A vertical machining clamp for a pin shaft workpiece

Abstract

A vertical machining fixture for pin-type workpieces includes a base frame, a rotary table, a tailstock, a bridge frame, and a clamping base. The rotary table and tailstock are coaxially opposite each other on the base frame. The two sides of the bridge frame are connected to the rotary table and tailstock respectively. The clamping base is mounted on the bridge frame and has at least one machining station. Each machining station is equipped with a circumferential positioning block, an axial positioning seat, an axial movement mechanism, and a clamping mechanism. The fixture is placed on the worktable of a vertical machining center. A robot arm places the pin-type workpiece onto the circumferential positioning seat. The axial movement mechanism pushes and pulls the pin-type workpiece onto the axial positioning seat for axial positioning. The clamping mechanism clamps the pin-type workpiece onto the circumferential positioning block. Rotating the rotary table allows the bridge frame, clamping base, and pin-type workpiece to be in a horizontal or vertical position on the rotary table and tailstock for radial hole or end face machining. This fixture facilitates workpiece rotation via the rotary table, ensuring the workpiece is in a horizontal or vertical position, thus improving machining efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to a clamping tool for machining pin-type workpieces on a vertical machining center, belonging to the field of pin-type workpiece machining technology. Background Technology

[0002] Pins are standardized fasteners commonly used in engineering machinery. They are mainly used to form hinge connections between two parts, allowing for both static fixation and relative movement between the connected parts. The machining process of pins involves multiple machining steps, including radial, axial, threaded, and milling operations, requiring process transfer (process switching). Each process switching requires clamping.

[0003] Although the structure of pins in engineering machinery is not complex, they are difficult to clamp during machining, which brings great difficulties to the machining of pins. Sequential machining also results in low machining efficiency and may even affect the accuracy of the holes. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention addresses the shortcomings of existing clamping techniques in the machining of pin shafts by providing a vertical machining fixture for pin shaft workpieces that allows for quick and convenient clamping and machining.

[0005] The vertical machining fixture for pin-type workpieces of this utility model adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] The fixture includes a base frame, a turntable, a tailstock, a bridge frame, and a clamping base. The turntable and tailstock are coaxially opposite each other on the base frame. The two sides of the bridge frame are connected to the turntable and tailstock respectively. The clamping base is mounted on the bridge frame and has at least one machining station. Each machining station is equipped with a circumferential positioning block, an axial positioning seat, an axial moving mechanism, and a clamping mechanism. The circumferential positioning block is mounted on the clamping base and is used to position the pin-shaped workpiece in the radial direction. The axial positioning seat is mounted on the clamping base and is used to position the pin-shaped workpiece in the axial direction along its length. The axial moving mechanism is mounted on the clamping base and is used to push and pull the pin-shaped workpiece to the axial positioning seat to achieve axial positioning. The clamping mechanism is mounted on the clamping base and is used to press the pin-shaped workpiece onto the circumferential positioning block to achieve positioning and clamping.

[0007] The turntable is a four-axis turntable, and the tailstock is a disc tailstock, both of which are existing technologies.

[0008] The two sides of the cable tray are connected to the turntable and the tailstock respectively by L-shaped plates, and the cable tray can rotate with the turntable and the tailstock.

[0009] The circumferential positioning block is provided with a V-shaped groove. The positioning surface (side of the V-shaped groove) of the V-shaped groove is provided with teeth, which have the function of centering and pressing.

[0010] The number of circumferential positioning blocks is 1-2, depending on the length of the pin-type workpiece.

[0011] An axial positioning baffle is connected to the axial positioning seat. The axial positioning baffle is connected to the axial positioning seat by adjusting bolts to adjust the front and rear position of the axial positioning baffle on the axial positioning seat.

[0012] The axial movement mechanism includes a push-pull cylinder and a push-pull plate. The push-pull cylinder is mounted on a clamping seat, and the push-pull plate is connected to the piston rod of the push-pull cylinder. The push-pull plate and the axial positioning seat are located on the front and rear sides of the circumferential positioning block, respectively.

[0013] The clamping mechanism includes a rotary pressing cylinder and a pressing block. The rotary pressing cylinder is mounted on a clamping base, and the pressing block is connected to the piston rod of the rotary pressing cylinder. The piston rod of the rotary pressing cylinder drives the pressing block to rotate above the pin-type workpiece, and then presses the workpiece downward.

[0014] The base frame is equipped with an oil passage block to fix the oil pipe of the oil cylinder.

[0015] The entire fixture is placed on the worktable of the vertical machining center. A robot arm places the pin-type workpiece onto the circumferential locating seat, restricting its X-axis movement and rotation, Y-axis rotational orientation, and Z-axis movement and rotation. An axial movement mechanism pushes and pulls the pin-type workpiece onto the axial locating seat, achieving axial positioning. A clamping mechanism then clamps the pin-type workpiece onto the circumferential locating block, achieving positioning and clamping. Rotating the turntable allows the bridge, clamping seat, and pin-type workpiece to be in a horizontal or vertical position on the turntable and tailstock. In a horizontal position, radial holes on the pin-type workpiece can be machined; in a vertical position, the upward-facing end of the pin-type workpiece can be machined (e.g., threads, holes, and flat plates).

[0016] This invention utilizes a turntable to flip the workpiece, placing it in both horizontal and vertical positions. This solves the problem of manual workpiece flipping affecting processing speed and accuracy, thus improving processing efficiency. The positioning structure is reasonable and innovatively designed, resolving the rotation issues during pin machining and the machining of large threaded holes. It facilitates clamping during pin machining, achieving rapid positioning and reliable clamping. It also enables multi-station machining, significantly improving the efficiency of pin-type workpiece machining. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the vertical machining fixture for pin-type workpieces according to this utility model.

[0018] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the tailstock structure in this utility model.

[0019] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the clamping frame in this utility model.

[0020] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the circumferential positioning block in this utility model.

[0021] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the axial positioning seat in this utility model.

[0022] In the diagram: 1. Hydraulic block, 2. Elevating block, 3. Base frame, 4. Turntable L-shaped plate, 5. Bridge frame, 6. Tailstock L-shaped plate, 7. Rotary cylinder, 8. Push-pull cylinder, 9. Axial positioning seat, 10. Clamping seat, 11. Pressure block, 12. Circumferential positioning block, 13. Axial positioning baffle, 14. Four-axis turntable, 15. Disc tailstock, 16. Worktable, 17. Push-pull plate. Detailed Implementation

[0023] like Figure 1 As shown, the vertical machining fixture for pin-type workpieces of this utility model includes a base frame 3, a rotary table 14, a tailstock 15, a bridge frame 5, and a clamping base 10. The base frame 3 is equipped with lifting rings to hoist the entire fixture onto the worktable 16 of the machine tool (vertical machining center). The rotary table 14 is a four-axis rotary table, which is existing technology. The tailstock 15 is a disc tailstock, which is existing technology. This tailstock has a disc-type brake locking structure inside, which can lock the position by hydraulic or pneumatic means. Its structure is described in detail below. Figure 2 A four-axis rotary table 14 is mounted on one side of the base frame 3 via a shim block 2, and a disc tailstock 15 is mounted on the other side. The four-axis rotary table 14 and the disc tailstock 15 are coaxially aligned and opposite each other. An L-shaped plate 4 is mounted on the four-axis rotary table 14, and an L-shaped tailstock plate 6 is mounted on the disc tailstock. The two ends of the bridge frame 5 are respectively mounted on the horizontal surfaces of the L-shaped plate 4 and the L-shaped plate 6. The bridge frame 5 can rotate with the four-axis rotary table 14 and the tailstock 15. The four-axis rotary table 14 serves to flip the workpiece, shortening the cycle time and improving machining accuracy caused by manual workpiece flipping, thus increasing machining efficiency.

[0024] See Figure 3 The cable tray 5 is equipped with a clamping base 10, which has at least one processing station. Each processing station is equipped with a circumferential positioning block 12, an axial positioning seat 9, an axial moving mechanism, and a clamping mechanism. The circumferential positioning block 12 is installed on the clamping base 10 and is used to position the pin-type workpiece in the radial direction to prevent it from moving radially. The axial positioning seat 9 is installed on the clamping base 10 and is used to position the pin-type workpiece in the axial direction along its length to prevent it from moving axially. The axial moving mechanism is set on the clamping base 10 and is used to push and pull the pin-type workpiece to the axial positioning seat 9 to achieve axial positioning. The clamping mechanism is set on the clamping base 10 and is used to press the pin-type workpiece onto the circumferential positioning block 12 to achieve positioning and clamping. Figure 1 and Figure 3The system has two machining stations, one on the left and one on the right, which share a set of axial positioning seats 9 and axial moving mechanisms.

[0025] See Figure 4 The circumferential positioning block 12 is provided with a V-groove, and its positioning surface (the side of the V-groove) is toothed with distributed teeth, which has a centering and clamping function. Depending on the outer diameter of the pin-type workpiece, circumferential positioning blocks 12 of different sizes with V-grooves can be manufactured. By replacing the circumferential positioning blocks 12, the entire fixture can be compatible with pin-type workpieces of different outer diameters. Depending on the length of the pin-type workpiece, the number of circumferential positioning blocks 12 used at each machining station can be selected, generally 1-2.

[0026] See Figure 5 An axial positioning baffle 13 is bolted to the axial positioning seat 9. The axial positioning seat 9 is fixed on the clamping seat 10. The front and rear positions of the axial positioning baffle 13 on the axial positioning seat 9 can be adjusted by connecting bolts.

[0027] See Figure 1 and Figure 3 The axial movement mechanism includes a push-pull cylinder 8 and a push-pull plate 17. The push-pull cylinder 8 is mounted on the clamping seat 10, and the push-pull plate 17 is connected to the piston rod of the push-pull cylinder 8. The axial positioning baffle 13 and the push-pull plate 17 are located on the front and rear sides of the circumferential positioning block 12, respectively. After the push-pull cylinder 8 is energized, its piston rod drives the push-pull plate 17 to move, pushing the pin-type workpiece on the circumferential positioning block 12 towards the axial positioning baffle 13, thereby achieving axial positioning of the pin-type workpiece. The movement of the push-pull plate 17 enables the pin-type workpiece to be accommodating different lengths.

[0028] See Figure 1 and Figure 3 The clamping mechanism includes a rotary pressing cylinder 7 and a clamping block 11. The rotary pressing cylinder 7 is mounted on the clamping base 10, which is existing technology. Its piston rod (rotor) rotates first and then presses down. The clamping block 11 is connected to the piston rod (rotor) of the rotary pressing cylinder 7. The bottom surface of the clamping block 11 (the side in contact with the workpiece) is toothed, which increases the clamping force and ensures that the workpiece does not rotate during processing. After the rotary pressing cylinder 7 is energized, its piston rod drives the clamping block 11 to rotate above the pin-type workpiece, and then presses the workpiece down, so that the pin-type workpiece is stably fixed in the positioning position (in the V-groove of the positioning block 12), ensuring absolute safety of the machine tool and cutting tools during machine processing and improving production efficiency.

[0029] See Figure 1 An oil passage block 1 is provided on the outside of the raised block 2 on the base frame 3 to fix the oil pipes of the rotary cylinder 7 and the push-pull cylinder 8.

[0030] The process by which the above-mentioned fixture positions the pin-type workpiece is as follows.

[0031] The entire fixture is hoisted onto the worktable 16 of the vertical machining center using the lifting rings on the base frame 3, and the pin-type workpieces are then machined on the vertical machining center.

[0032] The robotic arm places the pin-shaped workpiece onto the circumferential positioning block 12, restricting its X-axis movement and rotation, Y-axis rotational orientation, and Z-axis movement and rotation. The push-pull cylinder 8 actuates, pushing the pin-shaped workpiece from back to front to the axial positioning baffle 13 via the push-pull plate 17, thus positioning it along the Y-axis. The rotary pressing cylinder 7 is then energized, clamping the workpiece via the pressure block 11, ensuring it is fully clamped. The following processing is then performed.

[0033] 1. Radial hole machining

[0034] The four-axis rotary table 14 does not rotate. The bridge frame 5 and its clamping seat 10 are in a horizontal state on the four-axis rotary table 14 and tailstock 16. At this time, the pin-type workpiece is also in a horizontal state. The position is locked by the disc tailstock 15, and the radial hole on the pin-type workpiece is machined by the vertical machining center.

[0035] 2. Process one end

[0036] Rotate the four-axis rotary table 14 by 90° (clockwise) to make the bridge frame 5 and the clamping seat 10 on it vertical. At this time, the pin-type workpiece is also vertical. Lock the position by the disc tailstock 15, and the vertical machining center machine tool will process the upward end of the pin-type workpiece (such as threads and flat plates).

[0037] 3. Process the other end

[0038] Rotate the four-axis rotary table 14 by -90° (counterclockwise) to make the bridge frame 5 and the clamping seat 10 on it vertical. At this time, the pin-type workpiece is also vertical, with the unprocessed end facing upward. Lock the position by the disc tailstock 15, and the vertical machining center machine tool processes the other end of the pin-type workpiece (such as holes and flat plates).

[0039] After machining is completed, the four-axis rotary table 14 rotates to a horizontal position; all hydraulic cylinders are released, and the robotic arm removes the workpiece, thus ending one machining cycle. The four-axis rotary table 14 serves to flip the workpiece, shortening the cycle time and machining accuracy affected by manual workpiece flipping, and improving machining efficiency.

Claims

1. A vertical machining fixture for pin-type workpieces, characterized in that: It includes a base frame, a turntable, a tailstock, a bridge frame, and a clamping seat. The turntable and tailstock are coaxially arranged opposite each other on the base frame. The two sides of the bridge frame are respectively connected to the turntable and the tailstock. The clamping seat is set on the bridge frame. The clamping seat has at least one machining station. Each machining station is equipped with a circumferential positioning block, an axial positioning seat, an axial moving mechanism, and a clamping mechanism.

2. The vertical machining fixture for pin-type workpieces according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two sides of the bridge frame are connected to the turntable and the tailstock respectively by L-shaped plates.

3. The vertical machining fixture for pin-type workpieces according to claim 1, characterized in that: The circumferential positioning block is provided with a V-shaped groove.

4. The vertical machining fixture for pin-type workpieces according to claim 3, characterized in that: The positioning surface of the V-groove is toothed.

5. The vertical machining fixture for pin-type workpieces according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of circumferential positioning blocks is 1-2.

6. The vertical machining fixture for pin-type workpieces according to claim 1, characterized in that: An axial positioning baffle is connected to the axial positioning seat.

7. The vertical machining fixture for pin-type workpieces according to claim 6, characterized in that: The axial positioning baffle is connected to the axial positioning seat by adjusting bolts.

8. The vertical machining fixture for pin-type workpieces according to claim 1, characterized in that: The axial movement mechanism includes a push-pull cylinder and a push-pull plate. The push-pull cylinder is mounted on a clamping seat, and the push-pull plate is connected to the piston rod of the push-pull cylinder.

9. The vertical machining fixture for pin-type workpieces according to claim 8, characterized in that: The push-pull plate and the axial positioning seat are located on the front and rear sides of the circumferential positioning block, respectively.

10. The vertical machining fixture for pin-type workpieces according to claim 1, characterized in that: The clamping mechanism includes a rotary pressing cylinder and a pressing block. The rotary pressing cylinder is mounted on a clamping seat, and the pressing block is connected to the piston rod of the rotary pressing cylinder.

Images