Blast hole structure for improving blasting excavation flatness of rock foundation surface

Abstract

The utility model discloses a blast hole structure for improving the blasting excavation flatness of a rock foundation surface, which comprises a rock excavation foundation, a plurality of blast holes are arranged on the rock excavation foundation, a blasting assembly is arranged in each blast hole, the blasting assembly comprises a detonator, a detonator lead is arranged on the detonator, and the detonator lead is connected with the blasting assembly. The detonator leads extend outwards along the inner wall of the blast hole, the detonator leads are connected with the auxiliary leads, the auxiliary leads are connected with the main lead, and the main lead is connected with the trigger through the encoder; according to the blast hole structure for improving the blasting excavation flatness of the rock foundation surface, the dam foundation surface can be prevented from being damaged during blasting, the flatness of the foundation surface is guaranteed, the size of rock blocks can be reduced after blasting, the lumpiness is more uniform, the blasting efficiency is improved, the rock excavation progress is accelerated, and the blast hole structure is suitable for application and popularization.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of dam foundation construction technology, and in particular to a blast hole structure for improving the flatness of rock foundation excavation. Background Technology

[0002] The excavation method for the foundation protective layer of hydraulic structures directly affects the quality, progress, and efficiency of the project. Advanced and reliable excavation methods can not only shorten the straight-line construction period and reduce project costs, but also ensure the safe and reliable operation of the structures. Currently, the problems of long construction period and high cost in dam foundation protective layer excavation have not been well resolved, making it one of the challenges in hydraulic foundation excavation.

[0003] Currently available technologies generally include layered excavation, controlled blasting, static crushing, and mechanical excavation. Layered excavation requires reserving a 2-3m protective layer for secondary excavation, resulting in a long construction period and increased costs. Static crushing technology requires a large amount of expanding agent and the reaction takes several hours to several days, significantly extending the construction period. It is only suitable for medium and low strength rocks. Mechanical excavation is slow, and the costs of equipment rental and energy consumption are high, making it unsuitable for large-scale dam foundation excavation projects.

[0004] Existing technologies generally employ controlled blasting, including pre-splitting blasting, horizontal smooth blasting, and micro-delay blasting. These blasting operations are typically carried out inside the blast holes. However, the current blast hole structure cannot guarantee the flatness of the foundation surface during blasting, and the blasted rocks are large and uneven, making it inconvenient for subsequent rock excavation, resulting in unsatisfactory performance. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this utility model is to solve the above-mentioned problems by providing a blast hole structure that can avoid damage to the foundation surface of the dam during blasting, ensure the flatness of the foundation surface, reduce the size of the boulders after blasting, make the boulders more uniform in size, improve the blasting efficiency, and accelerate the progress of rock excavation, thereby improving the flatness of the rock foundation surface during blasting excavation.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of this utility model is as follows: a blast hole structure for improving the flatness of blasting excavation of rock foundation surface, including a rock excavation foundation, wherein multiple blast holes are opened on the rock excavation foundation, and each blast hole is provided with a blasting component, wherein the blasting component includes a detonator, wherein the detonator is provided with a detonator lead wire, and the detonator lead wire extends outward along the inner wall of the blast hole.

[0007] Preferably, multiple detonator leads are connected to auxiliary leads, which are connected to main leads, and the main leads are connected to the detonator via an encoder.

[0008] Preferably, a flexible sand pad is provided at the bottom of the blast hole, and an agglomeration cast iron sphere is provided above the flexible sand pad. The blasting component is located above the agglomeration cast iron sphere.

[0009] Preferably, the blasting assembly further includes an air spacer, a detonator, and two sets of explosives, with the two sets of explosives respectively located at the upper and lower ends of the air spacer, and the detonator located inside the explosives.

[0010] Preferably, the explosive comprises multiple cartridges, the outer diameter of the explosive and air separator is smaller than the inner diameter of the borehole, and the opening of the borehole is filled with stone powder, which fills the borehole through the gaps around the explosive and air separator.

[0011] Preferably, the thickness of the flexible sand cushion layer is 20cm, and the particle size of the flexible sand is 0.5-1mm.

[0012] Preferably, the multiple boreholes are equidistant from each other and arranged in a quincunx pattern.

[0013] Preferably, the borehole is 0.3m deep.

[0014] This utility model discloses a blast hole structure for improving the flatness of blasting excavation of rock foundation surfaces. It includes a rock excavation foundation with multiple blast holes. Each blast hole contains a blasting assembly, which includes a detonator with a detonator lead wire extending outward along the inner wall of the blast hole. Multiple detonator leads are connected to auxiliary leads, which are connected to a main lead wire. The main lead wire is connected to a detonator via an encoder. Compared with existing technologies, this blast hole structure for improving the flatness of blasting excavation of rock foundation surfaces has the advantages of preventing damage to the dam foundation surface during blasting, ensuring the flatness of the foundation surface, reducing the size of boulders after blasting, making the boulders more uniform, improving blasting efficiency, and accelerating the progress of rock excavation. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is an overall schematic diagram of a blast hole structure for improving the flatness of rock foundation surface during blasting excavation, according to the present invention.

[0016] Figure 2 This utility model Figure 1 The main view.

[0017] Figure 3 This utility model Figure 1 Top view.

[0018] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the blasting component in a borehole structure for improving the flatness of rock foundation excavation.

[0019] In the diagram: 1. Rock excavation foundation; 2. Blast hole; 3. Blasting assembly; 31. Flexible sand cushion; 32. Agglomerated cast iron sphere; 33. Explosive; 34. Detonator; 35. Air separator; 36. Stone chips; 4. Detonator lead; 5. Secondary lead; 6. Main lead. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The drawings are simplified schematic diagrams, illustrating only the basic structure of the present invention, and therefore only show the components relevant to the present invention.

[0021] Please refer to Figure 1-4 A blast hole structure for improving the flatness of rock foundation surface during blasting excavation includes a rock excavation foundation 1, on which multiple blast holes 2 are opened. Each blast hole 2 is equipped with a blasting component 3, which includes a detonator 34. The detonator 34 is equipped with a detonator lead 4, which extends outward along the inner wall of the blast hole 2.

[0022] In this embodiment, the multiple blast holes 2 are equidistant from each other and arranged in a quincunx pattern, with a spacing of 2.5m between rows of blast holes, so as to achieve uniform blasting of the rock excavation foundation 1.

[0023] The extended detonator leads 4 are all connected to auxiliary leads 5, which are connected to main leads 6. The main leads 6 are connected to the detonator via an encoder.

[0024] The bottom of the borehole 2 is provided with a flexible sand pad 31, and an agglomeration cast iron sphere 32 is provided above the flexible sand pad 31. The blasting component 3 is located above the agglomeration cast iron sphere 32.

[0025] Please refer to it again. Figure 2 In this embodiment, the borehole 2 is 0.3m deep, that is, the bottom of the borehole 2 extends 0.3m below the foundation surface. The 0.3m depth is used to fill the flexible sand cushion layer 31 and place the agglomerated cast iron spheres 32.

[0026] The flexible sand pad 31 has a thickness of 20cm, the flexible sand has a particle size of 0.5-1mm, and the agglomerated cast iron sphere 32 has an outer diameter of 100mm. After the flexible sand pad 31 and the agglomerated cast iron sphere 32 are placed in the borehole 2, their internal height is flush with the foundation surface line.

[0027] When the blasting component 3 explodes, the flexible sand cushion layer 31 and the agglomerated cast iron sphere 32 can adjust the energy distribution of the explosion shock wave reflection and transmission, increase the proportion of energy used to break the rock mass, reduce the damage of the shock wave energy to the dam foundation, and thus protect the flatness of the dam foundation surface.

[0028] Please refer to it again. Figure 4The blasting assembly 3 also includes an air separator 35, a detonator 34, and two sets of explosives 33. The two sets of explosives 33 are respectively located at the upper and lower ends of the air separator 35. The detonator 34 is located inside the explosives 33, and the explosives 33 are detonated by the internal detonator.

[0029] In other words, the air spacer 35 divides the borehole 2 into upper and lower parts, and explosives 33 are placed in the upper and lower parts respectively. When detonated, the blasting waves generated by the upper and lower explosives in the gas spacer 35 in the borehole 2 reflect each other, and the shock wave changes direction and moves towards the bottom of the hole and the blocking surface (the borehole opening), thereby enhancing the uniform crushing of the rock excavation foundation 1, reducing the size of the rocks, making the rock size more uniform, saving the secondary crushing of the hydraulic hammer, improving the blasting efficiency, and accelerating the progress of rock excavation.

[0030] In this embodiment, the air spacer 35 is a BJK-90 pull-up type spacer. When in use, the spacer is first lowered to the predetermined position, and then air pressure is injected into the air spacer using a pressure gauge. After the pressure is reached, the air pipe is pulled hard to separate the air pipe from the air filling connector, and it can be fixed in the predetermined position inside the blast hole. Compared with conventional traditional spacers, this avoids the situation of getting stuck in the hole during the lowering process.

[0031] In addition, the explosive 33 includes multiple cartridges. The outer diameter of the explosive 33 and the air spacer 35 is smaller than the inner diameter of the borehole 2. The opening of the borehole 2 is filled with stone powder 36. The stone powder 36 fills the borehole 2 through the gaps around the explosive 33 and the air spacer 35, making the borehole dense.

[0032] Based on the above embodiments, the borehole 2 is drilled by a JK590 drilling machine with a diameter of 115mm, an extra depth of 30mm, and an outer diameter of 90mm for the explosive; that is to say, the outer diameters of the agglomerated cast iron sphere 32, the explosive 33, and the air separator 35 are all smaller than the inner diameter of the borehole 2.

[0033] When stone powder 36 is injected into borehole 2, the powder will enter the bottom of the hole by its own weight around the outer circumference of explosive 33 and air spacer 35. As stone powder 36 is continuously injected, the gaps around agglomerated cast iron ball 32, explosive 33 and air spacer 35 are completely filled, achieving a tight blockage of the borehole.

[0034] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely illustrative examples for clear explanation and are not intended to limit the implementation. Those skilled in the art will recognize that other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively list all possible implementations here. However, obvious variations or modifications derived therefrom are still within the protection scope of this invention.

Claims

1. A blast hole structure for improving the flatness of rock bench blasting, characterized in that, The rock excavation foundation comprises a plurality of blast holes, each of which is provided with a blasting assembly, and the blasting assembly comprises a detonator, and a detonator lead wire is arranged on the detonator, and the detonator lead wire extends outward along the inner wall of the blast hole.

2. The borehole structure for improving the flatness of rock bench blasting excavation according to claim 1, characterized in that, A plurality of detonator lead wires are connected to a secondary lead wire, the secondary lead wire is connected to a main lead wire, and the main lead wire is connected to a detonator through an encoder.

3. The borehole structure for improving the flatness of rock bench blasting excavation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom of the blast hole is provided with a flexible sand cushion layer, an air gap cast iron ball is arranged above the flexible sand cushion layer, and the blasting assembly is arranged above the air gap cast iron ball.

4. The borehole configuration for improving the flatness of rock bench blasting excavation according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The blasting assembly further comprises an air spacer, a detonator and two groups of explosives, the two groups of explosives are arranged at the upper and lower ends of the air spacer respectively, and the detonator is arranged in the explosives.

5. The borehole configuration for improving the flatness of rock bench blasting excavation according to claim 4, wherein, The explosives comprise a plurality of cartridges, the outer diameter of the explosives and the air spacer is smaller than the inner diameter of the blast hole, the opening of the blast hole is filled with stone chip powder, and the stone chip powder fills the blast hole through the gap around the explosives and the air spacer.

6. The borehole configuration for improving the flatness of rock bench blasting excavation according to claim 3, wherein, The thickness of the flexible sand cushion layer is 20 cm, and the particle size of the flexible sand is 0.5-1 mm.

7. The borehole configuration for improving the flatness of rock bench blasting excavation according to claim 1, wherein, A plurality of blast holes are arranged equidistantly and in a quincunx shape.

8. The borehole configuration for improving the flatness of rock bench blasting excavation according to claim 1, wherein, The blast hole is super deep by 0.3 m.

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