Compact one-to-four power divider

Abstract

The utility model discloses a compact one-to-four power divider, which adopts a two-stage symmetrical branch circuit design, filters through parallel grounding capacitors at input ports, and optimizes input matching characteristics. The first-stage branch circuit realizes impedance matching and inhibits electromagnetic coupling between branches by using a spiral inductor, an isolation capacitor and a resistance network; the secondary branch circuit compensates ultrahigh frequency signal phase and amplitude deviation through a matched transmission line and a minimum grounding capacitor (multiple small-specification capacitors are connected in series), and the isolation degree of an output port is further improved by combining an isolation resistor. Through symmetric frequency division and impedance matching technologies, the power divider realizes balanced distribution of signal amplitude and phase within the frequency band of 6-18GHz, significantly reduces return loss and insertion loss, improves branch isolation to more than 20dB, effectively solves the crosstalk problem in a multi-channel system, and improves the performance of the multi-channel system. And the requirements of scenes such as high-frequency-band wireless communication and radar detection on low-loss, high-isolation and broadband signal distribution are met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of power divider technology, and in particular to a compact one-to-four power divider. Background Technology

[0002] Power dividers are indispensable components in microwave receiving, transmitting, and frequency combining systems. Whether in microwave communication, radar, remote control and sensing, electronic reconnaissance, electronic countermeasures, or microwave measurement systems, there is a need to distribute signals with equal power. Dividing signals into multiple paths with equal power and then processing them separately is a very common application. However, existing traditional 1-to-4 power dividers have many problems that cannot be ignored when processing signals in this frequency band.

[0003] In terms of signal distribution symmetry, traditional power dividers struggle to ensure amplitude and phase consistency across all output ports. This deficiency, particularly in communication and radar systems with stringent signal synchronization requirements, can lead to decreased signal processing accuracy, increased bit error rate, and significantly impact overall system performance.

[0004] From an impedance matching perspective, traditional power dividers have poor impedance matching performance at high frequencies. High return and insertion losses mean that a significant amount of signal energy is wasted during transmission. In electronic warfare scenarios where signal power requirements are stringent, this energy loss can lead to insufficient interference signal strength, failing to effectively jam enemy systems.

[0005] Insufficient isolation between branch circuits is also a major drawback of traditional power dividers. Crosstalk caused by electromagnetic coupling can lead to interference between signals from different channels. In multi-channel communication systems, crosstalk reduces signal clarity and reliability, resulting in information transmission errors.

[0006] Furthermore, the grounding design of traditional power dividers does not fully consider the characteristics of ultra-high frequency signals, making it difficult to effectively filter out high-frequency components. These signals mix into the useful signal, reducing the purity of the signal and seriously affecting the signal quality.

[0007] With the increasing application of ultra-wideband frequencies in various fields, the requirements for power dividers are also becoming more stringent. Existing technologies can no longer meet the current demands for low loss, high isolation, and uniform signal distribution, making the development of new ultra-wideband power dividers an urgent priority. Utility Model Content

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to provide a compact one-to-four power divider, which solves the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0009] This utility model is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0010] A compact 1-to-4 power divider includes one RF input terminal and four RF output ports, namely RF output port a, RF output port b, RF output port c, and RF output port dc.

[0011] At the RF input terminal, a left branch circuit and a right branch circuit are formed symmetrically at the left and right centers. The left branch circuit and the right branch circuit are completely identical. Each of the left branch circuit and the right branch circuit includes a first-level branch circuit and a second-level branch circuit. The first-level branch circuit is directly connected to the RF input port to perform the first division of the signal. The output of the first-level branch circuit serves as the input of the second-level branch circuit. The second-level branch circuit performs the second division of the input and connects it to the corresponding output port for output.

[0012] Furthermore,

[0013] The left and right branch circuits are connected in parallel with grounding capacitors at the RF input terminal.

[0014] Furthermore,

[0015] Each of the first-level branch circuits includes a first-level first spiral inductor, a first-level grounding capacitor, a first-level first isolation capacitor, a first-level first isolation resistor, a first-level second spiral inductor, a first-level second isolation capacitor, and a first-level second isolation resistor. One end of the first-level first spiral inductor is directly connected to the input port, and the other end is connected in series with the first-level second spiral inductor and in parallel with the first-level first isolation capacitor. The output end of the first-level second spiral inductor is connected to the second-level branch circuit and in parallel with the first-level second isolation capacitor. A first-level first isolation resistor is connected between the isolation capacitors on the left and right branch circuits, and a first-level second isolation resistor is connected between the first-level second isolation capacitors.

[0016] Furthermore,

[0017] The secondary branch circuit transmits the signal from the output terminal of the first-stage second spiral inductor in the first-stage branch circuit to the secondary branch circuit as the total input through the matching transmission line. The secondary branch circuit branches at the connection point with the matching transmission line to form two identical partial branch circuits. The end of the matching transmission line is also provided with a second-stage first grounding capacitor. The secondary branch circuit is connected in parallel with a second-stage second grounding capacitor at the connection point with the matching transmission line. The two partial branch circuits are connected to different RF output ports.

[0018] Furthermore,

[0019] The secondary branch circuit includes a secondary first spiral inductor, a secondary grounding capacitor, a secondary first parallel capacitor, a secondary second spiral inductor, and a secondary second parallel capacitor. The secondary first spiral inductor is connected to the secondary first parallel capacitor, and a secondary grounding capacitor is connected between them. The secondary first parallel capacitor is connected to one end of the secondary second spiral inductor, and the other end of the secondary second spiral inductor is connected to the RF output port and connected in parallel with the secondary second parallel capacitor.

[0020] Furthermore,

[0021] In the left and right branch circuits, a first isolation resistor is connected between the first parallel capacitors of the second stage in the two branch circuits, and a second isolation resistor is connected between the second parallel capacitors of the second stage.

[0022] Furthermore,

[0023] The secondary grounding capacitor is composed of multiple small capacitors connected in series.

[0024] The beneficial effects of this utility model are:

[0025] 1. Signal equalization distribution: A two-stage 1-to-2 splitter circuit with the vertical line of the input port as the line of symmetry is adopted. Through the design of the left and right and up and down symmetrical branch circuits, the amplitude and phase of the signal are balanced in the 6GHz-18GHz frequency band, reducing the phase deviation and amplitude loss in the frequency division process and improving the consistency of signal distribution.

[0026] 2. Improve input matching: Connect a ground capacitor in parallel at the connection point between the first-stage branch circuit and the input port. Utilize the low impedance characteristic of the capacitor for high-frequency signals to bypass noise in the input signal to ground, effectively improving the matching characteristics of the input port, reducing return loss, and enhancing the purity of the input signal.

[0027] 3. Impedance matching and high isolation: The combination of spiral inductors in the first and second stage branch circuits suppresses high-frequency interference and achieves impedance matching (such as 50Ω system matching) through inductive reactance characteristics; the parallel isolation circuit (resistor-capacitor network or "capacitor-resistor-capacitor" structure) reduces electromagnetic coupling between branches, increasing the branch isolation to more than 20dB, ensuring the purity and independence of the signal path.

[0028] 4. Extended operating bandwidth: Multiple small-size resistors are connected in series at the branch points of the secondary branch circuit to form an equivalent minimal grounding capacitor. This compensates for the phase and amplitude deviation of 6GHz-18GHz ultra-high frequency signals, reduces signal reflection at the branch points, extends the operating bandwidth of the power divider, and ensures effective signal transmission across the entire frequency band.

[0029] 5. Suppressing crosstalk at output ports: In the secondary branch circuit, crosstalk between output ports is further suppressed through isolation resistors and isolation circuits at the output terminals, thereby improving the isolation level and meeting the requirements of multi-channel systems for independent signal transmission. Attached Figure Description

[0030] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the present invention and form part of this application, do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0031] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this utility model;

[0032] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of insertion loss;

[0033] Figure 3 The diagram illustrates return loss.

[0034] Figure 4 A schematic diagram showing the isolation of the output ports of different secondary branch circuits;

[0035] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the isolation of the output ports of the same secondary branch circuit.

[0036] The attached diagram shows the markings and corresponding component names:

[0037] 1-RF input terminal, 2-RF output port a, 3-RF output port b, 4-RF output port c, 5-RF output port d, 6-Grounding capacitor, 7-First stage first spiral inductor, 8-First stage grounding capacitor, 9-First stage first isolation capacitor, 10-First stage second spiral inductor, 11-First stage isolation resistor, 12-Second stage first grounding capacitor, 13-Second stage second grounding capacitor, 14-Second stage first spiral inductor, 15-Second stage grounding capacitor, 16-Second stage first parallel capacitor, 17-Second stage second spiral inductor, 18-Second stage second parallel capacitor, 19-Second stage first isolation resistor, 20-Second stage second isolation resistor, 21-First stage second isolation capacitor, 22-First stage second isolation resistor, 23-Matching transmission line. Detailed Implementation

[0038] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings, but the implementation of the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0039] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "longitudinal", "lateral", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", "front", "rear", "top", "bottom", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly used when the utility model product is in use. They are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model.

[0040] In the description of this utility model, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set up," "have," "install," "connect," and "connect" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model based on the specific circumstances.

[0041] Example

[0042] See Figures 1 to 5 :

[0043] A compact 1-to-4 power divider includes one RF input terminal 1 and four RF output ports, namely RF output port a2, RF output port b3, RF output port c4 and RF output port d5.

[0044] A symmetrical left branch circuit and a right branch circuit are formed at the radio frequency input terminal 1. The left branch circuit and the right branch circuit are completely identical. Both the left branch circuit and the right branch circuit include a first-level branch circuit and a second-level branch circuit. The first-level branch circuit is directly connected to the radio frequency input terminal 1 to perform the first division of the signal. The output of the first-level branch circuit serves as the input of the second-level branch circuit. The second-level branch circuit performs the second division of the input and connects it to the corresponding output port for output.

[0045] Furthermore,

[0046] The left and right branch circuits are connected in parallel with a grounding capacitor 6 at the RF input terminal 1.

[0047] A ground capacitor 6 is connected in parallel to RF input port 1. Utilizing the low impedance characteristic of the capacitor to high-frequency signals, the high-frequency components of the input signal are quickly bypassed to ground, reducing interference. Simultaneously, ground capacitor 6 optimizes the impedance matching characteristics of the input port, reduces return loss, and improves the purity of the signal input.

[0048] Furthermore,

[0049] Each of the first-level branch circuits includes a first-level first spiral inductor 7, a first-level grounding capacitor 8, a first-level first isolation capacitor 9, a first-level second spiral inductor 10, a first-level second isolation capacitor 21, and a first-level second isolation resistor 22. One end of the first-level first spiral inductor 7 is directly connected to the input port, and the other end is connected in series with the first-level second spiral inductor 10 and in parallel with the first-level first isolation capacitor 9. The output end of the first-level second spiral inductor 10 is connected to the second-level branch circuit and in parallel with the first-level second isolation capacitor 21. A first-level first isolation resistor 11 is connected between the isolation capacitors on the left and right branch circuits, and a first-level second isolation resistor 22 is connected between the first-level second isolation capacitors 21.

[0050] The first-level branch circuit uses a combination of spiral inductors, isolation capacitors, and resistors. The inductive reactance of the spiral inductor suppresses high-frequency interference, while the isolation capacitor and resistor network (CRC structure) reduces electromagnetic coupling between the left and right branch circuits, improves the isolation between branches, and achieves impedance matching.

[0051] In one embodiment, in the first-stage branch circuit, a first-stage first-stage spiral inductor 7 is connected in series with a second-stage spiral inductor 10, and an isolation capacitor and an isolation resistor are connected in parallel between them. An isolation resistor is connected across the isolation capacitors of the left and right branches to form an RC network, which blocks the lateral transmission of high-frequency components and ensures the signal independence and low crosstalk of the left and right branches.

[0052] Furthermore,

[0053] The secondary branch circuit transmits the signal from the output terminal of the first-stage second spiral inductor 10 in the first-stage branch circuit to the secondary branch circuit as the total input through the matching transmission line 23. The secondary branch circuit branches at the connection point with the matching transmission line 23 to form two identical partial branch circuits. The end of the matching transmission line 23 is also provided with a secondary first grounding capacitor 12. The secondary branch circuit is connected in parallel with a secondary second grounding capacitor 13 at the connection point with the matching transmission line 23. The two partial branch circuits are connected to different RF output ports.

[0054] Matching transmission line 23 optimizes the impedance continuity of the signal transmission path, and secondary grounding capacitor 13 compensates for the phase and amplitude deviation of high-frequency signals at the branch point, reduces signal reflection, and expands the operating bandwidth of the power divider.

[0055] Furthermore,

[0056] The secondary branch circuit includes a secondary first spiral inductor 14, a secondary grounding capacitor 15, a secondary first parallel capacitor 16, a secondary second spiral inductor 17, and a secondary second parallel capacitor 18. The secondary first spiral inductor 14 is connected to the secondary first parallel capacitor 16, and the secondary grounding capacitor 15 is connected between them. The secondary first parallel capacitor 16 is connected to one end of the secondary second spiral inductor 17, and the other end of the secondary second spiral inductor 17 is connected to the RF output port and connected in parallel with the secondary second parallel capacitor 18.

[0057] In the secondary branch circuit, an LC filter network is formed through the cascaded design of a spiral inductor and a parallel capacitor, further optimizing impedance matching and suppressing high-frequency components. A parallel capacitor at the output reduces port reflections and improves signal transmission efficiency.

[0058] In one embodiment, the second-stage first spiral inductor 14 and the second-stage first parallel capacitor 16 are connected in series, with the second-stage grounding capacitor 15 connected in the middle to form an LC network to adjust the impedance; the second-stage second spiral inductor 17 and the second-stage second parallel capacitor 18 are connected in parallel and then connected to the output port to reduce the return loss of the output port and ensure efficient signal output.

[0059] Furthermore,

[0060] In the left and right branch circuits, a second-level first parallel capacitor 16 is connected between the two branches of the second-level branch circuit, and a second-level second parallel capacitor 18 is connected between the two branches of the second-level branch circuit, and a second-level second isolation resistor 20 is connected between the two branches of the second-level branch circuit.

[0061] A second-level first isolation resistor 19 and a second-level second isolation resistor 20 are set between the parallel capacitors in the second-level branch circuit. The energy dissipation characteristics of the resistors suppress electromagnetic coupling between the output ports, further improve the isolation of the output ports, and avoid mutual interference between multi-channel signals.

[0062] Furthermore,

[0063] The secondary grounding capacitor 13 is composed of multiple small capacitors connected in series.

[0064] The secondary grounding capacitor 13 uses multiple small-sized capacitors connected in series to achieve a very small equivalent capacitance value (such as 0.01pF), which solves the problem of excessive capacitance value of standard capacitors in the ultra-high frequency band, while reducing the difficulty of manufacturing process and ensuring the phase consistency of high frequency signals.

[0065] The method of using this utility model is as follows:

[0066] After the signal is input from RF input port 1, it first undergoes initial power distribution through a first-stage branch circuit. A grounding capacitor 6 connected in parallel at the input port bypasses high-frequency components to ground, reducing return loss and improving signal purity. Subsequently, the first-stage branch circuit suppresses high-frequency interference through a first-stage first spiral inductor 7 and achieves impedance matching through a second-stage second spiral inductor 10. The symmetrical branch design ensures the signal is evenly divided into two paths, and an isolation circuit composed of a capacitor-resistor-capacitor structure reduces crosstalk between branches. The two signals output from the first-stage branch circuit enter the second-stage branch circuit. At the branch point of the second-stage branch circuit, a second-stage grounding capacitor composed of multiple small-sized capacitors connected in parallel compensates for phase and amplitude deviations in the ultra-high frequency band, reducing signal reflection. The second-stage branch circuit further optimizes impedance matching through an LC network composed of spiral inductors and capacitors, and uses isolation resistors and output isolation circuits to suppress electromagnetic coupling between ports. Finally, RF output ports a2, b3, c4, and d5 output signals with balanced amplitude, consistent phase, and mutual isolation.

[0067] The entire process utilizes two-stage symmetrical frequency division and impedance matching design to achieve low-loss, low-reflection, and high-isolation signal distribution within the 6GHz-18GHz ultra-wideband range.

[0068] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of this utility model. It should be understood that the above description is only a specific embodiment of this utility model and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of this utility model. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this utility model should be included within the scope of protection of this utility model.

Claims

1. A compact one-to-four power divider, characterized by, It includes one radio frequency input terminal (1) and four radio frequency output ports, namely radio frequency output port a (2), radio frequency output port b (3), radio frequency output port c (4), and radio frequency output port d (5); The radio frequency input terminal (1) is symmetrically formed with left and right branches. The left and right branches are completely identical. Both the left and right branches include a first-level branch circuit and a second-level branch circuit. The first-level branch circuit is directly connected to the radio frequency input terminal (1) to perform the first division of the signal. The output of the first-level branch circuit is used as the input of the second-level branch circuit. The second-level branch circuit performs the second division of the input and connects it to the corresponding output port for output.

2. A compact one-to-four power divider according to claim 1, characterized in that The left and right branch circuits are connected in parallel with a grounding capacitor (6) at the RF input terminal (1).

3. A compact one-to-four power divider according to claim 2, wherein, Each of the first-level branch circuits includes a first-level first spiral inductor (7), a first-level grounding capacitor (8), a first-level first isolation capacitor (9), a first-level second spiral inductor (10), a first-level second isolation capacitor (21), and a first-level second isolation resistor (22). One end of the first-level first spiral inductor (7) is directly connected to the input port, and the other end is connected in series with the first-level second spiral inductor (10) and in parallel with the first-level first isolation capacitor (9). The output end of the first-level second spiral inductor (10) is connected to the second-level branch circuit and in parallel with the first-level second isolation capacitor (21). A first-level first isolation resistor (11) is connected between the isolation capacitors (9) on the left and right branch circuits, and a first-level second isolation resistor (22) is connected between the first-level second isolation capacitors (21).

4. A compact one-to-four power divider according to claim 3, wherein The secondary branch circuit transmits the signal from the output terminal of the first-level second spiral inductor (10) in the first-level branch circuit to the secondary branch circuit as the total input through the matching transmission line (23). The secondary branch circuit branches at the connection point with the matching transmission line (23) to form two identical partial branch circuits. A secondary first grounding capacitor (12) is also provided at the end of the matching transmission line (23). A secondary second grounding capacitor (13) is connected in parallel at the connection point with the matching transmission line (23). The two partial branch circuits are connected to different radio frequency output ports.

5. A compact one-to-four power divider according to claim 4, characterized in that The secondary branch circuit includes a secondary first spiral inductor (14), a secondary grounding capacitor (15), a secondary first parallel capacitor (16), a secondary second spiral inductor (17), and a secondary second parallel capacitor (18). The secondary first spiral inductor (14) is connected to the secondary first parallel capacitor (16), and the secondary grounding capacitor (15) is connected between them. The secondary first parallel capacitor (16) is connected to one end of the secondary second spiral inductor (17), and the other end of the secondary second spiral inductor (17) is connected to the RF output port and connected in parallel with the secondary second parallel capacitor (18).

6. A compact one-to-four power divider according to claim 5, wherein, In the left and right branch circuits, a second-level first parallel capacitor (16) is connected between the two branches of the second-level branch circuit, and a second-level second parallel capacitor (18) is connected between the two branches of the second-level branch circuit, and a second-level second isolation resistor (20) is connected between the two branches of the second-level branch circuit.

7. A compact one-to-four power divider according to claim 4, wherein The secondary grounding capacitor (13) is composed of multiple small capacitors connected in series.

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