High-precision self-adaptive numerical control machine tool
By collecting the temperature of the electric spindle and coolant in real time on the CNC machine tool, and combining the thermal conduction model to dynamically predict the thermal expansion and compensate the Z-axis position in real time, the problem of excessive thermal expansion of the electric spindle is solved, and the machining accuracy is improved.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-03-27
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-24
AI Technical Summary
During precision machining on CNC machine tools, the electric spindle may experience excessive thermal expansion due to thermal expansion, affecting machining accuracy. Traditional static temperature compensation methods cannot effectively cope with ambient temperature fluctuations and temperature changes during machining intervals.
Temperature sensors are used to collect the temperature of the electric spindle and coolant in real time. Combined with a heat conduction model, the thermal expansion of the spindle is dynamically predicted. Data interaction is achieved through RS485 bus to compensate for the Z-axis position in real time and dynamically adapt to temperature changes.
It effectively solves the machining error caused by excessive spindle axial elongation during the cold start phase, improves machining accuracy, and achieves real-time adaptation to ambient temperature fluctuations and machining intervals.
Smart Images
Figure CN224027126U_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The utility model discloses a high accuracy self -adaptation numerical control machine tool belongs to mechanical equipment technical field. BACKGROUND
[0002] In the precision machining process of numerical control machine tool, as the core power component, the running stability of electric spindle directly influences machining accuracy, however, under high speed rotation working condition, electric spindle can cause internal temperature gradient change due to bearing friction heat, motor winding temperature rise and cutting load and other factors, cause thermal expansion effect of metal material, form heat elongation, especially in cold start stage, the axial elongation of main shaft can reach 6-7 silk when it rises from normal temperature to stable running temperature, this deformation amount far exceeds the tolerance requirement in precision machining, causes the relative position deviation of tool and workpiece, directly influences the machining accuracy of key dimension such as hole position, contour.
[0003] And in the prior art, although the spindle temperature rise can be alleviated by optimizing bearing lubrication, enhancing cooling system and other ways, but it is still difficult to completely eliminate the influence of inherent physical properties of material thermal expansion on accuracy, the traditional temperature compensation method is mostly static correction based on measurement before machining, but environmental temperature fluctuation, processing intermittent period temperature return and other factors have uncertainty, static correction is not enough to achieve satisfactory effect, therefore, in order to solve this problem, a new scheme needs to be proposed. CONTENT OF UTILITY MODEL
[0004] The utility model discloses a high accuracy self -adaptation numerical control machine tool can solve the above -mentioned problem.
[0005] The utility model discloses a high accuracy self -adaptation numerical control machine tool, including the frame, the frame is slidably arranged with gantry, the gantry is slidably arranged with processing assembly, the processing assembly includes the mounting bracket, electric spindle and refrigerant spray pipe, the mounting bracket is slidably arranged in the gantry, the electric spindle is arranged on the mounting bracket, the refrigerant spray pipe is arranged on the electric spindle, the electric spindle is internally provided with temperature sensor no.
[0006] Preferably, the electric spindle includes a spindle box, the spindle box is provided with an opening, the opening is provided with a mounting cover, and the temperature sensor no.
[0007] Preferably, the head side of the refrigerant spray pipe is provided with a mounting lug, and the temperature sensor no.
[0008] Preferably, the data detection assembly comprises a temperature transmitter and a frequency converter, both of which are fixed inside the rack, the temperature transmitter is connected with the temperature sensor one and the temperature sensor two, and the frequency converter is connected with the motor of the motorized spindle.
[0009] Preferably, the numerical control center adopts a CNC control system, and the temperature transmitter and the frequency converter are connected with the numerical control center through an RS485 bus.
[0010] Preferably, the rack is hinged with a door plate, and the temperature transmitter and the frequency converter are arranged behind the door plate.
[0011] Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the beneficial effects that:
[0012] Through real-time collection of the temperature of the motorized spindle, the outlet temperature of the cooling liquid, the current and rotating speed of the motorized spindle and other parameters, dynamic prediction of the thermal elongation of the spindle is realized in combination with a heat conduction model, data interaction is realized based on an RS485 bus, the Z-axis is compensated in real time, compared with a traditional static correction method, the effect of real-time dynamic adaptation to environmental temperature fluctuation and temperature change during processing intervals is achieved, and the processing error problem caused by the excessive spindle axial elongation during the cold start stage is effectively solved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0013] Fig. 1 It is a structural schematic view of the utility model;
[0014] Fig. 2 It is a structural schematic view of the utility model;
[0015] Fig. 3 It is a structural schematic view of the utility model.
[0016] The drawing mark: 1, the rack; 2, the portal frame; 3, processing assembly; 4, mounting bracket; 5, motorized spindle; 6, coolant spray pipe; 7, temperature sensor one; 8, temperature sensor two; 9, numerical control center; 10, spindle box; 11, opening; 12, mounting cover; 13, mounting lug; 14, temperature transmitter; 15, frequency converter; 16, door plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0017] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the description of the present utility model, it should be understood that the terms "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship, are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the convenience of describing the present utility model and simplifying the description. They do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the present utility model. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present utility model.
[0018] A high-precision adaptive CNC machine tool, such as Figs. 1-3 As shown, the system includes a frame 1, a gantry 2 slidably mounted on the frame 1, and a processing assembly 3 slidably mounted on the gantry 2. The processing assembly 3 includes a mounting frame 4, an electric spindle 5, and a refrigerant nozzle 6. The mounting frame 4 is slidably mounted on the gantry 2, the electric spindle 5 is mounted on the mounting frame 4, and the refrigerant nozzle 6 is mounted on the electric spindle 5. The specific connection structure and connection position of the gantry 2, mounting frame 4, electric spindle 5, and refrigerant nozzle 6 can be changed according to actual needs and equipment model.
[0019] A temperature sensor 7 is installed inside the electric spindle 5. Specifically, a PT100 temperature sensor can be used. The electric spindle 5 includes a spindle housing 10, and the spindle housing 10 is provided with an opening 11. A mounting cover 12 is provided on the opening 11. The temperature sensor 7 is installed inside the mounting cover 12. The temperature sensor 7 can detect the temperature inside the electric spindle 5 through the opening 11.
[0020] A temperature sensor 2 8 is installed on the refrigerant nozzle 6. It can also be a PT100 temperature sensor. A mounting protrusion 13 is provided on one side of the head of the refrigerant nozzle 6. The temperature sensor 2 8 is engaged with the mounting protrusion 13. The sensing end of the temperature sensor 2 8 is close to the nozzle of the refrigerant nozzle 6 and can sense the temperature of the coolant outlet.
[0021] The rack 1 is provided with a data detection assembly, the data detection assembly comprises a temperature transmitter 14 and a frequency converter 15, and the temperature transmitter 14 and the frequency converter 15 are both fixed in the interior of the rack 1, wherein the temperature transmitter 14 is connected with the temperature sensor one 7 and the temperature sensor two 8, can convert the temperature detected by the temperature sensor one 7 and the temperature sensor two 8 into a data signal for transmission, and the frequency converter 15 is connected with the motor of the motorized spindle 5, can detect the motor current of the motorized spindle 5 and transmit data, and the rack 1 is hingedly provided with a door plate 16, the temperature transmitter 14 and the frequency converter 15 are arranged behind the door plate 16, and the door plate 16 makes the adjustment and maintenance of the temperature transmitter 14 and the frequency converter 15 more convenient for the operator.
[0022] The rack 1 is provided with a numerical control center 9, and the numerical control center 9 adopts a CNC control system, the temperature transmitter 14 and the frequency converter 15 are connected with the numerical control center 9 through an RS485 bus, can transmit the temperature of the spindle box 10, the temperature of the cooling liquid outlet and the motor current of the motorized spindle 5 into the system, the CNC control system can establish a thermal elongation model in combination with the current spindle speed, and the current spindle thermal elongation amount can be calculated in real time through the thermal elongation model, the motorized spindle 5 is controlled in the Z-axis direction according to the current thermal elongation amount, so that the machining precision is improved, compared with the traditional static correction method, the effect of real-time dynamic adaptation to the environmental temperature fluctuation and the temperature change during the machining interval is achieved, and the machining error problem caused by the excessive spindle axial elongation in the cold start stage is effectively solved.
[0023] It is obvious for those skilled in the art that the utility model is not limited to the details of the above-mentioned exemplary embodiments, and the utility model can be realized in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or basic characteristics of the utility model. Therefore, no matter from which point of view, the embodiments should be regarded as exemplary and non-limiting, the scope of the utility model is defined by the appended claims instead of the above description, and therefore all changes falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims are intended to be included in the utility model. Any figure reference in the claims should not be regarded as limiting the involved claims.
[0024] In addition, it should be understood that, although the present specification is described in terms of embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution, and the description manner of the specification is only for the sake of clarity, those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be properly combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims
1. A high-precision adaptive CNC machine tool, comprising a frame (1), a gantry (2) slidably mounted on the frame (1), and a machining assembly (3) slidably mounted on the gantry (2), characterized in that: The processing component (3) includes a mounting frame (4), an electric spindle (5), and a refrigerant nozzle (6). The mounting frame (4) is slidably mounted on the gantry frame (2). The electric spindle (5) is mounted on the mounting frame (4). The refrigerant nozzle (6) is mounted on the electric spindle (5). A temperature sensor (7) is installed inside the electric spindle (5). A temperature sensor (8) is installed on the refrigerant nozzle (6). A data detection component is installed inside the frame (1). A CNC center (9) is installed on one side of the frame (1).
2. The high-precision adaptive CNC machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electric spindle (5) includes a spindle housing (10), an opening (11) is provided on the spindle housing (10), a mounting cover (12) is provided on the opening (11), and the temperature sensor (7) is disposed inside the mounting cover (12).
3. A high-precision adaptive CNC machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The head of the refrigerant nozzle (6) is provided with a mounting protrusion (13), and the temperature sensor (8) is engaged with the mounting protrusion (13).
4. A high-precision adaptive CNC machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data detection component includes a temperature transmitter (14) and a frequency converter (15). The temperature transmitter (14) and the frequency converter (15) are both fixed inside the frame (1). The temperature transmitter (14) is connected to temperature sensor one (7) and temperature sensor two (8). The frequency converter (15) is connected to the electric spindle (5) motor.
5. A high-precision adaptive CNC machine tool according to claim 4, characterized in that: The numerical control center (9) adopts a CNC control system, and the temperature transmitter (14) and frequency converter (15) are connected to the numerical control center (9) via RS485 bus.
6. A high-precision adaptive CNC machine tool according to claim 4, characterized in that: A door panel (16) is hinged to the frame (1), and the temperature transmitter (14) and frequency converter (15) are located behind the door panel (16).