Adjusting type air window for coal mine

Abstract

The utility model provides an adjustable air window for a coal mine, which belongs to the technical field of mine ventilation and comprises a frame body and a plurality of louvre blades, the louvre blades are respectively and uniformly arranged in a hollow cavity of the frame body through a rotating shaft, one end of the rotating shaft is provided with an adjusting gear, and the adjusting gear is meshed with an adjusting rack. The adjusting rack is connected with a sliding mechanism, a servo motor is arranged on one side of the frame body, the output end of the servo motor is connected with a transmission mechanism, and the transmission mechanism is connected with a rotating shaft. The transmission mechanism comprises a plum coupling, a corner device, a pin coupling and a speed reducer, the output end of the servo motor is connected with the speed reducer, the speed reducer is connected with the corner device through the pin coupling, and the corner device is connected with one end of the rotating shaft through the plum coupling. Through the design of the transmission mechanism and the sliding mechanism, the transmission efficiency can be effectively improved, accurate adjustment of the ventilation quantity is achieved, and safety, reliability, high efficiency and energy conservation are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of mine ventilation technology, and in particular to an adjustable ventilation window for coal mines. Background Technology

[0002] Mine ventilation systems are the "lifeline" of safe coal mine production. Their core function is to effectively reduce methane concentration, dilute dust, and improve the working environment temperature by rationally regulating the airflow in the roadways. With the advancement of smart mine construction, the traditional method of manually adjusting the opening size of ventilation windows based on actual data has revealed significant defects such as adjustment lag, insufficient precision, and low automation. For example, manual adjustment cannot respond to methane concentration fluctuations in real time, easily leading to insufficient local ventilation and causing safety hazards; although traditional pneumatic control can achieve partial automation, it lacks dynamic perception and closed-loop control capabilities of environmental parameters, making it difficult to meet the precise ventilation requirements of "production determined by ventilation." In addition, the mine environment has special characteristics such as high dust, high humidity, and flammability and explosiveness, which places stringent requirements on the reliability and protection of ventilation equipment. Traditional technical solutions also have obvious shortcomings in terms of stability and safety.

[0003] In the prior art, Chinese patent application publication number CN105840072A discloses a fully intelligent automatic venetian blind, including a window frame and intelligent blades. The window frame is equipped with a rack and pinion, and the window frame is an integral hollow structure. A small motor and a gear are respectively connected to both ends of the rack and pinion, and the small motor, rack and gear are all installed in the inner cavity of the window frame. A screw cap is installed on the gear. Both ends of the intelligent blades are installed on a rotating shaft, and the rotating shaft is fixedly welded to the intelligent blades. The rotating shaft is connected to the gear inside the window frame through the screw cap. A photoresistor, a humidity sensor and a control circuit board are also provided on the intelligent blades.

[0004] Although the aforementioned louvers achieve automatic adjustment through photoresistors, humidity sensors, and rack and pinion transmission, the following shortcomings still exist in actual use: First, the motor only adopts a simple rack and pinion transmission structure, lacking guidance and shock absorption design, and the transmission accuracy is insufficient to meet the requirements of refined control of ventilation volume; second, the sensor configuration (light intensity, humidity) cannot cover the key parameters required for mine ventilation (such as air volume, air pressure, and gas concentration), and cannot provide effective data support for ventilation volume adjustment; third, it only supports simple single closed-loop adjustment of light intensity and angle, which is difficult to cope with the complex scenarios of multi-parameter coupling in mine ventilation (such as the linkage control of air volume and gas concentration). Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of existing louvers, such as simple transmission structure, low transmission accuracy, and poor ventilation adjustment effect, and to provide an adjustable ventilation window for coal mines.

[0006] This utility model is achieved through the following technical solution: a coal mine adjustable ventilation window, comprising a frame body and several louvers, wherein the several louvers are evenly arranged inside the hollow cavity of the frame body via rotating shafts, the two ends of the rotating shafts are rotatably connected to the side walls of the hollow cavity, and one end of the rotating shaft is provided with an adjusting gear; the adjusting gear is meshed with an adjusting rack, the adjusting rack is connected to a sliding mechanism, and the sliding mechanism is disposed inside the hollow cavity; a servo motor is provided on one side of the frame body, the output end of the servo motor is connected to a transmission mechanism, and the transmission mechanism is connected to one of the rotating shafts; the transmission mechanism includes a perforated coupling, an angler, a pin coupling, and a reducer, the output end of the servo motor is connected to the reducer, the reducer is connected to the angler via a pin coupling, and the angler is connected to one end of the rotating shaft via a perforated coupling.

[0007] This ventilation window reduces motor speed and increases torque through a speed reducer, meeting the high-load start-up requirements underground and allowing for stable adjustment of the louvers even under high wind speeds in the tunnel. Furthermore, the pin coupling and spline coupling have shock absorption and buffering functions, reducing the impact of motor vibration on the transmission system, improving transmission accuracy, and reducing equipment noise. Simultaneously, the linkage between the gear rack and sliding mechanism effectively improves the adjustment accuracy of the louvers, ensuring stable airflow in the tunnel and reducing the risk of gas accumulation.

[0008] A further improvement of this utility model is that the sliding mechanism includes a slide rail and a slider, the slide rail is disposed inside the hollow cavity, the slider is slidably connected to the slide rail, and the adjusting rack is connected to the slider.

[0009] A further improvement of this utility model is that there are several sliders, which are evenly arranged and connected together with the adjusting rack.

[0010] A further improvement of this utility model is that the servo motor is electrically connected to a PLC control box, and the PLC control box is electrically connected to a sensor unit for measuring wind parameters. The PLC control box can generate control signals based on the data from the sensor unit to drive the servo motor to adjust the opening angle of the louvers through a transmission mechanism, adjusting gears, and adjusting racks.

[0011] A further improvement of this invention is that the sensor unit includes an air volume and direction sensor and a gas concentration sensor, which are used to monitor the real-time air volume, air direction and gas concentration in the roadway, respectively.

[0012] A further improvement of this utility model is that a protective housing is provided on the outside of the servo motor and the transmission mechanism, and the protective housing is located on one side of the frame body.

[0013] A further improvement of this utility model is that the protective housing is provided with a waterproof cable connector for connecting wires.

[0014] A further improvement of this utility model is that there are two waterproof cable connectors, which are symmetrically arranged on the top of the protective shell.

[0015] As can be seen from the above technical solutions, the beneficial effects of this utility model are:

[0016] 1. The transmission system of this ventilation window adopts a combination structure of servo motor, reducer, and plum blossom / pin coupling. The reducer increases the motor torque, and the angle device realizes the power direction conversion, enabling precise adjustment of the louvers even under high load conditions with high wind speeds in the aisle. The vibration damping design of the coupling reduces transmission vibration amplitude and noise, and has high transmission efficiency and good energy saving effect. At the same time, the multi-slider uniform support structure improves the bending strength of the rack and pinion, avoids deformation under single-point stress, and ensures that the adjustment stability is maintained even in high wind pressure environments, comprehensively improving the reliability and economy of the ventilation system.

[0017] 2. This ventilation window collects real-time roadway environmental data through airflow and direction sensors and gas concentration sensors. Combined with the built-in PID algorithm in a mine-use explosion-proof and intrinsically safe PLC control box, it constructs a closed-loop system for data monitoring, intelligent calculation, and dynamic adjustment. When the gas concentration exceeds the safety standard, the system automatically adjusts the louver opening angle to increase airflow and ensure the gas concentration quickly drops back to the safe threshold. Simultaneously, this ventilation window offers high adjustment precision, reducing adjustment errors and effectively solving the problems of lagging ventilation and coarse adjustment, thus meeting the precise ventilation requirements for production based on airflow.

[0018] 3. This ventilation window adopts full-process explosion-proof technology: the PLC control box, servo motor, and transmission mechanism have all passed ExdI explosion-proof certification. The protective housing can withstand an explosion pressure of 0.8MPa, and the internal electrical components meet intrinsically safe design requirements, eliminating the risk of gas explosion caused by electrical sparks at the source. Mechanically, the slide rail guide and multi-point slider support ensure the accuracy of the rack and pinion movement. Combined with an IP65-level protective housing and IP68-level waterproof cable connectors, it can operate continuously and stably in tunnel environments with high dust concentrations and relative humidity, extending maintenance cycles and significantly reducing the safety risks of underground equipment maintenance. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solution of this utility model, the drawings used in the description will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram of a specific embodiment of the present utility model.

[0021] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the frame body of a specific embodiment of this utility model.

[0022] Figure 3 This is an electrical schematic diagram of a specific embodiment of the present utility model.

[0023] In the diagram: 1. Frame body; 101. Hollow cavity; 2. Louver; 3. Waterproof cable connector; 4. Protective housing; 5. Rotating shaft; 6. Adjusting gear; 601. Adjusting rack; 7. Slide rail; 8. Slider; 9. Plum blossom coupling; 10. Angle joint; 11. Pin coupling; 12. Reducer; 13. Servo motor; 14. Sensor unit; 15. PLC control box. Detailed Implementation

[0024] To make the objectives, features, and advantages of this utility model more apparent and understandable, the technical solutions of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the specific embodiments. Obviously, the embodiments described below are only some embodiments of this utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this patent, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this patent.

[0025] Now refer to Figure 1 — Figure 3The following is a description of a specific embodiment: The adjustable ventilation window for coal mines according to this utility model includes a frame body 1 and several louvers 2. The louvers 2 are evenly arranged inside the hollow cavity 101 of the frame body 1 via a rotating shaft 5. Both ends of the rotating shaft 5 are rotatably connected to the side wall of the hollow cavity 101, and one end of the rotating shaft 5 is provided with an adjusting gear 6. The adjusting gear 6 is meshed with an adjusting rack 601, and the adjusting rack 601 is connected to a sliding mechanism, which is located inside the hollow cavity 101. The frame body 1... A servo motor 13 is provided on one side, and the output end of the servo motor 13 is connected to a transmission mechanism, which is connected to a rotating shaft 5. The servo motor 13 is electrically connected to a PLC control box 15, and the PLC control box 15 is electrically connected to a sensor unit 14 for measuring wind parameters. The PLC control box 15 is an explosion-proof and intrinsically safe control box with a built-in PID controller, which can generate control signals based on the data from the sensor unit 14 to drive the servo motor 13 to adjust the opening angle of the louver 2 through the transmission mechanism, adjusting gear 6 and adjusting rack 601.

[0026] Based on the actual working environment of mine roadways and the existing mine ventilation system, this ventilation window is installed. The sensor unit 14 collects parameters such as roadway air volume, air pressure, and gas concentration in real time. Referring to existing PLC and PID control technology, the PLC control box 15 uses its built-in PID controller to calculate the data and generate control signals to drive the servo motor 13. The servo motor drives the rotating shaft 5 to rotate through a transmission mechanism. The adjusting gear 6 on the rotating shaft meshes with the adjusting rack 601, converting the rotational motion of the motor into the linear motion of the rack, thereby adjusting the opening angle of the louvers 2.

[0027] This ventilation window achieves automatic adjustment of ventilation volume through real-time monitoring of multiple parameters and PID closed-loop control. It features a fast response speed and effective ventilation volume adjustment, significantly improving operational efficiency. Furthermore, the explosion-proof and intrinsically safe PLC control box meets the explosion-proof requirements of underground coal mines, achieving a high protection level. It can operate safely in environments with methane concentrations ≤1%, avoiding the risk of explosion caused by electrical sparks. Simultaneously, the linkage between the gear rack and sliding mechanism effectively improves the adjustment accuracy of the louvers 2, ensuring the stability of roadway airflow and reducing the risk of methane accumulation.

[0028] Specifically, refer to Figure 3The transmission mechanism includes a plum blossom coupling 9, an angle device 10, a pin coupling 11, and a reducer 12. The output end of the servo motor 13 is connected to the reducer 12. The reducer 12 is connected to the angle device 10 through the pin coupling 11. The angle device 10 can be a DYHQ series or ZDY(B) type series that conforms to mining standards. The angle device 10 is connected to one end of the rotating shaft 5 through the plum blossom coupling 9.

[0029] The power output from the servo motor 13 is reduced and increased in torque by the reducer 12, and then transmitted to the angler 10 through the pin coupling 11. The angler changes the direction of power transmission, and then drives the rotating shaft 5 through the plum blossom coupling 9.

[0030] This ventilation window reduces motor speed and increases torque through the reducer 12, meeting the high-load start-up requirements underground. It can stably adjust the louvers 2 even under roadway wind speeds ≥8m / s. Furthermore, the pin coupling 11 and the plum blossom coupling 9 have shock absorption and buffering functions, reducing the impact of motor vibration on the transmission system, which not only improves transmission accuracy but also reduces equipment noise.

[0031] Specifically, refer to Figure 2 The sliding mechanism includes a slide rail 7 and a slider 8. The slide rail 7 is disposed inside the hollow cavity 101, the slider 8 is slidably connected to the slide rail 7, and the adjusting rack 601 is connected to the slider 8.

[0032] The adjusting rack 601 is slidably connected to the slide rail 7 via the slider 8. When the servo motor 13 drives the gear to rotate, the rack moves linearly along the slide rail 7, and the slide rail 7 provides guiding constraints for the rack.

[0033] This windshield improves the accuracy of rack and pinion movement and reduces movement errors through this sliding rail guide structure, thereby reducing the angle adjustment deviation of the louvers 2. Furthermore, the cooperation between the slider 8 and the sliding rail 7 reduces the resistance of rack and pinion movement, improves transmission efficiency, reduces motor energy consumption, and extends the service life of the equipment.

[0034] Specifically, refer to Figure 1 The servo motor 13 and the transmission mechanism are provided with a protective housing 4 on the outside of the housing, which is located on one side of the frame body 1.

[0035] The protective housing 4 encloses the servo motor 13 and the transmission mechanism, isolating them from the corrosive effects of mine dust and moisture. The protective housing is welded from Q235 steel plate with a thickness ≥5mm, capable of withstanding an explosion pressure of 0.8MPa. The internal electrical components have an explosion-proof rating of ExdI, ensuring that no secondary explosion occurs in a gas explosion environment.

[0036] This ventilation window, with its IP65 protection rating, effectively prevents dust particles with a diameter of ≥0.1mm from entering, while also resisting high-pressure water jets, enabling the equipment to operate continuously in tunnel environments with a relative humidity of ≥95%.

[0037] Specifically, refer to Figure 1 The protective housing 4 is equipped with a waterproof cable connector 3 for connecting electrical wires. The waterproof cable connector 3 seals the wire inlet, preventing moisture and dust from entering the interior of the protective housing through the cable hole.

[0038] The waterproof cable connector 3 adopts an NPT threaded sealing structure with an IP68 protection rating, allowing it to remain submerged in water up to 1 meter deep without water ingress, ensuring a safe and reliable electrical connection. Furthermore, the waterproof cable connector 3 incorporates a flame-retardant sealing ring with a V-0 flame-retardant rating, effectively preventing the spread of flames and enhancing the overall safety of the equipment.

[0039] In one embodiment, reference Figure 3 The sensor unit 14 includes an air volume and direction sensor and a gas concentration sensor, which are used to monitor the real-time air volume, air direction and gas concentration in the roadway, respectively.

[0040] The air volume and direction sensor and the gas concentration sensor monitor the roadway parameters in real time. The PLC control box 15 dynamically calculates the optimal louver opening angle through the PID algorithm, forming a closed-loop control of monitoring, calculation and adjustment.

[0041] This multi-parameter coupled control system can automatically adjust the airflow according to the gas concentration. When the gas concentration exceeds the standard, the system can quickly increase the airflow to ensure that the gas concentration remains below the safe threshold. Simultaneously, the adaptive adjustment function of the PID algorithm allows the system to maintain stable airflow within the range of changes in roadway resistance, saving control energy.

[0042] In one embodiment, reference Figure 2 There are several sliders 8, which are evenly arranged and connected together with the adjusting rack 601.

[0043] The multiple evenly arranged sliders 8 together support the adjusting rack 601, so that the rack is subjected to uniform force and avoids deformation due to single-point force.

[0044] This windshield system utilizes a multi-point support structure to enhance the bending strength of the rack, maintaining linear motion even under high wind pressure (≥1 kPa) and ensuring the stability of the louver 2 adjustment. Furthermore, the even distribution of multiple sliders 8 reduces wear on individual sliders 8, extending maintenance cycles and lowering equipment maintenance costs.

[0045] In one embodiment, reference Figure 1There are two waterproof cable connectors 3, which are symmetrically arranged on the top of the protective housing 4.

[0046] Two symmetrically arranged waterproof cable connectors 3 are used for the connection of power cables and signal cables respectively, avoiding interference from line crossings. This separate cable entry design reduces electromagnetic interference, lowers sensor signal transmission errors, and improves the data acquisition accuracy of the control system. At the same time, the symmetrical layout facilitates on-site wiring operations, not only improving installation efficiency but also reserving interfaces for future equipment upgrades.

[0047] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A retractable ventilation window for coal mines, comprising a frame body (1) and a plurality of louvers (2), characterized in that, Several louvers (2) are evenly arranged inside the hollow cavity (101) of the frame body (1) via a rotating shaft (5). The two ends of the rotating shaft (5) are rotatably connected to the side wall of the hollow cavity (101), and an adjusting gear (6) is provided at one end of the rotating shaft (5). The adjusting gear (6) is meshed with an adjusting rack (601), and the adjusting rack (601) is connected to a sliding mechanism, which is located inside the hollow cavity (101). A servo motor is provided on one side of the frame body (1). 13), the output end of the servo motor (13) is connected to a transmission mechanism, which is connected to one of the rotating shafts (5); the transmission mechanism includes a plum blossom coupling (9), an angler (10), a pin coupling (11) and a reducer (12). The output end of the servo motor (13) is connected to the reducer (12). The reducer (12) is connected to the angler (10) through the pin coupling (11). The angler (10) is connected to one end of one of the rotating shafts (5) through the plum blossom coupling (9).

2. The adjustable ventilation window for coal mines according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sliding mechanism includes a slide rail (7) and a slider (8). The slide rail (7) is disposed inside the hollow cavity (101). The slider (8) is slidably connected to the slide rail (7). The adjusting rack (601) is connected to the slider (8).

3. A retractable ventilation window for coal mines according to claim 2, characterized in that, There are several sliders (8), which are evenly arranged and connected to the adjusting rack (601).

4. A retractable ventilation window for coal mines according to claim 1, characterized in that, The servo motor (13) is electrically connected to a PLC control box (15), and the PLC control box (15) is electrically connected to a sensor unit (14) for measuring wind parameters. The PLC control box (15) can generate control signals based on the data from the sensor unit (14) to drive the servo motor (13) to adjust the opening angle of the louvers (2) through the transmission mechanism, adjusting gear (6) and adjusting rack (601).

5. A retractable ventilation window for coal mines according to claim 4, characterized in that, The sensor unit (14) includes an air volume and direction sensor and a gas concentration sensor, which are used to monitor the real-time air volume, direction and gas concentration in the roadway, respectively.

6. A retractable ventilation window for coal mines according to claim 1, characterized in that, The servo motor (13) and the transmission mechanism are provided with a protective housing (4) on the outside of the protective housing (4) on one side of the frame body (1).

7. A retractable ventilation window for coal mines according to claim 6, characterized in that, The protective housing (4) is provided with a waterproof cable connector (3) for connecting wires.

8. A retractable ventilation window for coal mines according to claim 7, characterized in that, There are two cable waterproof connectors (3), and the two cable waterproof connectors (3) are symmetrically arranged on the top of the protective shell (4).

Images