Aluminum material forging and pressing forming device beneficial to effective filling

Abstract

The utility model discloses an aluminum material forging forming device beneficial to effective filling, which comprises an upper die holder, an upper die plate and a lower die plate which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, a forging head is formed on the lower end face of the upper die plate, a lower die mounting groove is formed on the upper end face of the lower die plate, and an elastic forging assembly is arranged in the lower die mounting groove. By arranging the forging and pressing assembly with the elastic adjusting function, the material flowing uniformity and the filling effect in the complex workpiece forming process are effectively improved, the first forging and pressing plate and the second forging and pressing plate which are elastically arranged are matched with a dynamic abutting structure of the forging and pressing bearing block, and multi-direction synergistic acting force is formed in the pressure applying process; the metal material is guided to directionally supplement and flow towards the far end of the cavity and the narrow slit area along the preset path, the local flow resistance difference is remarkably reduced, and therefore complete filling of the cavity is achieved on the premise that the blank redundancy is reduced, the air hole defect in a workpiece is eliminated, the structural strength is improved, the material utilization rate is improved, and the production quality and efficiency are comprehensively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of forging die technology, specifically to an aluminum forging forming device that facilitates effective filling. Background Technology

[0002] Forging dies are forming tools used to process metal materials into a target shape through plastic deformation, and are widely used in the field of machinery manufacturing. However, in the forming process of complex workpieces, as described in the published patent "An Aluminum Forging Forming Device" with publication number CN119681188A, the aluminum material cannot be accurately placed in the exact center of the die during forging. If the aluminum material is placed too close to the edge of the die, it will not be able to completely fill the die, affecting the quality of the produced product. To avoid this, the aluminum material usually needs to have sufficient redundancy, and the redundant scrap is removed after forging. Since it is impossible to accurately determine whether the aluminum material is in the center of the die, aluminum material with a large redundancy is used in each forging.

[0003] In summary, in the existing forging process, due to the long material flow path and uneven resistance distribution, the existing forging die may have problems with insufficient filling of the far end of the cavity or narrow gap area, resulting in porosity defects inside the workpiece, which directly affects the structural strength and the yield of finished products. At the same time, the use of a large amount of redundant blanks will lead to material waste and increase the processing efficiency of subsequent processes. Utility Model Content

[0004] To overcome the shortcomings mentioned above, this utility model aims to provide a technical solution that can solve the above problems by providing an aluminum forging and forming device that facilitates effective filling.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution:

[0006] An aluminum forging and forming device that facilitates effective filling includes an upper die base, an upper template, and a lower template arranged sequentially from top to bottom. A forging head is formed on the lower end face of the upper template, and a lower die mounting groove is opened on the upper end face of the lower template. An elastic forging component is installed in the lower die mounting groove.

[0007] The elastic forging assembly includes a forging die body fixed in the lower die mounting groove. The upper end face of the forging die body is provided with a forging mounting groove. The inner bottom surface of the forging mounting groove is provided with a first U-shaped groove and a second U-shaped groove that are symmetrically arranged from left to right, and a forging through hole provided between the first U-shaped groove and the second U-shaped groove.

[0008] The first U-shaped groove and the second U-shaped groove are respectively equipped with a first forging plate and a second forging plate that are rotatably fitted, and a forging support column is installed in the forging through hole;

[0009] The first forging plate and the second forging plate are respectively formed on their opposite surfaces. The upper end of the forging support column is formed with a forging support block that abuts against the upper ends of the first and second support blocks. The upper end surface of the forging support block is provided with a forging forming groove.

[0010] The back sides of the first forging plate and the second forging plate are respectively equipped with a first elastic element and a second elastic element for resetting, and the ends of the first elastic element and the second elastic element are respectively fixed on the forging die body.

[0011] As a further embodiment of this utility model: the two sides of the forged receiving block are respectively formed with arc-shaped guide surfaces, and the surfaces opposite to the first forging plate and the second forging plate are respectively provided with a first abutting arc surface and a second abutting arc surface that slide and abut with the arc-shaped guide surfaces.

[0012] As a further embodiment of this utility model: a first receiving arc surface is provided at the connection between the first abutting arc surface and the first bearing block, and a second receiving arc surface is provided at the connection between the second abutting arc surface and the second bearing block. The first receiving arc surface and the second receiving arc surface are respectively slidably engaged with the arc-shaped guide surface.

[0013] As a further embodiment of this utility model: a first arc-shaped protrusion protruding inward is formed at the connection between the upper end face and the inner wall of the first forging plate, and a second arc-shaped protrusion protruding inward is formed at the connection between the upper end face and the inner wall of the second forging plate.

[0014] As a further embodiment of this utility model: threaded mounting holes are respectively provided on the left and right side walls of the forging die body, and a rotating rod is threaded into the threaded mounting holes. The first elastic element and the second elastic element are respectively sleeved and fixed to the end of the rotating rod. The back of the first forging plate and the second forging plate are respectively provided with elastic element mounting grooves, and the first elastic element and the second elastic element abut against each other in the elastic element mounting grooves.

[0015] As a further embodiment of this utility model: composite buffer plates are respectively installed on the left and right inner walls of the forging installation groove. The composite buffer plate includes a surface wear-resistant layer, an intermediate buffer layer and a substrate connecting layer. The surface wear-resistant layer includes a tungsten carbide wear-resistant coating. The intermediate buffer layer includes a honeycomb high-temperature alloy spring steel sheet. The substrate connecting layer includes a high-temperature nickel-based alloy substrate with dovetail grooves.

[0016] As a further embodiment of this utility model: a through insert mounting groove is provided on the upper end surface of the upper mold base, and an upper mold insert is installed in the insert mounting groove. An upper mold protrusion is formed on the upper end surface of the upper mold plate, which is aligned and abuts against the upper mold insert. The upper mold protrusion and the forging head are aligned and cooperate in the vertical direction.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows:

[0018] This utility model forging die, by setting up forging components with elastic adjustment function, effectively improves the uniformity of material flow and filling effect during the forming of complex workpieces. The first and second forging plates with elastic settings, together with the dynamic abutment structure of the forging receiving block, form a multi-directional synergistic force during the pressing process, guiding the metal material to flow in a directional manner to the far end of the cavity and the narrow gap area along a preset path, significantly reducing the difference in local flow resistance. At the same time, the reset mechanism of the first and second elastic elements can compensate for material positioning deviation in real time, ensuring the self-correction capability of the forging center. Thus, the cavity is completely filled while reducing the redundancy of the blank. This not only eliminates the internal porosity defects of the workpiece and improves the structural strength, but also increases the material utilization rate, comprehensively improving production quality and efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural view of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 This is an exploded view of this utility model;

[0021] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural view of the elastic forging assembly in this utility model;

[0022] Figure 4 This is a top view of the elastic forging assembly in this utility model;

[0023] Figure 5 yes Figure 4 A cross-sectional view along the AA direction;

[0024] Figure 6 yes Figure 5 A three-dimensional view of a sectional view;

[0025] Figure 7 yes Figure 4 A cross-sectional view along the BB direction;

[0026] The reference numerals and names in the figure are as follows:

[0027] Upper die holder - 101, upper template - 102, lower template - 103, forging head - 104, lower die mounting slot - 105, elastic forging assembly - 106, forging die body - 107, forging mounting slot - 108, first U-shaped groove - 109, second U-shaped groove - 110, forging through hole - 111, first forging plate - 112, second forging plate - 113, forging support column - 114, first bearing block - 115, second bearing block - 116, forging support block - 117, forging forming groove - 118, first elastic element - 119. Second elastic element-120, arc-shaped guide surface-121, first abutting arc surface-122, second abutting arc surface-123, first receiving arc surface-124, second receiving arc surface-125, first arc-shaped protrusion-126, second arc-shaped protrusion-127, screw mounting hole-128, rotary rod-129, elastic element mounting groove-130, composite buffer plate-131, surface wear-resistant layer-132, intermediate buffer layer-133, base connection layer-134, insert mounting groove-138, upper mold insert-139, upper mold protrusion-140. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0029] Please see Figures 1-7 An aluminum forging and forming device that facilitates effective filling includes an upper mold base 101, an upper template 102, and a lower template 103 arranged sequentially from top to bottom. The lower end face of the upper template 102 is formed with a forging head 104, and the upper end face of the lower template 103 is provided with a lower mold mounting groove 105. An elastic forging component 106 is installed in the lower mold mounting groove 105.

[0030] The elastic forging assembly 106 includes a forging die body 107 fixed in the lower die mounting groove 105. The upper end face of the forging die body 107 is provided with a forging mounting groove 108. The inner bottom surface of the forging mounting groove 108 is provided with a first U-shaped groove 109 and a second U-shaped groove 110 that are symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides, and a forging through hole 111 provided between the first U-shaped groove 109 and the second U-shaped groove 110.

[0031] The first U-shaped groove 109 and the second U-shaped groove 110 are respectively equipped with a first forging plate 112 and a second forging plate 113 that are rotatably fitted, and a forging support column 114 is installed in the forging through hole 111.

[0032] The first forging plate 112 and the second forging plate 113 are respectively formed on their opposite surfaces. The upper end of the forging support column 114 is formed with a forging support block 117 that abuts against the upper ends of the first support block 115 and the second support block 116. The upper end surface of the forging support block 117 is provided with a forging forming groove 118.

[0033] The back sides of the first forging plate 112 and the second forging plate 113 are respectively equipped with a first elastic element 119 and a second elastic element 120 for resetting, and the ends of the first elastic element 119 and the second elastic element 120 are respectively fixed on the forging die body 107.

[0034] like Figure 1 , Figure 5 and Figure 7 As shown, the forging die of this utility model systematically solves the industry problem of uneven material filling and obstructed flow in the far end and narrow gap area during the forming of complex workpieces through the dynamic adjustment mechanism of the elastic forging component 106 and the multi-directional collaborative pressure structure.

[0035] The first forging plate 112 and the second forging plate 113 form an adaptive deflection pressure module through the rotation design in the U-shaped groove. Combined with the dynamic contact structure of the first bearing block 115, the second bearing block 116 and the forging receiving block 117, a combined force of horizontal expansion and vertical compression is generated during the forging process: when the forging head 104 presses down, the forging receiving block 117 is driven to sink by the vertical pressure, which forces the first and second bearing blocks 116 to have a pressing effect towards the center. As the aluminum material fills the forging forming groove 118 and pushes the first and second forging plates 113 on both sides to expand outward, a horizontal component force is formed from the center to the edge of the cavity. This component force effectively offsets the resistance attenuation when the material flows to the far end, and significantly improves the penetration ability of difficult-to-fill areas such as narrow gaps and corners.

[0036] Meanwhile, the first elastic element 119 and the second elastic element 120 form a bidirectional reset system through a pre-compression spring or a nitrogen spring. During the expansion of the forging plate, elastic potential energy is accumulated. When the forging head 104 returns, the positions of the first and second forging plates 113 are accurately reset, and the material is further compacted by the reverse force generated by the release of elastic potential energy, thus eliminating local looseness.

[0037] In addition, the combined structure of the forging forming groove 118 and the forging die 107 forms a graded forming cavity. The cavity volume is dynamically adjusted by the expansion and contraction characteristics of the forging support column 114, so that the redundant material is preferentially filled into the preset forging forming groove 118 in the early stage of forging. Then, it is squeezed to the far end to complete the forming by applying pressure, thereby reducing the amount of blank redundancy and improving the material utilization rate. At the same time, the subsequent processing time of a single piece is shortened by reducing the amount of redundant cutting.

[0038] This utility model forging die, by setting up forging components with elastic adjustment function, effectively improves the uniformity of material flow and filling effect during the forming of complex workpieces. The first and second forging plates 113, which are elastically set, work together with the dynamic abutment structure of the forging receiving block 117 to form a multi-directional synergistic force during the pressing process. This guides the metal material to flow in a directional manner along a preset path to the far end of the cavity and the narrow gap area, significantly reducing the difference in local flow resistance. At the same time, the reset mechanism of the first elastic element 119 and the second elastic element 120 can compensate for the material positioning deviation in real time, ensuring the self-correction capability of the forging center. Thus, the cavity is completely filled while reducing the redundancy of the blank. This not only eliminates the internal porosity defects of the workpiece and improves the structural strength, but also increases the material utilization rate, thereby comprehensively improving production quality and efficiency.

[0039] In this embodiment of the present invention, arc-shaped guide surfaces 121 are formed on both sides of the forging receiving block 117, and a first abutting arc surface 122 and a second abutting arc surface 123 that slide and abut with the arc-shaped guide surface 121 are respectively provided on the opposite surfaces of the first forging plate 112 and the second forging plate 113.

[0040] like Figure 5 As shown, the forging die of this utility model has an arc-shaped guide surface 121 set on both sides of the forging receiving block 117, which forms a precise sliding fit with the first abutting arc surface 122 and the second abutting arc surface 123 on the first and second forging plates 113, which significantly optimizes the force transmission path and dynamic coordination during the forging process.

[0041] The geometric matching design of the arc-shaped guide surface 121 and the first and second abutting arc surfaces 123 enables the first and second forging plates 113 to rotate smoothly along a predetermined trajectory during horizontal expansion, effectively eliminating stress concentration and friction jamming caused by traditional planar contact, reducing mechanical wear, and ensuring efficient conversion between vertical pressure and horizontal component force.

[0042] This structure further enhances the directional control capability of material flow: when the forging receiving block 117 is subjected to downward pressure, the continuous gradual curvature of the arc-shaped guide surface 121 guides the first and second forging plates 113 to rotate at a precise angle. At the same time, as the aluminum material fills the forging forming groove 118 and pushes the first and second forging plates 113 on both sides to expand outward, the forging receiving block 117 has an upward pressing effect under the driving action of the first bearing block 115 and the second bearing block 116 during the outward expansion of the first and second forging plates 113. This makes the expansion speed of the first and second forging plates 113 and the contact pressure of the forging receiving block 117 dynamically matched with the material filling rate, avoiding material stacking or local overpressure defects caused by sudden force application.

[0043] In this embodiment of the utility model, a first receiving arc surface 124 is provided at the connection between the first abutting arc surface 122 and the first bearing block 115, and a second receiving arc surface 125 is provided at the connection between the second abutting arc surface 123 and the second bearing block 116. The first receiving arc surface 124 and the second receiving arc surface 125 are respectively slidably engaged with the arc-shaped guide surface 121.

[0044] like Figure 5 As shown, the forging die of this utility model adds first and second receiving arc surfaces 125 at the connection between the first and second abutting arc surfaces 123 and the bearing block, and forms a multi-level continuous sliding fit with the arc-shaped guide surface 121. This achieves refined control of the force transmission path and improves dynamic contact stability. The introduction of the receiving arc surfaces constructs a progressive curvature transition structure, eliminating the stress mutation phenomenon at the traditional right-angle connection, making the contact pressure distribution of the forging plate uniform during the expansion process. The multi-level arc surfaces work together to form a "pressure-displacement" self-compensation mechanism: the first and second receiving arc surfaces 125 guide the arc-shaped guide surface 121 to smoothly cut in and out through curvature adaptation, which not only avoids micro-deformation caused by instantaneous impact, but also ensures that the horizontal expansion force is dynamically adjusted with the material flow resistance, significantly enhancing the reliability and repeatability of the high-precision forging process.

[0045] In this embodiment of the present invention, a first arc-shaped protrusion 126 protruding inward is formed at the connection between the upper end face and the inner wall of the first forging plate 112, and a second arc-shaped protrusion 127 protruding inward is formed at the connection between the upper end face and the inner wall of the second forging plate 113.

[0046] like Figure 5 As shown, the raised surfaces of the first and second arc-shaped protrusions 127 and the forging forming groove 118 of the forging receiving block 117 form a progressive closed structure. In the initial stage of forging, the material is preferentially guided to converge towards the center along the protrusion surface, eliminating the folding defects caused by material accumulation at the traditional right-angle connection and improving the initial filling efficiency.

[0047] When the forging plate expands outward, the continuous curvature design of the arc-shaped protrusion decomposes the vertical pressure into horizontal expansion force and radial extrusion force, forming a two-way flow pattern of "center convergence - edge diffusion", which reduces the filling pressure gradient in the narrow slot area and improves the uniformity of material flow rate at the far end.

[0048] In this embodiment of the present invention, screw mounting holes 128 are respectively provided on the left and right side walls of the forging die 107. A rotating rod 129 is screwed into the screw mounting holes 128. The first elastic element 119 and the second elastic element 120 are respectively sleeved and fixed to the end of the rotating rod 129. The back of the first forging plate 112 and the second forging plate 113 are respectively provided with elastic element mounting grooves 130. The first elastic element 119 and the second elastic element 120 abut against each other in the elastic element mounting grooves 130.

[0049] likeFigure 7 As shown, the forging die of this utility model achieves rapid disassembly and assembly of elastic components and precise adjustment of preload through the modular design of screw mounting hole 128 and rotating rod 129, which significantly improves the maintenance efficiency and process adaptability of the die.

[0050] The threaded structure of the rotating rod 129 allows the compression of the first and second elastic elements 120 (such as disc spring assembly) to be finely adjusted by screwing, ensuring the gradient controllability of the forging plate expansion and reset force. At the same time, the limiting structure of the elastic element mounting groove 130 effectively prevents the elastic element from deflecting or twisting, thereby improving the repeatability accuracy of the reset stroke.

[0051] In this embodiment of the present invention, composite buffer plates 131 are respectively installed on the left and right inner walls of the forging mounting groove 108. The composite buffer plate 131 includes a surface wear-resistant layer 132, an intermediate buffer layer 133 and a substrate connecting layer 134. The surface wear-resistant layer 132 includes a tungsten carbide wear-resistant coating, the intermediate buffer layer 133 includes a honeycomb high-temperature alloy spring steel sheet, and the substrate connecting layer 134 includes a high-temperature nickel-based alloy substrate with dovetail grooves.

[0052] like Figure 5 As shown, the forging die of this utility model systematically improves the impact resistance and service life under high temperature conditions by setting a multi-layer composite buffer plate 131 on the inner wall of the forging mounting groove 108. The tungsten carbide wear-resistant coating can reduce the surface wear rate and withstand high temperature. The honeycomb high-temperature alloy spring steel sheet and the dovetail groove structure of the substrate layer form a multi-level buffer mechanism, which absorbs the plastic deformation of the honeycomb unit. At the same time, the dovetail groove fit gap design can adaptively compensate for thermal expansion deformation and avoid high temperature jamming. The high-temperature nickel-based alloy substrate is slidably assembled with the dovetail groove of the substrate and the T-shaped guide rail on the inner wall of the forging mounting groove 108. The honeycomb high-temperature alloy spring steel sheet is integrated with the high-temperature nickel-based alloy substrate through a dual fixing mode of high-temperature brazing and bolt pre-tightening.

[0053] In this embodiment of the present invention, a through insert mounting groove 138 is provided on the upper end surface of the upper mold base 101, and an upper mold insert 139 is installed in the insert mounting groove 138. An upper mold protrusion 140 is formed on the upper end surface of the upper template 102, which is aligned and abuts against the upper mold insert 139. The upper mold protrusion 140 and the forging head 104 are aligned and cooperate in the vertical direction.

[0054] This utility model forging die achieves rapid replacement of core functional units and high-precision pressure transmission through the modular alignment structure of the upper die insert 139 and the upper die protrusion 140. The standardized design of the insert mounting groove 138 shortens the replacement time of the upper die insert 139 (such as the adapter block of the forging head 104 of different shapes). Combined with the precise abutment fit between the upper die protrusion 140 and the insert, it effectively eliminates local stress concentration caused by misalignment.

[0055] Meanwhile, the axial alignment of the upper die protrusion 140 and the forging head 104 improves the accuracy of the material filling direction and reduces die wear caused by pressure off-center loading.

[0056] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that this invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that it can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of this invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered illustrative and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of this invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, it is intended that all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims be included within this invention. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An aluminum forging and forming device that facilitates effective filling, characterized in that, The upper mold base (101), the upper template (102) and the lower template (103) are arranged sequentially from top to bottom. The lower end face of the upper template (102) is formed with a forging head (104), and the upper end face of the lower template (103) is provided with a lower mold mounting groove (105). The lower mold mounting groove (105) is equipped with an elastic forging component (106). The elastic forging assembly (106) includes a forging die body (107) fixed in the lower die mounting groove (105). The upper end face of the forging die body (107) is provided with a forging mounting groove (108). The inner bottom surface of the forging mounting groove (108) is provided with a first U-shaped groove (109) and a second U-shaped groove (110) symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides, and a forging through hole (111) provided between the first U-shaped groove (109) and the second U-shaped groove (110). The first U-shaped groove (109) and the second U-shaped groove (110) are respectively equipped with a first forging plate (112) and a second forging plate (113) that are rotatably fitted, and a forging support column (114) is installed in the forging through hole (111). The first forging plate (112) and the second forging plate (113) are respectively formed on their opposite surfaces. The upper end of the forging support column (114) is formed with a forging support block (117) that abuts against the upper ends of the first support block (115) and the second support block (116). The upper end surface of the forging support block (117) is provided with a forging forming groove (118). The back sides of the first forging plate (112) and the second forging plate (113) are respectively equipped with a first elastic element (119) and a second elastic element (120) for resetting. The ends of the first elastic element (119) and the second elastic element (120) are respectively fixed on the forging die body (107).

2. The aluminum forging and forming device for effective filling according to claim 1, characterized in that, The forged receiving block (117) has arc-shaped guide surfaces (121) formed on both sides. The first forging plate (112) and the second forging plate (113) have a first abutting arc surface (122) and a second abutting arc surface (123) respectively on their opposite surfaces, which slide and abut against the arc-shaped guide surface (121).

3. The aluminum forging and forming apparatus for effective filling as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The first abutting arc surface (122) and the first bearing block (115) are connected by a first receiving arc surface (124), and the second abutting arc surface (123) and the second bearing block (116) are connected by a second receiving arc surface (125). The first receiving arc surface (124) and the second receiving arc surface (125) are respectively slidably engaged with the arc-shaped guide surface (121).

4. The aluminum forging and forming apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that, The upper end face of the first forging plate (112) and the inner wall are connected by a first arc-shaped protrusion (126) that protrudes inward, and the upper end face of the second forging plate (113) and the inner wall are connected by a second arc-shaped protrusion (127) that protrudes inward.

5. An aluminum forging and forming apparatus according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The left and right side walls of the forging die (107) are respectively provided with screw mounting holes (128), and a rotating rod (129) is screwed into the screw mounting holes (128). The first elastic element (119) and the second elastic element (120) are respectively sleeved and fixed to the end of the rotating rod (129). The back of the first forging plate (112) and the second forging plate (113) are respectively provided with elastic element mounting grooves (130), and the first elastic element (119) and the second elastic element (120) abut against each other in the elastic element mounting grooves (130).

6. The aluminum forging and forming apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that, Composite buffer plates (131) are respectively installed on the left and right inner walls of the forging installation groove (108). The composite buffer plate (131) includes a surface wear-resistant layer (132), an intermediate buffer layer (133) and a substrate connecting layer (134). The surface wear-resistant layer (132) includes a tungsten carbide wear-resistant coating. The intermediate buffer layer (133) includes a honeycomb high-temperature alloy spring steel sheet. The substrate connecting layer (134) includes a high-temperature nickel-based alloy substrate with dovetail grooves.

7. The aluminum forging and forming apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that, The upper end face of the upper mold base (101) is provided with a through insert mounting groove (138), and the upper mold insert (139) is installed in the insert mounting groove (138). The upper end face of the upper template (102) is formed with an upper mold protrusion (140) that is aligned and abuts against the upper mold insert (139). The upper mold protrusion (140) and the forging head (104) are aligned and cooperate in the vertical direction.

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