Nut grading, extruding and shelling equipment

Abstract

The utility model discloses a nut grading, extruding and shelling device which comprises a feeding hopper arranged at the top of the device and used for feeding nuts; the roller is located below the feeding hopper, a continuous grading slide way is arranged below the roller, the grading slide way extends in the axial direction of the roller, and the width of a gap in the grading slide way is continuously increased from the starting end to the tail end; the extrusion roller group is arranged below the grading slide way and comprises a plurality of groups of roller pairs, and gaps of each group of roller pairs correspond to different sections of the grading slide way; and the power system comprises a speed reducing motor and a belt assembly which are sequentially connected and drive the roller and the extrusion roller to synchronously rotate. And the nuts slide along the grading slide way under the action of gravity and are graded through the gradually increased gaps. The classified nuts respectively enter the corresponding extrusion roller pairs to be extruded and husked, and finally, the whole set of structure realizes continuous operation from feeding, classification to husking of the nuts under the support of the rack through the discharge port, so that the classification precision is ensured, and the husking efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of nut processing equipment technology, and in particular to a nut grading, extrusion and shelling device. Background Technology

[0002] Nut shells are composed of lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose, exhibiting high hardness and toughness. Traditional extrusion methods often result in the kernel breaking before the shell is cracked. Existing technologies have drawbacks: manual shelling is extremely inefficient and has a high breakage rate; large shelling machines, such as centrifugal impact machines, while more efficient, suffer from large size, high power consumption, and high cost, making them difficult to promote among farmers and small processing plants; existing extrusion equipment mostly uses fixed-gap rollers, which cannot adapt to differences in nut size, leading to over-compression and breakage of small-diameter nuts, while large-diameter nuts are not thoroughly shelled. Therefore, improvements are needed. Utility Model Content

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology and provide a nut grading, extrusion, and shelling device.

[0004] This utility model provides a nut grading, extrusion, and shelling device, comprising: a feeding hopper located at the top of the device for feeding nuts; a roller located below the feeding hopper, with a continuous grading track below the roller, the grading track extending axially along the roller and the gap width on the grading track continuously increasing from the starting end to the end; an extrusion roller assembly located below the grading track, comprising multiple roller pairs, the gap of each roller pair corresponding to different sections of the grading track; a power system comprising a geared motor and a belt assembly, sequentially connected to and driving the roller and the extrusion roller to rotate synchronously; a discharge port located below the extrusion roller assembly for discharging a mixture of shells and kernels; and a frame for supporting and fixing components; wherein, the inclination angle of the grading track is 5°-15°, and the nuts slide along the grading track under gravity and are graded through the gradually increasing gaps.

[0005] Furthermore, the gap width range of the graded slide is: 3-5mm at the starting end and 15-20mm at the ending end; the gap width increases linearly or non-linearly.

[0006] Furthermore, the inclination angle of the graded slide is preferably 8°-12°.

[0007] Furthermore, the surface of the graded slide is provided with a polyurethane wear-resistant layer with a thickness of 2-3mm.

[0008] Furthermore, the extrusion roller group includes: a first extrusion roller pair with a gap of 3-5mm, corresponding to the starting section of the grading slide; a second extrusion roller pair with a gap of 5-10mm, corresponding to the middle section of the grading slide; and a third extrusion roller pair with a gap of 10-15mm, corresponding to the end of the grading slide.

[0009] Furthermore, the extrusion roller has staggered protrusions on its surface, the height of which is 0.8-1.2 mm and the spacing between any two adjacent protrusions is 5-8 mm.

[0010] Furthermore, the protruding structure consists of staggered diamond-shaped protrusions, with the top of each protrusion having a rounded transition.

[0011] Furthermore, the raised structure consists of concave and convex stripes parallel to the axial direction of the extrusion roller assembly, and the stripe cross-section is trapezoidal.

[0012] Furthermore, in the power system: the output shaft of the geared motor drives the main shaft of the extrusion roller via the main belt; the main shaft drives the rotating shaft of the drum via the auxiliary belt.

[0013] Furthermore, different nuts can be adapted by changing the grading slide with different gap parameters, and the gap width of the grading slide can be adjusted in the range of 5-25mm.

[0014] The above technical solution has the following beneficial effects:

[0015] This invention achieves uniform feeding and initial dispersion of nuts through the synergistic action of the feeding hopper and the roller. The grading chute below the roller adopts an inclined, continuously variable gap structure, which allows nuts of different sizes to be automatically graded according to particle size as they slide along the chute under gravity. The graded nuts then enter multiple sets of extrusion rollers with corresponding gaps below for targeted extrusion and shelling. The rollers are synchronously driven by the power system to ensure coordinated shelling actions. Finally, the shell and kernel mixture is discharged through the outlet. The entire structure, supported by the frame, realizes continuous operation of nuts from feeding, grading to shelling, which not only ensures grading accuracy but also improves shelling efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0016] The disclosure of this utility model will become more readily understood by referring to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that these drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this utility model. In the drawings:

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a nut grading, extrusion, and shelling device according to one embodiment of this utility model;

[0018] Figure 2This is a cross-sectional view of a nut grading, extrusion, and shelling device according to one embodiment of this utility model;

[0019] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the extrusion roller assembly in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the graded slide in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 5 This is an anatomical diagram of a nut grading, extrusion, and shelling device according to one embodiment of this utility model.

[0022] Reference table for attached figures:

[0023] 1. Feed hopper; 2. Drum; 3. Grading chute; 4. Extrusion roller assembly; 41. First extrusion roller pair; 42. Second extrusion roller pair; 43. Third extrusion roller pair; 44. Raised structure; 5. Power system; 51. Gear motor; 52. Belt assembly; 521. Main belt; 522. Auxiliary belt; 6. Frame. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The specific embodiments of this utility model will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0025] It is readily understood that, based on the technical solution of this utility model, various structural and implementation methods can be interchanged by those skilled in the art without altering the essential spirit of this utility model. Therefore, the following detailed embodiments and accompanying drawings are merely illustrative descriptions of the technical solution of this utility model and should not be considered as the entirety of this utility model or as limitations or restrictions on the technical solution of this utility model.

[0026] The directional terms such as up, down, left, right, front, back, front, back, top, and bottom mentioned or possibly used in this specification are defined relative to the structures shown in the accompanying drawings. These are relative concepts and may therefore vary depending on their location and usage. Therefore, these or other directional terms should not be interpreted as restrictive. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0027] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above-mentioned components within this utility model according to the specific circumstances.

[0028] In some embodiments of this utility model, the following components are included: a feeding hopper 1, located at the top of the equipment, for feeding nuts; a roller 2, located below the feeding hopper 1, with a continuous grading slide 3 below the roller 2, the grading slide 3 extending axially along the roller 2 and the gap width on the grading slide 3 continuously increasing from the starting end to the end; a pressing roller group 4, located below the grading slide 3, including multiple roller pairs, the gap of each roller pair corresponding to different sections of the grading slide 3; a power system 5, including a geared motor 51 and a belt assembly 52, sequentially connected and driving the roller 2 and the pressing roller to rotate synchronously; a discharge port, located below the pressing roller group 4, for discharging the shell and kernel mixture; and a frame 6 for supporting and fixing components; wherein, the inclination angle of the grading slide 3 is 5°-15°, and the nuts slide along the grading slide 3 under the action of gravity and are graded through the gradually increasing gap.

[0029] Specifically, the nut grading, extrusion, and shelling equipment includes: a feeding hopper 1 for evenly feeding nuts; a roller 2 for initially dispersing nuts and preventing accumulation; a grading chute 3 with an inclined design and continuously varying gap width to automatically separate nuts of different sizes; an extrusion roller group 4 with multiple roller pairs to match nuts of different sizes for precise extrusion and shelling; a power system 5 to synchronously drive roller 2 and the extrusion rollers to ensure coordinated operation; a discharge port to discharge the shell-kernel mixture for subsequent separation; and a frame 6 to support the overall structure and ensure stability.

[0030] The graded slide 3 has an inclination angle of 5°-15°, preferably 8°-12°, to ensure that the nuts slide naturally under gravity. The gap width increases continuously from 3-5mm at the beginning to 15-20mm at the end, and can vary linearly or non-linearly. A polyurethane wear-resistant layer (2-3mm) can be added to the surface to reduce nut wear. The extrusion roller group 4 includes at least three roller pairs with gaps corresponding to small, medium, and large nuts (e.g., 3-5mm, 5-10mm, and 10-15mm). The roller surface can be provided with raised structures 44 (height 0.8-1.2mm, spacing 5-8mm). The raised structures 44 are staggered diamond-shaped protrusions with rounded tops and chamfered edges of 0.2-0.5mm. The protrusions are distributed in a spiral pattern on the roller surface with a spiral helix angle of 15°-30°, and the phase difference between adjacent spiral protrusions is 50%-70%. The rounded top of the diamond-shaped protrusions reduces stress concentration during nut compression, while the chamfered edges prevent scratching the kernels. The spiral arrangement combined with a phase difference design ensures uniform force distribution on the nuts during compression between the rollers, preventing localized over- or under-compression. The raised structure 44 can also be parallel to the axial direction of the compression rollers, featuring concave and convex stripes with a trapezoidal cross-section. The top width is 2-4 mm, the bottom width is 4-6 mm, and the height is 0.8-1.2 mm. The spacing between adjacent stripes is 5-8 mm, and the stripes on both rollers are staggered, with a misalignment of 30%-50% of the stripe spacing. The trapezoidal cross-section of the stripes, narrower at the top and wider at the bottom, enhances structural strength and prevents compression deformation. A slightly convex arc (radius 0.1-0.3 mm) can be added to the top surface to reduce contact stress on the nuts. The stripes, parallel to the roller axial direction, create a progressive compression through staggered interlocking. The nuts experience continuous shear force as they roll between the rollers, resulting in more uniform shell cracking. Power System 5: The electric motor is connected to the reducer via a coupling, and then drives the roller 2 and the extrusion roller via the belt assembly 52; a variable frequency motor can be used to achieve stepless speed adjustment to adapt to different nut varieties. Adjustable Design: The grading slide 3 is replaceable, and the gap width can be adjusted from 5-25mm to suit different nuts; the gap of the extrusion roller can be adjusted manually or automatically, improving the versatility of the equipment.

[0031] In some embodiments of this utility model, it is applicable to small and medium-sized nuts such as almonds and pistachios. The structural configuration is as follows: Feed hopper 1: Conical design with a vibrator at the bottom to ensure uniform feeding. Roller 2: 300mm in diameter, with guide grooves on the surface, rotating at 30rpm to ensure nuts fall evenly into the grading chute 3. Grading chute 3: 1200mm in length, with a 10° inclination angle; the gap width is 4mm at the beginning and 18mm at the end, increasing linearly; the surface is covered with a 2.5mm polyurethane layer to reduce friction damage. Extrusion roller group 4: First extrusion roller pair 41 (gap 4-6mm), corresponding to small nuts; second extrusion roller pair 42 (gap 6-10mm), corresponding to medium nuts; third extrusion roller pair 43 (gap 10-15mm), corresponding to large nuts; roller surface protrusion structures 44 are 1mm high, spaced 6mm apart, and arranged in an alternating pattern. Power system 5: 1.5kW motor, driven by reducer (speed ratio 1:10); main belt 521 drives roller 2, auxiliary belt 522 drives extrusion roller (speed ratio 1:1.2). Working process: (1) Nuts are put into feeding hopper 1, dispersed by roller 2 and enter grading slide 3; (2) Small nuts (such as pistachios) fall from the starting end (4mm gap) and enter the first extrusion roller pair 41 for shelling; medium nuts (such as almonds) fall from the middle section (6-10mm gap) and enter the second extrusion roller pair 42; large nuts (such as macadamia nuts) fall from the end (10-15mm gap) and enter the third extrusion roller pair 43; (3) The shelled mixture is discharged from the discharge port and enters the subsequent sorting process.

[0032] In some embodiments of this utility model, it is applicable to large nuts such as walnuts. The structural configuration is as follows: grading slide 3: the gap width is adjusted to 5-25mm and the inclination angle is 8°; extrusion roller group 4: a fourth roller pair is added (gap 15-20mm), and the height of the roller surface protrusion structure 44 is 1.2mm; power system 5: a 2.2kW variable frequency motor is used, and the roller speed is adjustable (20-50rpm).

[0033] In some embodiments of this utility model, it is applicable to small nuts such as pine nuts. The structural configuration is as follows: grading slide 3: gap width 3-10mm, inclination angle 12°; extrusion roller group 4: only two pairs of rollers are retained (gap 3-5mm, 5-8mm), and the height of the raised structure 44 is 0.8mm; power system 5: adopts a high-speed motor (100rpm) to improve processing capacity.

[0034] This invention achieves uniform feeding and initial dispersion of nuts through the synergistic action of the feeding hopper 1 and the roller 2. The grading slide 3 below the roller 2 adopts an inclined continuous variable gap structure, which allows nuts of different sizes to be automatically graded according to particle size as they slide along the slide under gravity. The graded nuts enter multiple sets of extrusion rollers with corresponding gaps below for targeted extrusion and shelling. The extrusion action is coordinated and consistent through the synchronous drive of the power system 5. Finally, the shell and kernel mixture is discharged through the outlet. The entire structure, supported by the frame 6, realizes continuous operation of nuts from feeding, grading to shelling, which not only ensures grading accuracy but also improves shelling efficiency.

[0035] The above are merely the principles and preferred embodiments of this utility model. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several other modifications can be made based on the principles of this utility model, and these modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of this utility model.

Claims

1. A nut grading, extrusion, and shelling device, characterized in that, include: A feeding hopper, located on top of the equipment, is used to feed nuts; A roller is located below the feed hopper. A continuous grading track is provided below the roller. The grading track extends along the roller axis and the gap width on the grading track increases continuously from the beginning to the end. The extrusion roller assembly is located below the grading slide and includes multiple sets of roller pairs, with the gap between each set of roller pairs corresponding to different sections of the grading slide. The power system includes a geared motor and a belt assembly, which are connected in sequence to drive the roller and the extrusion roller to rotate synchronously. The discharge port, located below the extrusion roller assembly, is used to discharge the shell and kernel mixture; A frame is used to support and secure components; The grading slide has an inclination angle of 5°-15°, and the nuts slide along the grading slide under the action of gravity and are graded through the gradually increasing gaps.

2. The nut grading, extrusion, and shelling equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gap width of the graded slide is in the following range: the width at the beginning is 3-5mm, and the width at the end is 15-20mm; the gap width increases linearly or non-linearly.

3. The nut grading, extrusion, and shelling equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preferred inclination angle of the graded slide is 8°-12°.

4. The nut grading, extrusion, and shelling equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The graded slide surface is provided with a polyurethane wear-resistant layer with a thickness of 2-3mm.

5. A nut grading, extrusion, and shelling device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The extrusion roller set includes: a first extrusion roller pair with a gap of 3-5mm, corresponding to the starting section of the grading slide; a second extrusion roller pair with a gap of 5-10mm, corresponding to the middle section of the grading slide; and a third extrusion roller pair with a gap of 10-15mm, corresponding to the end of the grading slide.

6. A nut grading, extrusion, and shelling device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The extrusion roller has staggered protrusions on its surface. The height of each protrusion is 0.8-1.2 mm, and the distance between any two adjacent protrusions is 5-8 mm.

7. A nut grading, extrusion, and shelling device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The protruding structure consists of staggered diamond-shaped protrusions, with the top of each protrusion having a rounded transition.

8. A nut grading, extrusion, and shelling device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The raised structure consists of concave and convex stripes parallel to the axial direction of the extrusion roller assembly, and the stripe cross-section is trapezoidal.

9. A nut grading, extrusion, and shelling device according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the power system: the output shaft of the geared motor drives the main shaft of the extrusion roller via the main belt; the main shaft drives the rotating shaft of the drum via the auxiliary belt.

10. A nut grading, extrusion, and shelling device according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, Different nuts can be adapted by changing the grading slide with different gap parameters. The gap width of the grading slide can be adjusted from 5 to 25 mm.

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