A mechanical gripper for excavators

Abstract

This utility model discloses a mechanical gripper for excavators, including a forearm. A fixed gripper and a movable gripper are fixedly connected to the forearm's front end. A hydraulic cylinder is also mounted on the forearm and is pulsatorically connected to the movable gripper. A sliding seat is slidably mounted on the side of the forearm along its extension direction. The sliding seat is hinged to the movable gripper via a third transmission rod. The sliding seat includes a trigger assembly and a telescopic block. The trigger assembly controls the telescopic block to extend and retract, thereby locking and separating the sliding seat from the forearm. When the hydraulic cylinder or hydraulic system malfunctions, the trigger assembly controls the telescopic block to extend beyond the sliding seat and engage with the forearm, locking the sliding block and forearm together. This ultimately restricts the rotation of the movable gripper, keeping both the movable and fixed grippers in a clamping state, reducing the likelihood of the gripped object falling and improving the safety of the mechanical gripper.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of mechanical gripper technology, and in particular relates to a mechanical gripper for excavators. Background Technology

[0002] The mechanical grabber of an excavator is used to grab and move materials (such as stones, timber, etc.). A hydraulic cylinder drives a linkage mechanism to open and close the grab. Utilizing the force transmission of the mechanical structure, the grabbing and releasing actions are precisely controlled, improving the efficiency of material loading and unloading operations. It is widely used in mining, forestry, construction, and other fields.

[0003] Patent CN204728378U discloses a log grapple for excavators. If the hydraulic cylinder or hydraulic system malfunctions during the process of grabbing heavy objects, and cannot provide sufficient clamping force to the grippers, the grippers will loosen, causing the grabbed heavy objects to fall and posing a risk of injuring personnel or damaging equipment.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to improve the mechanical grippers in the existing technology. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the defects in the existing technology and provide a mechanical gripper for excavators, thereby improving the safety of the mechanical gripper.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the specific technical solution of the mechanical gripper for excavators of this utility model is as follows:

[0007] A mechanical gripper for excavators includes a forearm. The front end of the forearm is provided with a fixed gripper fixedly connected thereto and a movable gripper rotatably connected thereto. The forearm is also provided with a hydraulic cylinder that is throttlely connected to the movable gripper. A sliding seat is slidably provided on the side of the forearm along its extension direction. The sliding seat is hinged to the movable gripper via a third transmission rod. The sliding seat is provided with a trigger component and a telescopic block. The telescopic block is extended and retracted by the trigger component to achieve locking and separation between the sliding seat and the forearm.

[0008] Preferably, one end of the first transmission rod is hinged to the movable gripper, one end of the second transmission rod is hinged to the forearm, the other end of the first transmission rod is hinged to the other end of the second transmission rod, and the third transmission rod and the hydraulic cylinder are both hinged to the second transmission rod.

[0009] Preferably, a guide rod is fixedly connected to the forearm, a second guide hole is provided on the sliding seat, the guide rod passes through the second guide hole and slides in cooperation with the second guide hole, and a guide groove is provided on the forearm that slides in cooperation with the sliding seat.

[0010] Preferably, the sliding seat has an inner cavity with an opening facing the forearm, the telescopic block is slidably disposed inside the inner cavity, and the triggering component is disposed between the telescopic block and the inner bottom wall of the inner cavity.

[0011] Preferably, the triggering component includes a compression spring, an electromagnet, and a sensor. The electromagnet is fixedly connected to the inner bottom wall of the inner cavity. The telescopic block is made of ferromagnetic material. The compression spring is disposed between the telescopic block and the sliding seat. The transmission rod is disposed inside the oil chamber of the hydraulic cylinder and is electrically connected to the electromagnet.

[0012] Preferably, the inner bottom wall of the guide groove is provided with a plurality of limiting strips at equal intervals along its extension direction, and the side of the telescopic block adjacent to the limiting strips is provided with a plurality of limiting teeth at equal intervals along the extension direction of the guide groove.

[0013] Preferably, the limiting tooth has a chamfered surface on the side adjacent to the movable gripper.

[0014] Preferably, the inner bottom wall of the inner cavity is provided with a first guide hole, and the telescopic block is fixedly connected with a pull rod, which passes through the first guide hole.

[0015] Preferably, the pull rod has a pin hole that extends radially through it.

[0016] Preferably, an annular groove is formed on the end of the pull rod that is away from the telescopic block.

[0017] The excavator mechanical gripper of this utility model has the following advantages: When the hydraulic cylinder or hydraulic system fails, the trigger component controls the telescopic block to extend to the outside of the sliding seat and engage with the forearm, thereby locking the sliding block and the forearm and ultimately restricting the rotation of the movable gripper, keeping the movable gripper and the fixed gripper in a clamping state, reducing the probability of the heavy object being grabbed by the mechanical gripper falling, and improving the safety of using the mechanical gripper. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the mechanical gripper of this utility model;

[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the forearm structure of this utility model;

[0020] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the sliding seat of this utility model;

[0021] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the internal cavity structure of this utility model;

[0022] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the sliding seat of this utility model;

[0023] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the telescopic block of this utility model;

[0024] The markings in the diagram are as follows: 101, forearm; 102, fixed gripper; 103, movable gripper; 104, first transmission rod; 105, second transmission rod; 106, hydraulic cylinder; 2, sliding seat; 201, third transmission rod; 202, first guide hole; 203, inner cavity; 204, second guide hole; 301, guide rod; 302, guide groove; 303, limiting strip; 4, telescopic block; 401, pull rod; 402, pin hole; 403, compression spring; 404, annular groove; 405, limiting tooth; 406, chamfered surface; 5, electromagnet. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The specific embodiments of this utility model will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of this utility model and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this utility model.

[0026] The terms "top surface," "bottom surface," and "full surface" are used with reference to the normal operating state of the mechanical gripper and are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description. They are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or component referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation on this utility model.

[0027] like Figure 1 As shown, a mechanical gripper for excavators includes a boom 101. The front end of the boom 101 is provided with a fixed gripper 102 fixedly connected to it and a movable gripper 103 rotatably connected to it. The boom 101 is also provided with a hydraulic cylinder 106 pulsatorically connected to the movable gripper 103. A sliding seat 2 is slidably provided on the side of the boom 101 along its own extension direction. The sliding seat 2 is hinged to the movable gripper 103 through a third transmission rod 201. The sliding seat 2 is provided with a trigger component and a telescopic block 4. The telescopic block 4 is extended and retracted by the trigger component to realize the locking and separation between the sliding seat 2 and the boom 101.

[0028] The aforementioned mechanical gripper is designed for use on excavators. The boom 101 is an integral part of the excavator. During normal operation, the hydraulic cylinder 106 drives the movable gripper 103 to rotate, allowing the movable gripper 103 and the fixed gripper 102 to clamp and release, thus enabling the gripping of objects. During conventional excavator operation, the hydraulic cylinder 106 is connected to the excavator's hydraulic system and is driven by hydraulic oil supplied by the system. If the hydraulic system or the hydraulic cylinder 106 malfunctions, the hydraulic cylinder 106 cannot output power to the movable gripper 103. If the mechanical gripper is holding a heavy object at this time, it will be unable to hold the object firmly, potentially causing it to fall and pose a danger. Therefore, a triggering component is provided. When the triggering component detects... When an abnormal oil pressure is detected in the hydraulic cylinder 106, the telescopic block 4 extends out of the sliding seat 2 and engages with the forearm 101, locking the sliding seat 2 and the forearm 101 together. This, combined with the action of the third transmission rod 201, locks the movable gripper 103, ensuring that the movable gripper 103 and the fixed gripper 102 maintain clamping force on the load, reducing the chance of the load falling and injuring personnel or equipment, and improving the safety of the mechanical gripper. During normal operation, the telescopic block 4 retracts into the sliding seat 2, separating from the forearm 101, allowing the sliding seat 2 to slide smoothly. This allows the hydraulic cylinder 106 to drive the movable gripper 103 to rotate, enabling the mechanical gripper to grasp the load.

[0029] Further improvements include, for example Figure 1 As shown, one end of the first transmission rod 104 is hinged to the movable gripper 103, one end of the second transmission rod 105 is hinged to the forearm 101, the other end of the first transmission rod 104 is hinged to the other end of the second transmission rod 105, and the third transmission rod 201 and the hydraulic cylinder 106 are both hinged to the second transmission rod 105.

[0030] In the aforementioned mechanical gripper, the first transmission rod 104 and the second transmission rod 105 optimize the force transmission path between the hydraulic cylinder 106 and the movable gripper 103, better adapt to the installation position of the hydraulic cylinder 106, and achieve stable transmission of driving force between the hydraulic cylinder 106 and the movable gripper 103.

[0031] Further improvements include, for example Figure 2 As shown, a guide rod 301 is fixedly connected to the forearm 101, and a second guide hole 204 is provided on the sliding seat 2. The guide rod 301 passes through the second guide hole 204 and slides in cooperation with the second guide hole 204. A guide groove 302 is provided on the forearm 101 that slides in cooperation with the sliding seat 2.

[0032] Specifically, the guide rod 301 and the second guide hole 204 cooperate with each other to support and guide the sliding seat 2, thereby improving the stability of the sliding seat 2; the guide groove 302 can further guide and limit the sliding seat 2, further improving the stability of the sliding seat 2, so as to improve the stability of the support of the movable gripper 103 when it is locked with the forearm 101.

[0033] Further improvements include, for example Figure 3-5 As shown, the sliding seat 2 has an inner cavity 203 with an opening facing the forearm 101. The telescopic block 4 is slidably disposed inside the inner cavity 203. The triggering component is disposed between the telescopic block 4 and the inner bottom wall of the inner cavity 203. The triggering component includes a compression spring 403, an electromagnet 5, and a sensor. The electromagnet 5 is fixedly connected to the inner bottom wall of the inner cavity 203. The telescopic block 4 is made of ferromagnetic material. The compression spring 403 is disposed between the telescopic block 4 and the sliding seat 2. The transmission rod is disposed inside the oil chamber of the hydraulic cylinder 106. The transmission rod is electrically connected to the electromagnet 5.

[0034] In this mechanical gripper, the sensor is a hydraulic pressure sensor, which is installed inside the oil chamber of the hydraulic cylinder 106. When the hydraulic system of the excavator or the hydraulic cylinder 106 malfunctions, the sensor can detect abnormal changes in oil pressure, thereby controlling the electromagnet 5 to cut off the power. After the telescopic block 4 loses the attraction of the electromagnet 5, it moves to the outside of the inner cavity 203 under the action of the compression spring 403, and finally abuts against the arm 101. Under the action of the friction between the telescopic block 4 and the arm 101, the arm 101 and the sliding seat 2 are locked together. Under the transmission action of the third transmission rod 201, the rotation of the movable gripper 103 is restricted to prevent the heavy object gripped by the mechanical gripper from falling. When the mechanical gripper is working normally, the electromagnet 5 attracts the telescopic block 4, and the telescopic block 4 disengages from the arm 101 and retracts into the inner cavity 203. At this time, the movable gripper 103 can rotate normally.

[0035] Further improvements include, for example Figure 2 and 6 As shown, multiple limiting strips 303 are arranged at equal intervals along the inner bottom wall of the guide groove 302. Multiple limiting teeth 405 are arranged at equal intervals along the extension direction of the guide groove 302 on the side of the telescopic block 4 adjacent to the limiting strips 303. The limiting strips 303 and the limiting teeth 405 are interlocked with each other, which can increase the friction between the telescopic block 4 and the forearm 101, thereby improving the locking effect on the movable gripper 103.

[0036] Further improvements include, for example Figure 6As shown, a chamfered surface 406 is provided on the side of the limiting tooth 405 adjacent to the movable gripper 103. When the movable gripper 103 opens, the sliding seat 2 moves away from the movable gripper 103; when the movable gripper 103 closes, the sliding seat 2 moves closer to the movable gripper 103. The chamfered surface 406 allows the sliding seat 2 to move closer to the movable gripper 103 even when the telescopic block 4 and the forearm 101 are locked together, so that the movable gripper 103 can still perform a clamping operation. This allows the movable gripper 103 to be clamped by external force when the clamping force of the movable gripper 103 is insufficient, further reducing the probability of the heavy object falling.

[0037] Further improvements include, for example Figure 5 As shown, a first guide hole 202 is provided on the inner bottom wall of the inner cavity 203. A pull rod 401 is fixedly connected to the telescopic block 4, and the pull rod 401 is set through the first guide hole 202. The first guide hole 202 and the pull rod 401 mutually limit each other, which can guide and limit the telescopic block 4, further improving the stability of the telescopic block 4. After the pull rod 401 passes through the first guide hole 202, the telescopic block 4 can be manually retracted into the inner cavity 203 by pulling the pull rod 401, realizing the manual release of the movable gripper 103, which facilitates subsequent maintenance of the mechanical gripper.

[0038] Further improvements include, for example Figure 6 As shown, the pull rod 401 has a pin hole 402 that extends radially through it. When the pin hole 402 moves to the side of the sliding seat 2 away from the forearm, a pin is inserted into the pin hole 402 to lock the position of the pull rod 401, thereby keeping the telescopic block 4 retracted into the inner cavity 203, allowing the sliding seat 2 to slide freely, which facilitates the maintenance of the mechanical gripper.

[0039] Further improvements include, for example Figure 6 As shown, an annular groove 404 is provided on the end of the pull rod 401 that is away from the telescopic block 4. The annular groove 404 increases the friction of the end of the pull rod 401 that is away from the telescopic block 4, making it easier for personnel to manually pull the pull rod 401 to move and improving the ease of operation of the mechanical gripper.

[0040] It is understood that this utility model has been described through some embodiments, and those skilled in the art will recognize that various changes or equivalent substitutions can be made to these features and embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of this utility model. Furthermore, under the teachings of this utility model, these features and embodiments can be modified to adapt to specific situations and materials without departing from the spirit and scope of this utility model. Therefore, this utility model is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, and all embodiments falling within the scope of the claims of this application are within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A mechanical gripper for an excavator, comprising a forearm (101), wherein a fixed gripper (102) is fixedly connected to the forearm (101) and a movable gripper (103) is rotatably connected to the forearm (101), and a hydraulic cylinder (106) is also provided on the forearm (101) and pulsatorically connected to the movable gripper (103), characterized in that: The forearm (101) has a sliding seat (2) slidably disposed on its side along its extension direction. The sliding seat (2) is hinged to the movable gripper (103) via a third transmission rod (201). The sliding seat (2) is provided with a trigger component and a telescopic block (4). The telescopic block (4) is extended and retracted by the trigger component to achieve locking and separation between the sliding seat (2) and the forearm (101).

2. The mechanical gripper for excavators according to claim 1, characterized in that, One end of the first transmission rod (104) is hinged to the movable gripper (103), one end of the second transmission rod (105) is hinged to the forearm (101), the other end of the first transmission rod (104) is hinged to the other end of the second transmission rod (105), and the third transmission rod (201) and the hydraulic cylinder (106) are both hinged to the second transmission rod (105).

3. The mechanical gripper for excavators according to claim 1, characterized in that, A guide rod (301) is fixedly connected to the forearm (101), and a second guide hole (204) is provided on the sliding seat (2). The guide rod (301) passes through the second guide hole (204) and slides in cooperation with the second guide hole (204). A guide groove (302) is provided on the forearm (101) and slides in cooperation with the sliding seat (2).

4. The mechanical gripper for excavators according to claim 3, characterized in that, The sliding seat (2) has an inner cavity (203) with an opening facing the forearm (101), the telescopic block (4) is slidably disposed inside the inner cavity (203), and the triggering component is disposed between the telescopic block (4) and the inner bottom wall of the inner cavity (203).

5. The mechanical gripper for excavators according to claim 4, characterized in that, The triggering assembly includes a compression spring (403), an electromagnet (5), and a sensor. The electromagnet (5) is fixedly connected to the inner bottom wall of the inner cavity (203). The telescopic block (4) is made of ferromagnetic material. The compression spring (403) is disposed between the telescopic block (4) and the sliding seat (2). The transmission rod is disposed inside the oil chamber of the hydraulic cylinder (106). The transmission rod is electrically connected to the electromagnet (5).

6. The mechanical gripper for excavators according to claim 3, characterized in that, The inner bottom wall of the guide groove (302) is provided with a plurality of limiting strips (303) at equal intervals along its extension direction, and the side of the telescopic block (4) adjacent to the limiting strips (303) is provided with a plurality of limiting teeth (405) at equal intervals along the extension direction of the guide groove (302).

7. The mechanical gripper for excavators according to claim 6, characterized in that, The limiting tooth (405) has a chamfered surface (406) on the side adjacent to the movable gripper (103).

8. The mechanical gripper for excavators according to claim 4, characterized in that, The inner bottom wall of the inner cavity (203) is provided with a first guide hole (202), and the telescopic block (4) is fixedly connected with a pull rod (401), which passes through the first guide hole (202).

9. The mechanical gripper for excavators according to claim 8, characterized in that, The pull rod (401) has a pin hole (402) that extends radially through it.

10. The mechanical gripper for excavators according to claim 8, characterized in that, The pull rod (401) has an annular groove (404) on the end opposite to the telescopic block (4).

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