Light solid waste crushing device for construction site

Abstract

The utility model discloses a light solid waste crushing device for a construction site. The light solid waste crushing device for the construction site comprises a rack, a feeding bin, a crushing box, a power system, a discharging conveying mechanism and a dust suppression system. A pair of crushing rollers which rotate oppositely are arranged in the crushing box in parallel to form a crushing mechanism; the driven crushing roller is connected through an elastic buffer device, and a replaceable grid type sieve plate is arranged at the bottom of the driven crushing roller; the dust suppression system comprises a semi-closed cover which covers the feeding area and is provided with a spraying unit and a dust collection opening; and moving wheels are arranged at the bottom of the rack. The light solid waste crushing device for the construction site integrates the functions of double-tooth-roller crushing, particle size screening, multi-stage dust suppression and moving, is particularly suitable for treating light fragile building solid waste such as aerated concrete blocks, has the advantages of being high in crushing efficiency, good in dust control, uniform in discharging and convenient for transition operation in the construction site, and is suitable for popularization and application. And the problem of on-site crushing volume reduction is effectively solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of construction waste treatment technology, and in particular to a lightweight solid waste crushing device for construction sites. Background Technology

[0002] During construction and renovation, a large amount of lightweight construction solid waste, such as aerated concrete fragments and waste insulation materials, is generated. These materials have low density and large volume; direct removal would result in high transportation costs and occupy significant storage space. On-site crushing and volume reduction is an effective way to improve removal efficiency and reduce disposal costs.

[0003] Existing construction site crushing equipment, such as mobile jaw crushers and hammer crushers, is mainly designed for hard materials such as rocks. It has obvious shortcomings when processing lightweight and brittle solid waste: First, the power configuration is too high, resulting in energy waste due to "using a large horse to pull a small cart"; second, impact crushing easily generates a lot of dust, and the equipment itself lacks effective dust suppression design at the source, which has a significant impact on the construction site environment and personnel health; third, the output particle size is uncontrollable, making it difficult to meet the particle size requirements for subsequent resource utilization.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a lightweight solid waste crushing device for construction sites to solve the above-mentioned technical problems. Utility Model Content

[0005] In view of the above situation and to overcome the defects of the existing technology, this utility model provides a lightweight solid waste crushing device for construction sites that has the advantages of good dust suppression effect and is more suitable for crushing lightweight solid waste.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by this utility model is as follows:

[0007] A lightweight solid waste crushing device for construction sites includes: a frame, a feed hopper, a crushing chamber, a power system, a discharge conveying mechanism, and a dust suppression system. The feed hopper is located on the upper part of the frame, and its bottom communicates with the crushing chamber. A pair of opposing crushing rollers are arranged in parallel within the crushing chamber, forming the crushing mechanism. The discharge conveying mechanism is located below the crushing chamber. The dust suppression system includes a semi-enclosed hood, a spray unit, and a dust collection port. The semi-enclosed hood covers the feed area of ​​the feed hopper, the spray unit is located inside and above the semi-enclosed hood, and the dust collection port is located on the semi-enclosed hood and is used to connect to external dust collection equipment.

[0008] Preferably, the crushing mechanism includes an active crushing roller and a driven crushing roller, both rollers having crushing teeth on their surfaces, and the active crushing roller being connected to the power system via a main shaft.

[0009] Preferably, the bearing seats at both ends of the driven crushing roller are connected to the side wall of the crushing box through an elastic buffer device, so that the gap between the two rollers can be elastically adjusted according to the size of the material, thereby playing an overload protection role.

[0010] Preferably, the elastic buffer device is a guide rod structure fitted with a spring.

[0011] Preferably, the active crushing roller and the driven crushing roller are connected by a gear transmission box installed outside the crushing box.

[0012] Preferably, the discharge conveying mechanism is an inclined belt conveyor, with its lower end located directly below the discharge port of the crushing box.

[0013] Preferably, the bottom of the crushing box is provided with a retractable grid screen plate, which is located between the crushing roller and the discharge conveying mechanism to control the maximum particle size of the discharge.

[0014] Preferably, the spray unit includes a nozzle disposed within the semi-enclosed hood, and the water inlet end of the nozzle is used to connect an external water pump and a water tank.

[0015] Preferably, the feed hopper is provided with a guide plate that directs the material to the meshing area of ​​the two crushing rollers.

[0016] Preferably, the bottom of the frame is provided with casters and adjustable support feet.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0018] (1) This utility model adopts the double toothed roller crushing principle, which is particularly suitable for processing light and brittle construction solid waste. It has high crushing efficiency and relatively low energy consumption.

[0019] (2) This utility model, through the triple design of a semi-enclosed hood, an internal spray and an external dust collection port, can suppress and collect dust generated during the crushing process from the source, and significantly improve the working environment on the construction site;

[0020] (3) This utility model, through the setting of replaceable grid screen plates, can control the maximum particle size of the output, making the crushed material relatively uniform and convenient for subsequent use. The elastic buffer roller gap design can not only prevent overload damage to the equipment, but also adapt to the input of materials of different sizes;

[0021] (4) The present invention is equipped with a moving wheel and a support foot at the bottom, which makes it easy to move and fix in different locations within the construction site, and is very suitable for on-site processing needs. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the lightweight solid waste crushing device for construction sites provided by this utility model;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the semi-enclosed enclosure structure;

[0024] Figure 3 This is a top view schematic diagram of the crushing mechanism;

[0025] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram showing the installation position of the grid-type sieve plate;

[0026] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the feed hopper.

[0027] The corresponding names of the attached figures are as follows: 1-Frame; 2-Moving wheel; 3-Adjustable support foot; 4-Feed hopper; 5-Semi-enclosed cover; 6-Dust collection port; 7-Nozzle; 8-Crushing box; 9-Active crushing roller; 10-Driven crushing roller; 11-Guide plate; 13-Power system; 14-Sealed protective cover; 15-Elastic buffer device; 16-Grid screen plate; 17-Belt conveyor. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. The embodiments of the present invention include, but are not limited to, the following embodiments.

[0029] Example 1:

[0030] like Figure 1-4 As shown, the lightweight solid waste crushing device for construction sites provided by this utility model includes: a sturdy frame 1 welded from structural steel, providing support for the entire device. Four casters 2 and adjustable support feet 3 are respectively installed at the four corners of the bottom of the frame 1. The casters 2 are preferably swivel heavy-duty casters with brakes, facilitating dragging on uneven ground at the construction site; during operation, the device can be securely fixed to the ground by unscrewing the adjustable support feet 3 to lift the wheels off the ground.

[0031] The upper part of the frame 1 is sealed and welded with a feed hopper 4, which is used to receive light solid waste for crushing. The bottom outlet of the feed hopper 4 is directly connected to the top inlet of the crushing box 8 below. A guide plate 11 is installed obliquely on the inner wall of the feed hopper 4. The guide plate 11 can guide the input material to the middle meshing area of ​​the two crushing rollers in the crushing box 8 to avoid material accumulation or deviation.

[0032] The crushing box 8 is a sealed box structure, inside which a driving crushing roller 9 and a driven crushing roller 10 are installed horizontally and parallel. Both rollers are fitted with crushing teeth made of high-strength alloy steel, arranged in an alternating pattern. The driving crushing roller 9 is connected to a power system 13 fixed to the outside of the frame 1 or the crushing box 8 via a main shaft penetrating the box. The power system 13 includes an electric motor and a reducer. The driving crushing roller 9 and the driven crushing roller 10 rotate synchronously in opposite directions via a gear transmission box located outside the crushing box 8. The gear transmission box has a sealed protective cover on its outside to prevent dust intrusion, protect the gears, and extend their service life.

[0033] At the bottom opening of the crushing box 8, a removable grid-type screen plate 16 is installed. This screen plate 16 is made of wear-resistant steel plate and is covered with uniformly sized strip grids or round holes. The screen plate 16 is positioned between the crushing roller and the discharge conveyor below. Its function is to achieve "closed-circuit crushing": only materials smaller than the grid gaps of the screen plate 16 can fall through; materials larger than the gaps are blocked above the screen plate 16 and continue to be crushed by the crushing roller until they reach the required size before falling. By replacing the screen plates 16 with different gap sizes, the final discharge particle size can be flexibly controlled to meet different cleaning or utilization requirements.

[0034] The discharge conveyor is used to transport the crushed and qualified materials away from the equipment. In this embodiment, an inclined belt conveyor 17 is used. Its receiving end (lower end) is precisely located directly below the discharge port of the crushing box 8 (i.e., below the screen plate 16) to receive the falling crushed materials; its unloading end (higher end) extends a certain distance outside the equipment, which facilitates the direct loading of crushed materials onto trucks or unloading them to designated stockpiling points.

[0035] The dust suppression system includes a semi-enclosed hood 5 covering the feeding area of ​​the feed hopper 4. This hood is made of thin steel plate and has observation windows or maintenance doors on the sides (not shown in the figure). Multiple atomizing nozzles 7 are arranged around the top of the inner cavity of the semi-enclosed hood 5. These nozzles 7 are connected to an external water tank and water pump via pipelines, allowing for continuous spraying of water mist into the hood during crushing operations to wet the material and condense dust. Simultaneously, a dust collection port 6 is located at the center of the top of the semi-enclosed hood 5. This dust collection port 6 is connected to the inlet of a portable bag filter (not shown in the figure) commonly used on construction sites via a flexible ventilation duct. When the dust collector is running, a negative pressure is generated at the dust collection port 6, drawing in fine dust particles that cannot be condensed by the water mist for filtration and purification.

[0036] Working principle:

[0037] In use, the device is towed to the vicinity of the solid waste disposal site and the adjustable support feet 3 are lowered to secure the equipment. The water pipes of the dust suppression system and the air ducts of the dust collector are connected, and the external water pump and dust collector are started. Then, the power system 13 and the belt conveyor 17 are turned on. Workers feed lightweight solid waste such as aerated concrete blocks into the feed hopper 4. The material is guided by the guide plate 11 and enters between two opposing high-speed rotating crushing rollers, where it is crushed by intense shearing and compression. The crushed material falls onto the belt conveyor 17 and is transported away. Throughout the crushing process, spray dust suppression and negative pressure dust collection work simultaneously, controlling most of the dust within the semi-enclosed hood 5, achieving clean production.

[0038] Example 2:

[0039] Based on Example 1, this example is further optimized. The nozzle 7 of the spray unit adopts an air atomizing nozzle, which is connected to both a water pipe and a compressed air pipe, enabling the generation of finer, more evenly distributed water mist, resulting in better dust suppression. The grid-type screen plate 16 is inserted into the crushing box 8 via guide rails on both sides and is fixed by a quick-clamping device, making it more convenient to replace the screen plate 16.

[0040] Example 3:

[0041] In this embodiment, the bearing seats at both ends of the driven crushing roller 10 are not fixed, but are floatingly connected to the side wall of the crushing box 8 through an elastic buffer device 15. The driven crushing roller 10 and the driving crushing roller 9 are driven by a long-tooth gear. Specifically, a special long-tooth gear is used. The gear of the driving crushing roller 9 is fixed, and the gear of the driven crushing roller 10 meshes with it, but the driven crushing roller 10 is allowed to move radially within a certain range. In this embodiment, the elastic buffer device 15 is specifically a guide rod structure with a compression spring: one end of the guide rod is connected to the bearing seat, and the other end passes through the guide sleeve on the side wall of the box, and the preload is set by the adjusting nut at the end. The compression force of the spring keeps the two rollers at a preset initial working gap. When hard objects or oversized materials that are difficult to crush enter, the driven roller 10 can compress the spring and move outward, temporarily widening the roller gap to allow the foreign object to pass through, thereby effectively preventing the equipment from jamming or the parts from being damaged. Afterward, it returns to its original position under the action of the spring.

Claims

1. A lightweight solid waste crushing device for construction sites, characterized in that, include: The machine frame (1), feed hopper (4), crushing box (8), power system (13), discharge conveying mechanism and dust suppression system; The feed bin (4) is located on the upper part of the frame (1), and its bottom is connected to the crushing box (8); A pair of crushing rollers rotating in opposite directions are arranged in parallel inside the crushing box (8) to form a crushing mechanism; The discharge conveying mechanism is located below the crushing box (8); The dust suppression system includes a semi-enclosed hood (5), a spray unit, and a dust collection port (6). The semi-enclosed hood (5) covers the feeding area of ​​the feeding hopper (4). The spray unit is located inside and above the semi-enclosed hood (5). The dust collection port (6) is located on the semi-enclosed hood (5) and is used to connect to external dust removal equipment.

2. The lightweight solid waste crushing device for construction sites according to claim 1, characterized in that, The crushing mechanism includes an active crushing roller (9) and a driven crushing roller (10), both rollers having crushing teeth on their surfaces. The active crushing roller (9) is connected to the power system (13) via a main shaft.

3. The lightweight solid waste crushing device for construction sites according to claim 2, characterized in that, The bearing seats at both ends of the driven crushing roller (10) are connected to the side wall of the crushing box (8) through an elastic buffer device (15).

4. A lightweight solid waste crushing device for construction sites according to claim 3, characterized in that, The elastic buffer device (15) is a guide rod structure fitted with a spring.

5. A lightweight solid waste crushing device for construction sites according to claim 2, characterized in that, The active crushing roller (9) and the driven crushing roller (10) are driven by a gearbox.

6. A lightweight solid waste crushing device for construction sites according to claim 1, characterized in that, The discharge conveying mechanism is an inclined belt conveyor (17), with its lower end located directly below the discharge port of the crushing box (8).

7. A lightweight solid waste crushing device for construction sites according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom of the crushing box (8) is provided with a pull-out grid screen plate (16), which is located between the crushing roller and the discharge conveying mechanism.

8. A lightweight solid waste crushing device for construction sites according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spray unit includes a nozzle (7) located inside the semi-enclosed cover (5), and the water inlet end of the nozzle (7) is used to connect an external water pump and a water tank.

9. A lightweight solid waste crushing device for construction sites according to claim 1, characterized in that, The feed hopper (4) is equipped with a guide plate (11) that guides the material to the meshing area of ​​the two crushing rollers.

10. A lightweight solid waste crushing device for construction sites according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom of the frame (1) is provided with casters (2) and adjustable support feet (3).

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