Diaphragm switching device and laser equipment

Abstract

The utility model provides a diaphragm switching device and laser equipment, the diaphragm switching device comprises a rotating mechanism and a plurality of diaphragm discs, the plurality of diaphragm discs are arranged at intervals along the extension direction of a light path, the diaphragm discs are provided with at least one through hole and a plurality of mounting holes, and the at least one through hole and the plurality of mounting holes are sequentially arranged along the circumferential direction of the diaphragm discs. The mounting hole is used for mounting a diaphragm, the diaphragm disc is mounted on the rotating mechanism and rotates through the rotating mechanism, and the diaphragm disc can rotate to enable a light hole of the diaphragm mounted on the through hole or the mounting hole to be located on a light path. The number of the diaphragms with different apertures can be increased through the arrangement of the plurality of diaphragm discs, the problem that the number of the diaphragms is insufficient due to the size limitation of a single diaphragm disc is solved, the aperture specifications of the selectable diaphragms are greatly increased, and rapid switching of the diaphragms with different apertures can be realized without dismounting and replacing the diaphragm discs. And the downtime and manual operation errors are effectively reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of aperture plate technology, and particularly relates to an aperture switching device and a laser device. Background Technology

[0002] In the operation and optical path debugging of laser equipment, the aperture, as a core component for precisely controlling the aperture of the laser beam, directly affects the accuracy, energy density, and processing effect of laser processing. It is widely applicable to various processing scenarios such as laser drilling, cutting, marking, and welding. To meet the differentiated requirements of different processing techniques for the aperture of the beam, it is usually necessary to frequently switch apertures with different aperture sizes. The current mainstream method in the industry is to use an aperture disk rotation, so that the apertures with different aperture sizes on the aperture disk are aligned sequentially with the direction of optical path transmission, thereby completing the switching operation of the aperture size on the optical path.

[0003] However, due to the limitations of the overall structural dimensions of the laser equipment's optical path system, the installation space for the aperture plate is strictly constrained, preventing the aperture plate's diameter from being designed to be too large. This structural limitation directly determines a significant upper limit to the number of apertures that can be integrated on a single aperture plate. When a large number of aperture specifications are required (e.g., more than 8 commonly used specifications), the circumferential space of a single aperture plate cannot accommodate all apertures of different diameters. Therefore, when a new size aperture exceeding the capacity of a single aperture plate is needed, the operator must first stop the machine, disassemble the original aperture plate in the equipment's optical path, replace it with a new aperture plate with the target aperture, and then recalibrate and adjust the optical path. This operation method not only suffers from long downtime and low production efficiency, but also introduces human error due to frequent disassembly and calibration, leading to a decrease in optical path alignment accuracy and affecting the consistency of laser processing quality. Furthermore, repeated disassembly may cause wear and tear on components such as the aperture plate's mounting base and the optical path sealing structure, shortening the equipment's lifespan, increasing maintenance costs and failure rates, and failing to meet the demands of the modern laser processing industry for efficient, stable, and continuous production. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this application is to provide an aperture switching device and a laser device, which aims to solve the technical problem that the number of apertures in the aperture disk in the current related technology has an upper limit and cannot cover all needs.

[0005] The embodiments of this application are implemented as follows: Firstly, an aperture switching device is provided, including a rotating mechanism and a plurality of aperture disks. The plurality of aperture disks are arranged at intervals along the propagation direction of the optical path. Each aperture disk has at least one through hole and a plurality of mounting holes. The at least one through hole and the plurality of mounting holes are arranged sequentially along the circumference of the aperture disk. The mounting holes are used to install apertures. The aperture disks are mounted on the rotating mechanism and rotated through the rotating mechanism. The aperture disks can rotate so that the light-transmitting holes of the apertures installed on the through holes or the mounting holes are located on the optical path.

[0006] One possible scenario in the first aspect is that at least one of the through holes and a plurality of the mounting holes are evenly arranged at equal central angles along the circumference of the aperture disk.

[0007] One possible scenario in the first aspect is that the rotation axes of the plurality of said aperture disks coincide, and the rotation axes are parallel to the extension direction of the optical path.

[0008] In one possible aspect of the first aspect, the aperture switching device further includes a drive mechanism connected to the rotating mechanism and used to drive the rotating mechanism to rotate.

[0009] In one possible scenario of the first aspect, the rotating mechanism includes a shaft and multiple clutch assemblies;

[0010] The clutch assembly includes a clutch disc, which is movably sleeved on the shaft, and each of the aperture discs is connected to one of the clutch discs;

[0011] The shaft is provided with multiple connectors, and each of the multiple connectors is respectively configured to correspond one-to-one with the multiple clutch discs. Any of the connectors and the corresponding clutch discs can switch between a locked state and an unlocked state.

[0012] When any of the connecting parts and the corresponding clutch disc are in a locked state, the shaft is connected to the clutch disc in a transmission connection, so that the shaft drives the clutch disc to rotate. When any of the connecting parts and the corresponding clutch disc are in an unlocked state, the connecting parts are separated from the clutch disc, so as to release the transmission connection between the shaft and the clutch disc.

[0013] In one possible aspect of the first aspect, the connector includes an electromagnetic base connected to the shaft and an electromagnetic coil connected to the electromagnetic base. The clutch disc can magnetically engage with the electromagnetic base when the electromagnetic coil is energized, so that the connector and the corresponding clutch disc are in a locked state. The clutch disc can also be spaced apart from the electromagnetic base when the electromagnetic coil is de-energized, so that the connector and the corresponding clutch disc are in an unlocked state.

[0014] In one possible aspect of the first aspect, the clutch disc includes a fixed plate, a friction plate, and a connecting rib. The fixed plate is movably sleeved on the shaft and spaced apart from the electromagnetic base. The friction plate is connected to the fixed plate through the connecting rib. The second friction surface of the friction plate can magnetically engage with the first friction surface of the electromagnetic base through the elastic deformation of the connecting rib when the electromagnetic coil is energized. The friction plate can also separate from the electromagnetic base through the elastic reset of the connecting rib when the electromagnetic coil is de-energized.

[0015] In one possible aspect of the first aspect, the clutch assembly further includes a mounting base and a bearing housing, the bearing housing being sleeved on the shaft, the mounting base being sleeved on the bearing housing, and the retaining plate being fixedly connected to the mounting base.

[0016] In one possible scenario of the first aspect, both the fixing plate and the friction plate are annular, the friction plate and the fixing plate are coaxially nested and spaced apart, and multiple connecting ribs are provided, which are connected between the friction plate and the fixing plate and are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the fixing plate.

[0017] In one possible scenario of the first aspect, the aperture switching device further includes a base, a sensor, and a sensing structure. The sensor or the sensing structure is disposed on the aperture disk, and the other of the sensor and the sensing structure is disposed on the base. The sensor is used to detect whether the sensing structure has reached a preset relative position relative to the sensor, and the preset relative position is used as the zero point position for the aperture disk to rotate.

[0018] One possible scenario in the first aspect is that the detection method by which the sensor detects whether the sensing structure on the aperture disk has reached the preset relative position includes any of the following:

[0019] The sensing structure can emit a detection signal, and the sensor can receive the detection signal. When the sensor receives the detection signal, it determines that the sensing structure has reached the preset relative position.

[0020] The sensing structure can emit a detection signal, and the sensor can change the propagation state of the detection signal. When the propagation state of the detection signal of the sensing structure is changed, it is determined that the sensing structure has reached the preset relative position.

[0021] In one possible scenario of the first aspect, the aperture disk has one through hole, and the aperture switching device further includes multiple counterweights, each of which is connected to one of the aperture disks, and the counterweights and the through hole are located on opposite sides of the aperture disk in the radial direction.

[0022] In a second aspect, a laser device is provided, including a laser and an aperture switching device as described in any of the above cases, wherein the laser is used to emit a laser beam, and each of the aperture disks can be rotated such that the light-transmitting holes of the apertures mounted on each of the through holes or mounting holes are located in the optical path of the laser beam.

[0023] The technical advantages of this application compared to the prior art are as follows: The aperture switching device is equipped with multiple aperture disks, which can increase the number of apertures with different apertures. In use, each aperture disk can be rotated by a rotating mechanism until the target aperture on one aperture disk and the through holes on other aperture disks are precisely aligned with the optical path. This not only overcomes the problem of insufficient number of apertures that can be installed due to the size limitation of a single aperture disk, but also greatly increases the aperture specifications of the selectable apertures. Furthermore, it can achieve rapid switching of different aperture apertures without disassembling and replacing the aperture disks, effectively reducing downtime and human error, improving the efficiency of optical path debugging and the consistency of laser processing quality. At the same time, it avoids wear and tear on equipment components caused by frequent disassembly, reduces maintenance costs and failure rates, and better adapts to the needs of efficient, stable and continuous production in the modern laser processing industry. Attached Figure Description

[0024] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments of this application or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0025] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the aperture switching device provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0026] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of the aperture switching device in the middle;

[0027] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the aperture disk in the aperture switching device provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0028] Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the clutch assembly and connector in the aperture switching device provided in the embodiments of this application, showing their combined state.

[0029] Figure 5 yes Figure 4 A cross-sectional view of the clutch assembly and connectors in their combined state;

[0030] Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the clutch disc in the aperture switching device provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0031] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0032] 100. Aperture switching device;

[0033] 10. Rotating mechanism; 11. Connecting component; 111. Electromagnetic base; 1110. First friction surface; 112. Electromagnetic coil; 113. Rear cover; 12. Shaft; 13. Clutch assembly; 131. Clutch disc; 1311. Fixing plate; 1312. Friction plate; 1313. Connecting rib; 1310. Second friction surface; 132. Bearing seat; 133. Mounting base; 1330. Mounting surface;

[0034] 20. Aperture plate; 201. Through hole; 202. Mounting hole;

[0035] 30. Drive mechanism;

[0036] 40. Sensor;

[0037] 50. Sensing structure;

[0038] 60. Base;

[0039] 80. Aperture; 801. Target aperture;

[0040] 90. Optical path. Detailed Implementation

[0041] The embodiments of this application are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain this application, and should not be construed as limiting this application.

[0042] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "length", "width", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

[0043] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0044] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0045] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0046] This application provides a laser device, which includes, but is not limited to, laser processing equipment (such as laser drilling machines, laser cutting machines, laser marking machines, laser welding machines, etc.), laser surgical equipment (such as femtosecond laser surgical instruments, CO2 laser beauty instruments, etc.), and laser measurement equipment (such as laser spectrometers, laser interferometers, laser velocimeters, etc.). In the design and application of laser optical systems, in order to achieve dynamic adaptation of beam morphology (such as beam shape, beam size, beam energy distribution) and power parameters, it is usually necessary to configure switchable optical components (such as aperture disks with multiple apertures) to meet diverse process requirements.

[0047] Laser equipment typically uses a laser as the laser beam emission source. During the operation and optical path debugging of laser equipment, the aperture, as a core component for precisely controlling the light-transmitting aperture of the laser beam, directly affects the accuracy and processing effect of laser processing. It is widely applicable to various processing scenarios such as laser cutting, marking, and welding. To meet the differentiated requirements of different processing techniques for beam morphology and power parameters, it is usually necessary to frequently switch between apertures of different diameters. The current mainstream method in the industry is to use an aperture disk rotation, so that the apertures of different diameters on the aperture disk are aligned sequentially with the extension direction of the optical path, thereby completing the switching operation of different specifications of light-transmitting apertures in the optical path.

[0048] However, due to the limitations of the overall structural dimensions of the laser equipment's optical path system, the installation space for the aperture plate is strictly constrained, preventing the aperture plate's diameter from being designed to be too large. This structural limitation directly determines a significant upper limit to the number of apertures that can be integrated on a single aperture plate. When a large number of aperture specifications are required (e.g., more than 8 commonly used specifications), the circumferential space of a single aperture plate cannot accommodate all apertures of different diameters. Therefore, when a new aperture specification exceeding the capacity of a single aperture plate is needed, the operator must first stop the machine, disassemble the original aperture plate in the equipment's optical path, replace it with a new aperture plate containing the target aperture, and then recalibrate and adjust the optical path. This operation method not only suffers from long downtime and low production efficiency, but also introduces human error due to frequent disassembly and calibration, leading to a decrease in optical path alignment accuracy and consequently affecting the consistency of laser processing quality. Furthermore, repeated disassembly may cause wear and tear on components such as the aperture plate's mounting base and the optical path sealing structure, shortening the equipment's lifespan, increasing maintenance costs and failure rates, and failing to meet the demands of the modern laser processing industry for efficient, stable, and continuous production.

[0049] To address the aforementioned problems, this application provides an aperture switching device 100. Please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 1 and Figure 2 The aperture switching device 100 includes a rotating mechanism 10 and multiple aperture disks 20.

[0050] Multiple aperture disks 20 are arranged at intervals along the extension direction of the optical path 90, which is also the extension direction of the light path formed by the laser beam and the propagation direction of the laser beam. Each aperture disk 20 has at least one through hole 201 and multiple mounting holes 202, arranged sequentially along the circumference of the aperture disk 20. No aperture 80 is installed in the through hole 201, while the mounting holes 202 are used to install the aperture 80. The aperture diameter of the aperture 80 installed in different mounting holes 202 can be different.

[0051] The aperture plate 20 is mounted on the rotating mechanism 10 and rotates through the rotating mechanism 10. The rotation axis of the aperture plate 20 can be parallel to the optical path 90 and separated from the optical path 90 by a certain distance. The rotation axis of the aperture plate 20 can pass through the center of the aperture plate 20 or deviate from the center of the aperture plate 20; no restriction is placed here. The aperture plate 20 can rotate to position the aperture 80 mounted on the through hole 201 or mounting hole 202 on the optical path 90. In other words, during the rotation of each aperture disk 20 by the rotating mechanism 10, each mounting hole 202 on it can pass through the optical path 90 in sequence, and each through hole 201 can also pass through the optical path 90. When it is necessary for the aperture disk 20 to avoid the optical path 90, the aperture disk 20 can be rotated until a through hole 201 is located on the optical path 90 and then the rotation can be stopped. When it is necessary for an aperture 80 with a specific aperture installed on the aperture disk 20 to be located on the optical path 90, the aperture disk 20 can be rotated until the aperture 80 with the specific aperture is located on the optical path 90 and then the rotation can be stopped. The aperture 80 with the specific aperture is named the target aperture 801 in the following description. It is understood that both the through-hole 201 and the mounting hole 202 on the aperture disk 20 are hole structures. In this disclosure, the hole structure on which the aperture 80 is installed is named mounting hole 202, and the hole structure on which the aperture 80 is not installed is named through hole 201. At least one hole structure is not on which the aperture 80 is installed. When the aperture disk 20 has multiple through holes 201, if the aperture disk 20 needs to avoid the optical path 90, it can be rotated so that any through hole 201 is located on the optical path 90. The laser beam in the optical path 90 is adjusted by rotating the aperture 80 to the mounting hole 202 on the optical path 90.

[0052] It should be noted that there may be one rotating mechanism 10, with multiple aperture disks 20 mounted on the same rotating mechanism 10, and the rotation axes of the multiple aperture disks 20 coinciding. Alternatively, there may be multiple rotating mechanisms 10, with at least one rotating mechanism 10 having only one aperture disk 20, meaning that each aperture disk 20 can be configured in a one-to-one correspondence with each rotating mechanism 10. Or, at least one rotating mechanism 10 may have one aperture disk 20, while other rotating mechanisms 10 may have multiple aperture disks 20. There is no limitation here.

[0053] The aperture switching device 100 is equipped with multiple aperture disks 20 to increase the number of apertures 80 with different apertures. In use, the rotating mechanism 10 can rotate each aperture disk 20 until the target aperture 801 on one aperture disk 20 and the through holes 201 on other aperture disks 20 are precisely aligned with the optical path 90. This not only overcomes the problem of insufficient number of apertures 80 that can be installed due to the size limitation of a single aperture disk 20, but also greatly increases the aperture specifications of the selectable apertures 80. Furthermore, it can achieve rapid switching of apertures 80 with different apertures without disassembling and replacing the aperture disks 20, effectively reducing downtime and human error, improving the debugging efficiency of the optical path 90 and the consistency of laser processing quality, while avoiding wear and tear on equipment components caused by frequent disassembly, reducing maintenance costs and failure rates, and better adapting to the needs of efficient, stable, and continuous production in the modern laser processing industry.

[0054] It should be noted that there may be two or more aperture disks 20. The number of aperture disks 20 can be adjusted according to actual needs, or it can be a fixed value; there is no limitation here. In the illustrated embodiment, there are two aperture disks 20, which are coaxially arranged.

[0055] Please see Figure 2 Each aperture disk 20 is a circular disk, and the rotation axes of the multiple aperture disks 20 coincide, with these axes parallel to the extension direction of the optical path 90. It is understood that the distance from the center of the hole structure distributed on the outer periphery of each aperture disk 20 to the center of the aperture disk 20 is equal, and the shape of any aperture disk 20 can also be a regular polygon; this disclosure does not restrict the outer contour shape of the aperture disks 20. This significantly reduces the radial space occupied by the aperture switching device 100 on the aperture disks 20, perfectly adapting to the compact installation environment of the laser processing equipment's optical path system. Simultaneously, the coaxial design of the multiple aperture disks 20 ensures that the light-transmitting holes or through-holes 201 of the apertures 80 installed on each aperture disk 20 are always precisely aligned with the center of the optical path 90, improving the control accuracy and stability of the optical path 90.

[0056] Optionally, at least one through hole 201 and multiple mounting holes 202 are evenly arranged around the circumference of the aperture disk 20 with equal central angles. That is, among all the hole structures on the aperture disk 20, the central angles corresponding to adjacent hole structures are the same. This ensures that the rotation angle required for each aperture disk 20 to switch between the target aperture 801 and the through hole 201 is completely consistent, greatly simplifying the parameter setting and programming process of the CNC system and reducing parameter debugging time and operational errors. The multiple aperture disks 20 can be of the same size, and the positions of the hole structures on each aperture disk 20 correspond one-to-one. The uniform size and hole position design facilitates standardized production, assembly, and subsequent maintenance and replacement of the aperture disks 20, further reducing equipment manufacturing and usage costs.

[0057] As an alternative implementation, the rotation axes of the multiple aperture disks 20 can also be parallel and spaced apart, that is, the rotation axes of the multiple aperture disks 20 do not coincide. The parallel and spaced axis layout can reduce the risk of mechanical interference when each aperture disk 20 rotates, facilitate flexible adjustment of the installation position of the aperture disks 20 according to the optical path 90, and improve the adaptability and compatibility of the device with different laser processing equipment.

[0058] Understandably, please refer to Figure 2 The aperture switching device 100 further includes a drive mechanism 30, which is connected to the rotating mechanism 10 and drives the rotating mechanism 10 to rotate, thereby causing the aperture disk 20 to rotate. The drive mechanism 30 can be a motor, and the rotating mechanism 10 is connected to the output shaft of the motor, rotating as the motor output shaft rotates. In other embodiments, the drive mechanism 30 can also be a manual drive mechanism (such as a handwheel, knob, etc.), a cylinder, a hydraulic mechanism, an electromagnetic drive mechanism, a spring-driven mechanism, etc., and there are no limitations here.

[0059] When there is one rotating mechanism 10, there is also one driving mechanism 30, and the driving mechanism 30 drives the rotating mechanism 10 to rotate; when there are multiple rotating mechanisms 10, there can be one driving mechanism 30, which drives multiple rotating mechanisms 10 to rotate at the same time, and the multiple rotating mechanisms 10 can be connected by transmission; when there are multiple rotating mechanisms 10, there can also be multiple driving mechanisms 30, and each driving mechanism 30 drives one or more rotating mechanisms 10 to rotate.

[0060] In the following embodiments, a drive mechanism 30 and a rotation mechanism 10 are described.

[0061] Understandably, please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 The rotating mechanism 10 includes a shaft 12 and a clutch assembly 13. The number of clutch assemblies 13 can be the same as the number of aperture plates 20, with each aperture plate 20 corresponding to a clutch assembly 13. Each clutch assembly 13 includes a clutch disc 131, with each aperture plate 20 mounted on a clutch disc 131, which is movably sleeved on the shaft 12. The shaft 12 can be connected to a drive mechanism 30, which drives the shaft 12 to rotate. The central axis of the shaft 12 coincides with the rotation axis of the aperture plate 20. The clutch disc 131 can be directly and movably sleeved on the shaft 12, or indirectly and movably sleeved on the shaft 12 through other structures; this is not limited here. It should be noted that "movably sleeved" means that it can rotate relative to the shaft 12, or can rotate relative to the shaft 12 and slide along the shaft 12.

[0062] A plurality of connecting members 11 are provided on the shaft 12, and each connecting member 11 corresponds to at least one clutch disc 131. The number of connecting members 11 can be the same as the number of clutch discs 131, with each connecting member 11 corresponding to one clutch disc 131. Alternatively, the number of connecting members 11 can be less than the number of clutch discs 131, and at least one connecting member 11 can correspond to multiple clutch discs 131; no limitation is imposed here. In the following embodiments, a one-to-one correspondence between multiple connecting members 11 and multiple clutch discs 131 is used as an example for description.

[0063] Any connecting member 11 and its corresponding clutch disc 131 can switch between a locked state and an unlocked state. When either connecting member 11 or its corresponding clutch disc 131 is locked, the shaft 12 is connected to the corresponding clutch disc 131, causing the shaft 12 to drive the connected clutch disc 131 to rotate. When either connecting member 11 or its corresponding clutch disc 131 is unlocked, the connecting member 11 is separated from the corresponding clutch disc 131, thus releasing the transmission connection between the shaft 12 and the corresponding clutch disc 131. When the connecting member 11 and its corresponding clutch disc 131 are locked, the power of the shaft 12 can be stably transmitted to the aperture disc 20, ensuring that the aperture disc 20 accurately adjusts with the rotation of the shaft 12. When the connecting member 11 and its corresponding clutch disc 131 are unlocked, the aperture disc 20 remains stationary with the clutch disc 131, avoiding any linkage interference with the shaft 12. The transmission connection between the connecting member 11 and the clutch disc 131 includes, but is not limited to, electromagnetic adsorption connection, spline connection, flat key connection, elastic pin connection, and shrink sleeve connection. The clutch disc 131 can achieve transmission connection or separation with the connecting member 11 through its own deformation or sliding relative to the shaft 12. The deformation or movement of the clutch disc 131 can be achieved by manual operation, electric control, or electromagnetic control; no limitation is made here.

[0064] During operation, first, control one of the connecting parts 11 and the corresponding clutch disc 131 to switch to the locked state, while the remaining connecting parts 11 and the corresponding clutch disc 131 remain unlocked. At this time, the drive mechanism 30 drives the shaft 12 to rotate, and the clutch disc 131, which is only connected to the connecting part 11, rotates synchronously with the shaft 12. The aperture disc 20 connected to the clutch disc 131 rotates accordingly until its target aperture 801 or through hole 201 is precisely aligned with the optical path. Then, switch the connecting part 11 and the corresponding clutch disc 131 to the unlocked state so that the aperture disc 20 connected to the corresponding clutch disc 131 remains stationary in its current position. Then, control the next connecting part 11 and the corresponding clutch disc 131 to switch to the locked state in sequence. If there are two or more connecting parts 11 and clutch discs 131, the remaining connecting parts 11 and the corresponding clutch discs 131 remain unlocked. Then, repeat the above operation to adjust the angle of different aperture discs 20. Through this step-by-step adjustment method, the target aperture 801 on only one aperture disk 20 is finally aligned with the optical path 90, and all other aperture disks 20 are aligned with the optical path 90 with the through hole 201, ensuring that the laser beam only passes through the target aperture 801 with a specific aperture, thus meeting the processing or debugging requirements. The aperture switching device 100 uses a single shaft 12 in conjunction with multiple corresponding aperture disks 20. This simplifies the design by allowing a single shaft 12 to drive multiple aperture disks 20, significantly reducing the number of driving components, lowering equipment manufacturing costs and assembly complexity. Furthermore, by switching between locked and unlocked states via the connector 11 and the clutch disk 131, it precisely controls the independent rotation and adjustment of a single aperture disk 20 while keeping the other aperture disks stationary, avoiding interference from multiple disk linkages. Simultaneously, it can quickly and accurately align the target aperture 801 with the through holes 201 on other aperture disks 20, shortening aperture switching time and optical path debugging cycles, reducing human error, and taking into account the core advantages of multi-aperture 80 specification expansion and space optimization. This further enhances the efficiency, accuracy, and reliability of the device, making it more suitable for the automation and compact design requirements of laser processing equipment.

[0065] As one implementation method, please refer to Figure 5The connecting member 11 includes an electromagnetic base 111 connected to the shaft 12 and an electromagnetic coil 112 connected to the electromagnetic base 111. The electromagnetic base 111 can rotate with the rotation of the shaft 12. The clutch disc 131 can magnetically engage with the electromagnetic base 111 when the electromagnetic coil 112 is energized, so that the connecting member 11 and the corresponding clutch disc 131 are in a locked state. At this time, the electromagnetic base 111 can drive the clutch disc 131 to rotate. The clutch disc 131 can also be spaced apart from the electromagnetic base 111 when the electromagnetic coil 112 is de-energized, so that the connecting member 11 and the corresponding clutch disc 131 are in an unlocked state. The clutch disc 131 is made of ferromagnetic metal. The electromagnetic coil 112 can generate magnetism when energized, so that the clutch disc 131 deforms or moves toward the electromagnetic base 111 until it magnetically engages with the electromagnetic base 111. The electromagnetic coil 112 can also lose its magnetism when de-energized, so that the clutch disc 131 returns to the position separated from the electromagnetic base 111.

[0066] When it is necessary to rotate a target aperture disk 20, only the electromagnetic coil 112 corresponding to the clutch disk 131 connected to that aperture disk 20 is energized. The energized electromagnetic coil 112 generates magnetism, causing the clutch disk 131, made of ferromagnetic metal, to magnetically engage with the electromagnetic base 111. The shaft 12 establishes a transmission connection with the clutch disk 131. At this time, the drive mechanism 30 drives the shaft 12 to rotate, and the electromagnetic base 111 can synchronously drive the engaged clutch disk 131 and the aperture disk 20 fixed to it to rotate until the target aperture 801 or through hole 201 is precisely aligned with the optical path. When it is not necessary to rotate the aperture disk 20, the power supply to the corresponding electromagnetic coil 112 is cut off, the magnetism of the electromagnetic coil 112 disappears, and the electromagnetic base 111 and the clutch disk 131 are released from magnetic attraction. The clutch disc 131 resets under its own deformation force or external force, completely separating from the electromagnetic base 111. The shaft 12 then disengages from the clutch disc 131, and the aperture plate 20 remains stationary in its current position, ensuring stable transmission of the optical path is not affected. This clutch assembly 13 uses an electromagnetic coil 112 to achieve a magnetic attraction between the electromagnetic base 111 and the ferromagnetic clutch disc 131. State switching can be quickly achieved by switching the electromagnetic coil 112 on and off, resulting in rapid operation response and high control precision. Simultaneously, the pure electromagnetic drive eliminates the need for complex mechanical contact locking structures, reducing component wear and jamming risks, improving long-term reliability and service life. Furthermore, the overall structure is compact, the control logic is simple, and it is easy to integrate, further optimizing the device's lightweight and automation performance.

[0067] Optionally, the connector 11 may also include a rear cover 113, which can be connected to the electromagnetic base 111 and installed on the side of the electromagnetic base 111 away from the clutch disc 131. The rear cover 113 and the electromagnetic base 111 can jointly form an installation space, and the electromagnetic coil 112 can be placed in the installation space. The rear cover 113 can protect the electromagnetic coil 112 from being bumped or contaminated.

[0068] Optional, please refer to Figure 5 and Figure 6 The clutch disc 131 includes a fixed plate 1311, a friction plate 1312, and a connecting rib 1313. The fixed plate 1311 is movably sleeved on the shaft 12 and is spaced apart from the electromagnetic base 111. The friction plate 1312 is connected to the fixed plate 1311 through the connecting rib 1313, that is, the connecting rib 1313 connects the fixed plate 1311 and the friction plate 1312 and can undergo elastic deformation. The electromagnetic base 111 has a first friction surface 1110 facing the clutch disc 131, and the friction plate 1312 has a second friction surface 1310 facing the electromagnetic base 111. The second friction surface 1310 of the friction plate 1312 can magnetically engage with the first friction surface 1110 of the electromagnetic base 111 through the elastic deformation of the connecting rib 1313 when the electromagnetic coil 112 is energized. The friction plate 1312 can also separate from the electromagnetic base 111 through the elastic reset of the connecting rib 1313 when the electromagnetic coil 112 is de-energized. When the electromagnetic coil 112 is energized and generates magnetism, the friction plate 1312, under the action of magnetic attraction, overcomes the elastic force of the connecting rib 1313 and moves towards the electromagnetic base 111, where it tightly engages. At this time, the shaft 12 rotates, causing the electromagnetic base 111 to rotate synchronously. The friction between the friction plate 1312 and the electromagnetic base 111 drives the aperture disk 20 to rotate in conjunction with the shaft 12 until the target aperture 801 or through hole 201 is aligned with the optical path. When the electromagnetic coil 112 is de-energized, the magnetism disappears, and the friction plate 1312, under the action of the elastic restoring force of the connecting rib 1313, disengages from the electromagnetic base 111 and returns to its initial spacing position. At this time, the rotation of the shaft 12 only causes the electromagnetic base 111 to rotate freely, while the aperture disk 20 remains stationary, ensuring the stability of the optical path. The clutch disc 131 adopts a combination design of a fixed plate 1311, an elastic connecting rib 1313, and a friction plate 1312. Combined with the on / off control of the electromagnetic coil 112, it can both, when energized, drive the clutch disc 131 to elastically deform and tightly engage with the electromagnetic base 111 through magnetic attraction, ensuring the synchronization and reliability of power transmission; and, when de-energized, use the restoring force of the connecting rib 1313 to automatically disengage the friction plate 1312, achieving precise locking of the aperture disc 20 and avoiding unrelated linkage. The overall structure, through the synergistic effect of elastic deformation and magnetic attraction, reduces mechanical contact wear, improves the smoothness and response speed of clutch switching, and the connection method of each component is simple and reliable, easy to process and assemble, further enhancing the stability and service life of the rotating mechanism 10, and adapting to the high-precision control requirements of rapid switching of multiple aperture discs 20.

[0069] It is understood that the clutch assembly 13 also includes a mounting base 133 and a bearing housing 132. The bearing housing 132 is annular and sleeved on the shaft 12. The mounting base 133 is annular and sleeved on the bearing housing 132. In this way, the mounting base 133 is sleeved on the shaft 12 through the bearing housing 132, achieving a stable rotational connection with the shaft 12 and restricting axial movement. The fixing plate 1311 is fixedly connected to the mounting base 133. The fixing connection method includes, but is not limited to, screw connection, threaded connection, welding, snap-fit, etc.

[0070] Furthermore, the mounting base 133 and the electromagnetic base 111 are arranged along the axial direction of the shaft 12. The electromagnetic base 111 is annular and fixedly sleeved on the shaft 12. The electromagnetic coil 112 is arranged around the electromagnetic base 111 and is located on the side of the first friction surface 1110 away from the clutch disc 131. The mounting base 133 has a mounting surface 1330 facing the electromagnetic base 111. The fixing plate 1311 is annular and fixedly connected to the mounting surface 1330. The friction plate 1312 is annular and surrounds the fixing plate 1311. The friction plate 1312 and the fixing plate 1311 are coaxially nested and spaced apart. It is possible that the friction plate 1312 surrounds the fixing plate 1311, or the fixing plate 1311 surrounds the friction plate 1312. The friction plate 1312 and the fixing plate 1311 can be located on the same plane or on different planes; no limitation is made here. Multiple connecting ribs 1313 are provided, and the multiple connecting ribs 1313 are connected between the friction plate 1312 and the fixing plate 1311, and are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the fixing plate 1311.

[0071] In one embodiment, the fixing plate 1311, the friction plate 1312 and the connecting rib 1313 are on the same plane when the electromagnetic coil 112 is de-energized, and the friction plate 1312 surrounds the fixing plate 1311. At this time, the clutch disc 131 is spaced apart from the first friction surface 1110. When the electromagnetic coil 112 is de-energized, the fixing plate 1311, the connecting rib 1313, and the friction plate 1312 are on the same plane, and the friction plate 1312 and the first friction surface 1110 of the electromagnetic base 111 are kept apart. When the electromagnetic coil 112 is energized and generates magnetism, the friction plate 1312 bends toward the electromagnetic base 111 under the action of magnetic attraction through the elastic deformation of the connecting rib 1313 until the second friction surface 1310 tightly abuts against the first friction surface 1110 of the electromagnetic base 111. The shaft 12 rotates and drives the electromagnetic base 111 to rotate synchronously. Through the friction between the first friction surface 1110 and the second friction surface 1310, the connecting rib 1313, the fixing plate 1311, and the mounting base 133 are driven to rotate in sequence, and finally the aperture disk 20 connected to the mounting base 133 is driven to rotate synchronously, so as to achieve the alignment of the target aperture 801 or the through hole 201 with the optical path. The clutch assembly 13, through the axial arrangement of the electromagnetic base 111 and the mounting base 133, and the coaxial spacing of the fixing plate 1311 and the friction plate 1312, combined with the circumferentially evenly distributed elastic connecting ribs 1313, ensures both structural compactness and coaxiality. It also allows for precise control of the contact and separation between the friction plate 1312 and the electromagnetic base 111 via the on / off state of the electromagnetic coil 112, enabling rapid switching between power transmission and unlocking. The surface contact between the first friction surface 1110 and the second friction surface 1310 enhances the stability of power transmission and friction torque. The design of multiple elastic connecting ribs 1313 ensures the smoothness of the deformation and reset of the friction plate 1312, reducing switching impact. Simultaneously, the spacing between the electromagnetic coil 112 and the friction plate 1312 via the electromagnetic base 111 avoids direct wear of the electromagnetic coil 112. The modular design of each component facilitates processing, assembly, and subsequent maintenance. The overall structure balances transmission reliability, switching response speed, and service life.

[0072] The fixing plate 1311, connecting rib 1313, and friction plate 1312 are integrally formed and all made of metal. This design not only simplifies the processing and assembly of the clutch disc 131 and reduces manufacturing costs, but also enhances the structural strength and integrity of the connection between the three components, avoiding the risk of loosening or breakage that may occur with a split structure. Simultaneously, the elastic properties of the metal material allow the three components to undergo coordinated elastic deformation under magnetic attraction. This ensures that the friction plate 1312 can quickly adhere to the first friction surface 1110 of the electromagnetic base 111 to achieve power transmission, and that it can accurately return to its original position after power failure using the overall elastic restoring force, ensuring smooth clutch switching and fast response. The integrally formed metal structure also enhances the wear resistance and fatigue resistance of the friction plate 1312, extending the service life of the clutch assembly 13 and further improving the stability and reliability of the aperture switching device 100.

[0073] In another embodiment, a first limiting structure can be provided on the friction plate 1312, and a second limiting structure can be provided on the electromagnetic base 111. The first and second limiting structures can be serrated strips. When the electromagnetic coil 112 is energized and generates magnetism, the friction plate 1312 moves towards the electromagnetic base 111 under the action of magnetic attraction through the elastic deformation of the connecting rib 1313 until the second friction surface 1310 is tightly attracted to the first friction surface 1110 of the electromagnetic base 111. At the same time, as the mounting base 133 rotates initially with the electromagnetic base 111, the first limiting structure on the friction plate 1312 and the second limiting structure on the electromagnetic base 111 precisely engage. The circumferential limiting between the friction plate 1312 and the electromagnetic base 111 is achieved through the meshing of the serrated strips, ensuring that the mounting base 133 and the electromagnetic base 111 rotate synchronously, thereby driving the aperture disk 20 to be precisely adjusted to the target position. In this way, the friction plate 1312 is further circumferentially limited on the basis of the magnetic fixation of the electromagnetic base 111, which greatly improves the reliability of power transmission between the friction plate 1312 and the electromagnetic base 111, avoids the relative slippage problem that may occur when relying solely on friction, and ensures the accuracy and synchronization of the rotation adjustment of the aperture plate 20; the meshing structure of the serrated rack has strong load-bearing capacity and high positioning accuracy, which can adapt to the transmission requirements of high frequency and high torque, while not affecting the smoothness of clutch switching when the electromagnetic coil 112 is energized and de-energized; the overall design does not require the addition of additional complex components, and the transmission stability can be enhanced by structural optimization alone, taking into account both structural simplicity and operational reliability, and further improving the adaptability of the aperture switching device 100 in high-precision machining scenarios.

[0074] Understandably, please refer to Figure 1The aperture switching device 100 also includes a base 60, a sensor 40, and a sensing structure 50. The sensor 40 can be mounted on the base 60, and the sensing structure 50 can be mounted on the aperture disk 20, or the sensor 40 can be mounted on the aperture disk 20, and the sensing structure 50 can be mounted on the base 60. The sensor 40 is used to detect whether the sensing structure 50 has reached a preset relative position relative to the sensor 40. Understandably, when the sensor 40 is mounted on the base 60 and the sensing structure 50 is mounted on the aperture disk 20, when the sensing structure 50 moves to a specific position as the aperture disk 20 rotates, this specific position is a preset relative position relative to the sensor 40. At this point, the sensor 40 can detect that the sensing structure 50 has reached its position. Similarly, when the sensor 40 is mounted on the aperture disk 20 and the sensing structure 50 is mounted on the base 60, when the sensor 40 moves to a specific position as the aperture 80 rotates, this specific position is a preset relative position relative to the sensing structure 50. At this point, the sensor 40 can detect that the sensing structure 50 has reached its position. The preset relative position serves as the zero point for the rotation of the aperture disk 20.

[0075] In the following embodiments, the sensor 40 is disposed on the base 60 and the sensing structure 50 is disposed on the aperture plate 20 as an example.

[0076] When the sensing structure 50 reaches the preset relative position, the through hole 201 on the aperture disk 20 equipped with the sensing structure 50 is located in the optical path. For non-target aperture disks 20, the corresponding electromagnetic coil 112 is energized in sequence, driving the corresponding aperture disk 20 to rotate; when the through hole 201 on the non-target aperture disk 20 rotates to align with the optical path, the sensor 40 detects that the sensing structure 50 has reached the preset relative position and sends a sensing signal. The external controller receives the sensing signal and controls the electromagnetic coil 112 to be de-energized. The aperture disk 20 stops at the position where the through hole 201 aligns with the optical path (i.e., the zero point position) under the clutch reset action. After all non-target aperture disks 20 have rotated to the zero point position, the electromagnetic coil 112 corresponding to the target aperture disk 20 is energized, and the drive mechanism 30 drives the aperture disk 20 to rotate until the target aperture 801 is precisely aligned with the optical path. At this time, the electromagnetic coil 112 remains energized, and through magnetic attraction, the target aperture 801 is stably locked in the optical path, ensuring that the laser beam passes only through the target aperture 801. This operation process, through the linkage control of the sensor 40 and the electromagnetic coil 112, realizes the automated positioning and locking of the zero point position of the non-target aperture disk 20, ensuring that its through hole 201 is accurately aligned with the optical path without interfering with the beam. The target aperture disk 20, in turn, is kept in place by the continuous energization of the electromagnetic coil 112, ensuring the reliability of beam control. The entire process requires no manual intervention, which not only improves the automation and positioning accuracy of the coordinated adjustment of multiple aperture disks 20, but also avoids motion interference between aperture disks 20 through step-by-step control, significantly shortening the optical path debugging time. At the same time, the clear definition of the zero point position and the precise feedback of the sensor 40 reduce beam loss or processing errors caused by position deviation, balancing operational efficiency and control stability.

[0077] It should be noted that multiple sensors 40 may be provided, with each sensor 40 corresponding one-to-one with each clutch disc 131, so that each sensor 40 only senses whether one clutch disc 131 has reached the zero position, avoiding interference from other clutch discs 131. Of course, in other embodiments, a sensor 40 may also sense whether the positions of at least two clutch discs 131 are at the zero position; this is not a limitation.

[0078] The sensor 40 detects whether the sensing structure 50 has reached the preset relative position in the following ways: including but not limited to photoelectric sensing, mechanical triggering, magnetic sensing, visual recognition, and coded positioning. No restrictions are imposed here.

[0079] Depending on the type of sensing structure 50, the detection methods by which the sensor 40 detects whether the sensing structure 50 on the aperture disk 20 has reached the preset relative position include the following two:

[0080] As one of the detection methods, please refer to Figure 1The sensing structure 50 emits a detection signal, and the sensor 40 receives the detection signal. When the sensor 40 receives the detection signal, it determines that the sensing structure 50 has reached a preset relative position. When the sensor 40 senses the detection signal, the surface aperture disk 20 reaches the zero point position, the sensor 40 outputs a sensing signal, and the external controller controls the corresponding electromagnetic coil 112 to de-energize. If the sensor 40 does not sense the detection signal, it indicates that the aperture disk 20 has not reached the zero point position and needs continuous adjustment. It is worth noting that after the aperture disk 20 initially reaches the zero point position and the electromagnetic coil 112 is de-energized, the sensor 40 continues to sense the signal. During laser processing, if the sensor 40 subsequently fails to detect the detection signal (i.e., the aperture disk 20 deviates from the zero point position), it will immediately send a reset signal, triggering the corresponding electromagnetic coil 112 to re-energize and drive the aperture disk 20 to rotate again to the zero point position that the sensing structure 50 can detect. This reset calibration process can be repeated cyclically. The detection signal can be an optical signal, an electromagnetic signal, an ultrasonic signal, etc.

[0081] As another detection method, sensor 40 can emit a detection signal, and sensing structure 50 can change the propagation state of the detection signal. Sensor 40 can also receive the detection signal and detect whether sensing structure 50 has reached a preset relative position based on the change in the propagation state of the detection signal. The ways in which sensing structure 50 changes the propagation state of the detection signal include, but are not limited to, interrupting the propagation path of the detection signal and allowing the detection signal to continue propagating along the original propagation path. Sensing structure 50 can be a physical structure. When it is located on the propagation path of the light signal, it can reflect the detection signal through its own reflective material. In this case, sensor 40 receives the reflected detection signal from sensing structure 50, thus determining that sensing structure 50 has reached the preset relative position. Sensing structure 50 can also avoid the detection signal through its own perforated structure (such as a hole structure), allowing the detection signal to continue propagating along the original propagation path. Alternatively, it can absorb the detection signal through its own absorbing material, interrupting the propagation path of the detection signal. In this case, sensor 40 cannot receive the reflected detection signal from sensing structure 50, or the received reflected detection signal is reduced, thus determining that sensing structure 50 has reached the preset relative position. Setting the sensing structure 50 as a physical structure significantly reduces the complexity and cost of the device. It eliminates the need for additional power supply units, signal processing modules, and wiring for the sensing structure 50, avoiding potential issues like unstable power supply and signal interference that can occur with multi-module collaborative operation. This greatly improves the overall system's stability and fault tolerance. Simultaneously, the physical structure offers stronger environmental adaptability, superior vibration resistance, high-temperature resistance, and electromagnetic interference resistance. It is less affected by complex working conditions such as laser processing and has a longer service life. Furthermore, the processing and installation of the sensing structure 50 as a physical structure are simpler. No complex parameter calibration is required; accurate detection can be achieved simply by matching structural dimensions. This results in low maintenance costs and flexible adaptation to various light signal alteration methods, such as reflection, absorption, and avoidance, further expanding its compatibility with different types of photosensitive sensors 40. The detected signal can be optical, electromagnetic, or ultrasonic.

[0082] Understandably, the aperture switching device 100 also includes multiple counterweights, each connected to an aperture disk 20. The aperture disk 20 has a through hole 201, with the counterweight and the through hole 201 located on opposite sides of the aperture disk 20 radially. In other words, the connection between the through hole 201 and the counterweight passes through the shaft 12. Thus, the gravity of the counterweights allows the aperture disk 20 to automatically return to its zero position (through hole 201 aligned with the optical path) without the need for the drive mechanism 30. This significantly simplifies the reset process for non-target aperture disks 20, reduces the frequency of start-stop operations and energy consumption of the drive mechanism 30, and lowers equipment operating costs. Simultaneously, the gravity reset method provides a direct and stable response, avoiding positioning deviations that may occur with reliance on the drive mechanism 30 or complex electronically controlled resets. This improves the accuracy and reliability of zero-point position return, reduces mechanical wear on the clutch assembly 13, and extends the device's lifespan. Furthermore, this design eliminates the need for additional reset drive components, achieving both structural simplicity and spatial adaptability, and further optimizing the automation performance and operating efficiency of the multi-aperture 20 switching system.

[0083] As an alternative implementation, the difference from the above implementation is that the aperture switching device 100 can also omit the sensor 40 and the counterweight, and instead be equipped with a snap-fit ​​structure composed of a first snap-fit ​​member and a second snap-fit ​​member. The first snap-fit ​​member is installed on the aperture disk 20, and the second snap-fit ​​member is fixed to an external structural component independent of the aperture disk 20 and the rotating mechanism 10. When the driving mechanism 30 drives the aperture disk 20 to rotate until the through hole 201 aligns with the optical path (zero position), the first snap-fit ​​member and the second snap-fit ​​member undergo slight elastic deformation under the driving force and snap into each other, causing the aperture disk 20 to stably remain at this position. The external controller can determine that the aperture disk 20 has reached the zero position by sensing the change in external force generated during the snap-fit ​​process (such as by sensing changes in current), and then controls the corresponding electromagnetic coil 112 to be de-energized. When it is necessary to adjust the aperture plate 20 to align the target aperture 801 with the optical path, simply energize the electromagnetic coil 112. The drive mechanism 30 outputs driving force to disengage the first and second locking components, allowing the aperture plate 20 to rotate normally with the shaft 12 until the target aperture 801 is precisely aligned. This alternative locking structure achieves mechanical positioning and locking of the aperture plate 20 at its zero point without the need for the sensor 40 and counterweights through the elastic locking engagement of the first and second locking components, significantly simplifying the device structure and reducing manufacturing costs and assembly complexity. The drive mechanism 30 determines the positioning status by sensing changes in external force, eliminating the need for additional detection components and simplifying the control logic. The slight elastic deformation design of the locking components ensures reliable positioning while avoiding rigid impacts during the locking process. Unlocking only requires energizing the electromagnetic coil 112 to provide driving force for easy separation and smooth switching. The overall structure does not rely on electronic monitoring and gravity reset, has stronger anti-interference capabilities, is suitable for harsh processing environments, and takes into account both positioning accuracy and ease of operation.

[0084] As another alternative implementation, the difference from the above implementation is that the electromagnetic coil 112 can also be disposed on the friction plate 1312, and the electromagnetic base 111 is made of ferromagnetic metal. After the electromagnetic coil 112 is energized, the friction plate 1312 can achieve magnetic attraction between the electromagnetic coil 112 and the electromagnetic base 111 through the elastic deformation of the connecting rib 1313. This solution retains the core advantages of the original solution, such as convenient clutch switching and reliable transmission, while flexibly adjusting the installation layout of the electromagnetic components to adapt to different device structural space requirements.

[0085] As an alternative implementation, the difference from the above implementation is that the clutch disc 131 can not be deformed, the mounting base 133 can slide along the axial direction of the shaft 12, and the clutch assembly 13 also includes an elastic element that can be connected between the mounting base 133 and the electromagnetic base 111. When the electromagnetic coil 112 is energized and generates magnetism, it will apply an axial magnetic attraction force to the clutch disc 131. Under the action of this magnetic attraction force, the mounting base 133 overcomes the elastic force of the elastic element and slides towards the electromagnetic base 111 until the clutch disc 131 and the electromagnetic base 111 are tightly magnetically attracted together. At this time, the elastic element is in a compressed state. The drive mechanism 30 drives the shaft 12 to rotate, and through the magnetic attraction force between the electromagnetic base 111 and the clutch disc 131, it drives the mounting base 133 and the aperture disc 20 to rotate synchronously until the target aperture 801 or the through hole 201 is aligned with the optical path. When the aperture plate 20 reaches the target position and the electromagnetic coil 112 is de-energized, the magnetic attraction disappears. Under the elastic restoring force of the elastic element, the mounting base 133 slides in the opposite direction along the shaft 12, away from the electromagnetic base 111 and returning to its initial position. This allows the connecting piece 11 to switch to the unlocked state with the corresponding clutch plate 131, while the aperture plate 20 remains stationary at the target position. This alternative implementation, by making the clutch plate 131 a non-deformable structure and changing the mounting base 133 to an axially sliding type, combined with the coordinated design of the elastic element and the electromagnetic coil 112, retains the core advantages of single-motor drive and rapid clutch switching, while avoiding the transmission method that relies on the elastic deformation of the clutch plate 131, thus improving the structural stability and fatigue resistance of the clutch assembly 13. The axial sliding of the mounting base 133, combined with the compression and restoring of the elastic element, achieves a smooth switching between magnetic attraction and separation. The balanced design of magnetic attraction and elastic force ensures tight engagement during transmission and rapid reset after power failure, reducing switching shock. Meanwhile, the non-deformable clutch disc 131 reduces the material elasticity requirements and processing difficulty, and the axial sliding mounting base 133's structural design makes it easier to achieve high-precision positioning. The overall solution takes into account transmission reliability, smooth switching, and easy structural processing.

[0086] As another alternative implementation, unlike the above implementation, the connecting member 11 may not include an electromagnetic coil 112. Instead, the clutch disc 131 and the connecting member 11 are connected via an electric drive mechanism. For example, this electric drive mechanism can be a toggle mechanism that moves the clutch disc 131 toward the connecting member 11 when the target aperture disc 20 needs adjustment, until a transmission connection is established between the clutch disc 131 and the connecting member 11. After the target aperture disc 20 is adjusted to its position, the toggle mechanism moves the clutch disc 131 away from the connecting member 11 until the transmission connection between the clutch disc 131 and the connecting member 11 is disengaged. This alternative implementation simplifies the structural design of the clutch assembly 13, reduces the cost and potential for failure associated with electromagnetic components, and allows for precise control of the clutch disc 131's movement trajectory via an electric drive mechanism. This ensures accurate and rapid state switching between the clutch disc 131 and the connecting member 11, guaranteeing the accuracy and efficiency of the aperture disc 20's position adjustment. Meanwhile, the electric actuator operates stably and is easy to maintain, without relying on the complex control logic of electromagnetic adsorption, which reduces the overall maintenance difficulty and cost of the equipment.

[0087] Of course, in other embodiments, the movement of the mounting base 133 can also be achieved manually, and this is not a limitation here. The connection between the connector 11 and the clutch disc 131 can also be achieved by changing the shape of a structure such as a mechanical gripper, and this is not a limitation here.

[0088] The above are merely preferred embodiments of this application, and only specifically describe the technical principles of this application. These descriptions are only for explaining the principles of this application and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this application in any way. Based on this explanation, any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this application, as well as other specific embodiments of this application that can be conceived by those skilled in the art without creative effort, should be included within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. An aperture switching device, characterized by, The shutter switching device comprises a rotating mechanism and a plurality of diaphragm plates, the diaphragm plates are arranged at intervals along the extension direction of the light path, at least one through hole and a plurality of mounting holes are arranged on the diaphragm plate in sequence along the circumference of the diaphragm plate, the mounting holes are used for mounting diaphragms, the diaphragm plates are mounted on the rotating mechanism and can rotate through the rotating mechanism, and the diaphragm plates can be rotated to make the through hole or the light transmission hole of the diaphragm mounted on the mounting hole located on the light path.

2. The aperture switching device of claim 1, wherein At least one through hole and a plurality of mounting holes are arranged at equal central angles along the circumference of the diaphragm plate.

3. The aperture switching device of claim 1, wherein The rotation axes of the plurality of diaphragm plates coincide and are parallel to the extension direction of the light path.

4. The aperture switching device of claim 1, wherein The shutter switching device further comprises a driving mechanism connected to the rotating mechanism and used for driving the rotating mechanism to rotate.

5. The shuttering device of claim 1, wherein, The rotating mechanism comprises a shaft and a plurality of clutch assemblies. The clutch assembly comprises a clutch disc movably sleeved on the shaft, and each diaphragm plate is connected to a clutch disc. A plurality of connecting pieces are arranged on the shaft, and each connecting piece and the corresponding clutch disc are arranged one by one. When any connecting piece and the corresponding clutch disc are in the locked state, the shaft and the clutch disc are in transmission connection, so that the shaft drives the clutch disc to rotate.

6. The aperture switching device of claim 5, wherein, When any connecting piece and the corresponding clutch disc are in the unlocked state, the connecting piece and the clutch disc are separated, so that the transmission connection between the shaft and the clutch disc is released.

7. The aperture switching device of claim 6, wherein, The connecting piece comprises an electromagnetic base connected to the shaft and an electromagnetic coil connected to the electromagnetic base.

8. The aperture switching device of claim 7, wherein, The clutch disc can be magnetically attracted to the electromagnetic base in the energized state of the electromagnetic coil, so that the connecting piece and the corresponding clutch disc are in the locked state.

9. The aperture switching device of claim 7, wherein, The clutch disc can be separated from the electromagnetic base in the de-energized state of the electromagnetic coil, so that the connecting piece and the corresponding clutch disc are in the unlocked state. The clutch disc comprises a fixed sheet, a friction sheet and a connecting rib. The fixed sheet is movably sleeved on the shaft and spaced from the electromagnetic base. The friction sheet is connected to the fixed sheet through the connecting rib. The second friction surface of the friction sheet can be magnetically attracted to the first friction surface of the electromagnetic base through the elastic deformation of the connecting rib in the energized state of the electromagnetic coil. The clutch assembly further comprises a mounting seat and a bearing seat. The bearing seat is sleeved on the shaft, and the mounting seat is sleeved on the bearing seat. The fixed sheet is fixedly connected to the mounting seat. The fixed sheet and the friction sheet are annular, coaxially nested and spaced apart. A plurality of connecting ribs are arranged between the friction sheet and the fixed sheet and are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the fixed sheet.

10. The shuttering device of claim 1, wherein, The diaphragm switching device further comprises a base, a sensor and a sensing structure, the sensor or the sensing structure is arranged on the diaphragm disc, the other of the sensor and the sensing structure is arranged on the base, the sensor is used for detecting whether the sensing structure reaches a preset relative position relative to the sensor, and the preset relative position is used as a zero position of rotation of the diaphragm disc.

11. The aperture switching device of claim 10, wherein, The detection manner of the sensor for detecting whether the sensing structure on the diaphragm disc reaches the preset relative position comprises any one of the following: The sensing structure can emit a detection signal, the sensor can receive the detection signal, and when the sensor receives the detection signal, it is determined that the sensing structure reaches the preset relative position; The sensing structure can emit a detection signal, the sensor can change the propagation state of the detection signal, and when the propagation state of the detection signal of the sensing structure is changed, it is determined that the sensing structure reaches the preset relative position.

12. The shuttering device of claim 1, wherein, The number of through holes on the diaphragm disc is one, the diaphragm switching device further comprises a plurality of counterweights, each of the counterweights is connected to one of the diaphragm discs, and the counterweight and the through hole are located on two sides of the diaphragm disc in the radial direction respectively.

13. A laser apparatus, characterized by comprising: The diaphragm switching device comprises a laser and a diaphragm switching device according to any one of claims 1 to 12, the laser is used for emitting a laser beam, and each diaphragm disc can be rotated to make the light transmission hole of each diaphragm or the diaphragm mounted on each mounting hole located on the light path of the laser beam.

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