Laser assembly and laser
By combining a heat-conducting box, a heat-conducting encapsulation component, and a heat-conducting pipe, the problem of fiber optic cable being easily pulled and twisted between the combiner and the cladding stripper is solved, achieving stable operation and good heat dissipation performance of the laser and improving its reliability.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- WUHAN AOTEKANG EQUIPMENT CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-06-05
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-21
AI Technical Summary
The optical fiber between the combiner and the cladding stripper is easily pulled and twisted, causing the laser to operate unstablely.
The system employs a combination structure of a heat-conducting box, a heat-conducting encapsulation component, and a heat-conducting pipe. The input and pump optical fibers are fixed to the heat-conducting box through the heat-conducting encapsulation component, and the output optical fiber is fixed through the heat-conducting pipe, thereby achieving effective heat conduction and preventing relative movement and twisting of the optical fibers.
Stable operation of the laser components was achieved, heat dissipation performance was improved, relative movement and twisting of the optical fibers were prevented, and the reliability of the laser was ensured.
Smart Images
Figure CN224153755U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This application belongs to the field of laser technology, specifically relating to a laser component and a laser. Background Technology
[0002] The laser includes a beam combiner and a cladding stripper connected to the beam combiner. The beam combiner and the cladding stripper are usually manufactured separately, and then the optical fibers of the beam combiner and the cladding stripper are connected together. The beam combiner and the cladding stripper are prone to relative movement before they are installed and fixed, and the optical fiber between the beam combiner and the cladding stripper is easily pulled and twisted. Utility Model Content
[0003] The purpose of this application is to provide a laser component and a laser to solve the technical problem in the prior art that the optical fiber between the combiner and the cladding stripper is easily pulled and twisted.
[0004] To achieve the above objectives, an embodiment of the first aspect of this application provides a laser assembly, comprising: a heat-conducting housing; a beam combiner including an input optical fiber, a plurality of pump optical fibers, and a heat-conducting encapsulation, wherein the input optical fiber and the plurality of pump optical fibers are all connected to the heat-conducting encapsulation, the heat-conducting encapsulation being disposed within the heat-conducting housing, and the heat-conducting encapsulation being used to conduct heat from the input optical fiber and the plurality of pump optical fibers to the heat-conducting housing; a stripper including an output optical fiber and a heat-conducting pipe, wherein the output optical fiber is connected to one end of the input optical fiber and is connected to the heat-conducting pipe, the output optical fiber including a texturized segment disposed within the heat-conducting pipe; and the heat-conducting pipe being disposed within the heat-conducting housing, the heat-conducting pipe being used to conduct heat from the output optical fiber to the heat-conducting housing.
[0005] In some embodiments, both the heat-conducting box and the heat-conducting encapsulation extend along a first direction. The heat-conducting encapsulation has a first groove that penetrates the heat-conducting encapsulation along the first direction. The input optical fiber and the pump optical fiber are both fixed in the first groove and in contact with the groove wall of the first groove. The heat-conducting encapsulation has a bottom surface and two side surfaces. The bottom surface is located on one side of the first groove along its depth direction, and the two side surfaces are located on both sides of the first groove along its width direction. The heat-conducting box includes a heat-conducting base plate and two heat-conducting side plates, wherein the heat-conducting base plate is connected to the bottom surface, and / or the two heat-conducting side plates are connected to the two side surfaces respectively.
[0006] In some embodiments, the pump fibers are connected to the input fibers at a position located at the middle of the first groove along a first direction.
[0007] In some embodiments, the length of the thermally conductive package is 80mm-100mm in the first direction.
[0008] In some embodiments, the bundler further includes thermally conductive adhesive that fixes the input fiber and the pump fiber to the groove wall of the first groove; and / or, thermally conductive adhesive fills the gap between the thermally conductive base plate and the bottom surface, and thermally conductive adhesive fills the gap between the thermally conductive side plate and the side surface.
[0009] In some embodiments, the heat-conducting box body is provided with a second groove extending along a first direction. The second groove is located on one side of the heat-conducting package along the first direction, and the groove wall of the second groove is in contact with the outer surface of the heat-conducting pipe.
[0010] In some embodiments, the laser assembly further includes a heat-conducting element connected to the heat-conducting housing, the heat-conducting element having a third groove extending along a first direction, the third groove and the second groove forming a receiving hole, and a heat-conducting tube disposed in the receiving hole; the heat-conducting tube is made of a light-transmitting material, and the roughened section is capable of radiating heat to the heat-conducting element.
[0011] In some embodiments, both ends of the heat pipe along the first direction are located outside the receiving hole; the laser assembly further includes a connecting structure, which is connected between the end of the heat pipe along the first direction and the heat-conducting base plate, and the connecting structure is spaced apart from the heat-conducting component.
[0012] In some embodiments, the heat pipe comprises sapphire material; and / or, the heat-conducting package comprises sapphire material.
[0013] An embodiment of the second aspect of this application also provides a laser, including the laser assembly of any one of the embodiments of the first aspect.
[0014] The beneficial effects of the laser assembly and laser provided in this application are as follows: A thermally conductive encapsulation connects the input fiber, pump fiber, and thermally conductive housing, fixing the input and pump fiber combiner relative to the thermally conductive housing. The thermally conductive encapsulation can conduct heat from the input and pump fibers to the thermally conductive housing, enabling rapid heat dissipation from the input and pump fibers. A heat-conducting pipe connects the output fiber to the thermally conductive housing, fixing the output fiber relative to the housing. The heat-conducting pipe can also conduct heat from the output fiber to the housing, enabling rapid heat dissipation from the output fiber. The thermally conductive housing can conduct heat from the laser assembly to the external air, ensuring stable operation of the laser assembly. Since both the input and output fibers are fixed relative to the thermally conductive housing, relative movement and twisting are less likely. This application solves the technical problem of the fiber between the combiner and the cladding stripper being easily pulled and twisted. Attached Figure Description
[0015] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.
[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a laser assembly provided in some embodiments of this application;
[0017] Figure 2 This application provides schematic diagrams of the internal structure of laser components according to some embodiments;
[0018] Figure 3 for Figure 2 AA cross-sectional view of the laser assembly;
[0019] Figure 4 for Figure 3 Enlarged view of part B in the middle;
[0020] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the thermally conductive encapsulation, the thermally conductive component and the connection between the thermally conductive box body provided in some embodiments of this application;
[0021] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a heat-conducting component provided in some embodiments of this application;
[0022] Figure 7 A flowchart illustrating a method for fabricating a laser component according to some embodiments of this application.
[0023] The following are the labeling elements in the figure:
[0024] 100. Laser components;
[0025] 10. Bundle; 11. Input fiber; 12. Pump fiber; 13. Thermally conductive encapsulation; 131. Bottom surface; 132. Side surface; 133. First groove;
[0026] 20. Stripper; 21. Output optical fiber; 22. Heat pipe;
[0027] 30. Heat-conducting box body; 31. Second groove; 32. Heat-conducting base plate; 33. Heat-conducting side plate; 34. Cover plate;
[0028] 40. Heat-conducting component; 41. Third groove;
[0029] 50. Connection structure;
[0030] 60. Thermal conductive adhesive;
[0031] 70. Receiving hole. Detailed Implementation
[0032] To make the technical problems, technical solutions, and beneficial effects to be solved by this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and are not intended to limit the scope of this application.
[0033] It should be noted that when a component is referred to as being "fixed to" or "set on" another component, it can be directly on or indirectly on that other component. When a component is referred to as being "connected to" another component, it can be directly connected to or indirectly connected to that other component.
[0034] It should be understood that the terms "length", "width", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application.
[0035] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.
[0036] In recent years, fiber lasers have developed rapidly in my country, with their size becoming increasingly smaller. They possess advantages such as high conversion efficiency, good beam quality, convenient thermal management, and compact structure, and have been widely applied in industrial manufacturing and other fields. Among these, the fiber combiner is a core component for realizing high-power fiber lasers. It can combine the power output from multiple high-power pump sources in a single laser, providing higher pump power for the fiber laser.
[0037] An embodiment of the first aspect of this application provides a laser assembly for combining optical signals and removing residual pump light in a laser.
[0038] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 The laser assembly 100 of this application embodiment includes a heat-conducting housing 30, a beam combiner 10, and a stripper 20. The beam combiner 10 includes an input fiber 11, a plurality of pump fibers 12, and a heat-conducting encapsulation 13. The input fiber 11 and the plurality of pump fibers 12 are all connected to the heat-conducting encapsulation 13. The heat-conducting encapsulation 13 is disposed inside the heat-conducting housing 30 and is used to conduct heat from the input fiber 11 and the plurality of pump fibers 12 to the heat-conducting housing 30.
[0039] The stripper 20 includes an output optical fiber 21 and a heat pipe 22. The output optical fiber 21 is connected to one end of the input optical fiber 11 and the output optical fiber 21 is connected to the heat pipe 22. The output optical fiber 21 includes a hair-like section disposed in the heat pipe 22. The heat pipe 22 is disposed in the heat-conducting box 30 and is used to conduct the heat of the output optical fiber 21 to the heat-conducting box 30.
[0040] The combiner 10 is used to combine optical signals. Multiple pump fibers 12 are connected to the input fiber 11. The pump fibers 12 can be connected to a pump light source and are used to transmit pump light to the input fiber 11. The input fiber 11 can also be connected to an active fiber that transmits signal light. The input fiber 11 can transmit pump light to the active fiber, causing changes in the active fiber and enhancing the energy of the signal light.
[0041] The input fiber 11 and pump fiber 12 generate heat during operation. Optionally, the input fiber 11 and pump fiber 12 can directly contact the thermally conductive package 13, transferring heat to the thermally conductive package 13 through contact heat transfer. Optionally, the input fiber 11 and pump fiber 12 can also be connected to the thermally conductive package 13 through other thermally conductive structures, transferring heat from the input fiber 11 and pump fiber 12 to the thermally conductive package 13 through these other thermally conductive structures. Optionally, the input fiber 11 can be a polarization-maintaining fiber.
[0042] Optionally, the thermally conductive encapsulation 13 can directly contact the inner surface of the thermally conductive housing 30, transferring heat to the housing 30 through contact heat transfer. Alternatively, the thermally conductive encapsulation 13 can be connected to the inner surface of the housing 30 via other thermally conductive structures, transferring heat to the housing 30 through these structures. The thermally conductive encapsulation 13 can also secure the input optical fiber 11 and the pump optical fiber 12. Optionally, the thermally conductive encapsulation 13 can be made of materials such as sapphire or quartz, enabling rapid heat conduction.
[0043] The stripper 20, also known as the cladding power stripper (CPS), is used to remove cladding light, which refers to the stray light remaining in the cladding. The outer surface of the texturing section is relatively rough, which can hinder the continued transmission of cladding light and cause the heat of the cladding light to radiate to the heat pipe 22 outside the texturing section. Optionally, the texturing section is located in the middle of the heat pipe 22 along its own length, and the texturing section can radiate heat to the middle of the heat pipe 22, so that the heat in the middle of the heat pipe 22 is evenly conducted to both ends. Optionally, the texturing section can be formed by texturing the output fiber 21 with a texturing liquid. Optionally, the output fiber 21 can be a polarization-maintaining fiber. Optionally, the output fiber 21 and the input fiber 11 can be different segments of the same fiber.
[0044] The heat pipe 22 absorbs heat from the cladding optical transmission and conducts it to the heat-conducting housing 30. Optionally, the heat pipe 22 can be in direct contact with the inner surface of the heat-conducting housing 30, transferring heat to the housing through contact. Alternatively, the heat pipe 22 can be connected to the inner surface of the heat-conducting housing 30 via other heat-conducting structures, transferring heat to the housing through these structures. The heat pipe 22 can also fix the output optical fiber 21 and protect the fluffed section. Optionally, the heat pipe 22 can be made of materials such as aluminum alloy, sapphire, or quartz, enabling rapid heat conduction.
[0045] The heat-conducting housing 30 is used to conduct heat from the heat-conducting encapsulation 13 and the heat-conducting pipe 22 to the air outside the heat-conducting housing 30. The heat-conducting housing 30 separates the bundle combiner 10 and the stripper 20 from the space outside the heat-conducting housing 30, thus protecting the bundle combiner 10 and the stripper 20. Optionally, the heat-conducting housing 30 can be made of materials such as aluminum alloy or copper, which have good thermal conductivity.
[0046] In use, the end of the pump fiber 12 furthest from the input fiber 11 is connected to the pump light source, and the end of the input fiber 11 furthest from the output fiber 21 is connected to the signal light source via an active fiber. The pump fiber 12 transmits the pump light through the input fiber 11 to the active fiber. The heat from the input fiber 11 and the pump fiber 12 is conducted to the thermally conductive encapsulated component 13, which then conducts the heat to the thermally conductive housing 30. When the cladding light in the laser assembly 100 and other connected devices is transmitted to the texturing section, it radiates from the texturing section to the heat pipe 22, causing the residual cladding light to separate from the output fiber 21. The heat pipe 22 absorbs the heat from the cladding light and conducts it to the thermally conductive housing 30. The thermally conductive housing 30 finally conducts the heat to the outside air.
[0047] The beneficial effects of this embodiment are as follows: The thermally conductive encapsulation 13 connects the input optical fiber 11, the pump optical fiber 12, and the thermally conductive housing 30, fixing the input optical fiber 11 and the pump optical fiber 12 bundler 10 relative to the thermally conductive housing 30. The thermally conductive encapsulation 13 can conduct the heat from the input optical fiber 11 and the pump optical fiber 12 to the thermally conductive housing 30, allowing for rapid heat dissipation from the input optical fiber 11 and the pump optical fiber 12. The heat pipe 22 connects the output optical fiber 21 to the thermally conductive housing 30, fixing the output optical fiber 21 relative to the thermally conductive housing 30. The heat pipe 22 can conduct the heat from the output optical fiber 21 to the thermally conductive housing 30, allowing for rapid heat dissipation from the output optical fiber 21. The thermally conductive housing 30 can conduct the heat from the laser assembly 100 to the external air, ensuring stable operation of the laser assembly 100. Since both the input optical fiber 11 and the output optical fiber 21 are fixed relative to the thermally conductive housing 30, relative movement and twisting are less likely to occur. The laser assembly 100 provided in this application embodiment can solve the technical problem that the optical fiber between the combiner and the cladding stripper is easily pulled and twisted. The laser assembly 100 has good heat dissipation performance, which improves the reliability of use.
[0048] In some embodiments, please refer to Figures 2 to 5 Both the heat-conducting housing 30 and the heat-conducting encapsulation 13 extend along the first direction X. The heat-conducting encapsulation 13 has a first groove 133 that extends through the heat-conducting encapsulation 13 along the first direction X. The input optical fiber 11 and the pump optical fiber 12 are both fixed in the first groove 133 and in contact with the groove wall of the first groove 133. The heat-conducting encapsulation 13 has a bottom surface 131 and two side surfaces 132. The bottom surface 131 is located on one side of the first groove 133 along its depth direction Z, and the two side surfaces 132 are respectively located on both sides of the first groove 133 along its width direction Y.
[0049] The heat-conducting box body 30 includes a heat-conducting base plate 32 and two heat-conducting side plates 33, wherein the heat-conducting base plate 32 is connected to the bottom surface 131, and / or the two heat-conducting side plates 33 are respectively connected to the two side surfaces 132.
[0050] The first groove 133 is used to accommodate the input optical fiber 11 and the pump optical fiber 12. The first groove 133 has openings at both ends of the thermally conductive package 13 along the first direction X. The input optical fiber 11 and the pump optical fiber 12 can extend from the openings at both ends of the first groove 133 along the first direction X to the outside of the first groove 133.
[0051] The input fiber 11 and pump fiber 12 are in contact with the groove wall of the first groove 133, enabling direct heat conduction to the thermally conductive package 13. The depth direction Z and width direction Y of the first groove 133 are both perpendicular to the first direction X. The bottom surface 131 and the side surface 132 are located on different sides of the thermally conductive package 13 along its length perpendicular to its own direction. The distance between the bottom surface 131 and the first groove 133, and the distance between the side surface 132 and the first groove 133, are relatively close. The input fiber 11 and pump fiber 12 at different positions in the groove can quickly conduct heat to the bottom surface 131 and the side surface 132. Optionally, both the bottom surface 131 and the side surface 132 extend along the first direction X.
[0052] The first groove 133 has an opening at one end along its depth direction Z, away from the bottom surface 131.
[0053] Optionally, the heat-conducting base plate 32 can be connected to the bottom surface 131. The heat-conducting base plate 32 is located on one side of the heat-conducting encapsulation 13 along the depth direction Z of the first groove 133. Heat in the heat-conducting encapsulation 13 can be conducted to the heat-conducting base plate 32 through the bottom surface 131. Optionally, the heat-conducting side plates 33 can also be connected to the two side surfaces 132 respectively. The two heat-conducting side plates 33 are located on both sides of the heat-conducting encapsulation 13 along the width direction Y of the first groove 133. Heat in the heat-conducting encapsulation 13 can be conducted to the heat-conducting side plates 33 through the side surfaces 132. Optionally, the heat-conducting base plate 32 can be connected to the bottom surface 131, and the two heat-conducting side plates 33 can be connected to the two side surfaces 132 respectively. Heat in the heat-conducting encapsulation 13 can be conducted to the heat-conducting base plate 32 and the heat-conducting side plates 33 through the bottom surface 131 and the side surfaces 132 respectively.
[0054] In lasers, excessive cladding light directly reduces beam quality, causing the beam combiner 10 to heat up and reducing the brightness of the laser output. To eliminate the impact of cladding light on the optical path and ensure stable system operation, a beam combiner 10 with a good heat dissipation structure needs to be designed.
[0055] The beneficial effects of this embodiment are as follows: the bottom surface 131 of the thermally conductive encapsulator 13 can be connected to the thermally conductive base plate 32, and the two side surfaces 132 can be connected to the two thermally conductive side plates 33 respectively. Heat from the thermally conductive encapsulator 13 can be conducted from the bottom surface 131 and the two side surfaces 132 to the thermally conductive base plate 32 and the thermally conductive side plates 33 of the thermally conductive housing 30, respectively. Compared with existing quartz plate heat transfer, the thermally conductive encapsulator 13 has a larger heat transfer area and can dissipate heat quickly.
[0056] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 2 The multiple pump optical fibers 12 are connected to the input optical fiber 11 at the middle position of the first groove 133 along the first direction X.
[0057] The middle position of the first groove 133 along the first direction X is also the middle position of the thermally conductive package 13 along the first direction X. The location where the multiple pump fibers 12 connect to the input fiber 11 generates significant heat. This heat is conducted along the first direction X towards both ends of the thermally conductive package 13, and then to the thermally conductive housing 30. By positioning the connection points of the multiple pump fibers 12 and the input fiber 11 at the middle position of the thermally conductive package 13 along the first direction X, the heat at these connections can be evenly conducted to both ends of the thermally conductive package 13 along the first direction X. This fully utilizes the heat dissipation capabilities of all parts of the thermally conductive package 13 along the first direction X, allowing the laser assembly 100 to withstand pump power exceeding 4200W. With the same heat dissipation effect, the thermally conductive package 13 is shorter, allowing for a shorter thermally conductive housing 30 and requiring less installation space.
[0058] In some embodiments, the length of the thermally conductive package 13 in the first direction X is 80mm-100mm.
[0059] Optionally, the length of the thermally conductive encapsulator 13 can be set to 80mm, and the thermally conductive housing 30 can be set to a smaller length. Optionally, the length of the thermally conductive encapsulator 13 can also be set to 100mm, which results in faster heat dissipation. Optionally, the length of the thermally conductive encapsulator 13 can also be set to 90mm.
[0060] The beneficial effects of this application embodiment are that limiting the length of the thermally conductive package 13 to the above range can ensure the heat dissipation speed of the thermally conductive package 13, and the length of the thermally conductive package 13 is small, so the thermally conductive box 30 can be set to a smaller length.
[0061] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 2 The bundle combiner 10 also includes thermally conductive adhesive 60, which fixes the input optical fiber 11 and the pump optical fiber 12 to the groove wall of the first groove 133.
[0062] Partial outer surfaces of the input fiber 11 and the pump fiber 12 in the first groove 133 are connected to the groove wall of the first groove 133 by thermally conductive adhesive 60. The heat from the input fiber 11 and the pump fiber 12 can be conducted to the thermally conductive package 13 through the thermally conductive adhesive 60. Another portion of the outer surface of the input fiber 11 and the other portion of the outer surface of the pump fiber 12 are in direct contact with the groove wall of the first groove 133. The heat from the input fiber 11 and the pump fiber 12 can be directly conducted to the thermally conductive package 13.
[0063] Optionally, the connection points of the thermally conductive adhesive 60 with the input optical fiber 11 and the pump optical fiber 12 are spaced apart to prevent the thermally conductive adhesive 60 from failing due to excessive temperature. For example, the thermally conductive adhesive 60 can be connected to both sides of the connection points of the input optical fiber 11 and the pump optical fiber 12 along the first direction X, with a 15mm interval between the connection points of the thermally conductive adhesive 60 with the input optical fiber 11 and the pump optical fiber 12.
[0064] The beneficial effect of this application embodiment is that: by using thermally conductive adhesive 60 to fix the input optical fiber 11 and the pump optical fiber 12, the input optical fiber 11 and the pump optical fiber 12 can conduct heat to the thermally conductive encapsulation 13 through the thermally conductive adhesive 60, which can accelerate the heat dissipation of the input optical fiber 11 and the pump optical fiber 12.
[0065] In some embodiments, please refer to Figures 2 to 4 The bundler 10 also includes thermally conductive adhesive 60, which fills the gap between the thermally conductive base plate 32 and the bottom surface 131, and also fills the gap between the thermally conductive side plate 33 and the side surface 132.
[0066] A portion of the thermally conductive adhesive 60 is connected between the thermally conductive base plate 32 and the bottom surface 131, while another portion of the thermally conductive adhesive 60 is connected between the two thermally conductive side plates 33 and the two side surfaces 132, respectively. The thermally conductive encapsulation 13 conducts heat to the thermally conductive housing 30 through the thermally conductive adhesive 60. The thermally conductive adhesive 60 fixes the thermally conductive encapsulation 13 to the thermally conductive housing 30.
[0067] The beneficial effects of this application embodiment are as follows: the thermally conductive adhesive 60 has fluidity, which easily fills the gap between the thermally conductive encapsulation 13 and the thermally conductive box 30, reducing the amount of air with a heat-insulating effect between the thermally conductive encapsulation 13 and the thermally conductive box 30, thereby improving the heat transfer efficiency of the thermally conductive encapsulation 13 to the thermally conductive box 30. Because the thermally conductive encapsulation 13 and the thermally conductive box 30 are relatively short, less thermally conductive adhesive 60 is needed. When manufacturing the thermally conductive encapsulation 13 and the thermally conductive box 30, the bottom surface 131, the side surface 132, the thermally conductive base plate 32, and the thermally conductive side plate 33 can be processed to be flatter. The thickness of the thermally conductive adhesive 60 between the thermally conductive encapsulation 13 and the thermally conductive box 30 is more consistent and less prone to air bubbles. The thermally conductive adhesive 60 can conduct heat stably in various environments.
[0068] In some embodiments, please refer to Figures 2 to 4 The bundle combiner 10 also includes thermally conductive adhesive 60, which fixes the input optical fiber 11 and the pump optical fiber 12 to the groove wall of the first groove 133; the thermally conductive adhesive 60 fills the gap between the thermally conductive base plate 32 and the bottom surface 131, and the thermally conductive adhesive 60 fills the gap between the thermally conductive side plate 33 and the side surface 132.
[0069] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 2 and Figure 5The heat-conducting box 30 is provided with a second groove 31 extending along the first direction X. The second groove 31 is located on one side of the heat-conducting encapsulation 13 along the first direction X. The groove wall of the second groove 31 is in contact with the outer surface of the heat-conducting pipe 22. The heat-conducting pipe 22 and the heat-conducting box 30 transfer heat through contact.
[0070] The second groove 31 extends along the first direction X on one side of the thermally conductive package 13. That is, the heat-conducting pipe 22 in the second groove 31 and the entire first groove 133 extend along the first direction X. The overall length direction of the input optical fiber 11 in the first groove 133 and the output optical fiber 21 in the heat-conducting pipe 22 is the first direction X.
[0071] Compared to a flat surface, the second groove 31 has a larger wall area for the same width, resulting in a larger contact area between the heat pipe 22 and the heat-conducting box 30. Optionally, the heat pipe 22 can be a circular tube, and the wall of the second groove 31 can be arc-shaped.
[0072] Optionally, the second groove 31 is 0.1 mm longer than the heat pipe 22, so that the heat pipe 22 can be completely placed inside the second groove 31.
[0073] To ensure the stable operation of the laser, a high-performance cladding stripper must also be manufactured.
[0074] The beneficial effects of this embodiment are as follows: the length direction of the input optical fiber 11 and the output optical fiber 21 are consistent, making them less prone to bending during installation. The groove wall of the second groove 31 is in contact with the outer surface of the heat-conducting pipe 22, resulting in a larger contact area between the heat-conducting pipe 22 and the heat-conducting box 30, allowing the heat-conducting pipe 22 to quickly conduct heat to the heat-conducting box 30.
[0075] In some embodiments, the length of the heat pipe 22 in the first direction X is 50 mm, and the length of the heat-conducting box 30 in the first direction X is 150 mm.
[0076] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 2 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 The laser assembly 100 also includes a heat-conducting element 40 connected to the heat-conducting box 30. The heat-conducting element 40 is provided with a third groove 41 extending along the first direction X. The third groove 41 and the second groove 31 form a receiving hole 70. The heat-conducting pipe 22 is disposed in the receiving hole 70. The heat-conducting pipe 22 is made of a light-transmitting material, and the roughened section can radiate heat to the heat-conducting element 40.
[0077] The length direction of the third groove 41 is the same as that of the second groove 31, and the opening of the third groove 41 along its depth direction is directly opposite the opening of the second groove 31 along its depth direction. Optionally, the diameter of the third groove 41 can be larger than the diameter of the heat-conducting pipe 22, which facilitates the installation of the heat-conducting pipe 22 into the receiving hole 70. Optionally, the diameter of the third groove 41 can also be equal to the diameter of the heat-conducting pipe 22. Optionally, the heat-conducting component 40 is connected to the heat-conducting base plate 32 and the second groove 31 is located on the heat-conducting base plate 32, so that both the bundler 10 and the stripper 20 can contact and dissipate heat with other components through the heat-conducting base plate 32.
[0078] Optionally, the heat-conducting component 40 and the heat-conducting box 30 are integrated into one structure, resulting in high production efficiency.
[0079] The textured section is disposed within the receiving hole 70. The textured section is capable of emitting light, and the heat-conducting pipe 22 is made of a light-transmitting material, so the light emitted by the textured section can pass through the heat-conducting pipe 22 and be directed to the heat-conducting component 40, and the heat in the light can be radiated to the heat-conducting component 40 through the heat-conducting pipe 22. Optionally, the heat-conducting component 40 can be made of metals such as aluminum alloy or copper.
[0080] Optionally, the heat pipe 22 can be made of materials such as sapphire or quartz, which can quickly conduct heat and is transparent to light.
[0081] The beneficial effects of this application embodiment are as follows: by setting the heat pipe 22 as a light-transmitting material and setting the heat-conducting component 40, the texturing section can radiate heat to the heat pipe 22 and the heat-conducting component 40, and the heat pipe 22 and the heat-conducting component 40 can quickly conduct heat to the heat-conducting box 30, which can quickly dissipate the heat around the texturing section, reduce the temperature of the texturing section, and remove about 300W of cladding light, with a removal efficiency of more than 22dB (≥99.37%).
[0082] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 2 and Figure 5 Both ends of the heat pipe 22 along the first direction X are located outside the receiving hole 70; the laser assembly 100 also includes a connecting structure 50, which is connected between the end of the heat pipe 22 along the first direction X and the heat-conducting box 30, and the connecting structure 50 and the heat-conducting component 40 are spaced apart.
[0083] Both ends of the heat pipe 22 along the first direction X are located outside the receiving hole 70, that is, the heat-conducting element 40 is located between the two ends of the heat pipe 22 along the first direction X.
[0084] The connecting structure 50 is connected to the end of the heat-conducting pipe 22 along the first direction X, that is, the connecting structure 50 is located outside the receiving hole 70, and the connecting structure 50 is spaced apart from the roughened section in the first direction X. Optionally, the connecting structure 50 can be connected between both ends of the heat-conducting pipe 22 along the first direction X and the heat-conducting housing 30, making the connection between the heat-conducting pipe 22 and the heat-conducting housing 30 more secure. Optionally, the connecting structure 50 can also be connected between one end of the heat-conducting pipe 22 along the first direction X and the heat-conducting housing 30. Optionally, the connecting structure 50 can be made of thermally conductive adhesive, capable of conducting the heat of the heat-conducting pipe 22 to the heat-conducting housing 30.
[0085] If the connecting structure 50 and the heat-conducting component 40 are spaced apart, the heat from the heat-conducting component 40 cannot be conducted to the connecting structure 50.
[0086] The beneficial effects of this embodiment are as follows: the connecting structure 50 is connected between the heat-conducting pipe 22 and the heat-conducting shell, which can fix the heat-conducting pipe 22 and the output optical fiber 21. Since the connecting structure 50 is connected to the end of the heat-conducting pipe 22 along its own length, the distance between the connecting structure 50 and the texturing section is relatively large, and the connecting structure 50 is less affected by the heat from the texturing section. Furthermore, since the connecting structure 50 is spaced apart from the heat-conducting component 40, the connecting structure 50 is less affected by the heat from the heat-conducting component 40, preventing the connecting structure 50 from failing at high temperatures.
[0087] In some embodiments, the output optical fiber 21 and the heat pipe 22 are bonded together at both ends along the first direction X using adhesive. The adhesive separates the output optical fiber 21 from the heat pipe 22, creating a gap between the output optical fiber 21 and the heat pipe 22 along its radial direction, which prevents the end of the heat pipe 22 from wearing down the output optical fiber 21. Optionally, thermally conductive adhesive or the like can be used as the adhesive.
[0088] In some embodiments, the heat pipe 22 comprises sapphire material; and / or, the heat-conducting package 13 comprises sapphire material.
[0089] Optionally, the heat pipe 22 may include sapphire material, and the heat pipe 22 has good thermal conductivity. Optionally, the thermally conductive package 13 may also include sapphire material, and the thermally conductive package 13 has good thermal conductivity. Optionally, the heat pipe 22 may include sapphire material, and the thermally conductive package 13 may include sapphire material.
[0090] The beneficial effects of this application embodiment are as follows: Sapphire material has a high thermal conductivity, and the inclusion of sapphire material in the heat pipe 22 and the heat-conducting encapsulation 13 enables the heat pipe 22 and the heat-conducting encapsulation 13 to quickly conduct heat to the heat-conducting housing 30. Sapphire has a low coefficient of thermal expansion, so the heat-conducting encapsulation 13 is less likely to cause the pump fiber 12 and input fiber 11 to move or deform through the thermally conductive adhesive 60 connected to it after being heated; the heat pipe 22 is also less likely to cause the output fiber 21 to move or deform through the thermally conductive adhesive 60 connected to it.
[0091] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 The heat-conducting box body 30 includes a cover plate 34 opposite to the heat-conducting base plate 32. The cover plate 34 is detachably connected to two heat-conducting side plates 33. After removing the cover plate 34, it is convenient to install the bundler 10 and the stripper 20.
[0092] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 2 Multiple pump optical fibers 12 extend along the heat-conducting side plate 33 to the outside of the heat-conducting box 30. The pump optical fibers 12 are spaced apart from the heat-conducting component 40 to prevent the heat from the heat-conducting component 40 from affecting the pump optical fibers 12.
[0093] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 5 The heat-conducting housing 30 has multiple through holes, which are respectively located at both ends of the heat-conducting housing 30 along the first direction X. The input optical fiber 11, pump optical fiber 12, and output optical fiber 21 extend out of the heat-conducting housing 30 through each through hole. The input optical fiber 11, pump optical fiber 12, and output optical fiber 21 can be glued to the walls of the through holes.
[0094] In some embodiments, please refer to Figures 1 to 6 The laser assembly 100 includes a heat-conducting housing 30, a beam combiner 10, a stripper 20, and a heat-conducting component 40. The beam combiner 10 includes an input fiber 11, a plurality of pump fibers 12, and a heat-conducting encapsulation 13. The input fiber 11 and the plurality of pump fibers 12 are all connected to the heat-conducting encapsulation 13, which is disposed within the housing. The heat-conducting encapsulation 13 is used to conduct heat from the input fiber 11 and the plurality of pump fibers 12 to the heat-conducting housing 30.
[0095] Both the heat-conducting housing 30 and the heat-conducting encapsulation 13 extend along the first direction X. The heat-conducting encapsulation 13 has a first groove 133 that extends through it along the first direction X. The input optical fiber 11 and the pump optical fiber 12 are both fixed within the first groove 133 and contact the groove wall. The heat-conducting encapsulation 13 has a bottom surface 131 and two side surfaces 132. The bottom surface 131 is located on one side of the first groove 133 along its depth direction Z, and the two side surfaces 132 are located on both sides of the first groove 133 along its width direction Y. The pump optical fibers 12 are connected to the input optical fiber 11 at the middle position of the first groove 133 along the first direction X.
[0096] The stripper 20 includes an output optical fiber 21 and a heat pipe 22. The output optical fiber 21 is connected to one end of the input optical fiber 11 and the output optical fiber 21 is connected to the heat pipe 22. The output optical fiber 21 includes a hair-like section disposed in the heat pipe 22. The heat pipe 22 is disposed in the heat-conducting box 30 and is used to conduct the heat of the output optical fiber 21 to the heat-conducting box 30.
[0097] The heat-conducting box 30 is provided with a second groove 31 extending along the first direction X. The groove wall of the second groove 31 is in contact with the outer surface of the heat-conducting pipe 22, and the heat-conducting pipe 22 and the heat-conducting box 30 transfer heat through contact. The heat-conducting component 40 is provided with a third groove 41 extending along the first direction X. The third groove 41 and the second groove 31 form a receiving hole 70, and the heat-conducting pipe 22 is disposed in the receiving hole 70. The heat-conducting pipe 22 is made of a light-transmitting material, and the roughened section can radiate heat to the heat-conducting component 40.
[0098] This application also provides a method for manufacturing a laser component; please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 7 The methods for manufacturing laser components include:
[0099] S1, fabricate the heat-conducting box 30, the heat-conducting encapsulation component 13, the heat-conducting pipe 22 and the heat-conducting component 40.
[0100] The heat-conducting box body 30 has a heat-conducting bottom plate 32, a heat-conducting side plate 33, and a second groove 31; the heat-conducting encapsulation component 13 has a first groove 133, a bottom surface 131, and a side surface 132; the heat-conducting component 40 has a third groove 41, and the third groove 41 and the second groove 31 form a receiving hole 70.
[0101] S2, fix the pump fiber 12 and the input fiber 11 to the first groove 133.
[0102] In this process, multiple pump fibers 12 are fused with input fibers 11, then the pump fibers 12 and input fibers 11 are placed in the first groove 133, and then thermally conductive adhesive 60 is used to fix the pump fibers 12 and input fibers 11 to the groove wall of the first groove 133.
[0103] S3. Connect the output optical fiber 21 to the output optical fiber 21. Use a texturing liquid to texture a portion of the output optical fiber 21 to form a texturing segment. Then, fix the texturing segment of the output optical fiber 21 into the heat pipe 22. Seal the openings at both ends of the heat pipe 22 with adhesive. The adhesive is bonded between the output optical fiber 21 and the heat pipe 22, and a gap is provided between the output optical fiber 21 and the heat pipe 22 along its radial direction. Thermally conductive adhesive can be used for the adhesive.
[0104] S4, attach the thermally conductive encapsulation 13 to the thermally conductive housing 30.
[0105] For example, apply thermally conductive adhesive 60 to the bottom surface 131 of the thermally conductive package 13, place the thermally conductive package 13 into the thermally conductive box 30 and place the bottom surface 131 onto the thermally conductive base plate 32; press the thermally conductive package 13 to squeeze the excess thermally conductive adhesive 60 into the gap between the thermally conductive side plate 33 and the side surface 132, and the thermally conductive adhesive 60 will bond the thermally conductive package 13 to the thermally conductive box 30.
[0106] S5, attach the heat pipe 22 to the heat-conducting box 30.
[0107] Specifically, the heat pipe 22 is inserted into the receiving hole 70, with both ends of the heat pipe 22 located outside the receiving hole 70 along the first direction X. The ends of the heat pipe 22 are bonded to the heat-conducting housing 30 using the connecting structure 50. The connecting structure 50 can be thermally conductive adhesive.
[0108] Five laser component samples (sample 100) were fabricated for experiments. The signal wavelength of the five laser component samples was 1064 nm, and the pump wavelength was 976 nm. The input fiber 11 and output fiber 21 were both polarization-maintaining 20 / 400 double-clad fibers (core diameter 20 μm, cladding diameter 400 μm), and the pump fiber 12 was a 220 / 242 double-clad fiber (core diameter 220 μm, cladding diameter 242 μm). The five laser component samples are designated as Sample 1 to Sample 5.
[0109] The performance experimental data of 100 samples of five laser components are shown in Table 1. Among them, the insertion loss (IL) of sample 1 is 0.17 dB, and the X-axis beam quality factor M is... 2 The Y-axis beam quality factor M is 1.10. 2 The average beam quality factor M is 1.09. 2 The extinction ratio (ER) is 22.22 dB, the stripping efficiency is 22.9 dB, the pump efficiency of the first pump fiber 12 (Pump1) is 97.4%, the pump efficiency of the second pump fiber 12 (Pump2) is 98.6%, the pump efficiency of the third pump fiber 12 (Pump3) is 97.5%, the pump efficiency of the fourth pump fiber 12 (Pump4) is 98.2%, the pump efficiency of the fifth pump fiber 12 (Pump5) is 98.1%, and the pump efficiency of the sixth pump fiber 12 (Pump6) is 99.3%.
[0110] Sample 2 has an insertion loss (IL) of 0.10 dB and an X-axis beam quality factor M. 2 The Y-axis beam quality factor M is 1.08. 2 The average beam quality factor M is 1.05. 2The extinction ratio (ER) is 23.1 dB, the stripping efficiency is 25.0 dB, the pump efficiency of the first pump fiber 12 (Pump1) is 98.8%, the pump efficiency of the second pump fiber 12 (Pump2) is 98.6%, the pump efficiency of the third pump fiber 12 (Pump3) is 98.9%, the pump efficiency of the fourth pump fiber 12 (Pump4) is 98.4%, the pump efficiency of the fifth pump fiber 12 (Pump5) is 99.2%, and the pump efficiency of the sixth pump fiber 12 (Pump6) is 99.0%.
[0111] Sample 3 has an insertion loss (IL) of 0.10 dB and an X-axis beam quality factor M. 2 The Y-axis beam quality factor M is 1.09. 2 The average beam quality factor M is 1.05. 2 The extinction ratio (ER) is 22.6 dB, the stripping efficiency is 24.4 dB, the pump efficiency of the first pump fiber 12 (Pump1) is 97.6%, the pump efficiency of the second pump fiber 12 (Pump2) is 97.9%, the pump efficiency of the third pump fiber 12 (Pump3) is 99.4%, the pump efficiency of the fourth pump fiber 12 (Pump4) is 98.0%, the pump efficiency of the fifth pump fiber 12 (Pump5) is 97.9%, and the pump efficiency of the sixth pump fiber 12 (Pump6) is 98.2%.
[0112] Sample 4 has an insertion loss (IL) of 0.18 dB and an X-axis beam quality factor M. 2 The Y-axis beam quality factor M is 1.06. 2 The average beam quality factor M is 1.14. 2 The extinction ratio (ER) is 22.8 dB, the stripping efficiency is 22.8 dB, the pump efficiency of the first pump fiber 12 (Pump1) is 98.8%, the pump efficiency of the second pump fiber 12 (Pump2) is 98.5%, the pump efficiency of the third pump fiber 12 (Pump3) is 98.6%, the pump efficiency of the fourth pump fiber 12 (Pump4) is 99.4%, the pump efficiency of the fifth pump fiber 12 (Pump5) is 98.4%, and the pump efficiency of the sixth pump fiber 12 (Pump6) is 99.3%.
[0113] Sample 5 has an insertion loss (IL) of 0.17 dB and an X-axis beam quality factor M. 2 The Y-axis beam quality factor M is 1.09.2 The average beam quality factor M is 1.16. 2 The extinction ratio (ER) is 22.4 dB, the stripping efficiency is 23.2 dB, the pump efficiency of the first pump fiber 12 (Pump1) is 99.5%, the pump efficiency of the second pump fiber 12 (Pump2) is 99.4%, the pump efficiency of the third pump fiber 12 (Pump3) is 98.7%, the pump efficiency of the fourth pump fiber 12 (Pump4) is 99.0%, the pump efficiency of the fifth pump fiber 12 (Pump5) is 98.3%, and the pump efficiency of the sixth pump fiber 12 (Pump6) is 99.5%.
[0114] The overall insertion loss of the existing bundle combiner 10 and stripper 20 is 0.25 dB. The insertion loss of samples 1 to 5 is less than the overall insertion loss of the existing bundle combiner 10 and stripper 20.
[0115] Table 1. Performance experimental data of laser component samples provided in some embodiments of this application.
[0116]
[0117] The temperature experimental data of the five laser component samples 100 are shown in Table 2. The pump power of the combiner 10 for samples 1 to 5 is 4200W, and the pump power of the stripper 20 is 300W, meaning the stripper 20 removes 300W of cladding light. When testing the temperature of the portion of the heat-conducting housing 30 connected to the heat-conducting encapsulation 13, this portion of the heat-conducting housing 30 was placed on a room-temperature aluminum plate. When testing the temperature of the output fiber 21, the output fiber 21 was suspended in the air. When testing the temperature of the portion of the heat-conducting housing 30 connected to the heat pipe 22 and the heat-conducting component 40, this portion of the heat-conducting housing 30 was placed on a 20℃ water-cooled plate.
[0118] The temperature of the part of the heat-conducting box 30 connected to the heat-conducting encapsulation 13 of sample 1 is 31°C, the temperature of the output optical fiber 21 is 56°C, and the temperature of the part of the heat-conducting box 30 connected to the heat-conducting pipe 22 and the heat-conducting component 40 is 42°C.
[0119] The temperature of the part of the heat-conducting box 30 connected to the heat-conducting encapsulation 13 of sample 2 is 31°C, the temperature of the output optical fiber 21 is 57°C, and the temperature of the part of the heat-conducting box 30 connected to the heat-conducting pipe 22 and the heat-conducting component 40 is 41°C.
[0120] The temperature of the part of the heat-conducting box 30 connected to the heat-conducting encapsulation 13 is 30°C, the temperature of the output optical fiber 21 is 55°C, and the temperature of the part of the heat-conducting box 30 connected to the heat-conducting pipe 22 and the heat-conducting component 40 is 40°C.
[0121] The temperature of the part of the heat-conducting box 30 connected to the heat-conducting encapsulation component 13 of sample 4 is 31°C, the temperature of the output optical fiber 21 is 56°C, and the temperature of the part of the heat-conducting box 30 connected to the heat-conducting pipe 22 and the heat-conducting component 40 is 41°C.
[0122] The temperature of the part of the heat-conducting box 30 connected to the heat-conducting encapsulation component 13 is 30°C, the temperature of the output optical fiber 21 is 56°C, and the temperature of the part of the heat-conducting box 30 connected to the heat-conducting pipe 22 and the heat-conducting component 40 is 42°C.
[0123] The existing cladding stripper has a box temperature of about 70°C during use. When testing samples 1 to 5, the part of the heat-conducting box 30 connected to the heat pipe 22 and the heat-conducting component 40 has a lower temperature and better heat dissipation effect.
[0124] Table 2. Temperature experimental data of laser component samples provided in some embodiments of this application.
[0125]
[0126] An embodiment of the second aspect of this application also provides a laser for emitting laser light, the laser including the laser assembly 100 of any one of the embodiments of the first aspect.
[0127] The beneficial effects of the embodiments of this application are that the laser includes the laser assembly 100 in the first aspect embodiment, and the input optical fiber 11 and the output optical fiber 21 are not prone to relative movement and twisting, thus possessing all the effects of the laser assembly 100.
[0128] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit this application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.
Claims
1. A laser assembly, characterized by, include: Heat-conducting box body; A beam combiner includes an input optical fiber, multiple pump optical fibers, and a thermally conductive encapsulation. The input optical fiber and multiple pump optical fibers are all connected to the thermally conductive encapsulation. The thermally conductive encapsulation is disposed within a thermally conductive housing and is used to conduct heat from the input optical fiber and multiple pump optical fibers to the thermally conductive housing. A stripper, comprising an output optical fiber and a heat pipe, wherein the output optical fiber is connected to one end of the input optical fiber and the heat pipe is connected to the heat pipe, and the output optical fiber includes a texturing segment disposed within the heat pipe. The heat pipe is disposed inside the heat-conducting box, and the heat pipe is used to conduct the heat of the output optical fiber to the heat-conducting box.
2. The laser assembly of claim 1, wherein, Both the heat-conducting box and the heat-conducting package extend along a first direction. The heat-conducting package has a first groove that penetrates the heat-conducting package along the first direction. The input optical fiber and the pump optical fiber are both fixed in the first groove and in contact with the groove wall. The heat-conducting package has a bottom surface and two side surfaces. The bottom surface is located on one side of the first groove along its depth direction, and the two side surfaces are located on both sides of the first groove along its width direction. The heat-conducting box body includes a heat-conducting base plate and two heat-conducting side plates, wherein the heat-conducting base plate is connected to the bottom surface, and / or the two heat-conducting side plates are respectively connected to the two sides.
3. The laser assembly of claim 2, wherein, The pump fibers are connected to the input fibers at the middle position of the first groove along the first direction.
4. The laser assembly of claim 3, wherein the laser assembly is configured to be mounted to a substrate. In the first direction, the length of the thermally conductive package is 80mm-100mm.
5. The laser assembly of claim 2, wherein the laser assembly is configured to be mounted on a substrate. The combiner further includes thermally conductive adhesive, which secures the input fiber and the pump fiber to the groove wall of the first groove; and / or, The thermally conductive adhesive fills the gap between the thermally conductive base plate and the bottom surface, and the thermally conductive adhesive also fills the gap between the thermally conductive side plate and the side surface.
6. The laser assembly of any of claims 2-5, wherein, The heat-conducting box body is provided with a second groove extending along a first direction. The second groove is located on one side of the heat-conducting encapsulation component along the first direction, and the groove wall of the second groove is in contact with the outer surface of the heat-conducting pipe.
7. The laser assembly of claim 6, wherein the laser assembly is configured to operate in a continuous wave mode. The laser assembly further includes a heat-conducting component connected to the heat-conducting box body. The heat-conducting component is provided with a third groove extending along the first direction. The third groove and the second groove form a receiving hole. The heat-conducting tube is disposed in the receiving hole. The heat-conducting tube is made of a light-transmitting material. The textured section can radiate heat to the heat-conducting component.
8. The laser assembly of claim 7, wherein the laser assembly is configured to be mounted to a substrate. Both ends of the heat pipe along the first direction are located outside the receiving hole; the laser assembly also includes a connecting structure, which is connected between the end of the heat pipe along the first direction and the heat-conducting base plate, and the connecting structure is spaced apart from the heat-conducting component.
9. The laser assembly of claim 6, wherein, The heat pipe comprises sapphire material; and / or, the heat-conducting package comprises sapphire material.
10. A laser, characterized by Includes the laser assembly according to any one of claims 1-9.