Waste treatment incinerator

Abstract

The utility model discloses a waste treatment incinerator, which relates to the technical field of incineration, and adopts the scheme that the waste treatment incinerator comprises an incinerator shell, a feed port is formed in the top end of the incinerator shell, and a discharge port is formed in the bottom end of the incinerator shell. The upper fire-resistant lining is located in the incinerator shell, and the upper fire-resistant lining is connected with the top end of the incinerator shell; the lower refractory lining is located in the incinerator shell, the lower refractory lining is connected with the bottom end of the incinerator shell, and an expansion gap is reserved between the lower refractory lining and the upper refractory lining; one end of the compensation sleeve is arranged on the outer side of the upper fireproof lining in a sleeving mode, the other end of the compensation sleeve is arranged on the outer side of the lower fireproof lining in a sleeving mode, and a main combustion chamber is formed between the upper fireproof lining and the lower fireproof lining; thermal expansion of the inner wall of the incinerator can be effectively relieved, and the service life of equipment is prolonged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of incineration technology, specifically to a waste treatment incinerator. Background Technology

[0002] Hazardous waste incineration is a crucial measure for safeguarding ecological security and achieving resource recycling. During the process, high-temperature decomposition reduces the volume of solid hazardous waste, effectively alleviating the burden on landfills and freeing up valuable land resources. Simultaneously, the ultra-high temperatures generated by incineration can break down the molecular structure of heavy metals and organic pollutants, kill pathogens, and eliminate their threats to the environment and human health at their source. Furthermore, the ash residue after incineration contains valuable metals such as iron and copper, which can be extracted and reused in production.

[0003] A hazardous waste safety incineration device disclosed in authorization announcement number (CN222578238U) includes an incinerator and a conveying pipe fixedly at an incense burner on one side of the upper part of the incinerator. An inner cylinder is fixedly installed inside the conveying pipe. During incineration, the compressed hazardous waste is conveyed into the incinerator and burned. The rotation of the stirring rod can effectively agitate the burning hazardous waste and prevent it from accumulating.

[0004] The structure disclosed in this patent has defects in practical applications, specifically as follows: During the high-temperature incineration of hazardous waste, the temperature inside the incinerator can reach hundreds or even thousands of degrees Celsius. This continuous high-temperature environment causes significant thermal expansion of the incinerator's inner wall material. Due to the lack of effective thermal stress release and buffering design, repeated thermal expansion and contraction lead to fatigue damage within the material. Over time, cracks and peeling are likely to appear on the inner wall, seriously affecting the structural integrity and service life of the incinerator. This not only increases equipment maintenance costs but may also cause safety hazards and reduce incineration efficiency and stability. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this utility model is to provide a waste treatment incinerator that addresses the problem of structural damage and shortened lifespan caused by thermal expansion of the inner wall of the incinerator due to high-temperature combustion in the prior art. It proposes a solution that can effectively alleviate the problem of thermal expansion of the inner wall of the incinerator and extend the service life of the equipment.

[0006] This utility model is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0007] A waste incinerator includes: an incinerator shell with a feed inlet at the top and a discharge outlet at the bottom; an upper refractory lining located inside the incinerator shell and connected to the top of the shell; a lower refractory lining located inside the shell and connected to the bottom, with an expansion gap between the upper and lower refractory linings; and a compensating sleeve, one end of which is fitted onto the outside of the upper refractory lining and the other end onto the outside of the lower refractory lining, forming a main combustion chamber between the upper and lower refractory linings; wherein the upper and lower refractory linings can achieve axial thermal expansion freedom through the reserved expansion gap.

[0008] Furthermore, in this utility model, a first annular positioning groove is provided on the inner side of the top end of the compensation sleeve, which is used to install the upper refractory lining; a second annular positioning groove is provided on the inner side of the bottom end of the compensation sleeve, which is used to install the lower refractory lining.

[0009] Furthermore, in this utility model, the above also includes an adaptive telescopic component; the compensation sleeve includes two radially adaptive half-sleeves arranged opposite each other, the two radially adaptive half-sleeves being able to wrap around the expansion gap; one end of the adaptive telescopic component is connected to the inner wall of the incinerator shell, and the other end of the adaptive telescopic component is connected to the outer wall of the radially adaptive half-sleeve.

[0010] Furthermore, in this utility model, the aforementioned adaptive telescopic component includes a base sleeve, a telescopic shaft, and an elastic element; the base sleeve is installed on the inner wall of the incinerator shell; one end of the telescopic shaft is fitted inside the base sleeve, and the other end of the telescopic shaft is connected to the outer wall of the radial adaptive half sleeve; one end of the elastic element is connected to the bottom wall inside the base sleeve, and the other end of the elastic element is connected to the telescopic shaft.

[0011] Furthermore, in this utility model, the above also includes an elastic sealing sheet; both ends of the radially adaptive half-sleeve are provided with mounting grooves, and the two ends of the two radially adaptive half-sleeves are respectively connected to the same elastic sealing sheet; one end of the elastic sealing sheet is guided and assembled in the mounting groove of one of the radially adaptive half-sleeves, and the other end of the elastic sealing sheet is guided and assembled in the mounting groove of the other radially adaptive half-sleeve.

[0012] Furthermore, in this invention, the inner wall of the incinerator shell is provided with a heat insulation layer.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, this utility model has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0014] 1. This application, through a combination structure of a reserved expansion gap and a compensating sleeve, allows the upper and lower refractory linings inside the incinerator to expand freely axially at high temperatures, effectively releasing thermal stress. Compared to the inner wall without buffer design in the prior art, this structure avoids fatigue damage caused by thermal expansion and contraction, significantly reduces the risk of cracks and spalling in the inner wall, and significantly improves the structural integrity and service life of the incinerator.

[0015] 2. In this application, the compensating sleeve and the elastic sealing plate work together to maintain good sealing performance when the refractory lining expands or contracts. When the lining expands due to heat, the elastic sealing plate dynamically fills the gaps to prevent high-temperature flue gas leakage; when the temperature decreases, the sealing plate resets to ensure the combustion chamber is airtight and reduce heat loss. This design ensures the stability of the high-temperature environment inside the incinerator, improves the incineration efficiency of hazardous waste, and reduces energy loss. Attached Figure Description

[0016] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the present invention and form part of this application, do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0017] Figure 1 A three-dimensional view of a waste treatment incinerator;

[0018] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the interior of the incinerator shell;

[0019] Figure 3 A three-dimensional view of the compensation sleeve;

[0020] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the adaptive scaling component.

[0021] The attached diagram shows the markings and corresponding component names:

[0022] 1-Incinerator shell, 2-Inlet, 3-Outlet, 4-Upper refractory lining, 5-Lower refractory lining, 6-Expansion gap, 7-Compensating sleeve, 8-Adaptive telescopic assembly, 9-Insulation layer, 10-Base sleeve, 11-Elastic element, 12-Telescopic shaft, 13-Radial adaptive half sleeve, 14-First annular positioning groove, 15-Second annular positioning groove, 16-Assembly slot, 17-Elastic sealing sheet. Detailed Implementation

[0023] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this utility model clearer, the present utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of this utility model are only used to explain this utility model and are not intended to limit this utility model.

[0024] Example

[0025] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 This utility model provides a waste incinerator. The incinerator shell 1 has a vertical cylindrical structure. A feed inlet 2 is located at the top of the incinerator shell 1, and a discharge outlet 3 is located at the bottom of the incinerator shell 1, respectively handling the input of hazardous waste and the discharge of residues. A combustion supply inlet and a flue gas outlet are also located at the top of the incinerator shell 1: the combustion supply inlet connects to an external combustion system, continuously supplying a high-temperature heat source to the main combustion chamber; the flue gas outlet is connected to a flue gas purification system, ensuring that the harmful flue gas generated during combustion is effectively treated.

[0026] In the internal structure of the incinerator shell 1, the upper refractory lining 4 is fixedly connected to the top of the incinerator shell 1, and the lower refractory lining 5 is connected to the bottom of the incinerator shell 1. An expansion gap 6 is reserved between them, which provides room for the thermal expansion of the refractory lining under high-temperature conditions. Compensating sleeves 7 are respectively fitted onto the outer sides of the upper refractory lining 4 and the lower refractory lining 5, enclosing the area between them to form the main combustion chamber. When the incinerator is running, the upper refractory lining 4 and the lower refractory lining 5 expand axially due to heat, extending into the compensating sleeves 7 through the reserved expansion gap 6. This design not only avoids damage to the refractory lining caused by thermal stress, but also achieves a seal through the cooperation between the compensating sleeves 7 and the refractory lining, effectively reducing heat loss and improving combustion efficiency.

[0027] In actual operation, the feed inlet 2 adopts an openable and closable design, opening only when hazardous waste is fed in and remaining closed during the combustion phase to prevent heat and flue gas leakage. The bottom of the incinerator shell 1 adopts a funnel-shaped structure, and the discharge port 3 can also be controlled to open and close, remaining closed during combustion and opening after the waste is completely burned to discharge the treated residue. The entire system achieves safe and efficient treatment of hazardous waste through the coordinated operation of its components, ensuring the orderly collection and purification of harmful flue gas.

[0028] Please refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3 In some embodiments of this application, the compensation sleeve 7 adopts a split upper and lower structure design, and the inner sides of the top and bottom ends of the compensation sleeve 7 are respectively provided with a first annular positioning groove 14 and a second annular positioning groove 15, so as to realize the precise installation and dynamic sealing of the refractory lining.

[0029] The first annular positioning groove 14 is distributed circumferentially along the inner wall of the top of the compensating sleeve 7, and can adapt to the outer dimensions of the upper refractory lining 4. When the upper refractory lining 4 undergoes axial thermal expansion due to high combustion temperature, it can freely extend along the longitudinal direction of the first annular positioning groove 14, so that thermal stress can be effectively released. Similarly, the second annular positioning groove 15 at the bottom of the compensating sleeve 7 forms an embedded fit with the lower refractory lining 5, providing sufficient displacement space for the lower refractory lining 5 during the axial expansion process caused by heat, ensuring a smooth and orderly thermal expansion process.

[0030] The two annular positioning grooves not only provide guidance and buffer space for the thermal expansion of the refractory lining, but also achieve reliable sealing of the main combustion chamber through a tight fitting structure. High-temperature resistant sealing material can be installed between the refractory lining and the annular positioning grooves. During thermal expansion, as the contact area between the lining and the positioning grooves increases, the sealing effect is further enhanced, thereby effectively preventing the leakage of high-temperature flue gas and avoiding the intrusion of cold air from the outside, ensuring the efficient and stable operation of the incinerator.

[0031] Please refer to Figure 3 In some embodiments of this application, the compensation sleeve 7 adopts a double-lobed structure design, consisting of two radially adaptive half-sleeves 13. When the two radially adaptive half-sleeves 13 are engaged, they can completely cover the expansion gap 6 between the upper refractory lining 4 and the lower refractory lining 5. One end of the adaptive telescopic component 8 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the incinerator shell 1 by a high-temperature resistant bolt, and the other end of the adaptive telescopic component 8 is hinged to the outer wall of the radially adaptive half-sleeve 13, forming an adjustable elastic support structure.

[0032] When the incinerator is running, the upper refractory lining 4 and the lower refractory lining 5 expand radially due to high temperatures, pushing the two radially adaptive semi-sleeves 13 to separate radially. At this time, the adaptive telescopic component 8 contracts, ensuring that the adaptive semi-sleeves move smoothly outward, so that the radial expansion of the refractory lining is unrestrained, effectively eliminating the influence of thermal stress. When the incinerator cools down, the refractory lining returns to its original shape, and the adaptive telescopic component 8 pushes the two radially adaptive semi-sleeves 13 to move towards the center synchronously, re-fitting tightly against the expansion gap 6, achieving a sealing function, and ensuring that the incinerator maintains good airtightness and structural stability during thermal cycling.

[0033] Please refer to Figure 4 Specifically, the adaptive telescopic assembly 8 consists of a base sleeve 10, a telescopic shaft 12, and an elastic element 11. The base sleeve 10 is securely installed on the inner wall of the incinerator shell 1 by welding or bolting. The inner wall of the base sleeve 10 is provided with a guide structure to provide a precise path for the sliding of the telescopic shaft 12.

[0034] One end of the telescopic shaft 12 extends into the interior of the base sleeve 10. The telescopic shaft 12 and the guide structure on the inner wall of the base sleeve 10 cooperate to form a sliding pair, ensuring a smooth and stable telescopic process. The other end of the telescopic shaft 12 is connected to the outer wall of the radially adaptive half sleeve 13, which can adapt to multi-directional displacement changes.

[0035] The elastic element 11 is made of high-temperature resistant tungsten alloy spring. Both ends of the elastic element 11 are fixed to the bottom wall inside the base sleeve 10 and the end face of the telescopic shaft 12, respectively. When the upper refractory lining 4 and the lower refractory lining 5 are heated and expand radially, they push the radially adaptive half sleeve 13 to move outward. The telescopic shaft 12 slides synchronously inside the base sleeve 10, compressing the tungsten alloy spring to absorb thermal stress. When the temperature drops, the spring recovers its deformation, driving the telescopic shaft 12 and the half sleeve to return to their original positions, thus achieving dynamic sealing and adaptive adjustment of the expansion gap 6.

[0036] Please refer to Figure 3 In some embodiments of this application, the two ends of the two radially adaptive half-sleeves 13 are respectively connected to the same elastic sealing sheet 17. Both ends of the radially adaptive half-sleeves 13 are provided with mounting grooves 16. The elastic sealing sheet 17 is made of high-temperature resistant alloy corrugated plate material, and both ends of the elastic sealing sheet 17 are respectively embedded in the mounting grooves 16 of the corresponding half-sleeves, forming a sliding fit between the elastic sealing sheet 17 and the inner wall of the mounting groove 16. When the two radially adaptive half-sleeves 13 are engaged, the elastic sealing sheet 17 slides deeper into the mounting groove 16 under the action of pre-tightening force, forming an initial sealing state. As the upper refractory lining 4 and the lower refractory lining 5 expand radially due to heat, they push the radially adaptive half-sleeves 13 away from each other. The elastic sealing sheet 17 extends along the guide structure of the mounting groove 16 towards the groove opening, utilizing the elastic deformation of its own corrugated structure to tightly fit the gap generated by the separation of the radially adaptive half-sleeves 13, achieving a dynamic seal. During this process, the elastic sealing sheet 17 compensates for gap changes through elastic deformation, minimizing high-temperature flue gas leakage and heat loss.

[0037] When the incinerator cools down and the refractory lining returns to its original state, causing the radial adaptive half-sleeve 13 to close, the elastic sealing sheet 17, under its own rebound force and the guiding action of the assembly slot 16, retracts into the assembly slot 16 at both ends, completing the closure of the sealing surface again, ensuring that the incinerator maintains high-efficiency airtight performance during the thermal cycle.

[0038] In some embodiments of this application, a composite heat insulation layer is provided on the inner wall of the incinerator shell 1. This heat insulation layer 9 is composed of an inner layer of high-temperature resistant ceramic fiber felt and an outer layer of nano-aerogel felt, and is installed through a staggered overlapping process to form a continuous and sealed heat insulation system.

[0039] The inner ceramic fiber felt possesses excellent high-temperature resistance, capable of withstanding temperatures above 1200℃, effectively blocking high-temperature heat radiation from the main combustion chamber. The outer nano-aerogel felt has an extremely low thermal conductivity, significantly reducing heat transfer efficiency. The synergistic effect of these two materials keeps the furnace surface temperature within a safe range, reducing heat loss from the main combustion chamber, ensuring stable combustion temperature, and preventing thermal deformation of the incinerator shell 1 due to prolonged high temperatures, effectively improving the structural stability and service life of the equipment. Simultaneously, the presence of the insulation layer 9 also reduces the ambient temperature around the furnace, improving operating conditions and enhancing safety.

[0040] For example, the incinerator shell 1 is preferably made of a high-temperature alloy material. This material has excellent high-temperature strength, creep resistance, and oxidation corrosion resistance, and can maintain stable mechanical properties for a long time in high-temperature environments above 1000°C, effectively avoiding warping or cracking problems caused by thermal stress.

[0041] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of this utility model. It should be understood that the above description is only a specific embodiment of this utility model and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of this utility model. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this utility model should be included within the scope of protection of this utility model.

Claims

1. A waste treatment incinerator, characterized in that, include: The incinerator shell (1) has a feed inlet (2) at the top and a discharge outlet (3) at the bottom. Upper refractory lining (4) is located inside the incinerator shell (1) and is connected to the top of the incinerator shell (1). The lower refractory lining (5) is located inside the incinerator shell (1). The lower refractory lining (5) is connected to the bottom end of the incinerator shell (1). An expansion gap (6) is reserved between the lower refractory lining (5) and the upper refractory lining (4). Compensating sleeve (7), one end of the compensating sleeve (7) is fitted on the outside of the upper refractory lining (4), and the other end of the compensating sleeve (7) is fitted on the outside of the lower refractory lining (5). The upper refractory lining (4) and the lower refractory lining (5) form a main combustion chamber. The upper refractory lining (4) and the lower refractory lining (5) can achieve axial thermal expansion freedom by reserving an expansion gap (6).

2. The waste treatment incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner side of the top end of the compensation sleeve (7) is provided with a first annular positioning groove (14), which is used to fit the upper refractory lining (4). The inner side of the bottom end of the compensation sleeve (7) is provided with a second annular positioning groove (15), which is used to fit the lower refractory lining (5).

3. The waste treatment incinerator according to claim 2, characterized in that, It also includes an adaptive scaling component (8); The compensation sleeve (7) includes two radially adaptive half sleeves (13) arranged opposite to each other, which are capable of wrapping around the expansion gap (6). One end of the adaptive telescopic component (8) is connected to the inner wall of the incinerator shell (1), and the other end of the adaptive telescopic component (8) is connected to the outer wall of the radial adaptive half sleeve (13).

4. The waste treatment incinerator according to claim 3, characterized in that, The adaptive telescopic assembly (8) includes a base sleeve (10), a telescopic shaft (12), and an elastic element (11); The base sleeve (10) is installed on the inner wall of the incinerator shell (1); One end of the telescopic shaft (12) is fitted inside the base sleeve (10), and the other end of the telescopic shaft (12) is connected to the outer wall of the radially adaptive half sleeve (13); One end of the elastic element (11) is connected to the bottom wall inside the base sleeve (10), and the other end of the elastic element (11) is connected to the telescopic shaft (12).

5. The waste treatment incinerator according to claim 4, characterized in that, It also includes a resilient sealing sheet (17); Both ends of the radially adaptive half sleeve (13) are provided with mounting slots (16), and the two ends of the two radially adaptive half sleeves (13) are respectively connected to the same elastic sealing sheet (17). One end of the elastic sealing sheet (17) is guided and fitted into the mounting slot (16) of one of the radially adaptive half sleeves (13), and the other end of the elastic sealing sheet (17) is guided and fitted into the mounting slot (16) of the other radially adaptive half sleeve (13).

6. The waste treatment incinerator according to claim 5, characterized in that, The inner wall of the incinerator shell (1) is provided with a heat insulation layer (9).

Images