A charging process monitoring circuit

Abstract

The utility model provides a kind of charging process monitoring circuit, comprising: charging state identification circuit, charging current sensing circuit, charging current detection circuit and microprocessor;The charging state identification circuit is electrically connected with charging current sensing circuit and microprocessor, the charging current sensing circuit is electrically connected with the charging current detection circuit, and the charging current detection circuit is electrically connected with microprocessor;A kind of charging process monitoring circuit can be applicable to the case that safety performance requirement is higher, guarantee the stable normal work of charging circuit system, avoid damaging charger and any device in lithium battery, so as to improve the reliability of entire charging circuit system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of charging circuit technology, and in particular to a charging process monitoring circuit. Background Technology

[0002] With the global lithium battery market exceeding $100 billion, the demand for battery management has surged. The rapid development of electric vehicles, renewable energy storage systems (such as photovoltaic / wind power distribution and storage), and consumer electronics (mobile phones / laptops) has made high-performance batteries such as lithium batteries core components.

[0003] Battery replacement is costly (e.g., electric vehicle batteries account for 40% of the total vehicle cost), but improper charging accelerates aging, necessitating technological means to extend battery life. Overcharging and overheating of batteries can lead to fires and explosions, raising public concerns about safety.

[0004] Multifunctional charging process monitoring technology is not only an effective means of protecting battery safety, but also a core engine for the sustainable development of the new energy industry. From solving current pain points to empowering future innovation, its significance has transcended the scope of a single technology, becoming a key link connecting the energy revolution, environmental protection, and user experience. A well-designed charging protection monitoring circuit can effectively improve the operational safety and reliability of the entire system.

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a charging process monitoring circuit to solve the above problems. Utility Model Content

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a charging process monitoring circuit that can be used in situations with high safety requirements, ensuring the stable and normal operation of the charging circuit system, preventing damage to any components in the charger and lithium battery, thereby improving the reliability of the entire charging circuit system.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution proposed by this utility model is as follows: a charging process monitoring circuit, comprising: a charging state identification circuit, a charging current sensing circuit, a charging current detection circuit, and a microprocessor; The charging status identification circuit is electrically connected to the charging current sensing circuit and the microprocessor. The charging current sensing circuit is electrically connected to the charging current detection circuit, and the charging current detection circuit is electrically connected to the microprocessor.

[0008] Preferably, the charging status identification circuit diagram includes resistors R1, R2, and R4, a polarized capacitor C1, and a bidirectional TVS diode array D2. The input power supply CHARGE+ of the lithium battery charger is electrically connected to the first terminal of resistor R4, the positive terminal of polarized capacitor C1, the first terminal of bidirectional TVS diode array D2, the charging current sensing circuit, and the first terminal of resistor R2. The second terminal of resistor R4 is electrically connected to the negative terminal of polarized capacitor C1, the second terminal of bidirectional TVS diode array D2, and the charging current sensing circuit. The second terminal of resistor R2 is electrically connected to the first terminal of the light-emitting end of the opto-isolator, and the second terminal of the light-emitting end of the opto-isolator is grounded. The first end of the resistor R1 is electrically connected to an external 3.3V power supply, the second end of the resistor R1 is electrically connected to the first end of the light-receiving end of the opto-isolator U1 and electrically connected to the microprocessor, and the second end of the light-receiving end of the opto-isolator U1 is grounded.

[0009] Preferably, the charging current sensing circuit includes a charging current sensing amplifier chip U2, a filter capacitor C3, a resistor R3, a resistor R6, and a diode D1; The first end of the resistor R4 is also electrically connected to the VIN+ pin of the charging current sensing amplifier chip U2 and the first end of the resistor R3. The second end of the resistor R3 is electrically connected to the VIN- pin of the charging current sensing amplifier chip U2, the anode of the diode D1, the V+ pin of the charging current sensing amplifier chip U2 and the first end of the filter capacitor C3. The cathode of the diode D1 is electrically connected to the lithium battery BAT. The second end of resistor R4 is also electrically connected to the second end of filter capacitor C3 of the charging current sensing circuit, the GND pin of charging current sensing amplifier chip U2, and resistor R6. Resistor R6 is electrically connected to the OUT pin of charging current sensing amplifier chip U2.

[0010] Preferably, the charging current detection circuit includes capacitor C4, bidirectional TVS diode array D3, resistor R5, operational amplifier U1B, and capacitor C2. The first end of the capacitor C4 is electrically connected to the OUT pin of the charging current sensing amplifier chip U2 of the charging current sensing circuit, the first end of the bidirectional TVS diode array D3, and the positive input terminal (+) of the operational amplifier U2B. The second end of the capacitor C4 is electrically connected to the second end of the bidirectional TVS diode array D3 and the resistor R6 and grounded. The inverting input terminal (-) of the operational amplifier U2B is electrically connected to the output terminal of the operational amplifier U2B and the first terminal of the resistor R5. The second terminal of the resistor R5 is electrically connected to the first terminal of the capacitor C2 and the microprocessor. The second terminal of the capacitor C2 is grounded.

[0011] Compared with existing technologies, the advantages are that the structure of the charging status identification circuit, charging current sensing circuit, and charging progress detection circuit can effectively prevent the charger voltage from being abnormally high and can also effectively prevent the charger from being connected in reverse, thus greatly improving the safety of the charging system. This can cope with large voltage fluctuations and reverse polarity, and the charging detection circuit can adapt to poor power grid environments, avoiding damage to the components in the charging system circuit and improving the reliability of the charging process monitoring circuit.

[0012] Other features and advantages of this invention will be set forth in the following description, and in part will be apparent from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The features and advantages of this invention may be realized and obtained by means of the elements and combinations specifically pointed out in the appended claims. Attached Figure Description

[0013] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of this utility model and should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort. Figure 1 The circuit diagram of the charging process monitoring circuit provided by this utility model.

[0014] Figure 2 for Figure 1 The circuit diagram shown is for the charging status recognition circuit.

[0015] Figure 3 for Figure 1 The circuit diagram shown is of the charging current sensing circuit.

[0016] Figure 4 for Figure 1 The circuit diagram shown is of the charging current detection circuit. Detailed Implementation

[0017] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and beneficial effects of this utility model clearer, the present utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described in this specification are merely for explaining the present utility model and are not intended to limit the present utility model.

[0018] It should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inner", and "outer" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model.

[0019] It should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, terms such as "installation," "connection," "joining," "fixing," and "setting" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0020] Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined as "first," "second," or "third" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. Additionally, "multiple" and "several" mean two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0021] Please see Figure 1 This utility model proposes a charging process monitoring circuit, including: a charging status identification circuit, a charging current sensing circuit, a charging current detection circuit, and a microprocessor; The charging status identification circuit is electrically connected to the charging current sensing circuit and the microprocessor. The charging current sensing circuit is electrically connected to the charging current detection circuit, and the charging current detection circuit is electrically connected to the microprocessor.

[0022] Furthermore, such as Figure 2 As shown, Figure 2 This is a circuit diagram of the charging status identification circuit provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0023] Specifically, the charging status identification circuit diagram includes resistors R1, R2, and R4, a polarized capacitor C1, and a bidirectional TVS diode array D2. The lithium battery charger's input power supply CHARGE+ is electrically connected to the first terminal of resistor R4, the positive terminal of polarized capacitor C1, the first terminal of bidirectional TVS diode array D2, the charging current sensing circuit, and the first terminal of resistor R2. The second terminal of resistor R4 is electrically connected to the negative terminal of polarized capacitor C1, the second terminal of bidirectional TVS diode array D2, and the charging current sensing circuit. The second terminal of resistor R2 is electrically connected to the first terminal (pin 1) of the light-emitting end of the opto-isolator. The second terminal (pin 3) of the light-emitting end of the opto-isolator is grounded. The first end of the resistor R1 is electrically connected to an external 3.3V power supply. The second end of the resistor R1 is electrically connected to the first end (pin 6) of the light-receiving end of the opto-isolator U1 and to the P0.1 pin of the microprocessor. The second end (pin 4) of the light-receiving end of the opto-isolator U1 is grounded.

[0024] Thus, the charging identification circuit connects the input power CHARGE+ of the lithium battery charger to the charging current sensing circuit, so that the charging current sensing circuit can amplify and detect the current signal of the input power CHARGE+ of the lithium battery charger, thereby ensuring low power consumption while accurately realizing the shunt measurement function.

[0025] like Figure 3 As shown, Figure 3 This is a circuit diagram of the charging current sensing circuit provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0026] Specifically, the charging current sensing circuit includes a charging current sensing amplifier chip U2, a filter capacitor C3, a resistor R3, a resistor R6, and a diode D1; Wherein: the first end of the resistor R4 is also electrically connected to the VIN+ pin of the charging current sensing amplifier chip U2 and the first end of the resistor R3; the second end of the resistor R3 is electrically connected to the VIN- pin of the charging current sensing amplifier chip U2, the anode of the diode D1, the V+ pin of the charging current sensing amplifier chip U2 and the first end of the filter capacitor C3; and the cathode of the diode D1 is electrically connected to the lithium battery BAT. The second end of resistor R4 is also electrically connected to the second end of filter capacitor C3 of the charging current sensing circuit, the GND pin of charging current sensing amplifier chip U2, and resistor R6. Resistor R6 is electrically connected to the OUT pin of charging current sensing amplifier chip U2.

[0027] Thus, the charging current sensing amplifier chip U2 will generate a voltage drop from the input power supply CHARGE+ generated by the lithium battery charger after passing through resistor R3. After the voltage drop, the voltage will be input from the VIN and VIN- pins of the charging current sensing amplifier chip U2 to the signal input side of the charging current sensing amplifier chip U2 (i.e., the V+ pin of the charging current sensing amplifier chip U2). After the voltage drop, the voltage of the charging current sensing amplifier chip U2 will be output to the charging current detection circuit through resistor R6 at the OUT pin of the charging current sensing amplifier chip.

[0028] The role of resistor R3 is quite important here because the input power supply CHARGE+ generated by the lithium battery charger has a relatively constant voltage, but the charging circuit current will change with the charging stage. Resistor R3 can convert this current change into a detectable voltage change.

[0029] It is worth mentioning that the diode D1 here can effectively prevent the input power CHARGE+ of the lithium battery charger from being reverse-connected. Without diode D1 and if the lithium battery charger voltage is abnormal or the input is reverse-connected, the entire circuit system will face collapse. Therefore, it is necessary to take all factors into consideration. The role of diode D1 here is quite important.

[0030] It is easy to understand that a filter capacitor C3 is set on the charging current sensing amplifier chip U2. The main function of the filter capacitor C3 is to maintain the stability of the power supply to the charging current sensing amplifier chip U2.

[0031] like Figure 4 The diagram shows a schematic of the charging current detection circuit provided in this embodiment of the application.

[0032] Specifically, the charging current detection circuit includes capacitor C4, bidirectional TVS diode array D3, resistor R5, operational amplifier U1B, and capacitor C2. Wherein: the first end of the capacitor C4 is electrically connected to the OUT pin of the charging current sensing amplifier chip U2 of the charging current sensing circuit, the first end of the bidirectional TVS diode array D3, and the positive input terminal (+) of the operational amplifier U2B; the second end of the capacitor C4 is electrically connected to the second end of the bidirectional TVS diode array D3 and the resistor R6 and grounded. The inverting input terminal (-) of the operational amplifier U2B is electrically connected to the output terminal of the operational amplifier U2B and the first terminal of the resistor R5. The second terminal of the resistor R5 is electrically connected to the first terminal of the capacitor C2 and the P0.0 pin of the microprocessor. The second terminal of the capacitor C2 is grounded.

[0033] Thus, based on the instantaneous overvoltage protection characteristics of the bidirectional TVS diode array D3, when the voltage drop signal processed by the charging current sensing circuit is transmitted, it can play a certain role in overvoltage buffering and suppression. Capacitors C4 and C2 can be used as filter capacitors, and resistor R5 can form a voltage follower with the first operational amplifier. The voltage follower can replicate and output the input voltage. It has high input impedance, drives heavy loads while protecting the input source, has good stability, and is suitable for various signal processing.

[0034] When the microprocessor receives the charging current detection signal CHARGE_I output from the operational amplifier U2B, it can analyze and judge its state through internal algorithms, thereby realizing the monitoring of the entire charging process.

[0035] Connecting capacitor C4 in parallel to the positive input (+) terminal of operational amplifier U2B in the charging current detection circuit, and capacitor C2 in parallel to the output terminal of operational amplifier U2B, can effectively help reduce noise such as ripple and interference in the signal, provide a more stable DC output, or protect subsequent circuits from unintentional interference, thereby improving the reliability of the charging process.

[0036] This invention is not limited to the description in the specification and embodiments. Therefore, other advantages and modifications can be readily realized by those skilled in the art. Thus, without departing from the spirit and scope of the general concept as defined by the claims and their equivalents, this invention is not limited to the specific details, representative devices and illustrated examples shown and described herein.

Claims

1. A charging process monitoring circuit, characterized in that, include: Charging status recognition circuit, charging current sensing circuit, charging current detection circuit, and microprocessor; The charging status identification circuit is electrically connected to the charging current sensing circuit and the microprocessor; the charging current sensing circuit is electrically connected to the charging current detection circuit; and the charging current detection circuit is electrically connected to the microprocessor. The charging status identification circuit includes resistors R1, R2, and R4, a polarized capacitor C1, and a bidirectional TVS diode array D2. The input power supply CHARGE+ of the lithium battery charger is electrically connected to the first terminal of resistor R4, the positive terminal of polarized capacitor C1, the first terminal of bidirectional TVS diode array D2, the charging current sensing circuit, and the first terminal of resistor R2. The second terminal of resistor R4 is electrically connected to the negative terminal of polarized capacitor C1, the second terminal of bidirectional TVS diode array D2, and the charging current sensing circuit. The second terminal of resistor R2 is electrically connected to the first terminal of the light-emitting end of the opto-isolator, and the second terminal of the light-emitting end of the opto-isolator is grounded. The first end of the resistor R1 is electrically connected to an external 3.3V power supply, the second end of the resistor R1 is electrically connected to the first end of the light-receiving end of the opto-isolator U1 and electrically connected to the microprocessor, and the second end of the light-receiving end of the opto-isolator U1 is grounded.

2. The charging process monitoring circuit as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The charging current sensing circuit includes a charging current sensing amplifier chip U2, a filter capacitor C3, a resistor R3, a resistor R6, and a diode D1. The first end of the resistor R4 is also electrically connected to the VIN+ pin of the charging current sensing amplifier chip U2 and the first end of the resistor R3. The second end of the resistor R3 is electrically connected to the VIN- pin of the charging current sensing amplifier chip U2, the anode of the diode D1, the V+ pin of the charging current sensing amplifier chip U2 and the first end of the filter capacitor C3. The cathode of the diode D1 is electrically connected to the lithium battery BAT. The second end of resistor R4 is also electrically connected to the second end of filter capacitor C3 of the charging current sensing circuit, the GND pin of charging current sensing amplifier chip U2, and resistor R6. Resistor R6 is electrically connected to the OUT pin of charging current sensing amplifier chip U2.

3. The charging process monitoring circuit as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The charging current detection circuit includes capacitor C4, bidirectional TVS diode array D3, resistor R5, operational amplifier U1B, and capacitor C2. The first end of the capacitor C4 is electrically connected to the OUT pin of the charging current sensing amplifier chip U2 of the charging current sensing circuit, the first end of the bidirectional TVS diode array D3, and the positive input terminal (+) of the operational amplifier U2B. The second end of the capacitor C4 is electrically connected to the second end of the bidirectional TVS diode array D3 and the resistor R6 and grounded. The inverting input terminal (-) of the operational amplifier U2B is electrically connected to the output terminal of the operational amplifier U2B and the first terminal of the resistor R5. The second terminal of the resistor R5 is electrically connected to the first terminal of the capacitor C2 and the microprocessor. The second terminal of the capacitor C2 is grounded.

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