Battery low-temperature starting assembly based on ice cube tray structure and coated with phase change material
By combining conductive phase change materials and capacitor modules in an ice-grid structure, the problems of uneven heating and phase change material leakage in lithium-ion batteries at low temperatures are solved, enabling rapid and uniform heating and efficient low-temperature start-up of the battery.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202521866066.9
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-09-01
- Publication Date
- 2026-02-13
- Estimated Expiration
- 2035-09-01
AI Technical Summary
Lithium-ion batteries suffer severe performance degradation at low temperatures. Traditional heating methods are slow, uneven, and energy-intensive. Phase change materials are prone to leakage and uneven dispersion, affecting the low-temperature start-up and lifespan of new energy vehicles.
The system employs an ice-making grid structure to encapsulate conductive phase change materials, combined with a capacitor module for high-current discharge. It utilizes shape memory materials to wrap the battery, achieving rapid and uniform heating through the phase change of the conductive phase change materials, and prevents leakage through a sealed diaphragm and thermally conductive silicone design.
It enables rapid and uniform heating of the battery with smooth temperature changes, improves the battery's start-up performance and reliability in low-temperature environments, enhances heat conduction efficiency, and prevents leakage of phase change materials.
Smart Images
Figure CN223911716U_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The utility model relates to battery preheating technical field especially relates to a battery low temperature starting subassembly based on ice -making grid structure package phase change material. BACKGROUND
[0002] Under the promotion of global climate governance and the "double carbon" strategy (carbon peak, carbon neutralization), new energy vehicles, as an important direction of low-carbon transformation in the transportation field, have attracted widespread attention in their technical development. However, the performance degradation of lithium-ion batteries in low-temperature environments has seriously restricted the promotion and application of new energy vehicles in cold regions. In low-temperature environments, the viscosity of the electrolyte increases significantly, and the ion mobility decreases substantially, resulting in a sharp increase in battery internal resistance, reduced charging and discharging efficiency, and even the inability to start the vehicle normally. In addition, low temperature can exacerbate battery polarization and shorten battery life, further limiting the application scenarios of new energy vehicles.
[0003] Currently, to improve the low-temperature performance of batteries, traditional technologies mainly rely on external heating methods (such as resistance wire heating, PTC heating, etc.) or phase change materials (PCM) for heat storage. However, these methods have the following limitations:
[0004] 1. The heating speed of traditional resistance heating or PTC heating is slow, the heating curve fluctuates greatly, and it is difficult to achieve stable and uniform heating effect, and continuous power supply is required, resulting in high energy consumption.
[0005] 2. Traditional phase change materials (such as paraffin) have the problems of easy leakage and uneven distribution during phase change.
[0006] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a battery low-temperature starting subassembly based on ice -making grid structure package phase change material to solve the above technical problems. INVENTION CONTENTS
[0007] In view of the above situation, in order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the utility model provides a battery low-temperature starting subassembly based on ice -making grid structure package phase change material, which can realize fast preheating of the battery and smooth temperature change curve.
[0008] To achieve the above purpose, the utility model adopts the following technical solutions:
[0009] The battery low-temperature starting assembly based on the ice cube tray structure wrapped phase change material comprises a capacitor module and a shell, the inner wall of the shell is uniformly distributed with a plurality of independent chambers along the axial direction, the independent chambers are ice cube trays, vertical and horizontal partition bars for separating the chambers are arranged between the ice cube trays, the bottom and the sidewall of the ice cube tray are provided with a conductive layer, two terminal posts are arranged in the shell and embedded in the ice cube tray through the horizontal partition bar, and the positive and negative electrodes of the capacitor module are electrically connected with the two terminal posts respectively; the conductive phase change material is filled in the ice cube tray; after being filled, a diaphragm for sealing the ice cube tray is arranged at the opening of each ice cube tray; the shell filled with the phase change material is sleeved outside the cylindrical lithium ion battery monomer, and heat-conducting silica gel is filled between the shell and the battery.
[0010] Preferably, the shell is made of polycaprolactone-based shape memory material by 3D printing, and the initial shape is a cylinder.
[0011] Preferably, there is a gap on the outer side of the shell in the cylindrical shape along the axial direction, and the shell can be unfolded into a planar shape along the gap under the condition of heating at 80 DEG C; and the shell can automatically restore to the cylindrical shape again when being heated to 80 DEG C after cooling, and is used for wrapping the cylindrical battery monomer.
[0012] Preferably, the bottom and the sidewall of the ice cube tray are formed with the conductive layer by plasma magnetron sputtering silver spraying, and the thickness is 5 mu m.
[0013] Preferably, the terminal post is made of copper and is gold-plated on the surface and fixed with the shell.
[0014] Preferably, the conductive phase change material is composed of 60%-80% of paraffin, 5%-20% of polycaprolactone and 15%-20% of carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes, and the phase change temperature is 50-70 DEG C.
[0015] Preferably, the polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer is smeared at the opening of the ice cube tray and is solidified into the diaphragm, and the thickness is 0.2 mm.
[0016] Preferably, the diaphragm is attached to the edge of the ice cube tray through hot pressing, the edge width is 1 mm, and the conductive phase change material is limitedly packaged.
[0017] Preferably, the conductive phase change material filled in the ice cube tray is 0.2 mm lower than the height of the vertical and horizontal partition bars.
[0018] Preferably, a 0.5 mm gap is reserved between the shell and the battery, and the heat-conducting silica gel is filled in the gap.
[0019] Compared with the prior art, the battery low-temperature starting assembly based on the ice cube tray structure wrapped phase change material has the following beneficial effects:
[0020] (1) The conductive phase change material is packaged by using an ice cube tray structure, and combined with capacitor module large current discharge, so that the phase change material can be heated to 50 DEG C or above in a short time, the battery is quickly preheated, and the battery low temperature starting assembly can be applied to the demand for rapid starting of a vehicle at low temperature.
[0021] (2) The phase change material changes phase and stores heat at 50-70 DEG C, and then slowly releases heat energy, so that the battery temperature smoothly rises to the working interval of 20-40 DEG C, the temperature change curve is smooth, and the fluctuation problem of the traditional resistance heating is reduced.
[0022] (3) The ice cube tray structure is combined with a sealing diaphragm to package the phase change material, leakage is effectively prevented in a high-temperature molten state, and the reliability of long-term use is improved; the traditional paraffin phase change material is prone to leakage and uneven dispersion in the phase change process, and on the basis of maintaining the original heat storage capacity, the ice cube tray structure improves the system stability and heating uniformity, and solves the problems of leakage and uneven dispersion of the phase change material in the phase change process.
[0023] (4) The shape memory material shell can be restored to a cylindrical shape after being expanded to fill the phase change material, tightly wrapping the battery, enhancing thermal contact and adapting to different sizes of batteries.
[0024] (5) The conductive phase change material has good conductivity, and the electric energy is directly converted into heat energy, the heating efficiency is high, and the temperature distribution is uniform, avoiding local overheating or uneven heating problems.
[0025] (6) The heat-conducting silica gel filling design between the shell and the battery enhances the heat conduction efficiency between the phase change material and the battery, and ensures that heat can be quickly and uniformly transferred to the battery.
[0026] (7) The sealing diaphragm design at the opening of the cavity realizes effective limited packaging of the phase change material, preventing leakage of the phase change material in the phase change process. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0027] Figure 1 A structure schematic view of a battery low temperature starting assembly based on the ice cube tray structure wrapped phase change material is provided for the utility model;
[0028] Figure 2 A structure schematic view of a shell is provided;
[0029] Figure 3 A front view cross-sectional structure schematic view of a shell is provided;
[0030] Figure 4 A top view cross-sectional structure schematic view of a shell is provided;
[0031] Figure 5 An assembly schematic view of a shell and a battery is provided;
[0032] Figure 6The utility model provides a working circuit diagram of battery low temperature starting assembly based on phase change material wrapped based on ice making grid structure.
[0033] Among them, the name corresponding to the sign is: 1, capacitor module;2, shell;21, ice making grid;22, binding post;23, slit;24, vertical partition;25, horizontal partition. Specific implementation
[0034] The utility model is further explained below combining with the drawings and examples, and the mode of the utility model includes but is not limited to the following examples.
[0035] As Figures 1-6 As shown, the utility model provides a battery low temperature starting assembly based on phase change material wrapped based on ice making grid structure, including capacitor module 1 and shell 2.Capacitor module 1 is LSUC 5.4V 1500F, and the size is 40mmx150mmx100mm, and the insulating support is fixed on the outside of the capacitor shell, and the distance from the axis of the capacitor shell is 15mm, and the support is connected with the capacitor shell through four screws.
[0036] The positive and negative poles of the capacitor are connected with the two binding posts 22 of the shell 2 through 0.5mm copper core polyvinyl chloride insulated wire, and the wire ends are connected using crimping terminals of model XH2.54.
[0037] The shell 2 is made of polycaprolactone-based shape memory material by 3D printing, and the initial shape is cylindrical (inner diameter 20mm, wall thickness 4mm, length 65mm), and the inner wall is uniformly distributed along the axial direction 25 independent chambers, that is, "ice making grid", each chamber is cuboid, and the size is 13.36mmx3mmx11mm, and there is vertical partition 24 and horizontal partition 25 between each ice making grid 21, and the vertical partition 24 is isosceles trapezoidal in cross section, and the upper and lower edge width is 2.64mm and 3.65mm respectively.
[0038] There is a slit 23 on the outside of the cylindrical shell 2 along the axial direction, and the width is 1.35mm, which can be unfolded into a plane under the condition of heating at 80 DEG C, and the unfolded plane size is 90mmx65mm, which is convenient for filling phase change material;When cooled again, it is automatically restored to cylindrical shape when heated to 80 DEG C, and the battery monomer is wrapped.
[0039] The ice making grid bottom and side wall are formed by plasma magnetron sputtering silver to form a conductive layer, and the thickness is 5um, and the shell 2 is provided with two binding posts 22, and the two binding posts 22 are embedded in the ice making grid 21 through the partition, and the binding post is copper, and the diameter is 2mm, and the height is 3mm, and the surface is gold plated, and fixed with the shell.
[0040] The conductive phase change material is filled into the 25 chambers at a melting state of 50-70°C, with a filling amount of 0.8 mL and a filling height of 3 mm, and a reserved space of 0.2 mm for preventing overflow, and is composed of 60%-80% paraffin, 5%-20% polycaprolactone, and 15%-20% carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes, with a phase change temperature of 50°C.
[0041] After filling, polyvinylidene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer is applied at the opening of each chamber with a thickness of 0.2 mm, and after curing, a sealed diaphragm is formed, the diaphragm is attached to the edge of the chamber through hot pressing, the edge width is 1 mm, the phase change material is confined and packaged to prevent leakage.
[0042] The shell 2 filled with the phase change material is restored to a cylindrical shape and is sleeved outside the 18650 lithium ion battery monomer, the battery has a diameter of 18 mm and a length of 65 mm, a 0.5 mm gap is reserved between the shell and the battery, and heat-conducting silicone is filled to enhance heat conduction.
[0043] The connection circuit: the wire and the contact point of the capacitor module 1 are tin soldered, with a solder diameter of 3 mm; the power supply switch is a patch type relay with a model of SRD-05VDC-SL-C, which is welded on the PCB of the capacitor module 1 for connection, and is packaged in a PP material insulation shell with a thickness of 1 mm, and four heat dissipation holes with a diameter of 2 mm are arranged on the surface of the shell.
[0044] Working principle: ①The capacitor module 1 is charged to a saturated state by using a direct current stabilized power supply, so that the voltage of the capacitor module 1 reaches about 5.4 V;
[0045] ②The electrical equipment (electric vehicle) is started below 0°C, the vehicle central control computer sends a start signal to the low-temperature starting system, controls the starting power supply side single-chip microcomputer to connect the capacitor module 1 and the conductive phase change material heating body (the switch is turned on, the capacitor module 1 forms a loop with the conductive layer inside the shell through the wire and the two connecting posts); Figure 6
[0046] ③The capacitor module 1 releases a stable current of 5 A to heat the phase change material, and the discharge characteristics are matched with the conductive phase change material, so that the phase change material is smoothly heated to above 50°C (the heating curve is smoother than that of a traditional coil), and heat is absorbed to occur phase change and store energy;
[0047] ④The high-temperature phase change material undergoes a reverse phase change process, and smoothly releases heat to the battery side in a low-temperature environment, so that the vehicle-mounted battery is stably heated to a working threshold temperature of 20-40°C, the temperature change curve is smooth, and fluctuations are avoided;
[0048] ⑤The monitoring system of the automobile synchronously monitors the working temperature and working state of the battery side. After the battery reaches the appropriate working power, the central control computer of the vehicle-mounted system sends a signal to stop the system running, so as to disconnect the capacitor module 1 and the shell 2 and stop heating.
[0049] The capacitor module 1 is integrated in the system and is specially used to provide the electric power required for heating the working medium of the conductive composite phase change material. The capacitor module 1 has the characteristics of excellent low-temperature performance, stable output voltage and the ability to provide sustained and stable large current, so that it can cooperate with the conductive phase change material to realize a smooth heating curve. At the same time, its rapid discharge capacity can support the energy demand of stable heating, avoiding the performance loss caused by direct power supply of the vehicle-mounted battery. This design has double advantages: on the one hand, it avoids the potential damage to the performance and service life of the vehicle-mounted battery caused by direct large current heating; on the other hand, the super capacitor can recover and charge using the surplus energy during vehicle driving, effectively store and reuse this part of energy, thereby significantly improving the energy utilization efficiency of the entire vehicle-mounted system.
Claims
1. A battery cold-cranking assembly based on encapsulating phase change material in an ice cube tray structure, characterized by, The application relates to a capacitor module (1) and a shell (2), wherein the inner wall of the shell (2) is uniformly provided with a plurality of independent chambers in the axial direction, the independent chambers are ice making cells (21), vertical partition strips (24) and horizontal partition strips (25) are arranged between the ice making cells (21) for separating the chambers, the bottom and the side wall of the ice making cell (21) are provided with a conductive layer, two connecting posts (22) are arranged in the shell (2), the two connecting posts (22) penetrate through the horizontal partition strips (25) and are embedded in the ice making cells (21), and the positive and negative electrodes of the capacitor module (1) are electrically connected with the two connecting posts (22) respectively. The ice making cell (21) is filled with a conductive phase change material; after being filled, a diaphragm is arranged at the opening of each ice making cell for sealing the ice making cell. The shell (2) filled with the phase change material is sleeved outside a cylindrical lithium ion battery monomer, and the shell (2) is filled with heat-conducting silica gel between the shell (2) and the battery. The shell (2) is made of polycaprolactone-based shape memory material through 3D printing, and the initial shape is a cylinder.
2. The battery cold-cranking assembly based on the ice cube tray structure wrapped phase change material according to claim 1, wherein, A gap (23) is arranged on the outer side of the shell (2) in the axial direction under the cylindrical shape, the shell (2) can be unfolded into a planar shape along the gap under the condition of heating at 80 DEG C, and the shell (2) can automatically restore to the cylindrical shape again after being cooled and heated to 80 DEG C, and is used for wrapping the cylindrical battery monomer.
3. The battery cold-cranking assembly based on the ice cube tray structure wrapped phase change material according to claim 1, wherein, The bottom and the side wall of the ice making cell are provided with a conductive layer formed by spraying silver through plasma magnetron sputtering, and the thickness of the conductive layer is 5 mu m.
4. The battery cold-cranking assembly of claim 1, wherein the ice bank structure is configured to be disposed in a battery compartment of a vehicle. The connecting post is made of copper and is gold-plated on the surface and is fixed with the shell (2).
5. The battery cold-cranking assembly of claim 1, wherein the ice bank structure is configured to be disposed in a battery compartment of a vehicle. The opening of the ice making cell (21) is coated with polyvinylidene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, and the diaphragm is formed after solidification, and the thickness of the diaphragm is 0.2 mm.
6. The battery cold-cranking assembly of claim 1, wherein the ice bank structure is configured to be disposed in a battery compartment of a vehicle. The diaphragm is attached to the edge of the ice making cell through hot pressing, the edge width is 1 mm, and the phase change material is limitedly packaged.
7. The battery cold-cranking assembly of claim 1, wherein the ice bank structure is formed by a plurality of ice bank structures. The height of the conductive phase change material filled in the ice making cell (21) is lower than the height of the vertical and horizontal partition strips by 0.2 mm.
8. The battery cold-cranking assembly of claim 1, wherein the ice bank structure is configured to be disposed in a battery compartment of a vehicle. A gap of 0.5 mm is reserved between the shell (2) and the battery, and the heat-conducting silica gel is filled in the gap.
9. The battery cold-cranking assembly of claim 1, wherein the ice bank structure is formed by a plurality of ice bank structures.