Circuit supporting multiple groups of fast charging protocols and having data communication function

Abstract

A circuit supporting multiple groups of fast charging protocols and having a data communication function is characterized by comprising an interface circuit unit, a voltage induction and identification circuit unit, a charging / communication switching circuit unit, a charging state management circuit unit and a data communication control circuit unit, the input end of the interface circuit unit is electrically connected with a plug of a USB-TYPE-C cable, the output end of the interface circuit unit is connected with the input end of the voltage induction and identification circuit unit, the interface circuit unit is connected with the input end of the charging / communication switching circuit unit, the charging / communication switching circuit unit is connected with the data communication control circuit unit, and the data communication control circuit unit is connected with the USB-TYPE-C cable. The output end of the data communication control circuit unit is electrically connected with a serial port of the single-chip microcomputer, the input end of the charging state management circuit unit is connected with the output end of the voltage induction and identification circuit unit, and the output end of the charging state management circuit unit is connected with the battery. And adaptive selection of a quick charging function and a data communication function is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of electronic circuit technology, and in particular to a circuit that supports multiple fast charging protocols and also has data communication functions. Background Technology

[0002] The device's charging unit includes a power adapter supporting fast charging protocols, a fast charging protocol implementation unit, and a charging management unit. The power adapter converts AC mains power into DC voltage, serving as the power source during charging. Widely used power adapters fall into two main categories: QC protocol adapters and PD protocol adapters. The protocol implementation unit is located inside the device and uses complex software logic to match the protocol with the power adapter, thereby adjusting the power adapter's output power to achieve fast charging. The charging management unit manages the start and end states of the charging process and is responsible for current and voltage detection and protection functions during charging.

[0003] Currently, the most widely used fast charging protocols in the field of charging management are QC and PD protocols. For the QC protocol, the output voltage of the power adapter is controlled by the protocol matching unit inside the device, typically outputting a higher voltage to achieve fast charging. For the PD fast charging protocol, the protocol matching unit inside the device can simultaneously adjust the voltage and current output by the adapter, thereby achieving fast charging functionality.

[0004] However, existing charging technologies still have the following problems when in use:

[0005] 1. Currently, the power adapters widely used in the market include those supporting QC and PD protocols. Devices such as mobile phone chargers are ubiquitous in daily life. When charging these devices, users are often unfamiliar with the type of power adapter and the protocols it supports. As a result, there may be a mismatch between the adapter and the charging protocol of the device. This can lead to the device charging too slowly or not at all, or even damage to the device due to voltage mismatch.

[0006] 2. Currently, charging devices typically have only one external interface, a USB Type-C port. This port needs to perform both fast charging and data communication functions. These two functions share the data cable in the USB hardware, so theoretically there is a problem of communication conflict caused by sharing the data cable.

[0007] 3. Similar devices on the market that implement fast charging protocols are often designed to be quite complex, especially the software business logic, which requires a powerful CPU to participate in the calculation, resulting in increased product costs and a longer development cycle.

[0008] Therefore, in view of the above problems, a circuit is designed that can automatically identify whether the external USB device is a computer or a power adapter, and realize adaptive selection of fast charging function and data communication function. Utility Model Content

[0009] In view of the above-mentioned technical problems, this utility model provides a circuit that supports multiple fast charging protocols and has data communication functions. It is used to automatically identify whether the external USB device is a computer or a power adapter through the single USB Type-C interface of the device, so as to realize the adaptive selection of fast charging function and data communication function.

[0010] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of this utility model is as follows:

[0011] A circuit supporting multiple fast charging protocols and data communication functions is characterized by comprising an interface circuit unit, a voltage induction and identification circuit unit, a charging / communication switching circuit unit, a charging state management circuit unit, and a data communication control circuit unit. The input terminal of the interface circuit unit is electrically connected to the plug of a USB-TYPE-C cable. The output terminal of the interface circuit unit is connected to the input terminal of the voltage induction and identification circuit unit. The interface circuit unit is connected to the input terminal of the charging / communication switching circuit unit. The charging / communication switching circuit unit is connected to the data communication control circuit unit. The output terminal of the data communication control circuit unit is electrically connected to the serial port of a microcontroller. The input terminal of the charging state management circuit unit is connected to the output terminal of the voltage induction and identification circuit unit. The output terminal of the charging state management circuit unit is connected to a battery.

[0012] The interface circuit unit includes a USB-TYPE-C female connector. Pins 1 and 12 of the USB-TYPE-C female connector are grounded. Pins 2 and 11 of the USB-TYPE-C female connector are connected to the positive power supply. Pins 4 and 10 of the USB-TYPE-C female connector are electrically connected to the input terminal of the voltage induction and identification circuit unit. Pins 5, 6, 7, and 8 of the USB-TYPE-C female connector are electrically connected to the input terminal of the charging / communication switching unit, respectively.

[0013] The voltage induction and identification circuit unit consists of a voltage induction circuit and a voltage acquisition circuit. The output terminal of the voltage induction circuit is electrically connected to the input terminal of the voltage acquisition circuit, and the output terminal of the voltage acquisition circuit is electrically connected to the analog voltage input pin of the microcontroller.

[0014] The voltage induction circuit includes a chip PW6606. Pins 1 and 2 of the chip PW660 are electrically connected to pins 4 and 10 of the USB-TYPE-C female connector, respectively. Pins 1 and 2 of the chip PW660 are electrically connected to resistors R56 and R57, respectively. Pins 5 and 6 of the chip PW660 are grounded after being connected in series with resistors R58 and R59, respectively. Pins 3 and 8 of the chip PW660 are electrically connected to the output of the charging / communication switching circuit unit. Pin 7 of the chip PW660 is grounded. Pin 4 of the chip PW660 is electrically connected to resistor R53 and capacitor C48, respectively.

[0015] The voltage acquisition circuit consists of resistor R54 and resistor R60, which are connected in series.

[0016] The charging / communication switching circuit unit includes an RS2257XH chip. The fourth pin of each of the two RS2257XH chips is an input terminal, and the fourth pin of each RS2257XH chip is connected to the interface circuit unit. The third pin of each RS2257XH chip is an output terminal, and the third pin of each RS2257XH chip is electrically connected to the third and eighth pins of the PW660 chip, respectively. The first pin of each RS2257XH chip is connected to the power supply of the data communication control circuit after being connected in series with resistors R52 and R61.

[0017] The charging state management circuit unit includes a PW4000 chip whose pin 4 is connected to a charging enable circuit. The charging enable circuit consists of resistors R42 and R46 and transistor V2. One end of resistor R46 is connected to both resistor R42 and transistor V2, and the other end of resistor R46 is connected to transistor V2. The PW4000 chip is connected to a charging voltage and current setting circuit, which consists of resistors R41, R45, and R49. Resistors R41 and R45 are connected in series and to pin 2 of the PW4000 chip. Resistor R49 is connected in series with the ground of the PW4000 chip. The PW4000 chip is connected to a state detection circuit, which consists of resistors R47 and R50, which are connected in series.

[0018] The data communication control circuit unit includes a chip FT232RL. Pins 15 and 16 of the chip FT232RL are connected to the charging / communication switching circuit unit, respectively. The chip FT232RL is connected to the data communication enable circuit, which consists of resistors R69 and R70 and transistor V3. One end of resistor R70 is connected to resistor R69 and transistor V3, and the other end of resistor R70 is connected to transistor V3.

[0019] Furthermore, the other pins on the PW4000 chip are connected according to the chip datasheet reference circuit.

[0020] Furthermore, the other pins on the FT232RL chip are connected according to the reference circuit in the chip manual.

[0021] The beneficial effects of this utility model are:

[0022] The circuit designed in this utility model supports both QC charging protocol and PD charging protocol, making the charging function of the device highly flexible. The core is to distinguish and select the charging protocol by means of communication data and circuit design on the USB Type-C interface hardware data line, so as to achieve the matching of charging protocol between the device and the power adapter. QC charging protocol means that the device can adjust the output voltage of the power adapter to achieve fast charging, while PD charging protocol means that the device can adjust the output voltage and output current of the power adapter at the same time to achieve fast charging.

[0023] This utility model combines data communication functions, meaning that the single USB Type-C interface of the device can realize both fast charging and data communication between the device and an external host computer. The core is that the charging / communication detection unit automatically distinguishes the external device plugged into the USB Type-C interface of the device, identifying whether it is a power adapter or a host computer. Then, the charging / communication switching unit selects the hardware data line of the target function, achieving the purpose of time-division multiplexing of the hardware data line, thereby realizing the two functions of charging and communication of the USB Type-C interface.

[0024] This invention achieves a way to increase the input voltage, which can effectively reduce the current value on the cable, reduce the heat generated at the metal contacts, and improve the product life.

[0025] The circuit designed in this utility model mainly realizes its functions through hardware circuits. The software code only needs to perform appropriate voltage acquisition and output high and low level logic control. Therefore, there is no need for a high-performance processor to participate in the calculation, which reduces the overall cost of the device. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the interface circuit unit;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the voltage induction and identification circuit unit;

[0028] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the charging / communication switching circuit unit;

[0029] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the charging status management circuit unit;

[0030] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the data communication control circuit unit. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The technical solution of this utility model will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this utility model. Based on the embodiments of this utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this utility model.

[0032] Example 1

[0033] This utility model mainly designs and implements the following five hardware circuit units: interface circuit unit, voltage induction and identification circuit unit, charging / communication switching unit, charging status management unit, and data communication control unit. The specific implementation methods are as follows:

[0034] The interface circuit unit serves as the device's interface; its input terminal is electrically connected to the plug of the USB-TYPE-C cable, and its output terminal is connected to the input terminal of the voltage induction and identification circuit unit. For example... Figure 1 As shown, the interface circuit unit uses a surface-mount USB-TYPE-C female connector with 12 pins. Its signal definition is that pins 1 and 12 are used to connect to system ground, pins 2 and 11 are connected to the positive power supply, pins 4 and 10 are electrically connected to the input terminal of the voltage induction and identification circuit unit, and pins 5, 6, 7 and 8 are used for data communication and are electrically connected to the input terminal of the charging / communication switching circuit unit.

[0035] The voltage induction and identification circuit unit's core component is a voltage induction chip, specifically the domestically produced PW6606. Pins 1 and 2 of the PW6606 are electrically connected to pins 4 and 10 of the USB-TYPE-C female connector in the interface circuit unit, respectively, and are also connected to resistors R56 and R57. Pins 5 and 6 of the PW6606 are connected in series with resistors R58 and R59, respectively, and then pulled down to ground. Pins 3 and 8 of the PW6606 are electrically connected to the output of the charging / communication switching circuit unit.

[0036] The main function of this circuit is to distinguish whether an externally plugged-in device is a power adapter supporting fast charging protocols or a host computer. It consists of a voltage induction circuit and a voltage acquisition circuit group. The voltage induction circuit, located to the left of the dotted line, induces the external power adapter supporting QC or PD protocols to output the required voltage value. Resistors R56 and R57 are high-precision surface-mount resistors. When an external device is connected, the PW6606 chip can identify whether the external device supports the PD protocol through these two resistors. If the PD charging protocol handshake is successful, the resistance value of surface-mount resistor R59 is used to set the voltage value requested by the PD protocol. The resistance value of surface-mount resistor R58 is used to set the current value requested by the PD protocol. If the PD protocol handshake fails, this circuit unit will identify the QC charging protocol based on the data content on the DP / DN line. In this case, the resistance value of resistor R59 is used to set the voltage value requested by the QC protocol. If neither the PD protocol nor the QC protocol handshake succeeds, then the externally plugged-in device is determined to be a host computer, thus achieving the differentiation of the fast charging protocol supported by the external power adapter.

[0037] Located to the right of the dotted line is the voltage acquisition circuit. Its input is connected to the voltage output of the voltage induction circuit, and its output is connected to the analog voltage input pin of the microcontroller. The voltage acquisition circuit consists of a voltage divider network formed by high-precision resistors R54 and R60 connected in series. The function of the voltage acquisition circuit is to monitor the voltage output of unit d of the induction circuit. When the acquired induction voltage value matches the expected value, it indicates that the external device is a power adapter; when the induction voltage value does not match the expected value, it indicates that the connected device is the main control computer. This process distinguishes the type of external device.

[0038] like Figure 3The charging / communication switching circuit unit is mainly used to switch the selection paths of the USB data lines D+ and D-, thereby realizing the time-division multiplexing function of the charging / communication data lines. The core component of the charging / communication switching circuit unit is a single-pole double-throw module switch chip. In this solution, the domestic chip RS2257XH is selected. Its common terminal (pin 4) is the input terminal, which is electrically connected to the USB data signal of the interface circuit. The normally closed signal (pin 3) is the default output terminal, which is connected to pins 3 and 8 of the chip PW6606 in the induction unit. The normally open signal (pin 1) is connected in series with matching resistors R52 and R61, and then electrically connected to the input terminal of the data communication control circuit unit. When an external device is connected, the control signal output circuit outputs a low-level signal, driving the analog switch to select the charging function by default. Next, the bus voltage value is judged. If the bus voltage value collected by the voltage acquisition circuit matches the expected voltage value induced by the induction circuit, the control switch of the charging control unit will be enabled to start fast charging. If the acquired bus voltage value does not meet the expected value, the external access device is the main control computer. The control signal output circuit unit will output a high-level signal to drive the analog switch to select the data communication function. At this time, data communication between the device and the main control computer can be realized.

[0039] like Figure 4 The charging status management circuit unit is mainly used to realize functions such as enabling charging, setting charging voltage and current, and detecting charging status. The input terminal of the charging status management circuit unit is electrically connected to the output induced voltage, and the output terminal of the charging status management circuit unit is connected to the battery. In this utility model, the PW4000 chip is selected as the charging management chip. The PW4000 chip is connected to the charging enable circuit, which is composed of resistors R42 and R46 and transistor V2. The charging enable circuit will decide whether to enable charging based on the type of external device and the remaining power of the device's internal battery. When it detects that the external device is a power adapter and the battery is not fully charged, it immediately enables the charging function to quickly charge the device's internal battery. If the external device is a main control computer, charging will not be enabled.

[0040] The PW4000 chip is connected to a charging voltage and current setting circuit, which consists of resistors R41, R45, and R49. Resistors R41 and R45 are connected in series to set the charging voltage, while resistor R49 is connected in series with the PW4000's ground to set the charging current. The charging voltage is used to set the maximum charging current and the charging cutoff voltage. The main function of this circuit is to protect the internal battery of the device from damage, i.e., to prevent overvoltage and overcurrent during charging. The PW4000 chip is also connected to a status detection circuit, which consists of resistors R47 and R50 connected in series. This status detection circuit monitors various states during the charging process in real time, including charging in progress, charging complete, battery connection error, and overheating error, ensuring safety during charging. Pins 8, 9, and 10 of the PW4000 chip are connected according to the reference circuit in the chip datasheet to form a step-down circuit. Pin 4 of the PW4000 chip serves as the power supply terminal and is electrically connected to the input voltage. Pin 5 of the PW4000 chip is the power-on pin, which is electrically connected to the series voltage divider network consisting of resistors R38 and R40. The configuration of the remaining pins of the PW4000 chip should follow the circuit recommendations in the reference manual.

[0041] like Figure 5 The data communication control circuit unit primarily communicates with the host computer and performs level conversion for the communication interface. Its input is electrically connected to the normally open pin of the analog switch in the charging / communication switching circuit unit, and its output is electrically connected to the microcontroller's serial port, which is a data communication interface. The data communication control circuit unit mainly includes a data communication enable circuit and an interface level conversion circuit. The core component of the interface level conversion circuit is the FT232RL chip, which is connected to the data communication enable circuit. The data communication enable circuit consists of resistors R69 and R70, and transistor V3. When the voltage acquisition circuit detects that the external access device is the host computer, it sends a data communication enable signal to power the communication circuit. Simultaneously, the level conversion circuit performs level conversion, transforming the external USB signal level (D_D+, D_D-) into a serial port level that a typical microcontroller can recognize, thus enabling data communication between the device and the host computer. The other pins on the FT232RL chip are connected according to the circuit recommendations in the reference manual.

[0042] When an external device is connected to the USB Type-C interface described in this application, the hardware circuit of the charging / communication detection unit automatically outputs an induced voltage on the bus. The software distinguishes the type of external device by judging the bus voltage value. If the external device is a host computer, the software controls the charging / communication switching circuit unit to select the data communication channel. Simultaneously, the software enables the data communication and level conversion circuit units, allowing the device to communicate with the external host computer. If the external device is a power adapter, the software controls the charging / communication switching circuit unit to select the fast charging channel. Then, the software determines whether the device's internal battery is fully charged. If the battery is fully charged, charging is not initiated. If the battery is not fully charged, the software enables the charging status management circuit unit and begins charging the battery at a set current value. During charging, the software monitors the charging status in real time. If a charging error is detected, charging is immediately paused. After the error is cleared, charging is restarted until the battery is fully charged.

[0043] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of this utility model. The various components mentioned in this utility model are common technologies in the existing field. Those skilled in the art should understand that this utility model is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of this utility model. Various changes and modifications can be made to this utility model without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the claims. The scope of protection of this utility model is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A circuit that supports multiple fast charging protocols and also has data communication functions, characterized in that... The device includes an interface circuit unit, a voltage induction and identification circuit unit, a charging / communication switching circuit unit, a charging status management circuit unit, and a data communication control circuit unit. The input terminal of the interface circuit unit is electrically connected to the plug of the USB-TYPE-C cable. The output terminal of the interface circuit unit is connected to the input terminal of the voltage induction and identification circuit unit. The interface circuit unit is connected to the input terminal of the charging / communication switching circuit unit. The charging / communication switching circuit unit is connected to the data communication control circuit unit. The output terminal of the data communication control circuit unit is electrically connected to the serial port of the microcontroller. The input terminal of the charging status management circuit unit is connected to the output terminal of the voltage induction and identification circuit unit. The output terminal of the charging status management circuit unit is connected to the battery.

2. The circuit that supports multiple fast charging protocols and also has data communication functions according to claim 1, characterized in that... The interface circuit unit includes a USB-TYPE-C female connector. Pins 1 and 12 of the USB-TYPE-C female connector are grounded. Pins 2 and 11 of the USB-TYPE-C female connector are connected to the positive power supply. Pins 4 and 10 of the USB-TYPE-C female connector are electrically connected to the input terminal of the voltage induction and identification circuit unit. Pins 5, 6, 7, and 8 of the USB-TYPE-C female connector are electrically connected to the input terminal of the charging / communication switching unit, respectively.

3. The circuit that supports multiple fast charging protocols and also has data communication functions according to claim 1, characterized in that... The voltage induction and identification circuit unit consists of a voltage induction circuit and a voltage acquisition circuit. The output terminal of the voltage induction circuit is electrically connected to the input terminal of the voltage acquisition circuit, and the output terminal of the voltage acquisition circuit is electrically connected to the analog voltage input pin of the microcontroller.

4. The circuit that supports multiple fast charging protocols and also has data communication functions according to claim 3, characterized in that... The voltage induction circuit includes a chip PW6606. Pins 1 and 2 of the chip PW660 are electrically connected to pins 4 and 10 of the USB-TYPE-C female connector, respectively. Pins 1 and 2 of the chip PW660 are electrically connected to resistors R56 and R57, respectively. Pins 5 and 6 of the chip PW660 are grounded after being connected in series with resistors R58 and R59, respectively. Pins 3 and 8 of the chip PW660 are electrically connected to the output of the charging / communication switching circuit unit. Pin 7 of the chip PW660 is grounded. Pin 4 of the chip PW660 is electrically connected to resistor R53 and capacitor C48, respectively.

5. A circuit that supports multiple fast charging protocols and also has data communication functions according to claim 3, characterized in that... The voltage acquisition circuit consists of resistor R54 and resistor R60, which are connected in series.

6. A circuit that supports multiple fast charging protocols and also has data communication functions according to claim 4, characterized in that... The charging / communication switching circuit unit includes an RS2257XH chip. The fourth pin of each of the two RS2257XH chips is an input terminal, and the fourth pin of each RS2257XH chip is connected to the interface circuit unit. The third pin of each RS2257XH chip is an output terminal, and the third pin of each RS2257XH chip is electrically connected to the third and eighth pins of the PW660 chip, respectively. The first pin of each RS2257XH chip is connected to the power supply of the data communication control circuit after being connected in series with resistors R52 and R61.

7. A circuit that supports multiple fast charging protocols and also has data communication functions according to claim 1, characterized in that... The charging state management circuit unit includes a PW4000 chip whose pin 4 is connected to a charging enable circuit. The charging enable circuit consists of resistors R42 and R46 and transistor V2. One end of resistor R46 is connected to both resistor R42 and transistor V2, and the other end of resistor R46 is connected to transistor V2. The PW4000 chip is connected to a charging voltage and current setting circuit, which consists of resistors R41, R45, and R49. Resistors R41 and R45 are connected in series and to pin 2 of the PW4000 chip. Resistor R49 is connected in series with the ground of the PW4000 chip. The PW4000 chip is connected to a state detection circuit, which consists of resistors R47 and R50, which are connected in series.

8. A circuit that supports multiple fast charging protocols and also has data communication functions according to claim 1, characterized in that... The data communication control circuit unit includes a chip FT232RL. Pins 15 and 16 of the chip FT232RL are connected to the charging / communication switching circuit unit, respectively. The chip FT232RL is connected to the data communication enable circuit, which consists of resistors R69 and R70 and transistor V3. One end of resistor R70 is connected to resistor R69 and transistor V3, and the other end of resistor R70 is connected to transistor V3.

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