High-power lithium battery charger

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of lithium battery chargers, in particular to a high-power lithium battery charger, which is provided with a single-channel operational amplifier U1, so that weak voltage change can be detected, and the voltage state can be conveniently monitored in real time. The operational amplifiers U11A and U11B are arranged to ensure that the change deviating from the preset voltage range can be captured by the microcontroller U7. The three-terminal regulator ADJ provides a stable reference voltage, and ensures that the microcontroller U7 also has a reliable reference for comparison and adjustment under the condition of temperature change or load fluctuation. And the transistor Q10 controls the on-off state according to an instruction of the microcontroller U7, so that fine adjustment of the output voltage is realized. The microcontroller U7 calculates required correction measures by analyzing input voltage data, and adjusts final output voltage by controlling the transistor Q10, so that the voltage is kept within an ideal range. The problem that an existing high-power charger cannot provide accurate and stable charging voltage for a lithium battery in the whole charging period is solved.

Description

A high-power lithium battery charger Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of lithium battery charger technology, and in particular to a high-power lithium battery charger. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of the electric vehicle industry, the demand for high-power lithium batteries is increasing daily. However, due to factors such as changes in component parameters, temperature drift, and load fluctuations, existing chargers struggle to provide a precise and stable charging voltage for lithium batteries throughout the entire charging cycle. This not only affects the battery's charging efficiency but may also lead to uneven charging issues, thereby shortening the battery's overall lifespan.

[0003] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a high-power lithium battery charger that can provide a more accurate and stable voltage. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the issue that existing high-power chargers cannot provide accurate and stable charging voltage to lithium batteries throughout the entire charging cycle.

[0005] This utility model provides a high-power lithium battery charger, including a rectifier and voltage regulator circuit for converting AC power to DC power and stabilizing the voltage. It also includes a voltage feedback circuit connected to the output of the rectifier and voltage regulator circuit. The voltage feedback circuit includes a microcontroller U7, a single-channel operational amplifier U1, operational amplifiers U11A and U11B, a three-terminal regulator ADJ, and a transistor Q10. The microcontroller U7 controls the voltage feedback circuit. The single-channel operational amplifier U1 amplifies the voltage input to the rectifier and voltage regulator circuit; its non-inverting power input is connected to the output of the rectifier and voltage regulator circuit, and its output is connected to the input of the microcontroller U7. Operational amplifiers U11A and U11B amplify the voltage. The three-terminal regulator ADJ provides a stable reference voltage. The base of transistor Q10 is electrically connected to the microcontroller U7, which controls the switching state of transistor Q10.

[0006] Preferably, the microcontroller U7 is one of PIC16F, ATtiny, or STM32.

[0007] Preferably, the rectifier and voltage regulator circuit includes a first rectifier and voltage regulator circuit, which includes transformers T1A and T2A, rectifier diodes D7 and D8, filter capacitors EC5 and EC6, current-limiting resistors R52 and R53, transistor Q6, and current-limiting diode Q7. Transformers T1A and T2A are used to reduce voltage; rectifier diodes D7 and D8 are used to convert AC to DC; filter capacitors EC6 and EC5 are connected in parallel after rectifier diodes D7 and D8, and filter capacitors EC5 and EC6 are used to smooth voltage fluctuations; current-limiting resistors R52 and R53 are connected in series, and both current-limiting resistors R52 and R53 are used to provide current-limiting protection; transistor Q6 is used to regulate current, the collector of transistor Q6 is connected to one end of current-limiting resistor R52, the emitter of transistor Q6 is connected to the anode of current-limiting diode Q7, and the cathode of current-limiting diode Q7 supplies power to external devices through a terminal block.

[0008] Preferably, the rectifier and voltage regulator circuit further includes a second rectifier and voltage regulator circuit, which includes a transformer L5A, a rectifier diode D3, a filter capacitor EC3, a three-terminal voltage regulator U6, and an NPN transistor Q5. The transformer L5A is used to reduce the voltage; the rectifier diode D3 is used to convert AC power to DC power; the three-terminal voltage regulator U6 is used to provide a stable reference voltage, with a resistor R46 between the anode and the reference terminal of the three-terminal voltage regulator U6, and a resistor R47 between the cathode and the reference terminal of the three-terminal voltage regulator U6. The cathode of the rectifier diode D3 is connected to the anode of the three-terminal voltage regulator U6 through the filter capacitor EC3; the collector of the transistor Q5 is connected to the cathode of the rectifier diode D3, the base of the transistor Q5 is connected to the cathode of the three-terminal voltage regulator U6, and capacitors C41 and C42 are connected in parallel between the emitter of the transistor Q5 and the anode of the three-terminal voltage regulator U6.

[0009] Preferably, the three-terminal regulator U6 is model TL431 and the transistor Q5 is model MMBTA05.

[0010] Preferably, the high-power lithium battery charger also includes an NPN transistor Q3, which is used to control the switching between the first rectifier and voltage regulator circuit and the voltage feedback circuit. The base of transistor Q3 is connected to the control pin of microcontroller U7 through current-limiting resistor R41, and the collector of transistor Q3 is connected to the base of transistor Q6.

[0011] Preferably, the transistor Q3 is of model PBSS4330X.

[0012] Preferably, the high-power lithium battery charger also includes an LED indicator circuit. The LED indicator circuit is used to indicate the power supply status of the voltage feedback circuit. The LED indicator circuit includes two LEDs, current-limiting resistors R55 and R57. One end of the two LEDs is connected to the microcontroller U7 through the current-limiting resistors R55 and R57 respectively, and the other end of the LEDs is grounded.

[0013] The beneficial effects of this utility model are reflected in:

[0014] 1) The rectifier and voltage regulator circuit is responsible for converting AC power into DC power and initially stabilizing the output voltage to ensure that subsequent circuits can operate in a relatively stable voltage environment.

[0015] 2) The single-channel operational amplifier U1 is used to amplify the voltage output of the rectifier and voltage regulator circuit, so that even slight voltage changes can be detected. The non-inverting input (IN+) of the single-channel operational amplifier U1 is directly connected to the output of the rectifier and voltage regulator circuit, while the output (OUT) is connected to the input of the microcontroller U7 for real-time monitoring of the voltage status.

[0016] 3) Operational amplifiers U11A and U11B are used to amplify the voltage difference, improve the sensitivity of microcontroller U7 to voltage fluctuations, and ensure that changes deviating from the preset voltage range can be captured in a timely manner.

[0017] 4) The three-terminal regulator ADJ provides a stable reference voltage, so that the microcontroller U7 has a reliable reference for comparison and adjustment even under temperature changes or load fluctuations.

[0018] 5) Transistor Q10 controls the switching state according to the instructions of microcontroller U7, thereby achieving fine adjustment of the output voltage.

[0019] 6) The microcontroller U7 analyzes the input voltage data, calculates the required correction measures, and adjusts the final output voltage by controlling transistor Q10 to keep the voltage within the ideal range. This solves the problem that existing high-power chargers cannot provide a precise and stable charging voltage for lithium batteries throughout the entire charging cycle. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 is a circuit diagram of a high-power lithium battery charger provided by this utility model. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0022] Referring to Figure 1, a high-power lithium battery charger includes a rectifier and voltage regulator circuit for converting AC power into DC power and stabilizing the voltage. It also includes a voltage feedback circuit connected to the output of the rectifier and voltage regulator circuit. The voltage feedback circuit includes a microcontroller U7, a single-channel operational amplifier U1, operational amplifiers U11A and U11B, a three-terminal regulator ADJ, and a transistor Q10. The microcontroller U7 controls the voltage feedback circuit. The single-channel operational amplifier U1 amplifies the voltage input to the rectifier and voltage regulator circuit. The non-inverting power input of the single-channel operational amplifier U1 is connected to the output of the rectifier and voltage regulator circuit, and the output of the single-channel operational amplifier U1 is connected to the input of the microcontroller U7. Operational amplifiers U11A and U11B both amplify the voltage. The three-terminal regulator ADJ provides a stable reference voltage. The base of the transistor Q10 is electrically connected to the microcontroller U7, and the microcontroller U7 controls the switching state of the transistor Q10.

[0023] The rectifier and voltage regulator circuit converts AC to DC and initially stabilizes the output voltage, ensuring that subsequent circuits can operate in a relatively stable voltage environment. A single-channel operational amplifier U1 amplifies the output voltage of the rectifier and voltage regulator circuit, enabling the detection of even minor voltage changes. The non-inverting input (IN+) of the single-channel operational amplifier U1 is directly connected to the output of the rectifier and voltage regulator circuit, while the output (OUT) is connected to the input of the microcontroller U7 for real-time voltage monitoring. Operational amplifiers U11A and U11B amplify the voltage difference, improving the microcontroller U7's sensitivity to voltage fluctuations and ensuring that any deviations from the preset voltage range are promptly detected. The three-terminal regulator ADJ provides a stable reference voltage, giving the microcontroller U7 a reliable benchmark for comparison and adjustment even under temperature changes or load fluctuations. Transistor Q10 controls the switching state according to the instructions of the microcontroller U7, thereby achieving fine-tuning of the output voltage. The microcontroller U7 analyzes the input voltage data, calculates the required correction measures, and adjusts the final output voltage by controlling transistor Q10 to maintain the voltage within the ideal range. This solves the problem that existing high-power chargers cannot provide accurate and stable charging voltage for lithium batteries throughout the entire charging cycle.

[0024] Specifically, pin 1 of microcontroller U7 is connected to the power supply, pin 3 of microcontroller U7 is connected to the base of transistor Q10 through current-limiting resistor R19, and the feedback terminal (pin 13) of microcontroller U7 is connected to the collector of transistor Q10 through current-limiting resistor R23.

[0025] In some implementations, the microcontroller U7 is one of PIC16F, ATtiny, or STM32.

[0026] In some embodiments, the rectifier and voltage regulator circuit includes a first rectifier and voltage regulator circuit, which includes transformers T1A and T2A, rectifier diodes D7 and D8, filter capacitors EC5 and EC6, current-limiting resistors R52 and R53, transistor Q6, and current-limiting diode Q7. Transformers T1A and T2A are used to reduce voltage; rectifier diodes D7 and D8 are used to convert AC to DC; filter capacitors EC6 and EC5 are connected in parallel after rectifier diodes D7 and D8, and filter capacitors EC5 and EC6 are used to smooth voltage fluctuations; current-limiting resistors R52 and R53 are connected in series, and both current-limiting resistors R52 and R53 are used to provide current-limiting protection; transistor Q6 is used to regulate current, the collector of transistor Q6 is connected to one end of current-limiting resistor R52, the emitter of transistor Q6 is connected to the anode of current-limiting diode Q7, and the cathode of current-limiting diode Q7 supplies power to external devices through a terminal block.

[0027] Specifically, the output terminal CON5 is a 5-pin terminal. The current rectified by the first rectifier and voltage regulator circuit can be output from the output terminal CON5.

[0028] Preferably, the rectifier and voltage regulator circuit further includes a second rectifier and voltage regulator circuit, which includes a transformer L5A, a rectifier diode D3, a filter capacitor EC3, a three-terminal voltage regulator U6, and an NPN transistor Q5. The transformer L5A is used to reduce the voltage; the rectifier diode D3 is used to convert AC power to DC power; the three-terminal voltage regulator U6 is used to provide a stable reference voltage, with a resistor R46 between the anode and the reference terminal of the three-terminal voltage regulator U6, and a resistor R47 between the cathode and the reference terminal of the three-terminal voltage regulator U6. The cathode of the rectifier diode D3 is connected to the anode of the three-terminal voltage regulator U6 through the filter capacitor EC3; the collector of the transistor Q5 is connected to the cathode of the rectifier diode D3, the base of the transistor Q5 is connected to the cathode of the three-terminal voltage regulator U6, and capacitors C41 and C42 are connected in parallel between the emitter of the transistor Q5 and the anode of the three-terminal voltage regulator U6.

[0029] Further preferred, the three-terminal regulator U6 is model TL431, and the transistor Q5 is model MMBTA05.

[0030] Preferably, the high-power lithium battery charger also includes an NPN transistor Q3, which is used to control the switching between the first rectifier and voltage regulator circuit and the voltage feedback circuit. The base of transistor Q3 is connected to the control pin of microcontroller U7 through current-limiting resistor R41, and the collector of transistor Q3 is connected to the base of transistor Q6.

[0031] Further preferred, the transistor Q3 is model PBSS4330X.

[0032] In some implementations, the high-power lithium battery charger also includes an LED indicator circuit for indicating the power supply status of the voltage feedback circuit. The LED indicator circuit includes two LEDs, current-limiting resistors R55 and R57, with one end of each LED connected to the microcontroller U7 via the current-limiting resistors R55 and R57, and the other end of the LEDs grounded.

[0033] The base of transistor Q10 is connected to microcontroller U7 via resistor R19. When transistor Q10 is turned on, current flows from microcontroller U7, the current-limiting resistor, and the LED path to ground, causing LED-G to light up. If the base voltage is insufficient to turn on transistor Q10, it will be in the off state, and no current will flow through the LED, thus turning it off.

[0034] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A high-power lithium battery charger, comprising a rectifier and voltage regulator circuit, the rectifier and voltage regulator circuit being used to convert alternating current into direct current and stabilize the voltage, characterized in that: It also includes a voltage feedback circuit, which is connected to the output of the rectifier and voltage regulator circuit. The voltage feedback circuit includes a microcontroller U7, a single-channel operational amplifier U1, operational amplifiers U11A and U11B, a three-terminal regulator ADJ, and a transistor Q10. The microcontroller U7 is used to control the voltage feedback circuit. The single-channel operational amplifier U1 is used to amplify the voltage input to the rectifier and voltage regulator circuit. The non-inverting power input terminal of the single-channel operational amplifier U1 is connected to the output terminal of the rectifier and voltage regulator circuit, and the output terminal of the single-channel operational amplifier U1 is connected to the input terminal of the microcontroller U7. Operational amplifiers U11A and U11B are both used to amplify the voltage. The three-terminal regulator ADJ is used to provide a stable reference voltage. The base of the transistor Q10 is electrically connected to the microcontroller U7, and the microcontroller U7 is used to control the switching state of the transistor Q10.

2. A high-power lithium battery charger according to claim 1, characterized in that: The microcontroller U7 is one of PIC16F, ATtiny, or STM32.

3. A high-power lithium battery charger according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rectifier and voltage regulator circuit includes a first rectifier and voltage regulator circuit, which includes transformers T1A and T2A, rectifier diodes D7 and D8, filter capacitors EC5 and EC6, current-limiting resistors R52 and R53, transistor Q6, and current-limiting diode Q7. Transformers T1A and T2A are used to reduce voltage. Rectifier diodes D7 and D8 are used to convert AC to DC. Filter capacitors EC6 and EC5 are connected in parallel after rectifier diodes D7 and D8, and are used to smooth voltage fluctuations. Current-limiting resistors R52 and R53 are connected in series, and both R52 and R53 are used to provide current-limiting protection. Transistor Q6 is used to regulate current. The collector of transistor Q6 is connected to one end of current-limiting resistor R52, and the emitter of transistor Q6 is connected to the anode of current-limiting diode Q7. The cathode of current-limiting diode Q7 supplies power to external devices through a terminal block.

4. A high-power lithium battery charger according to claim 3, characterized in that: The rectifier and voltage regulator circuit also includes a second rectifier and voltage regulator circuit, which includes a transformer L5A, a rectifier diode D3, a filter capacitor EC3, a three-terminal voltage regulator U6, and an NPN transistor Q5. The transformer L5A is used to reduce the voltage; the rectifier diode D3 is used to convert AC power to DC power; the three-terminal voltage regulator U6 is used to provide a stable reference voltage. A resistor R46 is provided between the anode and the reference terminal of the three-terminal voltage regulator U6, and a resistor R47 is provided between the cathode and the reference terminal of the three-terminal voltage regulator U6. The cathode of the rectifier diode D3 is connected to the anode of the three-terminal voltage regulator U6 through the filter capacitor EC3; the collector of the transistor Q5 is connected to the cathode of the rectifier diode D3, the base of the transistor Q5 is connected to the cathode of the three-terminal voltage regulator U6, and capacitors C41 and C42 are connected in parallel between the emitter of the transistor Q5 and the anode of the three-terminal voltage regulator U6.

5. A high-power lithium battery charger according to claim 4, characterized in that: The three-terminal voltage regulator U6 is model TL431, and the transistor Q5 is model MMBTA05.

6. A high-power lithium battery charger according to claim 3, characterized in that: It also includes an NPN transistor Q3, which is used to control the switching between the first rectifier and voltage regulator circuit and the voltage feedback circuit. The base of transistor Q3 is connected to the control pin of microcontroller U7 through current-limiting resistor R41, and the collector of transistor Q3 is connected to the base of transistor Q6.

7. A high-power lithium battery charger according to claim 6, characterized in that: The transistor Q3 is model PBSS4330X.

8. A high power lithium battery charger according to claim 1, wherein: It also includes an LED indicator circuit, which is used to indicate the power supply status of the voltage feedback circuit. The LED indicator circuit includes two LEDs, current-limiting resistors R55 and R57. One end of the two LEDs is connected to the microcontroller U7 through the current-limiting resistors R55 and R57 respectively, and the other end of the LEDs is grounded.

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