Fork type automatic feeding and discharging equipment

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of wheel set feeding and discharging, in particular to fork type automatic feeding and discharging equipment which comprises a supporting bottom plate, a two-way lead screw and a wheel set limiting block, a fork type elevator body is arranged at the top of the supporting bottom plate, and transverse square columns are arranged on the front side and the rear side of the fork type elevator body. Vertical square columns are fixedly connected to the left ends and the right ends of the two transverse square columns, two rails are fixedly connected to the tops of the two vertical square columns, industrial telescopic guide rails are slidably connected to the tops of the two rails, and first fixing blocks are fixedly connected to the right sides of the tops of the industrial telescopic guide rails; the driving motor controls the bidirectional lead screw to rotate forwards and backwards, the two limiting blocks are driven to synchronously move in the same direction or in the opposite direction in the axial direction through thread transmission, when the target wheel set size is achieved, the motor is immediately powered off and locked, the wheel set is embedded between the limiting blocks at the moment, and the wheel flange curved surface and the limiting arc groove form full-contact constraint; accurate positioning of the geometric contour of the wheel set is achieved, and self-adaptive adjustment is completed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of wheel set loading and unloading technology, and in particular to a fork-type automatic loading and unloading device. Background Technology

[0002] Subways are one of the most important modes of urban transportation, and their operational safety requirements are very high. According to maintenance procedures, subways need to undergo maintenance of varying scales at regular intervals. A subway wheelset consists of a wheelset axle and wheels symmetrically located at both ends of the axle. The function of the subway wheelset is to ensure the subway car's movement and steering on the rails.

[0003] Common forklift-type automatic loading and unloading equipment only includes the function of transporting wheelsets to designated locations. However, it lacks the adjustment function of the wheelset limiting structure, which cannot guarantee that the limiting structure can be adjusted according to different wheelet sizes. If the wheelet size is larger than the maximum containment size of the limiting structure, physical interference will occur, causing the wheelet to fail to fit into the positioning groove. Conversely, if the wheelet size is significantly smaller than the minimum constraint size of the limiting structure, a gap will be formed, causing the wheelet to undergo unexpected displacement due to inertia during transportation. This contradiction between the rigid limiting system and the requirements of flexible production directly leads to a decrease in wheelet positioning accuracy. The position needs to be repeatedly adjusted to complete the loading and unloading operation, which seriously restricts the efficiency and operational stability of wheelset transfer.

[0004] Therefore, in response to the aforementioned lack of adjustment function in the wheelset limiting structure, when the wheelset size exceeds the limit, jamming or displacement is likely to occur. When the wheelset size exceeds the upper limit of the limiting range, it cannot be embedded into the positioning groove due to interference. When it is below the lower limit, inertial displacement is caused by the gap. The contradiction between the rigid limiting structure and the needs of flexible production directly affects the positioning accuracy. Repeated calibration is required to complete the loading and unloading operations, which seriously weakens the efficiency and stability of wheelset transfer. Therefore, a forklift-type automatic loading and unloading device can be designed. Utility Model Content

[0005] To overcome the lack of adjustment function in the wheelset limiting structure, when the wheelset size exceeds the limit, jamming or displacement may occur. When the wheelset size exceeds the upper limit of the limiting range, it cannot be embedded into the positioning groove due to interference. When it is below the lower limit, inertial displacement is caused by the gap. The contradiction between the rigid limiting structure and the needs of flexible production directly affects the positioning accuracy. Repeated calibration is required to complete the loading and unloading operations, which seriously weakens the efficiency and stability of wheelset transfer.

[0006] The technical solution of this utility model is as follows: a forklift-type automatic loading and unloading device, including a supporting base plate, a bidirectional lead screw, and wheel set limit blocks. The top of the supporting base plate is provided with a forklift body. Horizontal square columns are provided on the front and rear sides of the forklift body. Vertical square columns are fixedly connected to the left and right ends of the two horizontal square columns. Two rails are fixedly connected to the top of the two vertical square columns. Industrial telescopic guide rails are slidably connected to the top of the two rails. A first fixing block is fixedly connected to the right side of the top of the industrial telescopic guide rail. A second fixing block is fixedly connected to the left side of the top of the industrial telescopic guide rail. A drive motor is fixedly connected to the left side of the second fixing block. The output end of the drive motor is connected to the bidirectional lead screw. The drive motor is used to drive the bidirectional lead screw to rotate. Two wheel set limit blocks are threaded around the bidirectional lead screw.

[0007] Preferably, the drive motor drives the bidirectional lead screw to rotate in either the forward or reverse direction. The rotation of the bidirectional lead screw, through a threaded transmission, pulls the two wheelset limiting blocks to produce linear displacements in opposite directions along the axis of the lead screw, thereby dynamically adjusting the clamping distance between the two wheelset limiting blocks. When the distance between the wheelset limiting blocks is detected to be adjusted to the target value that matches the current axial dimension of the wheelset, the power output of the drive motor is immediately cut off to stop its operation. At this time, when the wheelset is embedded between the two wheelset limiting blocks, its wheel rim surface forms a surface contact constraint with the limiting arc groove, ensuring that the geometric contour of the wheelset is precisely fitted with the limiting structure, thus completing the adaptive adjustment process of the wheelset limiting device.

[0008] Preferably, the right end of the bidirectional lead screw is rotatably connected to the first fixed block, and a limiting arc groove is provided on the top of the wheel set limiting block.

[0009] Preferably, support blocks are fixedly connected to the front and rear sides of the bottom of the vertical square column, and fixing holes are opened at the four corners of the support base plate.

[0010] Preferably, the top of the support base plate is rectangular and equipped with a lifting hook, and two mounting plates are fixedly connected to the right side of the top of the support base plate.

[0011] Preferably, a triangular block is fixedly connected to the left side of the mounting plate, and the bottom of the triangular block is fixedly connected to the top of the supporting base plate.

[0012] Preferably, a damper is fixedly connected to the right side of the mounting plate, and a rubber block is fixedly connected to the right end of the damper.

[0013] Preferably, a spring is fixedly connected to the right side of the mounting plate, and the end of the spring away from the mounting plate is fixedly connected to the rubber block.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this utility model are:

[0015] 1. The drive motor drives the bidirectional lead screw to rotate in the forward or reverse direction. The bidirectional lead screw pulls the two wheel set limit blocks to produce linear displacements in opposite directions along the lead screw axis through the threaded transmission relationship. This dynamically adjusts the clamping distance between the two wheel set limit blocks. The bidirectional lead screw threaded transmission mechanism ensures that the two limit blocks move synchronously and symmetrically, effectively eliminating the displacement deviation of the traditional single lead screw structure. Combined with real-time detection and motor power cut-off function, it can quickly respond to the axial dimension changes of different wheelsets and achieve adaptive clamping.

[0016] 2. The surface contact constraint between the limiting arc groove and the wheel flange surface significantly improves the contact area and load distribution uniformity through a fitting geometric matching, avoiding local stress concentration. This not only enhances the wheelset positioning stability but also reduces the risk of mechanical wear, resulting in a high degree of overall structural integration.

[0017] 3. The closed-loop control mode of motor drive and threaded transmission greatly reduces the intensity of manual intervention, improves work efficiency while ensuring limit accuracy, is suitable for rapid switching of multiple wheelsets, and has high reliability, high compatibility and strong anti-interference ability. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 The diagram shown is a schematic representation of the overall structure of this utility model.

[0019] Figure 2 The diagram shown is a schematic representation of the overall exploded structure of this utility model.

[0020] Figure 3 The diagram shown is a schematic representation of the translation component of this utility model.

[0021] Figure 4 The diagram shown is an exploded view of the limiting component of this utility model.

[0022] Figure 5 The diagram shown is a schematic diagram of the explosive structure of the buffer component of this utility model.

[0023] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1. Support base plate; 2. Forklift body; 3. Horizontal square column; 4. Vertical square column; 5. Track; 6. Industrial telescopic guide rail; 7. First fixing block; 8. Second fixing block; 9. Drive motor; 10. Two-way lead screw; 11. Wheelset limit block; 12. Limiting arc groove; 13. Support block; 14. Fixing hole; 15. Lifting hook; 16. Mounting plate; 17. Triangular block; 18. Damper; 19. Rubber block; 20. Spring component. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0025] Please see Figures 1-5This utility model provides an embodiment: a forklift automatic loading and unloading device, including a supporting base plate 1, a bidirectional lead screw 10, and wheel set limiting blocks 11. A forklift body 2 is mounted on the top of the supporting base plate 1. Horizontal square columns 3 are mounted on the front and rear sides of the forklift body 2. Vertical square columns 4 are fixedly connected to the left and right ends of the two horizontal square columns 3. Two rails 5 are fixedly connected to the top of the two vertical square columns 4. Industrial telescopic guide rails 6 are slidably connected to the top of each of the two rails 5. A first fixing block 7 is fixedly connected to the right side of the top of the industrial telescopic guide rail 6, and a second fixing block 8 is fixedly connected to the left side of the top of the industrial telescopic guide rail 6. A drive motor 9 is fixedly connected to the left side of the second fixing block 8. The output end of the drive motor 9 is connected to the bidirectional lead screw 10. 0. The drive motor 9 drives the bidirectional lead screw 10 to rotate. The bidirectional lead screw 10 is threaded around its periphery with two wheelset limiting blocks 11. The drive motor 9 transmits rotational torque to the bidirectional lead screw 10. The clockwise or counterclockwise rotation of the bidirectional lead screw 10 drives the symmetrically distributed wheelset limiting blocks 11 to perform reverse synchronous displacement through precision transmission effect, realizing real-time dynamic adjustment of the clamping distance. When the displacement of the wheelset limiting block 11 reaches the preset axial dimension threshold of the wheelset, the control system immediately cuts off the power of the drive motor 9. At this time, the wheel rim surface and the limiting arc groove 12 of the wheelset limiting block 11 form a three-dimensional contact stress field. Through the coupling effect of geometric constraints and static friction, the six-degree-of-freedom displacement deviation of the wheelset is eliminated, and the dynamic adaptive clamping and positioning of the full-size wheelset is completed.

[0026] Please see Figures 1-5 In this embodiment, the right end of the bidirectional lead screw 10 is rotatably connected to the first fixed block 7. The top of the wheel set limiting block 11 is provided with a limiting arc groove 12. When the wheel set is embedded between the two wheel set limiting blocks 11, its wheel flange surface forms a surface contact constraint with the limiting arc groove 12. Support blocks 13 are fixedly connected to the front and rear sides of the bottom of the vertical square column 4. Fixing holes 14 are provided at the four corners of the support base plate 1. The support base plate 1 is fixed to the railcar after passing through the fixing holes 14 with bolts. The top of the support base plate 1 is rectangularly provided with a lifting hook 15. Two mounting plates 16 are fixedly connected to the right side of the top of the support base plate 1. The lifting hook 15 is connected to the connecting hook of the external lifting device. The entire equipment is lifted by the external lifting device.

[0027] Please see Figures 1-5In this embodiment, a triangular block 17 is fixedly connected to the left side of the mounting plate 16. The bottom of the triangular block 17 is fixedly connected to the top of the support base plate 1. The triangular block 17 supports the mounting plate 16 to prevent it from bending due to excessive impact force. A damper 18 is fixedly connected to the right side of the mounting plate 16. A rubber block 19 is fixedly connected to the right end of the damper 18. When the railcar moves the equipment to the end of the track 5, the rubber block 19 contacts the rubber plate at the end of the track 5. At this time, the rubber block 19 applies pressure to the damper 18 and the spring 20 to buffer the impact force. A spring 20 is fixedly connected to the right side of the mounting plate 16. The end of the spring 20 away from the mounting plate 16 is fixedly connected to the rubber block 19. When the equipment moves away from the end of the track 5, the spring 20 pushes the rubber block 19 to reset.

[0028] During operation, the connecting hook of the external hoisting device is connected to the hoisting hook 15. The loading / unloading equipment is then lifted and transferred to the railcar using the external hoisting device. The connecting hook of the external hoisting device is then separated from the hoisting hook 15, and the support base plate 1 is fixed to the railcar by bolts passing through the fixing holes 14. Subsequently, all electrical components on the loading / unloading equipment are electrically connected to the PLC controller on the railcar. When loading / unloading is required, the industrial telescopic guide rail 6 is moved towards the wheel set placement position by the PLC controller on the railcar until the wheel set limit block 11 is below the wheel set. Then, the forklift body 2 is activated, and the forklift body 2 drives the wheel set limit block 11 upwards via the horizontal column 3 until the wheel set is engaged between the two wheel set limit blocks 11, lifting the wheel set away from the ground. After the wheel set is lifted, the railcar is moved along the track 5 to the designated position by the PLC controller on the railcar. Once the railcar reaches the designated position, the industrial telescopic guide rail 6... After retraction and reset, the industrial telescopic guide rail 6 moves in the opposite direction immediately after resetting. At the same time, it moves the wheel pair between the two wheel pair limit blocks 11 to the designated position. After the wheel pair reaches the designated position, the forklift body 2 moves the wheel pair limit blocks 11 downward through the horizontal square column 3 until the wheel pair lands. When it is necessary to adjust the distance between the two wheel pair limit blocks 11 according to the size of the wheel pair, the drive motor 9 drives the bidirectional lead screw 10 to rotate in the forward or reverse direction. The rotation of the bidirectional lead screw 10 pulls the two wheel pair limit blocks 11 to produce linear displacement in opposite directions along the lead screw axis through the threaded transmission relationship, thereby dynamically adjusting the clamping distance between the two wheel pair limit blocks 11. When the distance between the two wheel pair limit blocks 11 is adapted to the size of the wheel pair, the drive motor 9 stops running. In this way, when the wheel pair is inserted between the two wheel pair limit blocks 11, the surface of the wheel pair can be completely fitted with the limiting arc groove 12, realizing the adjustment function of the wheel pair limit structure.

[0029] Through the above steps, the output shaft torque of the drive motor 9 drives the bidirectional lead screw 10 to perform clockwise or counterclockwise rotation. This rotational torque is converted into the axial translational driving force of the wheel set limit blocks 11 on both sides through the helical transmission effect of the lead screw pair. This causes the two wheel set limit blocks 11 to make symmetrical reverse linear displacements, realizing stepless adjustment of the clamping distance. When the gap value between the limit arc groove 12 and the wheel flange surface is matched, the power supply of the drive motor 9 is immediately cut off, realizing the adaptive adjustment function of the wheel set limit structure. This solves the problem that common forklift automatic loading and unloading equipment only includes the function of transporting wheelsets, which can transport wheelsets to designated locations, but lacks the function of adjusting the wheel set limit structure. It cannot guarantee that the wheel set limit structure can be adjusted according to wheelsets of different sizes. Mechanical interference or fit gaps may occur between the wheel flange and the limit arc groove 12 due to the deviation of the containment size, resulting in wheel set embedding failure or excessive inertial displacement. Manual intervention and repeated calibration are required to achieve stable clamping, which seriously weakens the continuous operation capability of the automated production line.

Claims

1. A forklift-type automatic loading and unloading device, comprising a supporting base plate (1); characterized in that: It also includes a bidirectional lead screw (10) and wheel set limit blocks (11). The top of the support base plate (1) is provided with a forklift body (2). The front and rear sides of the forklift body (2) are provided with horizontal square columns (3). The left and right ends of the two horizontal square columns (3) are fixedly connected with vertical square columns (4). The top of the two vertical square columns (4) is fixedly connected with two rails (5). The top of the two rails (5) is slidably connected with an industrial telescopic guide rail (6). The right side of the top of the industrial telescopic guide rail (6) is fixedly connected with a first fixed block (7). The left side of the top of the industrial telescopic guide rail (6) is fixedly connected with a second fixed block (8). The left side of the second fixed block (8) is fixedly connected with a drive motor (9). The output end of the drive motor (9) is fixedly connected with a bidirectional lead screw (10). The drive motor (9) is used to drive the bidirectional lead screw (10) to rotate. The bidirectional lead screw (10) is threaded with two wheel set limit blocks (11).

2. The forklift automatic loading and unloading device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The right end of the bidirectional lead screw (10) is rotatably connected to the first fixed block (7), and a limiting arc groove (12) is opened on the top of the wheel set limiting block (11).

3. The forklift automatic loading and unloading device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Support blocks (13) are fixedly connected to the front and rear sides of the bottom of the vertical square column (4), and fixing holes (14) are opened at the four corners of the support base plate (1).

4. The forklift automatic loading and unloading device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top of the support base plate (1) is rectangular and has a lifting hook (15). Two mounting plates (16) are fixedly connected to the right side of the top of the support base plate (1).

5. The forklift automatic loading and unloading device according to claim 4, characterized in that: A triangular block (17) is fixedly connected to the left side of the mounting plate (16), and the bottom of the triangular block (17) is fixedly connected to the top of the supporting base plate (1).

6. The forklift automatic loading and unloading device according to claim 5, characterized in that: A damper (18) is fixedly connected to the right side of the mounting plate (16), and a rubber block (19) is fixedly connected to the right end of the damper (18).

7. The forklift automatic loading and unloading device according to claim 6, characterized in that: A spring (20) is fixedly connected to the right side of the mounting plate (16), and the end of the spring (20) away from the mounting plate (16) is fixedly connected to the rubber block (19).

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