A nozzle plate

Abstract

The utility model provides a kind of injection disc.The utility model's injection disc one side is used to be connected with spray pipe, the other side is used to form liquid collecting cavity with cover plate cooperation, it at least includes: injection disc main body and butt flange;The circumferential periphery of the injection disc main body is provided with barrel type structure in circle center position, for spark plug installation;The butt flange is set to the circumferential periphery of the injection disc main body, for being connected with spray pipe;The injection disc main body is double-layer panel structure with sealed cavity, multiple connecting columns are equipped in the cavity, the connecting column is evenly distributed and is connected between the upper layer panel and the lower layer panel;Wherein, at least part connecting column is equipped with injection hole that penetrates the upper layer panel and the lower layer panel, the injection hole is used to communicate liquid collecting cavity and spray pipe;The upper layer panel and the lower layer panel are equipped with cooling hole that is communicated to the cavity, the cooling hole is used to communicate liquid collecting cavity, the cavity and spray pipe.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of aerospace launch vehicle engine technology, and in particular to an injection disc. Background Technology

[0002] Liquid oxygen and liquid methane propellant combinations have shown broad application prospects in attitude control propulsion systems of next-generation launch vehicles and spacecraft due to their outstanding advantages such as high specific impulse, good space storage characteristics, non-toxicity and environmental friendliness, and low cost. They are an ideal solution to replace traditional toxic and self-igniting propellants (such as nitrogen tetroxide / hydrazine).

[0003] Because the propellant flow rate of the attitude control engine is extremely small, the cryogenic liquid oxygen / liquid methane is very likely to absorb ambient heat and vaporize during the transportation process, which may lead to unstable flow and threaten the reliable operation of the engine.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need to improve the injection disc to meet the requirements for stable operation of the attitude control engine. Utility Model Content

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, this utility model proposes an injection plate with a double-layer panel structure. Liquid methane is introduced into the interlayer (cavity) and vaporized to form a gas film cooling in the main area and the side area.

[0006] The injection disc provided by this utility model has one side for connecting to a nozzle and the other side for cooperating with a cover plate to form a liquid collection chamber. The injection disc of this utility model includes at least an injection disc body and a docking flange; a cylindrical structure is provided at the center of the injection disc body for spark plug installation; the docking flange is located on the circumferential periphery of the injection disc body for connecting to the nozzle; the injection disc body is a double-layer panel structure with a sealed cavity, and multiple connecting posts are provided within the cavity, evenly distributed between the upper and lower panels; at least some of the connecting posts have injection holes penetrating the upper and lower panels, the injection holes for connecting the liquid collection chamber and the nozzle; both the upper and lower panels have cooling holes communicating with the cavity, the cooling holes for connecting the liquid collection chamber, the cavity, and the nozzle.

[0007] In one embodiment, the upper and lower panels of the double-layer panel structure are stepped structures that cooperate with each other.

[0008] In one embodiment, the injection disc body protrudes relative to the mating flange toward the side for mounting the nozzle.

[0009] In one embodiment, the outer end face of the upper panel is provided with a first annular groove and a second annular groove along the radial coaxial direction; the first annular groove is used to cooperate with the oxygen chamber cover plate to form a liquid oxygen collection chamber, and the second annular groove is used to cooperate with the methane chamber cover plate to form a liquid methane collection chamber.

[0010] In one embodiment, the bottom of the first annular groove is a stepped structure in which the outer ring is higher than the inner ring; the bottom of the second annular groove is a stepped structure in which the inner ring is higher than the outer ring.

[0011] In one embodiment, the injection holes include liquid oxygen injection holes formed in the first annular groove and liquid methane injection holes formed in the second annular groove; the liquid oxygen injection holes are evenly distributed in the inner and outer rings of the first annular groove, wherein the number of liquid oxygen injection holes in the outer ring is 2 to 3 times that in the inner ring; the liquid methane injection holes are evenly distributed in the inner and outer rings of the second annular groove, wherein the number of liquid methane injection holes in the outer ring is 2 to 3 times that in the inner ring.

[0012] In one embodiment, the cooling holes include liquid film cooling holes and gas film cooling holes; the liquid film cooling holes are evenly distributed in the inner ring of the second annular groove and are used to connect the second annular groove and the cavity; the gas film cooling holes are evenly distributed in the inner and outer rings of the lower panel and are used to connect the cavity and the nozzle.

[0013] In one embodiment, the air film cooling holes include main area air film cooling holes formed in the inner ring of the lower panel and edge area air film cooling holes formed in the outer ring of the lower panel.

[0014] In one embodiment, the liquid oxygen injection hole and the liquid methane injection hole are both pointed at the same focal region at a certain angle, so that the injected liquid oxygen and liquid methane collide in the focal region.

[0015] In any of the above embodiments, the diameter of the cooling hole is larger than the diameter of the injection hole.

[0016] The injection disc provided by this utility model has at least one of the following beneficial effects:

[0017] I. This utility model designs the injection disc as a double-layer panel structure. By introducing liquid methane into the interlayer (cavity), it vaporizes and forms a gas film cooling in the main area and the side area, which can simultaneously meet the cooling requirements of the spark plug and the nozzle, and at the same time effectively suppress the vaporization caused by the propellant absorbing ambient heat during the delivery process.

[0018] Second, the cooling structure (cavity structure) of the double-layer panel of this utility model isolates the liquid oxygen collection chamber and the liquid methane collection chamber from heat vaporization, ensuring that the liquid oxygen and liquid methane in the collection chamber always remain in a liquid state, and realizing the transition process from gaseous to liquid state as soon as possible during the engine ignition and start-up phase, thereby ensuring the rapid start-up and stable operation of the engine.

[0019] Third, this utility model sets the panel of the injection plate in a stepped form, so that the injection plate is farther away from the high-temperature reflux zone generated by combustion. Compared with the traditional flat panel structure, this utility model can effectively avoid structural ablation damage to the panel due to excessive heat load.

[0020] Upon reading the detailed embodiments and examining the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art will recognize additional features and advantages. Attached Figure Description

[0021] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0022] Figure 1 This is a top view of the injection disc according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Cross-sectional view along the AA direction;

[0024] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 Cross-sectional view along the BB direction;

[0025] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of an injector composed of an injection disc according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0027] 1. Injection plate body; 11. Upper panel; 12. Lower panel; 13. Connecting column; 2. Docking flange; 3. Liquid oxygen collection chamber; 31. Oxygen chamber cover plate; 4. Liquid methane collection chamber; 41. Methane chamber cover plate; 51. Liquid oxygen injection hole; 52. Liquid methane injection hole; 61. Liquid film cooling hole; 62. Main zone gas film cooling hole; 62. Side zone gas film cooling hole; 71. Liquid oxygen valve seat; 72. Liquid methane valve seat; 8. Spark plug. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The features and exemplary embodiments of various aspects of this utility model will be described in detail below. To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this utility model clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only configured to explain this utility model and to exemplarily illustrate the principles of this utility model, and are not configured to limit this utility model. In addition, the structural components in the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale. For example, the dimensions of some structural components or regions in the drawings may be enlarged for other structural components or regions to aid in the understanding of the embodiments of this utility model.

[0029] The directional terms used in the following description refer to the directions shown in the figures and are not intended to limit the specific structure of the embodiments of this utility model. In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that, unless otherwise stated, the terms "installation," "connection," and "joining" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model according to the specific circumstances.

[0030] Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a structure or component that includes a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other structural elements that are not expressly listed or inherent to the structure or component. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the article or apparatus that includes the element.

[0031] Spatial relation terms such as "below," "under," "under," "low," "above," "on," and "high" are used for descriptive convenience to explain the positioning of one element relative to a second element, indicating that these terms are intended to cover different orientations of the device, in addition to those different from those shown in the figure. Furthermore, phrases such as "one element on / below another element" can indicate that two elements are in direct contact, or that there are other elements between the two elements. In addition, terms such as "first" and "second" are also used to describe individual elements, areas, parts, etc., and should not be considered limiting. Similar terms are used throughout the description to refer to similar elements.

[0032] For those skilled in the art, this invention can be implemented without some of these specific details. The following description of the embodiments is merely intended to provide a better understanding of the invention by illustrating examples.

[0033] This invention provides an injection disc suitable for 3D printing and applicable to the injector of a low-thrust (low-flow) liquid oxygen-methane dual-component attitude control engine. One side of the injection disc connects to the nozzle, and the other side mates with a cover plate to form a liquid collection chamber. It is worth noting that the following description of this invention will be based on the assumption that the injection disc and nozzle are already connected, and that liquid oxygen and liquid methane are used as examples of cryogenic propellants.

[0034] See Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 The injection disc of this utility model includes at least an injection disc body 1 and a docking flange 2. The injection disc body 1 has a cylindrical structure at its center for spark plug installation. The docking flange 2 is fixedly disposed on the circumferential periphery of the injection disc body 1. A nozzle (not shown in the figure) has a nozzle flange that matches the docking flange 2. After the nozzle flange and the docking flange 2 are properly fitted, they are connected by bolts, thereby achieving the connection between the nozzle and the injection disc body. In this embodiment, the injection disc body 1 is a double-layer panel structure (including an upper panel 11 and a lower panel 12) with a sealed cavity A. Multiple connecting posts 13 are provided within the cavity A, evenly distributed between the upper panel 11 and the lower panel 12, for supporting and maintaining the cavity A. At least some of the connecting posts 13 have injection holes penetrating the upper panel 11 and the lower panel 12, which connect the liquid collection chamber and the nozzle. In other words, injection holes are provided at the location of the liquid collection chamber on the injection plate and on the connecting column 12 corresponding to the liquid collection chamber, so that the propellant in the liquid collection chamber can be directly injected into the nozzle through the injection holes.

[0035] In addition, both the upper and lower panels in this embodiment are provided with cooling holes that connect to cavity A. These cooling holes connect the liquid collection chamber, cavity A, and the nozzle, allowing some of the propellant in the liquid collection chamber to enter cavity A through the cooling holes to cool the injection disk body before being injected into the nozzle. The liquid methane and liquid oxygen ejected from the injection holes are atomized upon impact in the nozzle and ignited by the electric spark from the spark plug, thus initiating operation. The injection disk body 1 is heated by the heat load generated by combustion, causing the propellant entering cavity A to continuously vaporize and be ejected from the cooling holes. The ejected propellant is used to cool the spark plug (located at the center of the injection disk near the nozzle) and the nozzle, preventing component burn-out and improving product reliability.

[0036] In this embodiment, the connecting column 13 has a dual function: firstly, it supports and maintains the structure of cavity A; secondly, it enables direct communication between the liquid collection chamber and the nozzle.

[0037] After the engine is ignited, some of the propellant absorbs heat and vaporizes. The function of the cavity in this embodiment is to shorten the duration of the propellant vaporization phase, so as to achieve the transition process from the gaseous state to the liquid state as quickly as possible, thereby ensuring the engine starts quickly and operates stably.

[0038] See also Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 In the above embodiments, to avoid adding an additional torch ignition structure and to optimize the overall engine layout, the spark plug 8 can be installed at the center of the injection plate body 1 via a threaded connection. The ignition component of the spark plug 8 is positioned close to the nozzle side to ignite the atomized propellant (such as oxygen and methane) in the nozzle after an electric spark is generated.

[0039] Furthermore, in the above embodiments, the double-layer panel structure of the injection disk body 1 can be a stepped structure. For example, the upper panel 11 and the lower panel 12 are stepped structures that cooperate with each other, forming a stepped cavity A. In this embodiment, the panel structure of the injection disk body 1 is designed in a "stepped" form, which keeps it far away from the high-temperature recirculation zone generated by combustion. Compared with the traditional flat panel structure, the stepped injection disk of this embodiment can effectively avoid structural ablation damage to the injection disk panel due to excessive heat load.

[0040] The injection disc in this embodiment can be manufactured using 3D printing. The 3D-printed double-layer panel structure injection disc is suitable for low-thrust (low-flow) cryogenic liquid oxygen / methane attitude control engines. It effectively suppresses the thermal vaporization of liquid oxygen / methane at low flow rates, thereby achieving a stable flow supply and enabling a rapid transition from gaseous to liquid state during startup, allowing for rapid engine start-up. During stable operation, the vaporized methane within the interlayer cools the spark plugs and nozzle inner walls, preventing component structural erosion and improving the reliability of the attitude control engine.

[0041] In one embodiment, the injection disc body 1 and the docking flange 2 are integrally formed by 3D printing. The injection disc body 1 protrudes relative to the docking flange 2 toward the side where the nozzle is installed. The purpose of this is that after the injection disc body 1 is connected to the nozzle through the docking flange 2, the bottom end of the injection disc body 1 can be completely inserted into the nozzle, thereby ensuring that the propellant injected through the injection hole is impact-atomized inside the nozzle.

[0042] See Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4In one embodiment, the outer end face of the upper panel 11 is provided with a first annular groove and a second annular groove along the radial coaxial direction. The first annular groove is used to cooperate with the oxygen chamber cover plate 31 to form a liquid oxygen collecting chamber 3, and the second annular groove is used to cooperate with the methane chamber cover plate 41 to form a liquid methane collecting chamber 4. In this embodiment, both the oxygen chamber cover plate 31 and the methane chamber cover plate 41 can be fixed above the injection plate body 1 by brazing or laser welding. This embodiment abandons the traditional method of independently welding or installing the collecting chambers, and creatively "embeds" the two collecting chambers into the end face structure of the upper panel. This integrated design greatly simplifies the overall structure and reduces the number of parts and connection interfaces. When assembling the collecting chambers, it is only necessary to align and tighten the oxygen chamber cover plate and the methane chamber cover plate with the corresponding annular grooves respectively. The assembly process is simple and clear, reduces cumulative errors, facilitates standardization and mass production, and effectively reduces manufacturing costs.

[0043] Furthermore, in one embodiment, the bottom of the first annular groove has a stepped structure where the outer ring is higher than the inner ring, and the bottom of the second annular groove has a stepped structure where the inner ring is higher than the outer ring. That is, the location of the wall between the first and second annular grooves is the high point of the stepped injection disk in this embodiment. Since this location is between the liquid oxygen collecting chamber 3 and the liquid methane collecting chamber 4, it is typically the closest point to the combustible material inside the nozzle. Therefore, this embodiment uses a stepped design to keep this location away from the combustible material inside the nozzle.

[0044] See also Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 Furthermore, in the above embodiment, the injection holes include liquid oxygen injection holes 51 formed in the first annular groove and liquid methane injection holes 52 formed in the second annular groove. The liquid oxygen injection holes 51 are evenly distributed in the inner and outer rings of the bottom of the first annular groove, with 8 to 10 holes in the inner ring and 2 to 3 times the number in the outer ring. The liquid methane injection holes 52 are evenly distributed in the inner and outer rings of the bottom of the second annular groove, with 8 to 10 holes in the inner ring and 2 to 3 times the number in the outer ring. Both the liquid oxygen injection holes 51 and the liquid methane injection holes 52 are pointed at the same focal region at a certain angle, so that the injected liquid oxygen and liquid methane collide in this focal region.

[0045] To optimize the mixing effect, simulation and experimental verification showed that the included angle between the opening axis of the liquid oxygen injection orifice and the nozzle axis was designed to be between 30° and 50°, and the included angle between the opening axis of the liquid methane injection orifice and the nozzle axis was designed to be between 30° and 50°. Preferably, in this embodiment, the included angle between the opening axis of the liquid oxygen injection orifice and the nozzle axis is 36°, and the included angle between the opening axis of the liquid methane injection orifice and the nozzle axis is 40°.

[0046] In this embodiment, the liquid oxygen injection port 51 connects the liquid oxygen collection chamber, the corresponding connecting column inner cavity, and the nozzle, while the liquid methane injection port 52 connects the liquid methane collection chamber, the corresponding connecting column inner cavity, and the nozzle. The liquid oxygen and methane ejected through the liquid oxygen injection port 51 and the liquid methane injection port 52 are atomized upon impact in the focal region within the nozzle and then ignited by an electric spark emitted from the spark plug installed on the injection plate.

[0047] In one embodiment, the cooling holes include liquid film cooling holes 61 disposed on the upper panel 11 and gas film cooling holes (including main area gas film cooling holes 62 and side area gas film cooling holes 63) disposed on the lower panel. The liquid film cooling holes 61 are evenly distributed in the inner ring of the second annular groove and are used to connect the liquid methane collection chamber 4 and the cavity A. The main area gas film cooling holes 62 are evenly distributed in the inner ring of the lower panel 12, and the side area gas film cooling holes 63 are evenly distributed in the outer ring of the lower panel 12. Both the main area gas film cooling holes 62 and the side area gas film cooling holes 63 are used to connect the cavity A and the nozzle.

[0048] It should be noted that the liquid film cooling holes 61 and a portion of the liquid methane injection holes 52 are both distributed within the inner ring of the second annular groove, with an overlapping distribution. The diameter of the liquid film cooling holes 61 is larger than the diameter of the liquid methane injection holes 52. This embodiment uses differentiated hole diameters to make the diameter of the liquid methane injection holes 52 smaller, thus precisely controlling the flow rate. The larger diameter of the liquid film cooling holes 61 ensures a sufficient supply of cooling medium. This design aims to achieve targeted functional allocation, thereby optimizing injection performance while ensuring cooling effectiveness.

[0049] Furthermore, the film cooling holes include main film cooling holes 62 located near the inner ring of the lower panel 12, and side film cooling holes 63 located on the outer ring of the lower panel 12. The number of main film cooling holes 62 is generally 20 to 25, and the number of side film cooling holes 63 is generally 2 to 3 times that of the main film cooling holes 62. In this embodiment, the main film cooling holes 62 are circumferentially distributed on the inner ring of the lower panel 12, and the side film cooling holes 63 are circumferentially distributed on the outer ring of the lower panel 12. At least a portion of the liquid methane entering cavity A through the liquid film cooling holes 61 is ejected through the main film cooling holes 62 to cool the spark plug installed on the cylindrical structure, and the remaining portion of the methane ejected through the side film cooling holes 63 is used to cool the nozzle.

[0050] like Figure 1 As shown, in the above embodiment, the lower panel of the injection disk body 1 is radially distributed from the inside out with main area gas film cooling holes 62, liquid oxygen injection holes 51, liquid methane injection holes 52 and side area gas film cooling holes 63.

[0051] See Figure 4In this embodiment, one side of the injection disc (one side of the lower panel) is used to connect to the nozzle, and the other side is used to receive propellant from the storage tank to fill the liquid oxygen collection chamber 3 and the liquid methane collection chamber 4. Typically, a liquid oxygen valve seat 71 and a liquid methane valve seat 72 can be installed on the other side of the injection disc. The liquid oxygen collection chamber 3 is connected to the liquid oxygen storage tank via the liquid oxygen valve seat 71, and the liquid methane collection chamber 4 is connected to the liquid methane storage tank via the liquid methane valve seat 72. In this embodiment, the liquid oxygen valve seat 71 and the liquid methane valve seat 72 are fixed to the oxygen chamber cover plate 31, the methane chamber cover plate 41, and the injection disc of this embodiment, respectively, by argon arc welding or laser welding, thereby forming the injector. Figure 4 The middle arrow indicates the flow direction of liquid oxygen and liquid methane when the injector is working.

[0052] It is worth noting that the gas film cooling medium used in the above embodiments is liquid methane. Liquid oxygen can also be used as the gas film cooling medium by entering the cavity. It is only necessary to adapt the liquid film cooling holes to the bottom of the first annular groove (liquid oxygen collection chamber).

[0053] Those skilled in the art will understand that this invention uses liquid oxygen and liquid methane as examples to illustrate the structure and working principle of the injection disk, and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of this invention. For example, the injection disk provided by this invention is also applicable to cryogenic bicomponent non-self-igniting propellant combinations such as liquid oxygen / liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen / kerosene.

[0054] The above embodiments can be combined with each other and have corresponding technical effects.

[0055] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the present utility model. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present utility model should be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A spray plate, one side for connecting to a spray nozzle, and the other side for engaging with a cover plate to form a liquid collection chamber, characterized in that, It includes at least: a spray plate body and a docking flange; the spray plate body has a cylindrical structure at its center for installing a spark plug; the docking flange is located on the circumferential periphery of the spray plate body for connecting to the spray nozzle; The main body of the injection disc is a double-layer panel structure with a sealed cavity. Multiple connecting posts are provided in the cavity, and the connecting posts are evenly distributed between the upper panel and the lower panel. At least some of the connecting columns are provided with injection holes that penetrate the upper panel and the lower panel, and the injection holes are used to connect the liquid collection chamber and the nozzle; Both the upper panel and the lower panel are provided with cooling holes that connect to the cavity. The cooling holes are used to connect the liquid collection chamber, the cavity and the nozzle.

2. The injection disc according to claim 1, characterized in that, The double-layer panel structure has an upper and lower panel that are stepped structures that cooperate with each other.

3. The injection disc according to claim 2, characterized in that, The main body of the injection disc protrudes relative to the docking flange toward the side where the nozzle is installed.

4. The injection disc according to claim 2, characterized in that, The outer end face of the upper panel is provided with a first annular groove and a second annular groove along the radial coaxial direction. The first annular groove is used to cooperate with the oxygen chamber cover plate to form a liquid oxygen collection chamber, and the second annular groove is used to cooperate with the methane chamber cover plate to form a liquid methane collection chamber.

5. The injection disc according to claim 4, characterized in that, The bottom of the first annular groove has a stepped structure where the outer ring is higher than the inner ring; the bottom of the second annular groove has a stepped structure where the inner ring is higher than the outer ring.

6. The injection disc according to claim 5, characterized in that, The injection holes include a liquid oxygen injection hole formed in the first annular groove and a liquid methane injection hole formed in the second annular groove; The liquid oxygen injection holes are evenly distributed in the inner and outer rings of the first annular groove, wherein the number of liquid oxygen injection holes in the outer ring is 2 to 3 times that in the inner ring. The liquid methane injection holes are evenly distributed in the inner and outer rings of the second annular groove, wherein the number of liquid methane injection holes in the outer ring is 2 to 3 times that in the inner ring.

7. The injection disc according to claim 6, characterized in that, The cooling holes include liquid film cooling holes and gas film cooling holes; The liquid film cooling holes are evenly distributed in the inner ring of the second annular groove, and are used to connect the second annular groove and the cavity; The air film cooling holes are evenly distributed on the inner and outer rings of the lower panel, and are used to connect the cavity and the nozzle.

8. The injection disc according to claim 7, characterized in that, The air film cooling holes include main area air film cooling holes formed in the inner ring of the lower panel and edge area air film cooling holes formed in the outer ring of the lower panel.

9. The injection disc according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, The diameter of the cooling hole is larger than the diameter of the injection hole.

10. The injection disc according to claim 6, characterized in that, Both the liquid oxygen injection hole and the liquid methane injection hole are pointed at the same focal region at a certain angle, so that the injected liquid oxygen and liquid methane collide in the focal region.

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