Reverse polarity protection circuit and vehicle

Abstract

This disclosure provides a reverse polarity protection circuit and a vehicle. The reverse polarity protection circuit according to this disclosure may include a first electronic switch, which includes a first terminal, a second terminal, and a control terminal, and is configured to turn on or off a power supply and a load; a second electronic switch, which includes a first terminal, a second terminal, and a control terminal, wherein the first terminal of the second electronic switch is connected to the control terminal of the first electronic switch, and the second terminal of the second electronic switch is connected to the first terminal of the first electronic switch; a voltage regulator module, which includes a first terminal and a second terminal, wherein the first terminal of the voltage regulator module is connected to the control terminal of the second electronic switch, and the second terminal of the voltage regulator module is grounded; the voltage regulator module is configured to apply a positive voltage to the control terminal of the second electronic switch, and wherein, in response to the input voltage of the power supply being lower than a voltage threshold, the second electronic switch is turned on and the first electronic switch is turned off.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to a reverse polarity protection circuit and a vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] Reverse polarity protection circuits are used to prevent damage to equipment caused by reversing the positive and negative terminals of a power supply or battery. Reverse polarity protection circuits are particularly important in front-end power supply system design, automotive electronic systems, and other applications requiring DC voltage power.

[0003] For example, many circuit systems require a DC voltage with the correct polarity to operate properly. If the voltage polarity is reversed or if a sudden reversal occurs due to voltage fluctuations (e.g., a reverse polarity pulse), it can potentially damage internal circuit components, as many components cannot withstand reverse voltage or excessive reverse voltage. For instance, a reverse-connected power supply can damage connected subsystems, circuits, and components, including microcontrollers (MCUs), DC / DC converters, or other circuits' electrostatic discharge (ESD) diodes. Therefore, the design of reverse polarity protection circuits is a crucial aspect of circuit protection. However, existing reverse polarity protection circuits typically only cut off the reverse polarity voltage after it has reached a certain value. In this case, some circuit components sensitive to reverse polarity voltage may already be damaged.

[0004] Therefore, a reverse polarity protection circuit that can quickly cut off reverse polarity voltage is desired.

[0005] Inrush currents typically occur in devices with magnetic cores, such as transformers. Many factors can generate inrush currents. For example, when a large capacitor is added to the power input for filtering, due to the capacitor's charging effect, the capacitor maintains its initial value of 0 at the moment of power-on, effectively creating a short circuit. The entire input voltage is applied to the line with very low impedance, thus generating an inrush current. The main function of an inrush current suppression circuit is to suppress the large current on the output capacitor at the moment of power-on, preventing damage to circuit components or triggering of circuit breakers due to inrush current. The magnitude of the inrush current can be limited by connecting a resistor in series at the power input. While this method is simple, it increases the circuit's power consumption and temperature rise, leading to adverse effects.

[0006] Therefore, a surge current suppression circuit that can suppress surge current without generating a large temperature rise is desired. Utility Model Content

[0007] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, a reverse polarity protection circuit is provided, characterized in that it includes: a first electronic switch, the first electronic switch including a first terminal, a second terminal and a control terminal, the first electronic switch being configured to turn on or off a power supply and a load; a second electronic switch, the second electronic switch including a first terminal, a second terminal and a control terminal, wherein the first terminal of the second electronic switch is connected to the control terminal of the first electronic switch, the second terminal of the second electronic switch is connected to the first terminal of the first electronic switch; a voltage regulator module, the voltage regulator module including a first terminal and a second terminal, the first terminal of the voltage regulator module being connected to the control terminal of the second electronic switch, the second terminal of the voltage regulator module being grounded, the voltage regulator module being configured to apply a positive voltage to the control terminal of the second electronic switch, and wherein, in response to the input voltage of the power supply being lower than a voltage threshold, the second electronic switch is turned on and the first electronic switch is turned off.

[0008] For example, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the reverse polarity protection circuit is characterized in that the first electronic switch includes an NMOS transistor, the first terminal, the second terminal, and the control terminal of the first electronic switch corresponding to the source, drain, and gate of the NMOS transistor; the second electronic switch includes an NPN transistor, the first terminal, the second terminal, and the control terminal of the second electronic switch corresponding to the collector, emitter, and base of the NPN transistor.

[0009] For example, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the reverse polarity protection circuit is characterized in that the voltage regulator module further includes: a first Zener diode, the cathode of the first Zener diode being connected to a first terminal of the voltage regulator module, and the anode of the first Zener diode being connected to a second terminal of the voltage regulator module.

[0010] For example, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the reverse polarity protection circuit is characterized in that the voltage regulator module further includes: a third terminal, wherein the third terminal of the voltage regulator module is connected to the second terminal of the first electronic switch; and a first capacitor, the first capacitor being connected in parallel with the first Zener diode, the first capacitor being configured to receive and store charge from the second terminal of the first electronic switch and maintain voltage stability when the first electronic switch is turned on.

[0011] For example, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the reverse polarity protection circuit is characterized in that the voltage regulator module includes: a first diode, wherein the cathode of the first voltage regulator diode is connected to a third terminal of the voltage regulator module through the first diode, and wherein the cathode of the first diode is connected to the cathode of the first voltage regulator diode, and the anode of the first diode is connected to the third terminal of the voltage regulator module.

[0012] For example, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the reverse polarity protection circuit is characterized in that the voltage regulator module includes: a first resistor, wherein the cathode of the first Zener diode is connected to a first terminal of the voltage regulator module through the first resistor; and a second resistor, wherein the cathode of the first Zener diode is connected to a third terminal of the voltage regulator module through the second resistor, wherein the second resistor is connected in series with the first diode.

[0013] For example, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the reverse polarity protection circuit is characterized by further comprising: a second diode, wherein the second terminal of the second electronic switch is connected to the first terminal of the first electronic switch through the second diode, and wherein the anode of the second diode is connected to the second terminal of the second electronic switch and the cathode of the second diode is connected to the first terminal of the first electronic switch, and wherein the voltage threshold is equal to the stable voltage of the first Zener diode minus the forward voltage drop between the control terminal and the second terminal of the second electronic switch and the forward voltage drop of the second diode.

[0014] For example, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the reverse polarity protection circuit is characterized by further comprising: a third resistor, wherein the second terminal of the second electronic switch is connected to the first terminal of the first electronic switch through the third resistor, wherein the third resistor is connected in series with the second diode.

[0015] For example, the reverse polarity protection circuit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is characterized by further comprising: a filtering module connected between the first terminal and the control terminal of the first electronic switch, the filtering module comprising a fourth resistor and a second capacitor connected in parallel.

[0016] For example, the reverse polarity protection circuit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is characterized in that it further includes: a second Zener diode, the cathode of the second Zener diode being connected to the control terminal of the first electronic switch, and the anode of the second Zener diode being connected to the first terminal of the first electronic switch.

[0017] For example, the reverse polarity protection circuit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is characterized in that it further includes: a transient pulse suppression module, the transient pulse suppression module including a third Zener diode and a fourth Zener diode connected in series, the anode of the third Zener diode and the anode of the fourth Zener diode being connected to each other, the cathode of the third Zener diode being connected to the first terminal of the first electronic switch, and the cathode of the fourth Zener diode being grounded.

[0018] For example, the reverse polarity protection circuit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is characterized by further comprising: a third diode, the cathode of which is connected to the second terminal of the first electronic switch, and the anode of which is grounded.

[0019] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, a vehicle is provided, including the aforementioned reverse polarity protection circuit.

[0020] According to the reverse polarity protection circuit of this disclosure, there is no need to wait for the reverse polarity voltage to reach a certain value before cutting off; instead, the reverse polarity voltage can be quickly cut off according to a pre-configured circuit. The reverse polarity protection circuit of this disclosure is low in complexity, easy to implement, and has low hardware cost.

[0021] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, a surge current suppression circuit is provided, characterized in that it includes: a switching module configured to turn on or off a power supply and a load; a switching control module configured to control the switching module to connect or disconnect the power supply and the load; and a current detection module configured to operate the switching control module to control the switching module to disconnect the power supply and the load in response to a current flowing through the switching module exceeding a current threshold.

[0022] For example, according to an embodiment of the surge current suppression circuit of this disclosure, the current detection module includes a first terminal connected to the switching module, a second terminal connected to the switching control module, a third terminal connected to the load, and a fourth terminal grounded. The current detection module includes a first Zener diode, a first transistor, a second transistor, a third transistor, a first resistor, a second resistor, a third resistor, and a fourth resistor. The cathode of the first Zener diode is connected to the first terminal of the current detection module, the anode of the first Zener diode is connected to the fourth terminal of the current detection module, the first terminal of the first resistor is connected to the first terminal of the current detection module, the second terminal of the first resistor is connected to the emitter of the first transistor, and the base of the first transistor is connected to the second transistor. The base of the transistor and the collector of the first transistor are connected together. The collector of the first transistor is connected to the first terminal of the second resistor. The second terminal of the second resistor is connected to the fourth terminal of the current detection module. The first terminal of the third resistor is connected to the first terminal of the current detection module. The second terminal of the third resistor is connected to the third terminal of the current detection module. The emitter of the second transistor is connected to the third terminal of the current detection module. The collector of the second transistor is connected to the first terminal of the fourth resistor. The second terminal of the fourth resistor is connected to the fourth terminal of the current detection module. The base of the third transistor is connected to the collector of the first transistor. The collector of the third transistor is connected to the second terminal of the current detection module. The emitter of the third transistor is connected to the collector of the second transistor.

[0023] For example, according to an embodiment of the surge current suppression circuit of this disclosure, the current detection module further includes a first capacitor, a fifth resistor, and a sixth resistor, wherein: the first capacitor is connected in parallel with the first Zener diode, the first capacitor is configured to receive and store charge from the switching module and maintain voltage stability when the switching module is turned on; the base of the third transistor is connected to the collector of the first transistor through the fifth resistor, and the anode of the first Zener diode, the second terminal of the second resistor, and the second terminal of the fourth resistor are connected to the fourth terminal of the current detection module through the sixth resistor.

[0024] For example, according to an embodiment of the surge current suppression circuit of this disclosure, the switch control module includes a first terminal and a second terminal connected to the switch module, and a third terminal connected to the second terminal of the current detection module, wherein the switch control module includes a fourth transistor and a seventh resistor, and wherein: the emitter of the fourth transistor is connected to the first terminal of the switch control module, the base of the fourth transistor is connected to the third terminal of the switch control module, and the base of the fourth transistor is also connected to the first terminal of the switch control module through the seventh resistor, and the collector of the fourth transistor is connected to the second terminal of the switch control module.

[0025] For example, in the surge current suppression circuit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the switch control module further includes a second Zener diode, wherein the cathode of the second Zener diode is connected to a first terminal of the switch control module, and the anode of the second Zener diode is connected to a second terminal of the switch control module.

[0026] For example, according to an embodiment of the surge current suppression circuit of this disclosure, the switching module includes a first terminal and a second terminal, the first terminal of the switching module is connected to a power supply and the second terminal of the switching module is connected to a second terminal of the switching control module, a third terminal is connected to a first terminal of the current detection module, and a fourth terminal is connected to the first terminal of the switching control module, wherein the fourth terminal of the switching module is configured to receive a gate drive signal, and wherein the switching module includes a first NMOS transistor and a second NMOS transistor, and wherein: the drain of the first NMOS transistor is connected to the first terminal of the switching module, the source of the first NMOS transistor is connected to the second terminal of the switching module, the gate of the first NMOS transistor is connected to the fourth terminal of the switching module, the source of the second NMOS transistor is connected to the second terminal of the switching module, the drain of the second NMOS transistor is connected to the third terminal of the switching module, and the gate of the second NMOS transistor is connected to the fourth terminal of the switching module.

[0027] For example, the surge current suppression circuit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is characterized by further comprising a fast rising edge detection module, the fast rising edge detection module including a first terminal and a second terminal, the first terminal of the fast rising edge detection module being connected to the first terminal of the switching module and the second terminal of the fast rising edge detection module being connected to the second terminal of the switching control module and a grounded third terminal, wherein the fast rising edge detection module includes a fifth transistor, a first diode, an eighth resistor, a ninth resistor, and a second capacitor, wherein the eighth resistor, the second capacitor, and the ninth resistor are connected in series between the first terminal and the third terminal of the fast rising edge detection module, the collector of the fifth transistor is connected to the second terminal of the fast rising edge detection module, the emitter of the fifth transistor is connected to the third terminal of the fast rising edge detection module, the base of the fifth transistor is connected between the eighth resistor and the ninth resistor, the anode of the first diode is connected to the third terminal of the fast rising edge detection module, and the cathode of the first diode is connected to the base of the fifth transistor.

[0028] For example, in an embodiment of the surge current suppression circuit according to the present disclosure, the second capacitor, the fifth transistor, and the fourth transistor are turned on in response to the first terminal of the switching module being connected to a power supply, and the switching module is turned off.

[0029] For example, the surge current suppression circuit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is characterized in that it further includes a filtering module, the filtering module being connected between the first terminal of the switching module and ground.

[0030] For example, the surge current suppression circuit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is characterized in that it further includes a transient pulse suppression module, the transient pulse suppression module including a third Zener diode and a fourth Zener diode connected in series, the anode of the third Zener diode and the anode of the fourth Zener diode being connected to each other, the cathode of the third Zener diode being connected to the first terminal of the switching module, and the cathode of the fourth Zener diode being grounded.

[0031] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, a vehicle is provided, characterized in that it includes the surge current suppression circuit described above.

[0032] The surge current suppression circuit disclosed herein can quickly suppress surge currents with minimal or no impact on circuit temperature rise. The surge current suppression circuit of this disclosure is low in complexity, easy to implement, and has low hardware cost. Attached Figure Description

[0033] The above and other aspects, features, and advantages of specific embodiments of the present disclosure will become clearer from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0034] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a reverse polarity protection circuit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0035] Figure 2 This is another schematic diagram of a reverse polarity protection circuit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0036] Figure 3 This is another schematic diagram of a reverse polarity protection circuit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0037] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a surge current suppression circuit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0038] Figure 5 This is another schematic diagram of a surge current suppression circuit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0039] Figure 6 This is another schematic diagram of a surge current suppression circuit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0040] Figure 7 This is another schematic diagram of a surge current suppression circuit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0041] Figure 8 This is another schematic diagram of a surge current suppression circuit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0042] Figure 9 This is another schematic diagram of a surge current suppression circuit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0043] Figure 10 A vehicle according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0044] Before proceeding with the detailed description below, it may be advantageous to define certain words and phrases used throughout this disclosure. The terms “comprising” and “including” and their derivatives mean, but are not limited to, “including”. The phrase “at least one”, when used with a list of items, means that different combinations of one or more of the listed items may be used, and that only one item in the list may be required. For example, “at least one of A, B, and C” includes any one of the following combinations: A, B, C, A and B, A and C, B and C, A and B and C.

[0045] Definitions of other specific words and phrases are provided throughout this disclosure. Those skilled in the art will understand that, in many, if not most, cases, such definitions apply to the prior and future use of the words and phrases thus defined.

[0046] The various embodiments of the principles of this disclosure described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and should not be construed as limiting the scope of this disclosure in any way. Those skilled in the art will understand that the principles of this disclosure can be implemented in any suitably arranged system or device. In some cases, the actions described in this disclosure may be performed in a different order and still achieve the desired result. Furthermore, the processes depicted in the drawings do not necessarily require a specific order or sequential sequence to achieve the desired result. In certain embodiments, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous.

[0047] The text and accompanying drawings are provided by way of example only to aid in understanding this disclosure. They should not be construed as limiting the scope of the claims appended to this disclosure in any way. Throughout the drawings, the same reference numerals generally indicate the same elements. Although certain embodiments and examples have been provided, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art, based on the content of this disclosure, that changes may be made to the illustrated embodiments and examples without departing from the scope of this disclosure.

[0048] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a reverse polarity protection circuit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0049] like Figure 1 As shown, the reverse polarity protection circuit 100 may include a first electronic switch 110, a second electronic switch 120, and a voltage regulator module 130.

[0050] The first electronic switch 110 can turn on or off the power supply and the load. The first electronic switch 110 can include various electronic switches, such as an NMOS transistor, but this disclosure is not limited thereto. The first electronic switch 110 can include a first terminal 111, a second terminal 112, and a control terminal 113. For example, the first terminal 111, the second terminal 112, and the control terminal 113 of the first electronic switch 110 can respectively correspond to the source, drain, and gate of an NMOS transistor. The Vin terminal can be connected to the power supply, and the Vout terminal can be connected to the load. The first terminal of the first electronic switch 110 can be connected to the Vin terminal, and the second terminal of the first electronic switch 110 can be connected to the Vout terminal. The control terminal of the first electronic switch 110 can be connected to the control source of a reverse polarity protection circuit (…). Figure 1 (not shown in the image) to control the connection and disconnection between the first terminal 111 and the second terminal 112 of the first electronic switch 110.

[0051] The second electronic switch 120 may include various electronic switches, such as an NPN transistor, but this disclosure is not limited thereto. The second electronic switch 120 may include a first terminal 121, a second terminal 122, and a control terminal 123. The first terminal 121, the second terminal 122, and the control terminal 123 of the second electronic switch 120 may correspond to the collector, emitter, and base of the NPN transistor, respectively. The first terminal 121 of the second electronic switch 120 may be connected to the control terminal 113 of the first electronic switch 110, and the second terminal 122 of the second electronic switch 120 may be connected to the first terminal 111 of the first electronic switch 110.

[0052] The voltage regulator module 130 may include a first terminal 131 and a second terminal 132. The first terminal 131 of the voltage regulator module 130 may be connected to the control terminal 131 of the second electronic switch 120, and the second terminal 132 of the voltage regulator module 130 may be grounded. The voltage regulator module 130 may be configured to apply a positive voltage to the control terminal 123 of the second electronic switch 120. If the voltage regulator module 130 does not apply a positive voltage to the control terminal 123 of the first electronic switch 120, then when a reverse polarity voltage (e.g., a negative voltage) occurs in Vin, the first electronic switch 110 can only be turned off after the difference between ground and the reverse polarity voltage is greater than a certain value (e.g., the conduction voltage between the base and emitter of the second electronic switch 120). Specifically, when the difference between ground and the reverse polarity voltage is greater than a certain value, the second electronic switch can be turned on, thereby pulling down the control terminal voltage of the first electronic switch 110 to turn off the first electronic switch 110. When the voltage regulator module 130 applies a positive voltage to the control terminal 123 of the first electronic switch 120, the second electronic switch can turn on when the input voltage of the power supply is lower than a voltage threshold, thereby turning off the first electronic switch. According to one embodiment of this disclosure, the voltage threshold can be equal to the positive voltage applied by the voltage regulator module 130 minus the conduction voltage between the base and emitter of the second electronic switch 120. For example, if the positive voltage applied by the voltage regulator module 130 is equal to the conduction voltage between the base and emitter of the second electronic switch 120, then when the input voltage of the power supply is less than or equal to 0, the second electronic switch 120 can turn on, thereby turning off the first electronic switch 110. Depending on the configuration, the positive voltage applied by the voltage regulator module 130 can be larger or smaller, and this disclosure does not impose any limitations.

[0053] Figure 2 This is another schematic diagram of a reverse polarity protection circuit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0054] like Figure 2 As shown, the reverse polarity protection circuit 200 may include a first electronic switch 110, a second electronic switch 120, and a voltage regulator module 130. Figure 2 Zhongyu Figure 1Components that are identical or similar to those described will not be described again.

[0055] The voltage regulator module 130 may include a first Zener diode 201, a first capacitor 202, and a first diode 203. The voltage regulator module 130 may also include a third terminal 133. The third terminal 133 of the voltage regulator module 130 may be connected to the second terminal 112 of the first electronic switch 110.

[0056] The cathode of the first Zener diode 201 can be connected to the first terminal 131 and the third terminal 133 of the voltage regulator module 130, and the anode of the first Zener diode 201 can be connected to the second terminal 132 of the voltage regulator module 130. The voltage regulator module 130 can provide a positive voltage to the control terminal of the second electronic switch 120 through the first Zener diode 201.

[0057] The first capacitor 202 can be connected in parallel with the first Zener diode 201. The first capacitor 202 can be configured to receive and store charge from the second terminal 112 of the first electronic switch 110 and maintain the voltage between the first capacitors 202 when the first electronic switch 110 is turned on.

[0058] The cathode of the first Zener diode 201 can be connected to the third terminal 133 of the voltage regulator module 130 via the first diode 203. According to one embodiment of this disclosure, the cathode of the first diode 203 can be connected to the cathode of the first Zener diode 201, and the anode of the first diode 203 can be connected to the third terminal 133 of the voltage regulator module 130. The first diode 203 ensures that current flows from the second terminal 112 of the first electronic switch 110 to the third terminal 133 of the voltage regulator module 130 and prevents reverse current.

[0059] When a positive voltage is input to Vin, the control source can turn on the first electronic switch 110, thereby supplying power to the load. Due to the presence of the first Zener diode 201 in the voltage regulator module 130, the voltage at the control terminal 123 of the second electronic switch 120 is a positive voltage, which depends on the reverse bias voltage of the first Zener diode 201; at the same time, the first capacitor 202 can receive and store charge from the second terminal 112 of the first electronic switch 120.

[0060] When Vin receives a reverse polarity voltage, for example, when Vin receives a reverse polarity voltage lower than the threshold voltage described above, the second electronic switch 120 can be turned on. Because the second electronic switch 120 is turned on, the voltage at the control terminal 113 of the first electronic switch 110 is pulled low, and the first electronic switch 110 is turned off. After the first electronic switch 110 is turned off, the first capacitor 202, which stores charge, can continue to maintain a stable voltage supplied to the control terminal 123 of the second electronic switch 120.

[0061] In this way, the reverse polarity protection circuit 200 can disconnect the power supply providing the input voltage when the input voltage is below the voltage threshold, thereby protecting subsequent circuit components from the effects of reverse polarity voltage.

[0062] Figure 3 This is another schematic diagram of a reverse polarity protection circuit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0063] like Figure 3 As shown, the reverse polarity protection circuit 300 may include a first electronic switch 110, a second electronic switch 120, and a voltage regulator module 130. Figure 3 Zhongyu Figure 1 and Figure 2 Components that are identical or similar to those described will not be described again.

[0064] The reverse polarity protection circuit 300 may include a first resistor 301. The first resistor 301 may be connected between the control terminal 123 of the second electronic switch 120 and the cathode of the first Zener diode 201. According to one embodiment of this disclosure, the first resistor 301 may be included in the voltage regulator module 130. For example, the cathode of the first Zener diode 201 may be connected to the first terminal 131 of the voltage regulator module 130 via the first resistor 301. The first resistor 301 may function as a current limiter, that is, the first resistor 301 may limit the current between the first terminal 131 of the voltage regulator module 130 and the control terminal 123 of the second electronic switch 120.

[0065] The reverse polarity protection circuit 300 may include a second resistor 302. The cathode of the first Zener diode 201 can be connected to the second terminal 112 of the first electronic switch 110 via the second resistor 302. For example, the second resistor 302 may be included in the voltage regulator module 130. The cathode of the first Zener diode 201 can be connected to the third terminal of the voltage regulator module 130 via the second resistor 302. The second resistor 302 may be connected in series with the first diode 203. Although in Figure 3 The diagram shows a first diode 203 connected between a second resistor 302 and the cathode of a first Zener diode 201, but this disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, the second resistor 302 can be connected between the first diode 203 and the cathode of the first Zener diode 201. The second resistor 302 can function as a current limiter, that is, the second resistor 302 can limit the current between the third terminal 133 of the voltage regulator module 130 and the second terminal 112 of the first electronic switch 110.

[0066] The reverse polarity protection circuit 300 may include a second diode 303 and a third resistor 304. The second terminal 122 of the second electronic switch 120 can be connected to the first terminal 111 of the first electronic switch 110 via the second diode 303. According to one embodiment of this disclosure, the anode of the second diode 303 can be connected to the second terminal 122 of the second electronic switch 120, and the cathode of the second diode 303 can be connected to the first terminal 111 of the first electronic switch 110. The unidirectional conductivity of the second diode 303 prevents the positive polarity power supply voltage input by Vin from being applied to the second terminal 122 of the second electronic switch 120.

[0067] The second terminal 122 of the second electronic switch 120 can be connected to the first terminal 111 of the first electronic switch 110 via a third resistor 304. The third resistor 304 can be connected in series with the second diode 303. Figure 3 The connection sequence of the third resistor 304 and the second diode 303 shown is merely exemplary. For example, the second diode 303 may be connected between the third resistor 304 and the second terminal 122 of the second electronic switch 120.

[0068] With the second diode 303 configured, the voltage threshold Vth can be equal to the stable voltage (e.g., reverse bias voltage) of the first Zener diode 201. 201 Subtract the on-state voltage drop V between the control terminal 123 and the second terminal 122 of the second electronic switch 120 123-122 The forward voltage drop V of the second diode 303 303 In other words, when the input voltage Vin is lower than V... 201 -V 123-122 - V 303 At this time, the second electronic switch 120 can be turned on, and the first electronic switch 110 can be turned off. This is achieved by configuring a suitable V... 201 V 123-122 V 303 This allows us to obtain the desired voltage threshold Vth.

[0069] The reverse polarity protection circuit 300 may include a filter module 310. The filter module 310 may be connected between the first terminal 111 and the control terminal 113 of the first electronic switch 110. The filter module 310 includes a fourth resistor 311 and a second capacitor 312 connected in parallel. The filter module 310 can filter out pulses between the first terminal 111 and the control terminal 113 of the first electronic switch 110 to protect the first electronic switch 110 from pulse damage.

[0070] The reverse polarity protection circuit 300 may include a second Zener diode 307. The cathode of the second Zener diode 307 may be connected to the control terminal 113 of the first electronic switch 110, and the anode of the second Zener diode 307 may be connected to the first terminal 111 of the first electronic switch 110. The second Zener diode 307 can stabilize the voltage between the control terminal 113 and the first terminal 111 of the first electronic switch 110 to protect the first electronic switch 110.

[0071] The reverse polarity protection circuit 300 may include a transient pulse suppression module 320. The transient pulse suppression module 320 may include a third Zener diode 321 and a fourth Zener diode 322 connected in series. The anode of the third Zener diode 321 may be connected to the anode of the fourth Zener diode 322, the cathode of the third Zener diode 321 may be connected to the first terminal of the first electronic switch, and the cathode of the fourth Zener diode 322 may be grounded. The transient pulse suppression module 320 can filter out pulses in the input voltage input at the input terminal Vin, thereby making the input voltage more stable.

[0072] The reverse polarity protection circuit 300 may include a third diode 306. The cathode of the third diode 306 may be connected to the second terminal 112 of the first electronic switch 110, and the anode of the third diode 306 may be grounded. When a reverse polarity voltage is input to the input terminal Vin, the third diode 306 may conduct to further enhance the reverse polarity protection function.

[0073] According to the reverse polarity protection circuit of this disclosure, when the voltage input to Vin is lower than V... 201 - V 123-122 - V 303 At this time, the second electronic switch 120 can be turned on, and the first electronic switch 110 can be turned off. This is achieved by configuring a suitable V... 201 V 123-122 V 303 The desired voltage threshold Vth can be obtained. Therefore, the reverse polarity protection circuit according to this disclosure can sensitively interrupt reverse polarity voltage without waiting for the reverse polarity voltage to reach a certain value before interruption. That is, the reverse polarity protection circuit according to this disclosure can sensitively interrupt the circuit when a reverse polarity pulse occurs, thus protecting subsequent circuits from reverse polarity voltage. Because the reverse polarity protection circuit according to this disclosure can sensitively interrupt reverse polarity voltage, it performs better in micro-cut tests. Furthermore, because the reverse polarity protection circuit according to this disclosure can sensitively interrupt reverse polarity voltage, there is no need to configure a large number of capacitors in subsequent circuits, thereby reducing inrush current.

[0074] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a surge current suppression circuit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0075] like Figure 4 As shown, the surge current suppression circuit 400 may include a switching module 410, a switching control module 420, and a current detection module 430.

[0076] Switch module 410 can be connected between a power source and a load. Switch module 410 can be configured to turn the power source and the load on or off. According to one embodiment of this disclosure, switch module 410 can be connected between a Vin terminal and a Vout terminal. The Vin terminal can be connected to the power source, and the Vout terminal can be connected to the load.

[0077] The switch control module 420 can be configured to control the switch module 410 to connect or disconnect the power supply and load.

[0078] The current detection module 430 can be configured to operate the switch control module 420 to control the switch module 410 to disconnect the power supply and the load in response to the current flowing through the switch module 410 exceeding the current threshold.

[0079] Figure 5 This is another schematic diagram of a surge current suppression circuit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0080] like Figure 5 As shown, the surge current suppression circuit 500 may include a switching module 410, a switching control module 420, and a current detection module 430. Figure 5 Zhongyu Figure 4 Components that are identical or similar to those described will not be described again.

[0081] like Figure 5 As shown, the current detection module 430 may include a first terminal 431 connected to the switch module 410, a second terminal 432 connected to the switch control module 420, a third terminal 433 connected to the load, and a fourth terminal 434 grounded. The current detection module 430 may include a first Zener diode 501, a first resistor 502, a first transistor 503, a second transistor 504, a second resistor 505, a third resistor 506, a fourth resistor 507, a third transistor 508, and a fifth resistor 509. The current detection module 430 may be implemented in the form of a current mirror circuit.

[0082] The cathode of the first Zener diode 501 can be connected to the first terminal 431 of the current detection module 430, and the anode of the first Zener diode 501 can be connected to the fourth terminal 434 of the current detection module 430. The first Zener diode 501 can provide a bias voltage for the current mirror circuit in the current detection module 430.

[0083] The first terminal of the first resistor 502 can be connected to the first terminal 431 of the current detection module 430, and the second terminal of the first resistor 502 can be connected to the emitter of the first transistor 503. The base of the first transistor 503 can be connected to the base of the second transistor 504 and the collector of the first transistor 503. The collector of the first transistor 503 is connected to the first terminal 431 of the second resistor 505. The second terminal of the second resistor 505 can be connected to the fourth terminal 434 of the current detection module 430.

[0084] The first terminal of the third resistor 506 can be connected to the first terminal 431 of the current detection module 430, and the second terminal of the third resistor 506 can be connected to the third terminal 433 of the current detection module 430. The emitter of the second transistor 504 can be connected to the third terminal 433 of the current detection module 430, and the collector of the second transistor 504 can be connected to the first terminal of the fourth resistor. The second terminal of the fourth resistor 507 can be connected to the fourth terminal 434 of the current detection module 430.

[0085] The base of the third transistor 508 can be connected to the collector of the first transistor 503. The collector of the third transistor 508 can be connected to the second terminal 432 of the current detection module 430. The emitter of the third transistor 508 can be connected to the collector of the second transistor 504. The base of the third transistor 508 can be connected to the collector of the first transistor 503 through the fifth resistor 509. The fifth resistor 509 serves as a current limiter.

[0086] When the switching module 410 is turned on, the power supply can supply power to the load. The current detection module 430 can detect the current flowing through the switching module 410. The first transistor 503 and the second transistor 504 can be turned on under the bias voltage provided by the first Zener diode 501. The third transistor 508 can be turned on when the current flowing through the current detection module 430 exceeds the threshold current.

[0087] Specifically, when a normal-sized current (e.g., a current not exceeding the threshold current) flows from the first terminal 431 to the third terminal 433 of the current detection module 430, the voltage difference between the collector of the first transistor 503 and the collector of the second transistor 504 may be insufficient to turn on the third transistor 508. For example, the voltage difference between the base and emitter of the third transistor 508 may be less than the turn-on voltage of the third transistor 508.

[0088] When a surge current (e.g., a current exceeding a threshold current) flows from the first terminal 431 to the third terminal 433 of the current detection module 430, the voltage across resistor 506 increases. Since the bias voltage provided by the first Zener diode 501 is fixed, the increased voltage across resistor 506 will cause a decrease in the voltage across the fourth resistor 507, and therefore a decrease in the voltage across the collector of the third transistor 504. The voltage distribution between the first resistor 502 and the fifth resistor 505 does not change with the current flowing from the first terminal 431 to the third terminal 433 of the current detection module 430. In this case, the voltage difference between the collector of the first transistor 503 and the collector of the second transistor 504 can be sufficient to turn on the third transistor 508. For example, the voltage difference between the base and emitter of the third transistor 508 can be no less than the turn-on voltage of the third transistor 508. Because the third transistor 508 is turned on, the voltage at the second terminal 432 of the current detection module 430 can be pulled down. Therefore, when a surge current flows through the switching module 410 and the current detection module 430, the current detection module 430 can instruct the switching control module 420 to control the switching module 410 to disconnect by pulling down the voltage connected to the second terminal 432 of the switching control module. In this way, when a surge current flows through the switching module 410, the connection between the power supply and the load can be disconnected, thereby avoiding damage to the circuit components.

[0089] The threshold current that enables the third transistor 508 to conduct can be configured by adjusting the resistance values ​​of the first resistor 502, the second resistor 505, the third resistor 506, and the fourth resistor 507.

[0090] The current detection module 430 also includes a first capacitor 510 and a sixth resistor 511.

[0091] The first capacitor 510 can be connected in parallel with the first Zener diode 501. The first capacitor 510 can be configured to receive and store charge from the switching module 410 and maintain voltage stability when the switching module 410 is turned on. When the current detection module 430 instructs the switch control module 420 to control the switching module 410 to disconnect the power supply from the load, the first capacitor 510 can maintain the bias voltage supplied to the current mirror circuit.

[0092] Furthermore, the anode of the first Zener diode 501, the second terminal of the second resistor 505, and the second terminal of the fourth resistor 507 can be connected to the fourth terminal 434 of the current detection module 430 via the sixth resistor 511. The sixth resistor 511 can serve as a current limiter.

[0093] Figure 6 This is another schematic diagram of a surge current suppression circuit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0094] like Figure 6As shown, the surge current suppression circuit 600 may include a switching module 410, a switching control module 420, and a current detection module 430. Figure 6 Zhongyu Figure 4 and Figure 5 Components that are identical or similar to those described will not be described again.

[0095] The switch control module 420 may include a first terminal 421 and a second terminal 422 connected to the switch module 410, and a third terminal 423 connected to the second terminal 432 of the current detection module 430. The switch control module 420 may include a fourth transistor 601 and a seventh resistor 602.

[0096] The switch control module 420 may further include a control source, which may be connected to a first terminal 421 of the switch control module 420. The control source can control the connection and disconnection of the switch module 410 by adjusting the voltage between the first terminal 421 and the second terminal 422. According to one embodiment of this disclosure, the control source may also be provided independently of the switch control module 420.

[0097] The emitter of the fourth transistor 601 can be connected to the first terminal 421 of the switch control module 420, and the base of the fourth transistor 601 is connected to the third terminal 423 of the switch control module 420. Furthermore, the base of the fourth transistor 601 is also connected to the first terminal 421 of the switch control module 420 via a seventh resistor 602, and the collector of the fourth transistor 601 is connected to the third terminal 423 of the switch control module 420. The seventh resistor 602 serves as a current limiter.

[0098] When the control source controls the switch module 410 to conduct at a high level, as shown in the reference... Figure 5 As described, when a normal-sized current (e.g., a current not exceeding the threshold current) flows from the first terminal 431 to the third terminal 433 of the current detection module 430, the third transistor 508 can be de-conducted, and therefore the base voltage of the fourth transistor 601 can be prevented from being pulled low. The voltage between the emitter and base of the fourth transistor 601 can be lower than the turn-on voltage, and the fourth transistor 601 can be turned off. Therefore, the switching module 410 can be turned on even when a normal-sized current flows through it.

[0099] When the control source controls the switch module 410 to conduct at a high level, when normal current flows from the first terminal 431 to the third terminal 433 of the current detection module 430, the third transistor 508 can be turned off. In this case, the voltage at the third terminal 423 of the switch control module 420 can be equal to the voltage of the control source, therefore, the fourth transistor 601 is turned off. When the fourth transistor 601 is turned off, the voltage between the first terminal 421 and the second terminal 422 of the switch control module 420 can be equal to the voltage of the control source, thereby controlling the switch module 410 to conduct. Therefore, the switch module 410 can conduct even when normal current flows through it. (Refer to...) Figure 5 As described, when a surge current (e.g., a current greater than the threshold current) flows from the first terminal 431 to the third terminal 433 of the current detection module 430, the third transistor 508 can be turned on, thus pulling down the base voltage of the fourth transistor 601. A voltage across the seventh resistor 602 can exist between the base and emitter of the fourth transistor 601. The voltage between the emitter and base of the fourth transistor 601 can be no less than the turn-on voltage, thus allowing the fourth transistor 601 to conduct. When the fourth transistor 601 is turned on, the voltage between the first terminal 421 and the second terminal 422 of the switch control module 420 can be pulled down, thereby controlling the switch module 410 to turn off. Therefore, the switch module 410 can be turned off even when a surge current flows.

[0100] The switch control module 420 may further include a second Zener diode 603. The cathode of the second Zener diode 603 may be connected to the first terminal 421 of the switch control module 420, and the anode of the second Zener diode may be connected to the second terminal 422 of the switch control module 420. The second Zener diode 603 can maintain a stable voltage applied to the fourth transistor 601, thus protecting the fourth transistor 601 from damage by high voltage.

[0101] Figure 7 This is another schematic diagram of a surge current suppression circuit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0102] like Figure 7 As shown, the surge current suppression circuit 700 may include a switching module 410, a switching control module 420, and a current detection module 430. Figure 7 Zhongyu Figures 4-6 Components that are identical or similar to those described will not be described again.

[0103] like Figure 7 As shown, the switch module 410 may include a first terminal 411 connected to the power supply, a second terminal 412 connected to a second terminal 422 connected to the switch control module 420, a third terminal 413 connected to a first terminal 431 connected to the current detection module 430, and a fourth terminal 414 connected to the first terminal 421 connected to the switch control module 420.

[0104] The fourth terminal 414 of the switching module 410 can be configured to receive a gate drive signal from the switching control module 420. The switching module 410 may include a first NMOS transistor 701 and a second NMOS transistor 702.

[0105] The drain of the first NMOS transistor 701 can be connected to the first terminal 411 of the switching module 410, the source of the first NMOS transistor 701 can be connected to the second terminal 412 of the switching module 410, and the gate of the first NMOS transistor 701 can be connected to the fourth terminal 414 of the switching module 410.

[0106] The source of the second NMOS transistor 702 can be connected to the second terminal 412 of the switching module 410, the drain of the second NMOS transistor 702 can be connected to the third terminal 413 of the switching module 410, and the gate of the second NMOS transistor 702 can be connected to the fourth terminal 414 of the switching module 410.

[0107] As mentioned above Figure 6 As described above, when the control source controls the switch module 410 to conduct at a high level, as referred to Figure 5 As described, when a surge current (e.g., a current greater than a threshold current) flows from the first terminal 431 to the third terminal 433 of the current detection module 430, the third transistor 508 can be turned on, thus pulling down the base voltage of the fourth transistor 601. The voltage between the emitter and base of the fourth transistor 601 can be no lower than the turn-on voltage, allowing the fourth transistor 601 to conduct. When the fourth transistor 601 is turned on, the voltage between the first terminal 421 and the second terminal 422 of the switch control module 420 can be pulled down, thereby providing a pulled-down gate drive signal to the switch module 410. Therefore, the switch module 410 can be turned off in the event of a surge current.

[0108] Figure 8 This is another schematic diagram of a surge current suppression circuit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0109] like Figure 8 As shown, the surge current suppression circuit 800 may include a switching module 410, a switching control module 420, a current detection module 430, and a fast rising edge detection module 810. Figure 8 Zhongyu Figures 4-7 Components that are identical or similar to those described will not be described again.

[0110] like Figure 8As shown, the fast rising edge detection module 810 may include a first terminal 811 connected to a first terminal 411 of the switch module 410, a second terminal 812 connected to a second terminal 422 of the switch control module 420, and a third terminal 813 grounded. The fast rising edge detection module 810 includes a fifth transistor 801, a first diode 802, an eighth resistor 803, a ninth resistor 804, and a second capacitor 805.

[0111] The eighth resistor 803, the second capacitor 805, and the ninth resistor 804 can be connected in series between the first terminal 811 and the third terminal 813 of the fast rising edge detection module 810.

[0112] The collector of the fifth transistor 801 can be connected to the second terminal 812 of the fast rising edge detection module 810, the emitter of the fifth transistor 801 can be connected to the third terminal 813 of the fast rising edge detection module 810, and the base of the fifth transistor 801 can be connected between the eighth resistor 803 and the ninth resistor 804.

[0113] The anode of the first diode 802 can be connected to the third terminal 813 of the fast rising edge detection module 810, and the cathode of the first diode 802 can be connected to the base of the fifth transistor 801. The first diode 802 can protect the fifth transistor 801 from reverse voltage damage.

[0114] At the instant the switching module 410 is connected to the power supply, the first Zener diode 501 in the current detection module 430 may not have established a bias voltage yet. Therefore, the current detection module 430 cannot turn off the switching module 410 through the switching control module 420 when the surge current flows through the switching module 410.

[0115] In response to the connection of the first terminal 411 of the switching module 410 to the power supply, the second capacitor 805 can form a circuit due to charging. Current can flow through the eighth resistor 803, the second capacitor 805, and the ninth resistor 804, thereby pulling up the base voltage of the fifth transistor 801. The voltage difference between the base and emitter of the fifth transistor 801 can be greater than the on-state voltage difference, so the fifth transistor 801 can conduct. After the fifth transistor 801 conducts, the voltage of the second terminal 422 of the switching control module 420 can be pulled down by the rising edge detection module 810, thereby pulling down the base voltage of the fourth transistor 601. The voltage between the emitter and base of the fourth transistor 601 can be no less than the on-state voltage, so the fourth transistor 601 can conduct. When the fourth transistor 601 conducts, the voltage of the first terminal 421 of the switching control module 420 can be pulled down, thereby providing a pulled-down gate drive signal to the switching module 410. Therefore, the switching module 410 can be turned off in the event of a surge current.

[0116] Figure 9 This is another schematic diagram of a surge current suppression circuit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0117] like Figure 9 As shown, the surge current suppression circuit 900 may include a switching module 410, a switching control module 420, a current detection module 430, and a fast rising edge detection module 810. Figure 9 Zhongyu Figures 4-8 Components that are identical or similar to those described will not be described again.

[0118] The filter module 910 can be connected between the first terminal 411 of the switch module 410 and ground. The filter module 910 may include parallel capacitors and resistors to filter out pulses from the power supply, thereby protecting circuit components from pulse damage.

[0119] The transient pulse suppression module 920 may include a third Zener diode 921 and a fourth Zener diode 922 connected in series. The anodes of the third Zener diode 921 and the fourth Zener diode 922 can be connected to each other. The cathode of the third Zener diode 921 can be connected to the first terminal 411 of the switching module 410, and the cathode of the fourth Zener diode 922 can be grounded. The transient pulse suppression module 920 enables the power supply to provide a stable voltage output, protecting the circuit from voltage fluctuations.

[0120] Furthermore, one or more of surge current suppression circuits 400-900 may include fast falling edge suppression circuitry. A description of the fast falling edge suppression circuitry can be found in Chinese Patent Application No. 201720932106.4, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0121] Figure 10 A vehicle according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown.

[0122] Vehicle 1000 may include, but is not limited to, cars, tractor-trailers (with or without trailers), buses, recreational vehicles, minivans, or sport utility vehicles (SUVs).

[0123] like Figure 10 As shown, vehicle 1000 may include device 1010, which may be the reverse polarity protection circuit 100-300 or surge current suppression circuit 400-900 described above.

[0124] Although this disclosure has been described with reference to exemplary embodiments, various changes and modifications may be suggested to those skilled in the art. This disclosure is intended to cover such changes and modifications that fall within the scope of the appended claims.

[0125] Any description in this invention should not be construed as implying that any particular element, step, or function is an essential element that must be included within the scope of the claims. The scope of the patent subject matter is defined only by the claims.

Claims

1. A reverse polarity protection circuit, characterized in that, include: A first electronic switch, comprising a first terminal, a second terminal, and a control terminal, is configured to turn on or off a power supply and a load. A second electronic switch includes a first terminal, a second terminal, and a control terminal, wherein the first terminal of the second electronic switch is connected to the control terminal of the first electronic switch, and the second terminal of the second electronic switch is connected to the first terminal of the first electronic switch. A voltage regulator module includes a first terminal and a second terminal. The first terminal of the voltage regulator module is connected to the control terminal of the second electronic switch, and the second terminal of the voltage regulator module is grounded. The voltage regulator module is configured to apply a positive voltage to the control terminal of the second electronic switch. Specifically, in response to the input voltage of the power supply being lower than a voltage threshold, the second electronic switch is turned on and the first electronic switch is turned off.

2. The reverse polarity protection circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first electronic switch includes an NMOS transistor, and the first terminal, the second terminal, and the control terminal of the first electronic switch correspond to the source, drain, and gate of the NMOS transistor. The second electronic switch includes an NPN transistor, and the first terminal, the second terminal, and the control terminal of the second electronic switch correspond to the collector, emitter, and base of the NPN transistor.

3. The reverse polarity protection circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The voltage regulator module also includes: A first Zener diode, the cathode of which is connected to a first terminal of the voltage regulator module, and the anode of which is connected to a second terminal of the voltage regulator module.

4. The reverse polarity protection circuit according to claim 3, characterized in that, The voltage regulator module also includes: The third terminal, wherein the third terminal of the voltage regulator module is connected to the second terminal of the first electronic switch; and A first capacitor, connected in parallel with the first Zener diode, is configured to receive and store charge from a second terminal of the first electronic switch and maintain voltage stability when the first electronic switch is turned on.

5. The reverse polarity protection circuit according to claim 4, characterized in that, The voltage regulator module includes: A first diode, wherein the cathode of the first Zener diode is connected to the third terminal of the voltage regulator module through the first diode, and wherein the cathode of the first diode is connected to the cathode of the first Zener diode, and the anode of the first diode is connected to the third terminal of the voltage regulator module.

6. The reverse polarity protection circuit according to claim 5, characterized in that, The voltage regulator module includes: A first resistor, wherein the cathode of the first Zener diode is connected to a first terminal of the voltage regulator module via the first resistor; and The second resistor is connected to the third terminal of the voltage regulator module through the cathode of the first Zener diode, and the second resistor is connected in series with the first diode.

7. The reverse polarity protection circuit according to claim 3, characterized in that, Also includes: A second diode, wherein the second terminal of the second electronic switch is connected to the first terminal of the first electronic switch via the second diode, and wherein the anode of the second diode is connected to the second terminal of the second electronic switch and the cathode of the second diode is connected to the first terminal of the first electronic switch. Wherein, the voltage threshold is equal to the stable voltage of the first Zener diode minus the forward voltage drop between the control terminal and the second terminal of the second electronic switch and the forward voltage drop of the second diode.

8. The reverse polarity protection circuit according to claim 7, characterized in that, Also includes: A third resistor is provided, wherein the second terminal of the second electronic switch is connected to the first terminal of the first electronic switch via the third resistor, and the third resistor is connected in series with the second diode.

9. The reverse polarity protection circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: A filtering module is connected between the first terminal and the control terminal of the first electronic switch. The filtering module includes a fourth resistor and a second capacitor connected in parallel.

10. The reverse polarity protection circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: The second Zener diode has its cathode connected to the control terminal of the first electronic switch and its anode connected to the first terminal of the first electronic switch.

11. The reverse polarity protection circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: A transient pulse suppression module includes a third Zener diode and a fourth Zener diode connected in series. The anodes of the third Zener diode and the fourth Zener diode are connected to each other. The cathode of the third Zener diode is connected to the first terminal of the first electronic switch, and the cathode of the fourth Zener diode is grounded.

12. The reverse polarity protection circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: The third diode has its cathode connected to the second terminal of the first electronic switch, and its anode grounded.

13. A vehicle, characterized in that, Includes the reverse polarity protection circuit as described in any one of claims 1-12.

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