Automatic trash transporting system for water intake of small and medium-sized hydropower station

Abstract

This utility model belongs to the field of hydropower station construction technology, specifically relating to an automatic wastewater removal and transportation system for the intake of small and medium-sized hydropower stations. It includes: a trash rack installed in front of the hydropower station intake to intercept wastewater in the water flow; a wastewater removal device installed at the top of the intake to clean up wastewater accumulated in front of the trash rack; a wastewater discharge channel installed downstream of the dam for transporting wastewater; and a hydraulic conveying device connected to the wastewater discharge channel to provide water flow power to flush the wastewater entering the discharge channel to the downstream river channel. The wastewater removal device transfers the cleaned wastewater to the starting end of the wastewater discharge channel, and the water flow provided by the hydraulic conveying device transports the wastewater along the discharge channel to the downstream river channel, achieving automatic wastewater removal. This system effectively overcomes the limitations of limited traffic space on the dam crest, large amounts of wastewater during flood season, and extreme weather conditions, significantly reducing manual labor and significantly improving wastewater removal efficiency and wastewater transfer capacity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of hydropower station construction technology, specifically relating to an automatic cleaning and transportation system for the intake of small and medium-sized hydropower stations. Background Technology

[0002] The intake of a hydropower station is usually located upstream of the dam or on one side of the dam body. It is generally equipped with a trash rack at its front end to intercept various floating debris such as tree branches, plastic products, and rags carried by the water flow, preventing them from entering the water diversion tunnel and damaging the turbines or affecting power generation efficiency. However, as debris accumulates in front of the trash rack, it reduces the flow cross-section, obstructs the water flow, and consequently affects the flow rate used for power generation, even leading to a decrease in turbine efficiency or forced shutdown.

[0003] Currently, the main methods for cleaning debris in front of trash racks include manual cleaning and mechanical cleaning. Manual cleaning is inefficient, labor-intensive, and unsafe, especially during the flood season when debris volumes are high and cleaning tasks are urgent, making it difficult to meet the need for timely removal. Mechanical cleaning typically uses grab buckets or rotary cleaning machines to scoop up the debris and pile it on the top platform of the inlet, then transport it by dump trucks or manually. However, this method still has the following problems: 1. The transfer process relies on manual labor or vehicles and is greatly limited by the space on the dam crest and traffic conditions. If the space is narrow or the road is impassable, it is difficult to transport the waste out in a timely manner. 2. Under severe weather conditions (such as heavy rain, strong winds, etc.), cleaning operations are difficult to carry out, and waste easily accumulates in front of the trash rack, seriously affecting power generation; 3. The lack of seamless automated connection between wastewater removal and transportation results in low overall efficiency, especially in small and medium-sized hydropower stations where the problem is more prominent due to equipment and site limitations. 4. Existing mechanical cleaning equipment focuses mainly on the "lifting" stage and lacks systematic integration of the "transportation" stage, resulting in interruptions in the cleaning process and untimely disposal of waste.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for an integrated system that can automatically clean and continuously transport waste at the water intake to improve cleaning efficiency, reduce manual intervention, adapt to complex working conditions, and ensure the continuity and stability of hydropower station power generation. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide an automatic cleaning and transportation system for the intake of small and medium-sized hydropower stations to solve the problems existing in the background technology.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution: an automatic wastewater removal and transportation system for the intake of small and medium-sized hydropower stations, comprising: Trash grates are installed in front of the water intake of hydropower stations to intercept pollutants in the water flow. A cleaning device is installed at the top of the water inlet to clean up the dirt accumulated in front of the trash rack; Sewage discharge channels are set up downstream of the dam to transport sewage. A hydraulic conveying device, connected to the sewage discharge trough, is used to provide water flow power to flush the sewage entering the sewage discharge trough to the downstream river channel; The cleaning device transfers the cleaned waste to the beginning of the sewage discharge channel, and the waste is transported to the downstream river channel by the water flow provided by the hydraulic conveying device, thereby realizing the automatic removal of waste.

[0007] Preferably, both the cleaning device and the hydraulic conveying device can be remotely controlled automatically or manually by the control system.

[0008] The cleaning device includes a gantry crane and a mobile bar screen cleaner installed on it. The mobile bar screen cleaner is equipped with a grab bucket. The top of the inlet has a hole for the grab bucket to pass through. Under the operation of the control system, the grab bucket can grab the dirt in front of the bar screen and throw it into the starting end of the discharge trough.

[0009] Preferably, both the cleaning device and the hydraulic conveying device can be remotely controlled automatically or manually by the control system.

[0010] The hydraulic conveying device includes a sewage pump house and a submersible sewage pump installed therein; The sewage pumping station is located near the water inlet, and a water intake hole is opened on its side wall facing the upstream of the reservoir. The water intake hole is located below the normal water level of the reservoir. The water intake hole is connected to a water inlet pool to ensure that the submersible sewage pump has sufficient submersion depth. The outlet of the submersible sewage pump is connected to the starting end of the sewage trough via an outlet pipe, which is used to pump reservoir water into the sewage trough to form a water flow.

[0011] Preferably, both the cleaning device and the hydraulic conveying device can be remotely controlled automatically or manually by the control system.

[0012] A debris-blocking grate covers the water intake hole.

[0013] Preferably, both the cleaning device and the hydraulic conveying device can be remotely controlled automatically or manually by the control system.

[0014] The inlet pool is also equipped with a high-pressure water gun for flushing out the sludge and dirt deposited in the pool. Preferably, both the cleaning device and the hydraulic conveying device can be remotely controlled automatically or manually by the control system.

[0015] The inlet pool is also equipped with a steel ladder for maintenance.

[0016] Preferably, both the cleaning device and the hydraulic conveying device can be remotely controlled automatically or manually by the control system.

[0017] The sewage discharge channel is a fixed structure with a narrow and deep trapezoidal cross-section, extending along the downstream side of the dam until it connects to the downstream riverbed.

[0018] Preferably, both the cleaning device and the hydraulic conveying device can be remotely controlled automatically or manually by the control system.

[0019] The initial section of the sewage discharge channel is a horizontal section, used to receive the sewage discharged by the cleaning device; the longitudinal bottom slope of the subsequent sections is consistent with the downstream slope ratio of the dam section.

[0020] Preferably, both the cleaning device and the hydraulic conveying device can be remotely controlled automatically or manually by the control system.

[0021] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This system realizes the full mechanization and automation of the process from interception and grabbing to transportation and discharge of pollutants at the intake of hydropower stations. Compared with traditional manual cleaning or reliance on dump trucks for transportation, it effectively overcomes the limitations of limited traffic space on the dam crest, large amounts of pollutants during the flood season, and extreme weather conditions. It significantly reduces manual labor input, significantly improves cleaning efficiency and pollutant transportation capacity, avoids the problems of water flow section encroachment and reduced flow velocity caused by pollutant accumulation on the dam crest, and ensures stable power generation flow.

[0022] Meanwhile, the system can remotely control the operation of the trash rack grab bucket and the start / stop of the submersible sewage pump, eliminating the need for on-site personnel and further reducing operational safety risks in harsh environments. By driving waste directly to the downstream river channel via water flow, it completely solves the problem of trash rack blockage caused by untimely waste transfer in traditional methods, effectively preventing temporary generator shutdowns due to waste accumulation, minimizing power generation losses, and improving the overall efficiency, reliability, and economy of the hydropower station. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a plan view showing the relative relationship between the inlet sewage pump room and the sewage trough in this utility model; Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the water inlet and sewage pump station layout in this utility model; Figure 3 Detailed drawings of the sewage pump station and sewage tank in this utility model; Figure 4 This is a detailed drawing of the sewage pump station and sewage trough in this utility model; Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the sewage trough arrangement in this utility model; In the diagram: ① Trash rack; ② Mobile bar screen cleaner; ③ Grab bucket; ④ Sewage pump room; ⑤ Water intake hole; ⑥ Inlet pool; ⑦ Submersible sewage pump; ⑧ Sewage trough; ⑨ Gantry hoist or gantry concrete frame; ⑩ Water outlet pipe; ⑪ Steel ladder; ⑫ High-pressure water gun. Detailed Implementation

[0024] In the description of this disclosure, it should be understood that the terms “center,” “upper,” “lower,” “front,” “rear,” “left,” “right,” “vertical,” “horizontal,” “top,” “bottom,” “inner,” and “outer,” etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this disclosure and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this disclosure.

[0025] The terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this disclosure, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0026] In the description of this disclosure, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a communication connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this disclosure according to the specific circumstances.

[0027] The specific embodiments of this utility model are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments.

[0028] See appendix Figures 1 to 5 An automatic trash removal and transportation system for the intake of a small to medium-sized hydropower station. The system mainly includes a trash rack ①, a trash removal device, a sewage pumping station ④, a hydraulic conveying device, and a sewage discharge trough ⑧.

[0029] The hydropower station's intake is located adjacent to the right bank section of the dam. Two tunnels connect to the intake, and the system's intake is divided into four intakes by three gate piers. Behind each intake is a set of inclined trash racks ①, with an angle of 80 degrees to the horizontal plane, used to efficiently intercept floating debris in the upstream water. A portal-type concrete frame ⑨ is poured on top of the intake, and a mobile trash rack cleaning machine ② is installed on this frame, moving freely along tracks, its position corresponding to the four trash racks ①. The cleaning machine's grab bucket ③ can descend through pre-drilled holes in the top plate of the intake to the front of the trash racks ①, and under the operation of a remote control system, grabs accumulated debris such as branches and plastic in front of the racks.

[0030] The sewage pumping stations ④ are arranged in a straight line to the left of the inlet, located between the inlet and the non-overflow section of the left bank of the dam. A water intake hole ⑤ is located on the lower part of the side wall facing the upstream reservoir of the sewage pumping station ④. The center elevation of the hole is below the normal water level of the reservoir to ensure water intake at any time. A steel grate covers the front of the water intake hole ⑤ to prevent large floating objects from entering. A water intake pool ⑥ is connected to the rear of the water intake hole ⑤. The design depth of the water intake pool ⑥ ensures sufficient submersion depth for the three submersible sewage pumps ⑦ installed within, meeting their normal operating conditions. Each submersible sewage pump ⑦ has an outlet pipe ⑩ connected to its outlet, extending above the starting end of the sewage discharge trough ⑧ behind it. A steel ladder ⑪ is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the water intake pool ⑥ to facilitate equipment installation and maintenance. In addition, a high-pressure water gun is installed in the pool to regularly flush away any sediment and silt that may accumulate at the bottom of the pool, keeping the pool clean.

[0031] The sewage discharge channel ⑧ is a reinforced concrete structure, built adjacent to the sewage pump station ④ and extending along the downstream face of the non-overflow section of the left bank, eventually connecting to the downstream riverbed. The cross-section of the sewage discharge channel ⑧ is designed as a narrow, deep trapezoidal section; in this embodiment, the bottom width is 1.0 meter, the top width is 1.6 meters, and the depth is 1.9 meters. This structure facilitates water flow collection and improves scouring capacity. The initial section of the sewage discharge channel ⑩ is a horizontal section used to receive wastewater discharged from the grab bucket ③ of the cleaning machine. The longitudinal bottom slope of its subsequent sections maintains the same slope ratio as the downstream face of the dam section; in this embodiment, the slope ratio i is 1:0.7, relying on gravity-assisted water flow to transport wastewater.

[0032] The system's workflow is as follows: The operator controls the mobile bar screen cleaner ② remotely from the duty room or central control room. The cleaner ② moves above the target bar screen ①, the grab bucket ③ descends and grabs the debris in front of the screen, lifts it up and moves it above the starting end of the discharge trough ⑧, and opens the grab bucket to throw the debris into the trough.

[0033] Subsequently, the control system activates one or more submersible sewage pumps ⑦ in the sewage pumping station ④ (the number of pumps activated depends on the amount of sewage). The pumps draw clean water from the reservoir and pump a strong flow of water into the beginning of the sewage trough ⑧ through the outlet pipe ⑩. The water flow generates sufficient velocity and kinetic energy within the narrow and deep trough to push and flush the sewage, causing it to drift downstream along the bottom slope of the sewage trough ⑧ and finally be discharged into the downstream river, completing the entire process of automatic sewage cleaning and transportation.

[0034] It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of this utility model, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of this utility model.

Claims

1. A small and medium-sized water intake automatic pollution cleaning and transportation system, characterized in that, include: Trash grates (①) are installed in front of the water intake of a hydropower station to intercept contaminants in the water flow; A cleaning device is installed at the top of the water inlet to clean up the dirt accumulated in front of the trash rack (①); Sewage discharge channel (⑧) is set up on the downstream side of the dam to transport sewage; A hydraulic conveying device is connected to the sewage trough (⑧) and is used to provide water flow power to flush the sewage entering the sewage trough (⑧) to the downstream river channel; The cleaning device transfers the cleaned waste to the starting end of the sewage discharge trough (⑧), and the waste is transported to the downstream river channel by the water flow provided by the hydraulic conveying device, thereby realizing the automatic removal of waste.

2. The automatic trash transporting system for the water inlet of a small and medium-sized hydropower station according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cleaning device includes a gantry crane (⑨) and a mobile bar screen cleaner (②) installed thereon. The mobile bar screen cleaner (②) is equipped with a grab bucket (③). The top of the inlet is provided with a hole for the grab bucket (③) to pass through. The grab bucket (③) can grab the dirt in front of the bar screen (①) and throw it into the starting end of the sewage discharge trough (⑧) under the operation of the control system.

3. The automatic trash transporting system for the water inlet of a small and medium-sized hydropower station according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hydraulic conveying device includes a sewage pump house (④) and a submersible sewage pump (⑦) installed therein; The sewage pumping station (④) is located near the water inlet, and a water intake hole (⑤) is provided on its side wall facing the upstream of the reservoir. The water intake hole (⑤) is located below the normal water level of the reservoir. The water intake hole (⑤) is connected to a water inlet pool (⑥) to ensure that the submersible sewage pump (⑦) has sufficient submersion depth; The outlet of the submersible sewage pump (⑦) is connected to the starting end of the sewage trough (⑧) through the outlet pipe (⑩) to pump the reservoir water into the sewage trough (⑧) to form a water flow.

4. The automatic trash transporting system for the water inlet of a small and medium-sized hydropower station according to claim 3, characterized in that, A debris-blocking grate covers the front of the water intake hole (⑤).

5. The automatic trash transporting system for the water inlet of a small and medium-sized hydropower station according to claim 3, characterized in that, The inlet pool (⑥) is also equipped with a high-pressure water gun (⑫) for flushing the sludge and dirt deposited in the pool.

6. The automatic trash transporting system for the water inlet of a small and medium-sized hydropower station according to claim 3, characterized in that, The inlet pool (⑥) is also equipped with a steel ladder (⑪) for maintenance.

7. The automatic wastewater removal and transportation system for the intake of a small to medium-sized hydropower station according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sewage ditch (⑧) is a fixed structure with a narrow and deep trapezoidal cross section, which extends along the downstream side of the dam until it connects to the downstream riverbed.

8. The automatic wastewater removal and transportation system for the intake of a small to medium-sized hydropower station according to claim 7, characterized in that, The initial section of the sewage trough (⑧) is a horizontal section, used to receive the sewage discharged by the cleaning device; the longitudinal bottom slope of the subsequent sections is consistent with the downstream slope ratio of the dam section.

9. An automatic wastewater removal and transportation system for the intake of a small to medium-sized hydropower station according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, Both the cleaning device and the hydraulic conveying device can be remotely controlled automatically or manually by the control system.

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