Furthermore, the capacitors C1 and C2 are 100 nanofarads and 1 nanofarad, respectively.

[0043] Furthermore, the electromagnet ID module includes: resistor R1, transistor Q1, diode D1, and electromagnet E1;

[0044] The drive pulse signal is input to resistor R1. The other end of resistor R1 is connected to the base of transistor Q1. The emitter of transistor Q1 is grounded. The collector of transistor Q1 is connected to the positive terminal of diode D1 and one end of electromagnet E1. The other end of electromagnet E1 is connected to the negative terminal of diode D1. The negative terminal of diode D1 is connected to the power supply terminal (VDD).

[0045] Furthermore, the linear Hall IC is a voltage output type sensor, whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the magnetic field strength, and it can detect the N and S pole directions of the magnetic field.

[0046] Furthermore, the pulse signal generated by the driving circuit of the electromagnet ID module includes a unique code, which is differentiated by the frequency, pulse width or timing of magnetic field changes.

[0047] Furthermore, the microcontroller (MCU) of the signal processing unit is further configured as follows:

[0048] The voltage signal is graded and thresholded, and different voltage ranges are mapped to corresponding magnet IDs;

[0049] Perform time-domain or frequency-domain analysis on the pulse signal to extract the encoded information to match the electromagnet ID.

[0050] Furthermore, the electromagnet ID module is in a power-off mode when not in the recognition state, and is only activated by the drive circuit during recognition.

[0051] Furthermore, the linear Hall IC has a wide operating temperature range, low quiescent current, and outputs a rail-to-rail ratio analog signal, and supports N-pole and S-pole magnetic field detection.

[0052] Furthermore, the electromagnet ID module is used to convert the ID code into a binary pulse sequence to drive the electromagnet E1;

[0053] Linear Hall effect ICs capture changes in magnetic fields and reconstruct pulse sequences, which are then verified and decoded by a microcontroller (MCU).

[0054] The technical solution of this utility model has the following beneficial effects:

[0055] 1. Low cost

[0056] Simplified circuit design: The entire detection circuit requires only one linear Hall IC and one MCU with ADC, reducing the number of external components and thus lowering hardware costs.

[0057] Materials are readily available: When using magnets as IDs, materials are readily available, installation is simple, and no complex electronic components are required.

[0058] 2. Low power consumption

[0059] Energy-saving design: The detection circuit operates with very low current, making it particularly suitable for applications with stringent power consumption requirements. For example, when using an electromagnet as an ID, the electromagnet only needs to be driven during identification and does not require power during normal operation, achieving ultra-low power consumption.

[0060] 3. Non-contact identification

[0061] Reduced wear and tear: Because it is a non-contact identification method, it avoids the wear and tear problems caused by physical contact, thus extending the service life of the device.

[0062] Improved reliability: The use of mechanical parts is reduced, which improves the stability and reliability of the system.

[0063] 4. High flexibility and diversity

[0064] Multiple ID generation methods:

[0065] Magnet ID: A series of unique IDs are generated by combining magnets of different specifications, sizes, and orientations with different spacing.

[0066] Electromagnet ID: The electromagnet is driven by a coded pulse signal. Different codes correspond to different IDs, which can be flexibly adjusted as needed.

[0067] High adaptability: This technology is applicable to various application scenarios, such as access control, item identification, and item tracking, and has wide applicability.

[0068] 5. Simple adjustment and maintenance

[0069] Easy to adjust: New IDs can be easily generated by changing the specifications, size, orientation, or spacing of the magnets, or by modifying the pulse code of the electromagnet, making operation simple.

[0070] Easy to maintain: Due to its simple structure and the fact that it does not require frequent replacement or maintenance of complex components, the cost and difficulty of long-term operation are reduced.

[0071] 6. High stability

[0072] Wide operating temperature range: The linear Hall IC has a wide operating temperature range, enabling it to operate normally in harsh environments and ensuring the stability and reliability of the system.

[0073] Strong anti-interference capability: The output voltage level or pulse signal of the linear Hall IC is processed by the filter capacitor, which can effectively filter out noise and ensure the purity and accuracy of the signal.

[0074] 7. No authentication required

[0075] Simplified safety certification process: This technology eliminates the need for FCC, CE, and SRRC certifications, simplifying the pre-market safety certification process and saving time and money.

[0076] 8. Efficient data acquisition and decoding

[0077] Rapid identification: The voltage or pulse signal output by the linear Hall IC is converted into a digital signal by the ADC, which is then quickly judged or decoded by the MCU, realizing an efficient ID identification process.

[0078] Precise identification: By accurately measuring the magnetic field strength and its changes, the uniqueness of each ID and the accuracy of identification are ensured. Attached Figure Description

[0079] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the detection and identification principle of this utility model;

[0080] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the application of the six IDs of this utility model when the magnet and the linear Hall effect are spaced at the same interval.

[0081] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the application of the six IDs when the magnet and the linear Hall effect are not spaced differently according to this utility model;

[0082] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the application of this utility model: a coded pulse signal drives an electromagnet to generate and identify an ID. Detailed Implementation

[0083] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention and not intended to limit it. Furthermore, it should be noted that, for ease of description, the accompanying drawings show only the parts relevant to the present invention, not the entire structure.

[0084] In the description of this utility model, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connected," "linked," and "fixed" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model based on the specific circumstances.

[0085] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can include direct contact between the first and second features, or contact between the first and second features through another feature between them. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature includes the first feature directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature includes the first feature directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0086] In the description of this embodiment, the terms "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," and "right," etc., refer to the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for ease of description and simplification of operation, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for distinction in description and have no special meaning.

[0087] Combination Figures 1-4 As shown, this utility model provides a non-contact ID identification device based on linear Hall effect and magnets or electromagnets, comprising:

[0088] The detection circuit uses a linear Hall IC as a sensor to sense the magnetic field strength, direction, or change in magnetic field, and outputs a corresponding voltage signal or pulse signal.

[0089] Magnetic ID module, which can be a magnet ID module or an electromagnet ID module;

[0090] The magnet ID module consists of at least one magnet, with the following magnet specifications:

[0091] Different magnetic energy products (kJ / m³), volume, magnetic pole direction, or spacing distance from the linear Hall IC can generate different magnetic field strengths or directions, thus forming a unique ID.

[0092] The electromagnet ID module consists of an electromagnet and a driving circuit. The driving circuit is configured to send a coded pulse signal to the electromagnet, causing the electromagnet to generate a changing magnetic field corresponding to the code.

[0093] The signal processing unit includes an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and a microcontroller (MCU).

[0094] The analog-to-digital converter is connected to the detection circuit and is used to acquire the voltage signal or pulse signal output by the linear Hall IC and transmit it to the microcontroller. The microcontroller is used for...

[0095] The corresponding magnet ID is identified based on the preset voltage signal level;

[0096] The pulse signal is decoded to identify the electromagnet ID.

[0097] The detection circuit includes a linear Hall effect IC, capacitor C1, and capacitor C2;

[0098] One end of capacitor C1 is connected to the power supply terminal (VDD) of the linear Hall IC, and the other end is grounded. One end of capacitor C2 is connected to the output terminal (OUT) of the linear Hall IC, and the other end is grounded. The output terminal (OUT) of the linear Hall IC is connected to the analog-to-digital converter (ADC).

[0099] The capacitors C1 and C2 are 100 nanofarads and 1 nanofarad, respectively.

[0100] The electromagnet ID module includes: resistor R1, transistor Q1, diode D1, and electromagnet E1;

[0101] The drive pulse signal is input to resistor R1. The other end of resistor R1 is connected to the base of transistor Q1. The emitter of transistor Q1 is grounded. The collector of transistor Q1 is connected to the positive terminal of diode D1 and one end of electromagnet E1. The other end of electromagnet E1 is connected to the negative terminal of diode D1. The negative terminal of diode D1 is connected to the power supply terminal (VDD).

[0102] The linear Hall IC is a voltage output type sensor. Its output voltage is linearly proportional to the magnetic field strength, and it can detect the N and S pole directions of the magnetic field.

[0103] The pulse signal generated by the drive circuit of the electromagnet ID module includes a unique code, which is differentiated by the frequency, pulse width or timing of magnetic field changes.

[0104] The microcontroller (MCU) of the signal processing unit is further configured as follows:

[0105] The voltage signal is graded and thresholded, and different voltage ranges are mapped to corresponding magnet IDs;

[0106] Perform time-domain or frequency-domain analysis on the pulse signal to extract the encoded information to match the electromagnet ID.

[0107] The electromagnet ID module is in a power-off mode when not in recognition mode, and is only activated by the drive circuit during recognition.

[0108] The linear Hall IC operates in a temperature range of -40°C to 125°C, has a static current of less than 1mA, outputs a rail-to-rail ratio analog signal, and supports N-pole and S-pole magnetic field detection.

[0109] The electromagnet ID module is used to convert the ID code into a binary pulse sequence to drive the electromagnet E1.

[0110] Linear Hall effect ICs capture changes in magnetic fields and reconstruct pulse sequences, which are then verified and decoded by a microcontroller (MCU).

[0111] Example 1:

[0112] Figure 1 The diagram shown illustrates the detection and identification principle of this invention. The principle mainly includes a linear Hall effect IC, an MCU with an ADC, and a filter capacitor. The linear Hall effect IC senses the magnetic field strength and direction and converts it into a voltage signal output. The MCU's ADC acquires the voltage signal output by the linear Hall effect IC, converts it into a digital signal, and identifies the corresponding ID through comparison. The filter capacitor is used to filter out noise and stabilize the voltage.

[0113] Figure 2The diagram shown is an application schematic of this utility model with 6 IDs at the same interval distance. Using 3 magnets of different sizes and 2 installation directions, 6 IDs are obtained at the same interval distance. ID1, ID2, ID3, ID4, ID5, and ID6 correspond to the output voltage levels of 1 / 8Vdd, 1 / 4Vdd, 3 / 8Vdd, 5 / 8Vdd, 3 / 4Vdd, and 7 / 8Vdd, respectively.

[0114] Figure 3 The diagram shown is an application schematic of the six IDs when the magnets of the same specifications are the same. Using magnets of the same volume and specifications in two installation directions, six IDs are obtained with different interval distances. ID1, ID2, ID3, ID4, ID5, and ID6 correspond to output voltage levels of 1 / 8Vdd, 1 / 4Vdd, 3 / 8Vdd, 5 / 8Vdd, 3 / 4Vdd, and 7 / 8Vdd, respectively.

[0115] Figure 4 The diagram shown is an application schematic of this utility model, which uses an coded pulse signal to drive an electromagnet to generate and identify an ID. When an ID needs to be identified, the coded pulse signal drives the electromagnet to generate a changing magnetic field, which induction outputs a corresponding changing pulse signal at the linear Hall terminal. The ID is identified by acquiring the signal through an ADC and decoding it by an MCU.

[0116] The principle of this utility model is as follows:

[0117] 1. Magnetic field strength and direction detection:

[0118] The linear Hall effect utilizes the fact that the magnitude of the Hall potential is proportional to the magnetic field strength. By measuring the Hall potential, changes in the magnetic field strength can be detected.

[0119] 2. Sensor Applications:

[0120] A linear Hall IC is used as a sensor to convert the magnetic field strength and direction into a voltage signal or a coded pulse signal.

[0121] Magnets as ID methods

[0122] 1. Magnets of different specifications, sizes, and orientations:

[0123] Using magnets of different specifications, sizes, and orientations, different magnetic field strengths are generated at the same interval. These differences in magnetic field strength are detected by a linear Hall effect IC and converted into different voltage levels.

[0124] 2. Magnets with different spacing:

[0125] Even using magnets of the same specifications, different magnetic field strengths can be generated by changing the spacing between them, thus forming different IDs.

[0126] 3. Output voltage level identification:

[0127] The linear Hall effect IC outputs a corresponding voltage level based on the detected magnetic field strength. By comparing the output voltage levels, the MCU (microcontroller unit) can identify the corresponding ID.

[0128] Electromagnets as ID methods

[0129] 1. Driven by encoded pulse signals:

[0130] Encoded pulse signals are used to drive electromagnets, causing them to generate changing magnetic fields. Different codes correspond to different IDs.

[0131] 2. Pulse signal recognition:

[0132] A changing magnetic field acts on a linear Hall IC, generating a corresponding pulse signal. These pulse signals are acquired by an ADC (analog-to-digital converter) and then decoded by an MCU to identify the ID.

[0133] Workflow

[0134] 1. Magnetic field generation:

[0135] A specific magnetic field is generated using a magnet or an electromagnet driven by a coded pulse signal.

[0136] 2. Magnetic field detection and signal conversion:

[0137] Linear Hall ICs detect magnetic field strength and its changes, and convert them into voltage or pulse signals.

[0138] 3. Signal Processing and ID Recognition:

[0139] The analog signal is converted into a digital signal by the ADC. The MCU compares the voltage level or decodes the pulse signal according to the preset standard, and finally identifies the corresponding ID.

[0140] Features and advantages

[0141] Non-contact: The entire process requires no physical contact, reducing wear and maintenance costs.

[0142] Low cost: It only requires a linear Hall IC and an MCU with an ADC. The peripheral circuit is simple and the cost is low.

[0143] Low power consumption: It only needs to be powered during identification and does not require power supply at other times, making it particularly suitable for applications with strict power consumption requirements.

[0144] High reliability: Stable design, wide temperature range, and can operate normally in harsh environments.

[0145] This technical solution provides an efficient and economical contactless ID identification method, suitable for various application scenarios such as access control, item identification, and item tracking.

[0146] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and does not limit the patent scope of the present utility model. All equivalent structural transformations made under the inventive concept of the present utility model using the contents of the present utility model specification and drawings, or direct / indirect applications in other related technical fields, are included within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A non-contact ID identification device based on linear Hall effect and magnets or electromagnets, characterized in that, include: The detection circuit uses a linear Hall IC as a sensor to sense the magnetic field strength, direction, or change in magnetic field, and outputs a corresponding voltage signal or pulse signal. Magnetic ID module, which can be a magnet ID module or an electromagnet ID module; The magnet ID module consists of at least one magnet. The magnets have different specifications, sizes, magnetic pole directions, or spacing distances from the linear Hall IC to generate differentiated magnetic field strengths or directions, thereby forming a unique ID. The electromagnet ID module consists of an electromagnet and a driving circuit. The driving circuit is configured to send a coded pulse signal to the electromagnet, causing the electromagnet to generate a changing magnetic field corresponding to the code. The signal processing unit includes an analog-to-digital converter and a microcontroller; The analog-to-digital converter is connected to the detection circuit and is used to acquire the voltage signal or pulse signal output by the linear Hall IC and transmit it to the microcontroller. The microcontroller is used for... The corresponding magnet ID is identified based on the preset voltage signal level; The pulse signal is decoded to identify the electromagnet ID.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The detection circuit includes a linear Hall effect IC, capacitor C1, and capacitor C2; One end of capacitor C1 is connected to the power supply terminal of the linear Hall IC, and the other end is grounded. One end of capacitor C2 is connected to the output terminal of the linear Hall IC, and the other end is grounded. The output terminal of the linear Hall IC is connected to the analog-to-digital converter.

3. The apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that, The capacitors C1 and C2 are 100 nanofarads and 1 nanofarad, respectively.

4. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electromagnet ID module includes: resistor R1, transistor Q1, diode D1, and electromagnet E1; The drive pulse signal is input to resistor R1. The other end of resistor R1 is connected to the base of transistor Q1. The emitter of transistor Q1 is grounded. The collector of transistor Q1 is connected to the positive terminal of diode D1 and one end of electromagnet E1. The other end of electromagnet E1 is connected to the negative terminal of diode D1. The negative terminal of diode D1 is connected to the power supply terminal.

5. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The linear Hall IC is a voltage output type sensor. Its output voltage is linearly proportional to the magnetic field strength, and it can detect the N and S pole directions of the magnetic field.

6. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pulse signal generated by the drive circuit of the electromagnet ID module includes a unique code, which is differentiated by the frequency, pulse width or timing of magnetic field changes.

7. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The microcontroller of the signal processing unit is further configured as follows: The voltage signal is graded and thresholded, and different voltage ranges are mapped to corresponding magnet IDs; Pulse width or frequency analysis is performed on the pulse signal to extract the encoded information for matching the electromagnet ID.

8. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electromagnet ID module is in a power-off mode when not in recognition mode, and is only activated by the drive circuit during recognition.

9. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The linear Hall IC has a wide operating temperature range, low quiescent current, and outputs a rail-to-rail ratio analog signal, and supports N-pole and S-pole magnetic field detection.

10. The apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that, The electromagnet ID module is used to convert the ID code into a binary pulse sequence to drive the electromagnet E1. Linear Hall effect ICs capture changes in magnetic fields and reconstruct pulse sequences, which are then verified and decoded by a microcontroller.

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