Straw treatment device for edible mushroom cultivation

Abstract

The utility model discloses a straw treatment device for edible mushroom cultivation, and belongs to the technical field of straw treatment. The sorting and conveying mechanism is mounted in the crushing box and comprises two groups of symmetrically mounted conveying belt assemblies; directional blocks which are matched with each other are arranged on the conveying surfaces of the two groups of conveying belt assemblies; the driving mechanism comprises a driving motor and a transmission system; the cutting mechanism is arranged at the downstream of the sorting and conveying mechanism and comprises a fixed cutter and a rotary cutter assembly matched with the fixed cutter; and the directional block and the speed difference of the two groups of conveying belt assemblies have a synergistic effect, so that the straws enter the cutting mechanism after being adjusted to be in a state that the axial direction is consistent with the conveying direction in the conveying process. According to the straw treatment device for edible mushroom cultivation, the two conveying belt assemblies operate at different linear speeds, the speed difference is formed, straw can be automatically adjusted to be in the state that the axial direction is consistent with the conveying direction and then enters the cutting mechanism, and the uniformity of the length of the cut straw is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of straw treatment technology, and in particular relates to a straw treatment device for edible fungi cultivation. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of edible mushroom cultivation, straw is a widely used cultivation substrate material. Straw is rich in organic matter such as cellulose and hemicellulose, which can provide the necessary carbon source and nutrients for the growth of edible mushrooms. Chopping straw is a key pretreatment step that can significantly increase its contact area with other components in the cultivation substrate, promote the rapid growth and spread of mycelium, and enable the mycelium to absorb nutrients more fully. At the same time, it makes the small pieces of straw more evenly distributed in the cultivation substrate, forming a good aeration and water retention environment, creating more suitable conditions for the growth of edible mushrooms, and improving the yield and quality of edible mushrooms.

[0003] When existing straw cutting devices are fed, the straw material usually enters the cutting mechanism in a disordered state. Especially for softer varieties like rice straw, it is easy to form irregular clumps. Disordered feeding makes it difficult for the straw to maintain a stable posture and conveying speed during the cutting process. This directly leads to difficulty in accurately controlling the cutting length and poor uniformity of the cut straw length.

[0004] In edible mushroom cultivation, the uniformity of straw length has a significant impact on the cultivation effect. Unevenly long straw will form different pore structures in the substrate, resulting in uneven distribution of moisture, nutrients, and air, which in turn affects the growth rate of mycelium and the uniformity of fruiting. In addition, uneven straw length will increase the difficulty of subsequent substrate preparation, which is not conducive to achieving standardized and large-scale edible mushroom cultivation and production.

[0005] Therefore, we propose a straw treatment device for edible fungi cultivation. Utility Model Content

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to solve the problem in the prior art that disordered feeding results in poor uniformity of straw length after cutting, and to propose a straw processing device for edible fungi cultivation.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0008] A straw processing device for edible mushroom cultivation, comprising:

[0009] The waste bin is equipped with an inlet and an outlet.

[0010] The sorting and conveying mechanism is installed inside the crushing bin and includes two sets of symmetrically installed conveyor belt assemblies. The conveying surfaces of the two sets of conveyor belt assemblies are in contact with each other to form a straw conveying channel.

[0011] The conveyor surfaces of the two sets of conveyor belt assemblies are provided with mutually cooperating directional blocks;

[0012] A drive mechanism, including a drive motor and a transmission system, wherein the transmission system is configured to drive two sets of conveyor belt assemblies to run at different linear speeds;

[0013] The cutting mechanism, located downstream of the sorting and conveying mechanism, includes a fixed cutter and a rotating cutter assembly that cooperates with the fixed cutter;

[0014] The directional block works in conjunction with the speed difference between the two sets of conveyor belt assemblies to adjust the straw so that its axial direction is consistent with the conveying direction before it enters the cutting mechanism.

[0015] Preferably, the conveyor belt assembly includes two fixed rotating shafts and two movable rotating shafts, which are connected by a conveyor belt drive, wherein the portion of the conveyor belt located between the two movable rotating shafts serves as the conveying surface.

[0016] Preferably, the movable rotating shaft and the fixed rotating shaft are rotatably connected by a connecting rod, forming a parallelogram structure with a variable shape, and the installation position of the movable rotating shaft is lower than that of the fixed rotating shaft;

[0017] The shredder has an arc-shaped groove for the movement of the movable shafts, and two movable shafts in symmetrical positions are fitted with collars for external rotation, with springs fixedly connected between the collars.

[0018] Preferably, both the movable and fixed rotating shafts are provided with anti-slip teeth on their outer walls, and the inner wall of the conveyor belt is provided with anti-slip grooves that are compatible with the anti-slip teeth.

[0019] Preferably, a partition shell is installed inside the crushing bin. The upper part of the partition shell is semi-circular and has a cutting opening. The cutting opening corresponds to the output end of the conveying channel. The fixed cutter is installed on one side of the cutting opening. The rotating cutter assembly is rotatably mounted on the partition shell and coaxial with its upper part.

[0020] The rotary cutter assembly includes a rotatable mounting base and multiple movable cutters distributed circumferentially.

[0021] Preferably, the directional blocks on the conveying surfaces of the two sets of conveyor belt assemblies are staggered, so that the directional blocks are staggered on the two sets of conveyor belt assemblies to form continuous guide grooves, wherein the direction of the guide grooves is consistent with the conveying direction of the conveyor belt.

[0022] Preferably, the transmission system includes a transition shaft rotatably mounted on the crushing bin, the output shaft of the drive motor is fixedly connected to the mounting base shaft, and sprockets are mounted on the mounting base shaft, the transition shaft, and one of the fixed shafts. The three sprockets are connected by a chain drive, and a large gear and a small gear meshing with each other are mounted on the transition shaft and the other fixed shaft, respectively.

[0023] Preferably, an inclined plate is installed at the bottom of the separator shell, and the lower end of the inclined plate corresponds to the discharge port.

[0024] In summary, the technical effects and advantages of this utility model are as follows: This device, by setting up a sorting and conveying mechanism, utilizes two sets of symmetrically installed conveyor belt assemblies with their conveying surfaces in close contact, and sets mutually cooperating directional blocks on the conveying surfaces. Simultaneously, a driving mechanism is used to make the two sets of conveyor belt assemblies run at different linear speeds, creating a speed difference. This allows the straw, under the guidance of the directional blocks and the friction generated by the speed difference, to automatically adjust its axial direction to be consistent with the conveying direction before entering the cutting mechanism. Compared with the problems of uncontrolled cutting length and poor uniformity caused by disordered straw feeding in existing technologies, this device ensures that the straw enters the cutting mechanism in a uniform posture, thus greatly improving the uniformity of the straw length after cutting. In edible mushroom cultivation, straw of uniform length is conducive to forming a uniform cultivation material structure, making the distribution of water, nutrients, and air in the cultivation material more even, providing a stable environment for the growth of edible mushroom mycelium, thereby promoting rapid and uniform mycelial growth, improving the uniformity of mushroom production and the yield of edible mushrooms, and optimizing the cultivation effect of edible mushrooms.

[0025] The conveyor belt assembly adopts a parallelogram structure with a fixed shaft and a movable shaft connected by a connecting rod. This allows the conveyor belt assembly to automatically adjust the position of the movable shaft according to the straw conveying situation during operation, ensuring smooth conveying. At the same time, the movable shaft and the fixed shaft cooperate with anti-slip teeth and anti-slip grooves to enhance the friction between the shaft and the conveyor belt, prevent the conveyor belt from slipping, and improve the stability of conveying.

[0026] In the cutting mechanism, the upper part of the separator shell is semi-circular and has a feed inlet corresponding to the output end of the conveying channel. A fixed cutter is installed on one side of the cutting inlet, and a rotating cutter assembly is rotatably mounted on the separator shell and coaxial with its upper part. This allows the straw to enter the cutting area accurately and smoothly. During rotation, the movable cutter works in conjunction with the fixed cutter to quickly and efficiently cut the straw. The multiple movable cutters increase the number of cuts per unit time, improving cutting efficiency. Simultaneously, because the straw has already been aligned axially with the conveying direction by the sorting and conveying mechanism before entering the cutting mechanism, the cutting process is smoother, the cutting effect is better, and the jamming and residue of straw during the cutting process are reduced. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present utility model. Figure 1 ;

[0028] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present utility model. Figure 2 ;

[0029] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the sorting and conveying mechanism in this utility model;

[0031] Figure 5 This is a top view of the structure of this utility model;

[0032] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the rotating cutter assembly in this utility model;

[0033] Figure 7 for Figure 3 A magnified structural diagram of part A in the middle;

[0034] Figure 8 for Figure 2 A magnified structural diagram of part B.

[0035] In the diagram: 1. Crusher; 11. Feed inlet; 12. Discharge outlet; 2. Sorting and conveying mechanism; 21. Conveyor belt assembly; 22. Orienting block; 211. Fixed rotating shaft; 212. Movable rotating shaft; 213. Conveyor belt; 214. Collar; 215. Spring; 216. Connecting rod; 3. Cutting mechanism; 31. Fixed cutter; 32. Rotating cutter assembly; 321. Mounting base; 322. Movable cutter; 33. Separator shell; 331. Cutting port; 332. Inclined plate; 4. Drive mechanism; 41. Drive motor; 42. Transmission system; 421. Transition shaft; 422. Sprocket; 423. Chain; 424. Large gear; 425. Small gear. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The technical solution of this utility model will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0037] Reference Figure 1-5A straw processing device for edible fungi cultivation includes a crushing bin 1, a sorting and conveying mechanism 2, a driving mechanism 4, and a cutting mechanism 3. The crushing bin 1 is provided with an inlet 11 and an outlet 12 (the inlet 11 is located at the top of the crushing bin 1, and the outlet 12 is located at the bottom of the crushing bin 1). The crushing bin 1 provides the installation foundation and storage space for the entire device. The sorting and conveying mechanism 2 is responsible for orderly conveying the straw to the cutting mechanism 3. The driving mechanism 4 provides power to the sorting and conveying mechanism 2 and the cutting mechanism 3. The cutting mechanism 3 cuts the straw, and the cut straw is discharged through the outlet 12 of the crushing bin 1.

[0038] The sorting and conveying mechanism 2 is installed inside the crushing bin 1 and includes two sets of symmetrically installed conveyor belt assemblies 21. The conveying surfaces of the two sets of conveyor belt assemblies 21 are in contact with each other to form a straw conveying channel. The two sets of conveyor belt assemblies 21 rotate in opposite directions, thereby realizing the same-direction conveying of the straw that is jointly clamped. After the straw is fed, it is clamped by the two sets of conveyor belt assemblies 21. Under the drive of the conveyor belt assemblies 21, the straw is forced to move.

[0039] The conveyor belt assembly 21 includes two fixed rotating shafts 211 and two movable rotating shafts 212. The fixed rotating shafts 211 and the movable rotating shafts 212 are connected by a conveyor belt 213. When the drive mechanism 4 drives the fixed rotating shafts 211 to rotate, it can drive all the fixed rotating shafts 211 and the movable rotating shafts 212 to rotate under the transmission action of the conveyor belt 213. The part of the conveyor belt 213 located between the two movable rotating shafts 212 serves as the conveying surface, realizing the clamping and conveying of straw.

[0040] Two sets of conveyor belt assemblies 21 are provided with mutually cooperating directional blocks 22 on their conveying surfaces. The directional blocks 22 are made of hard plastic and have a certain degree of elasticity and wear resistance. The drive mechanism 4 includes a drive motor 41 and a transmission system 42. The transmission system 42 is configured to drive the two sets of conveyor belt assemblies 21 to run at different linear speeds. The directional blocks 22 and the speed difference between the two sets of conveyor belt assemblies 21 work together to adjust the straw to a state where the axial direction is consistent with the conveying direction before entering the cutting mechanism 3. When the straw enters the cutting mechanism 3 in a consistent state, the uniformity of the straw length after cutting is improved. In edible fungus cultivation, straw of uniform length is conducive to forming a uniform cultivation material structure, making the distribution of water, nutrients and air in the cultivation material more uniform, providing a stable environment for the growth of edible fungus mycelium, thereby promoting the rapid and uniform growth of mycelium, improving the uniformity of fruiting and the yield of edible fungi, and optimizing the edible fungus cultivation effect.

[0041] Reference Figure 2-5The directional blocks 22 on the conveying surfaces of the two sets of conveyor belt assemblies 21 are staggered, forming continuous guide grooves. The direction of the guide grooves is consistent with the conveying direction of the conveyor belts 213. When disordered straw enters the conveying channel, the guide grooves can guide the straw. Their irregular shape will interact with the guide grooves. The directional blocks 22 will restrict the lateral movement of the straw. The moving speed of the directional blocks 22 on the conveyor belts 213 with different conveying speeds is also different. The relative speed difference of the directional blocks 22 on the two conveyor belts 213 causes the faster directional block 22 to move in the slower guide groove, so that the straw gradually adjusts to a state where the axial direction is consistent with the conveying direction during the conveying process. Under the guidance, the straw automatically adjusts its posture and finally achieves vertical downward conveying.

[0042] The movable shaft 212 and the fixed shaft 211 are rotatably connected by a connecting rod 216, forming a parallelogram structure with a variable shape. The movable shaft 212 is installed lower than the fixed shaft 211. Thus, because the movable shafts 212 are close to each other and located at a low position, the feeding part above the conveyor belt 213 will form an upward-opening funnel shape, which helps to better guide the straw into the space between the two conveyor belts 213 during the conveying process.

[0043] The crushing bin 1 has an arc-shaped groove for the movement of the movable rotating shaft 212. The arc-shaped groove is centered on the axis of the fixed rotating shaft 211 at a similar position above, and the distance between the axes of the fixed rotating shaft 211 and the movable rotating shaft 212 is the radius. This ensures that the parallelogram structure can deform and move normally. The two movable rotating shafts 212, which are in symmetrical positions, are fitted with collars 214 through the outer rotation. Springs 215 are fixedly connected between the collars 214. Under normal conditions, the springs 215 provide tension to keep the distance between the two conveyor belts 213 at a minimum. The collars 214 are used to cooperate with the rotation of the movable rotating shaft 212. When the size and thickness of the straw changes, the collars can adaptively adjust the position of the movable rotating shaft 212 to ensure that the conveying surfaces of the two conveyor belts 213 remain parallel. The position of the movable rotating shaft 212 is automatically adjusted according to the conveying conditions of the straw to ensure the smoothness of the conveying process.

[0044] Reference Figure 3-8 The cutting mechanism 3 is located downstream of the sorting and conveying mechanism 2, and includes a fixed cutter 31 and a rotating cutter assembly 32 that cooperates with the fixed cutter 31. The straw that has been sorted and conveyed in a directional manner arrives at the cutting mechanism 3 for cutting.

[0045] The shredder 1 is equipped with a partition shell 33. The upper part of the partition shell 33 is semi-circular and has a cutting opening 331. The cutting opening 331 corresponds to the output end of the conveying channel, so that the straw can enter the cutting area accurately and smoothly. The fixed cutter 31 is installed on one side of the cutting opening 331. The rotating cutter assembly 32 is rotatably set on the partition shell 33 and coaxial with its upper part. The rotating cutter assembly 32 includes a rotatable mounting base 321 and multiple movable cutters 322 distributed circumferentially. During rotation, the movable cutters 322 cooperate with the fixed cutter 31 to cut the straw quickly and efficiently. The blades of the movable cutter 322 and the fixed cutter 31 have a shearing angle. When cutting the straw, the cutting force is used instead of the impact cutting in a parallel state, which improves the cutting effect, makes the cutting process smoother, and reduces the jamming and residue of straw during the cutting process.

[0046] The addition of multiple movable cutters 322 increases the number of cuts per unit time (assuming the movable cutters 322 are installed at equal intervals). Therefore, the number of movable cutters 322 is inversely proportional to the straw cutting length. The more movable cutters 322 are installed, the more cuts are made and the shorter the cutting length is when the straw conveying speed remains constant. This property can be used to control the straw cutting length.

[0047] Both the movable shaft 212 and the fixed shaft 211 are provided with anti-slip teeth on their outer walls, and the conveyor belt 213 is provided with anti-slip grooves that are compatible with the anti-slip teeth on its inner wall. The anti-slip teeth and anti-slip grooves work together to enhance the friction between the movable shaft 212 and the fixed shaft 211 and the conveyor belt 213, prevent the conveyor belt 213 from slipping, and improve the stability of the conveying.

[0048] Reference Figure 3-8 The transmission system 42 includes a transition shaft 421 rotatably mounted on the crushing bin 1. The output shaft of the drive motor 41 is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft of the mounting base 321. Sprockets 422 are mounted on the rotating shaft of the mounting base 321, the transition shaft 421, and one of the fixed rotating shafts 211. The three sprockets 422 are connected by a chain 423. When the drive motor 41 is running, the chain 423 simultaneously drives the rotating shaft of the mounting base 321, the transition shaft 421, and the fixed rotating shaft 211 on which the sprockets 422 are mounted. The large gear 424 and the small gear 425 are respectively installed on the transition shaft 421 and another fixed rotating shaft 211, which mesh with each other (the large gear 424 is installed on the transition shaft 421, and the small gear 425 is installed on the other fixed rotating shaft 211). The large gear 424 is driven to rotate through the transition shaft 421, and the large gear 424 and the small gear 425 cooperate to drive the other fixed rotating shaft 211 to rotate. Under the action of the large gear 424 and the small gear 425, the direction of rotation is reversed and the speed is changed.

[0049] A sloping plate 332 is installed at the bottom of the separator shell 33. The lower end of the sloping plate 332 corresponds to the discharge port 12. The cut straw falls onto the sloping plate 332. Under the action of gravity and the guiding action of the sloping plate 332, the cut straw is discharged from the discharge port 12.

[0050] The working process of this utility model is as follows:

[0051] In actual operation, the operator feeds the straw to be processed into the device through the feed inlet 11 of the crushing bin 1. The straw enters the conveying channel of the sorting and conveying mechanism 2. On the conveying surface of the two sets of conveyor belt assemblies 21, the directional block 22 works in conjunction with the speed difference between the two sets of conveyor belt assemblies 21 to gradually adjust the straw to a state where the axial direction is consistent with the conveying direction during the conveying process. At the same time, the drive mechanism 4 provides power to the rotating cutter assembly 32 of the cutting mechanism 3, causing it to rotate. When the straw is conveyed to the cutting port 331 of the cutting mechanism 3, the movable cutter 322 on the rotating cutter assembly 32 cooperates with the fixed cutter 31 to cut the straw. The cut straw falls onto the inclined plate 332 at the bottom of the separator shell 33 and slides down the inclined plate 332 under the action of gravity to the discharge port 12 of the crushing bin 1, and is discharged out of the device, completing the entire straw processing process.

Claims

1. A straw processing device for edible mushroom cultivation, characterized in that, The system includes a crushing bin (1), which has an inlet (11) and an outlet (12). A sorting and conveying mechanism (2) is installed inside the crushing bin (1). The sorting and conveying mechanism (2) includes two symmetrically installed conveyor belt assemblies (21). The conveying surfaces of the two conveyor belt assemblies (21) are in contact with each other to form a straw conveying channel. The conveying surfaces of the two conveyor belt assemblies (21) are provided with mutually cooperating directional blocks (22). The crushing bin (1) is also equipped with a drive mechanism (4), which includes a drive motor (41). The sorting and conveying mechanism (2) is equipped with a transmission system (42), which is configured to drive two sets of conveyor belt assemblies (21) to run at different linear speeds. Downstream of the sorting and conveying mechanism (2) is a cutting mechanism (3), which includes a fixed cutter (31) and a rotating cutter assembly (32) that cooperates with the fixed cutter (31). The directional block (22) works in conjunction with the speed difference of the two sets of conveyor belt assemblies (21) to adjust the straw to a state where the axial direction is consistent with the conveying direction before entering the cutting mechanism (3) during the conveying process.

2. The straw processing device for edible fungi cultivation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The conveyor belt assembly (21) includes two fixed rotating shafts (211) and two movable rotating shafts (212). The fixed rotating shafts (211) and the movable rotating shafts (212) are connected by a conveyor belt (213). The portion of the conveyor belt (213) located between the two movable rotating shafts (212) serves as the conveying surface.

3. The straw processing device for edible fungi cultivation according to claim 2, characterized in that, The movable shaft (212) and the fixed shaft (211) are rotatably connected by a connecting rod (216) to form a parallelogram structure with a variable shape. The movable shaft (212) is installed at a position lower than the fixed shaft (211). The crushing box (1) is provided with an arc-shaped groove for the movable shaft (212) to move. The two movable shafts (212) in symmetrical positions are fitted with collars (214) and springs (215) are fixedly connected between the collars (214).

4. The straw processing device for edible fungi cultivation according to claim 2, characterized in that, The outer walls of both the movable shaft (212) and the fixed shaft (211) are provided with anti-slip teeth, and the inner wall of the conveyor belt (213) is provided with anti-slip grooves that are compatible with the anti-slip teeth.

5. The straw processing device for edible fungi cultivation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The shredder (1) is equipped with a partition shell (33). The upper part of the partition shell (33) is semi-circular and has a cutting port (331). The cutting port (331) corresponds to the output end of the conveying channel. The fixed cutter (31) is installed on one side of the cutting port (331). The rotating cutter assembly (32) is rotatably mounted on the partition shell (33) and coaxial with its upper part. The rotating cutter assembly (32) includes a rotatable mounting base (321) and multiple movable cutters (322) distributed along the circumference.

6. The straw treatment device for edible fungi cultivation according to claim 2, characterized in that, The directional blocks (22) on the conveying surfaces of the two sets of conveyor belt assemblies (21) are staggered, so that the directional blocks (22) are staggered on the two sets of conveyor belt assemblies (21) to form continuous guide grooves, and the direction of the guide grooves is consistent with the conveying direction of the conveyor belt (213).

7. The straw processing device for edible fungi cultivation according to claim 2, characterized in that, The transmission system (42) includes a transition shaft (421) rotatably mounted on the crushing bin (1). The output shaft of the drive motor (41) is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft of the mounting base (321). A sprocket (422) is mounted on the rotating shaft of the mounting base (321), the transition shaft (421), and one of the fixed rotating shafts (211). The three sprockets (422) are connected by a chain (423). A large gear (424) and a small gear (425) mesh with each other are mounted on the transition shaft (421) and the other fixed rotating shaft (211).

8. The straw treatment device for edible fungi cultivation according to claim 5, characterized in that, The bottom of the partition shell (33) is equipped with an inclined plate (332), and the lower end of the inclined plate (332) corresponds to the discharge port (12).

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