Short-circuit protection circuit, power supply circuit, and circuit system

Abstract

The application provides a short-circuit protection circuit, a power supply circuit and a circuit system, comprising a short-circuit action module and a normal working control module, a first end of the short-circuit action module is a first end of the short-circuit protection circuit and is used for inputting a power supply signal, a second end of the short-circuit action module is electrically connected with a first end of the normal working control module, a second end of the normal working control module is a second end of the short-circuit protection circuit and is used for detecting a short-circuit signal, a third end of the short-circuit action module is electrically connected with a third end of the normal working control module, and a fourth end of the normal working control module is used for grounding. The short-circuit protection circuit provided by the application has simple structure and can reduce cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of circuits, and more specifically, to a short-circuit protection circuit, a power supply circuit, and a circuit system. Background Technology

[0002] Existing protection circuits often employ complex designs to handle short circuits, increasing manufacturing costs and potentially introducing new points of failure, thus affecting overall circuit performance and reliability. For example, using LDO chips with output short-circuit protection or DC-DC power chips with output protection for external power supply is feasible, but these are more expensive and have limited short-circuit protection. While LDO or DC-DC chips can provide short-term protection after a short circuit, prolonged short circuits can lead to irreversible damage, increasing after-sales costs and negatively impacting product stability and quality.

[0003] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a short-circuit protection circuit that can reduce costs. Utility Model Content

[0004] The main objective of this application is to provide a short-circuit protection circuit, a power supply circuit, and a circuit system to solve the problem of how to reduce the cost of short-circuit protection circuits in the prior art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, according to one aspect of this application, a short-circuit protection circuit is provided, comprising a short-circuit action module and a normal operation control module. A first terminal of the short-circuit action module is the first terminal of the short-circuit protection circuit and is used to input a power signal. A second terminal of the short-circuit action module is electrically connected to the first terminal of the normal operation control module. The second terminal of the normal operation control module is the second terminal of the short-circuit protection circuit and is used to detect a short-circuit signal. A third terminal of the short-circuit action module is electrically connected to the third terminal of the normal operation control module. A fourth terminal of the normal operation control module is used for grounding.

[0006] Further, the short-circuit action module includes a first impedance, a second impedance, a third impedance, a first switching device, a fourth impedance, and a fifth impedance. The first terminal of the first impedance, the first terminal of the second impedance, the second terminal of the first switching device, the first terminal of the fourth impedance, and the first terminal of the fifth impedance are electrically connected and constitute the first terminal of the short-circuit action module. The first terminal of the first switching device is electrically connected to the first terminal of the third impedance. The second terminals of the first impedance, the second terminals of the second impedance, and the second terminals of the third impedance are electrically connected and constitute the second terminal of the short-circuit action module. The third terminal of the first switching device, the second terminal of the fourth impedance, and the second terminal of the fifth impedance are electrically connected and constitute the third terminal of the short-circuit action module.

[0007] Furthermore, the first impedance, the second impedance, the third impedance, and the fifth impedance are resistors, the fourth impedance is a capacitor, and the first switching device is a transistor.

[0008] Furthermore, the normal operation control module includes a second switching device, a sixth impedance, a seventh impedance, and a third switching device. The first terminal of the second switching device, the first terminal of the sixth impedance, and the first terminal of the seventh impedance are electrically connected and constitute the third terminal of the normal operation control module. The third terminal of the second switching device is the first terminal of the normal operation control module, and the second terminal of the second switching device is the second terminal of the normal operation control module. The second terminals of the sixth impedance, the second terminal of the seventh impedance, and the third terminal of the third switching device are electrically connected. The second terminal of the third switching device is the fourth terminal of the normal operation control module, and the first terminal of the third switching device is used to input control signals.

[0009] Furthermore, the second and third switching devices are transistors, and the sixth and seventh impedances are resistors.

[0010] Furthermore, the short-circuit protection circuit also includes a data acquisition module, the first end of which is electrically connected to the second end of the normal operation control module, and the second end of which is used for grounding.

[0011] Furthermore, the mining module includes an eighth impedance, a ninth impedance, a tenth impedance, and an eleventh impedance. The first end of the eighth impedance and the first end of the ninth impedance are electrically connected and constitute the first end of the mining module. The second end of the eighth impedance, the first end of the tenth impedance, and the first end of the eleventh impedance are electrically connected. The second end of the ninth impedance, the second end of the tenth impedance, and the second end of the eleventh impedance are electrically connected and constitute the second end of the mining module.

[0012] Furthermore, the eighth and ninth impedances are resistors, and the tenth and eleventh impedances are capacitors.

[0013] To achieve the above objectives, according to one aspect of this application, a power supply circuit is provided, comprising: any of the short-circuit protection circuits described above.

[0014] According to another aspect of this application, a circuit system is provided, comprising: the power supply circuit; and an external circuit electrically connected to the power supply circuit.

[0015] This application provides a short-circuit protection circuit, including a short-circuit action module and a normal operation control module. The first terminal of the short-circuit action module is the first terminal of the short-circuit protection circuit and is used to input a power signal. The second terminal of the short-circuit action module is electrically connected to the first terminal of the normal operation control module, and the second terminal of the normal operation control module is the second terminal of the short-circuit protection circuit and is used to detect a short-circuit signal. The third terminal of the short-circuit action module is electrically connected to the third terminal of the normal operation control module, and the fourth terminal of the normal operation control module is grounded. Upon receiving a short-circuit signal, the short-circuit action module activates, the normal operation control module stops working, and the external output power supply at the second terminal is cut off, protecting the internal circuitry. This can handle prolonged short circuits in the external output voltage. Simultaneously, after the short circuit at the second terminal disappears, the normal operation control module resumes normal operation, restoring the external output power supply. This short-circuit protection circuit has a simple structure and effectively achieves the purpose of short-circuit protection. Attached Figure Description

[0016] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this application, are used to provide a further understanding of this application. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of this application are used to explain this application and do not constitute an undue limitation of this application. In the drawings:

[0017] Figure 1 A circuit diagram of a short-circuit protection circuit according to an embodiment of this application is shown;

[0018] Figure 2 A circuit diagram of another short-circuit protection circuit provided according to an embodiment of this application is shown.

[0019] The above figures include the following reference numerals:

[0020] 10. Short-circuit action module; 11. First impedance; 12. Second impedance; 13. Third impedance; 14. First switching device; 15. Fourth impedance; 16. Fifth impedance; 20. Normal operation control module; 21. Second switching device; 22. Sixth impedance; 23. Seventh impedance; 24. Third switching device; 30. Data acquisition module; 31. Eighth impedance; 32. Ninth impedance; 33. Tenth impedance; 34. Eleventh impedance. Detailed Implementation

[0021] It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are illustrative and intended to provide further explanation of this application. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains.

[0022] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to this application. As used herein, the singular form is intended to include the plural form as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0023] It should be understood that when an element (such as a layer, film, region, or substrate) is described as being "on" another element, the element may be directly on the other element, or there may be an intermediate element present. Furthermore, in the specification and claims, when an element is described as being "connected" to another element, the element may be "directly connected" to the other element, or "connected" to the other element via a third element.

[0024] Existing protection circuits suffer from several shortcomings when short circuits occur, including delayed short-circuit response, limited self-protection capabilities, lack of power restoration functions, inadequate voltage detection mechanisms, and a trade-off between cost and performance. Delayed short-circuit response refers to the fact that many traditional short-circuit protection circuits do not respond quickly enough when a short circuit is detected. This can lead to excessive current surges on internal circuit components during the short circuit, causing component damage and reducing circuit stability and overall product quality. Limited self-protection capabilities mean that under prolonged short circuit conditions, existing circuit protection mechanisms often cannot continuously protect internal circuits from damage. If the external short circuit lasts too long, the internal power management module or critical components may be damaged due to continuous overload, increasing subsequent maintenance costs and product defects. Product failure rate; lack of power restoration function means that after a short circuit is cleared, most protection circuits require manual intervention to restart and cannot automatically restore external power supply. This not only affects the user experience but also limits the circuit's adaptability and flexibility; insufficient voltage detection mechanism means that existing circuits lack an effective voltage detection mechanism between normal operation and short circuit states, and cannot monitor the output voltage status in real time. This may result in the power supply not being cut off immediately when a short circuit occurs, increasing the potential threat to internal circuits; cost and performance trade-off means that in order to achieve a certain degree of short circuit protection, existing technologies often adopt more complex circuit designs. This not only increases the manufacturing cost of the circuit but may also introduce new failure points due to the increased circuit complexity, affecting the overall performance and reliability of the circuit.

[0025] As described in the background section, short-circuit protection circuits in the prior art are costly. In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, this application proposes a short-circuit protection circuit, a power supply circuit, and a circuit system.

[0026] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 1 and Figure 2 This is a circuit diagram of a short-circuit protection circuit according to an embodiment of this application. For example... Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the system includes a short-circuit action module 10 and a normal operation control module 20. The first terminal of the short-circuit action module 10 is the first terminal of the short-circuit protection circuit and is used to input a power signal. The second terminal of the short-circuit action module 10 is electrically connected to the first terminal of the normal operation control module 20. The second terminal of the normal operation control module 20 is the second terminal of the short-circuit protection circuit and is used to detect short-circuit signals. The third terminal of the short-circuit action module 10 is electrically connected to the third terminal of the normal operation control module 20. The fourth terminal of the normal operation control module 20 is used for grounding.

[0028] Specifically, the aforementioned short-circuit action module activates when a short circuit to ground occurs at the second terminal of the short-circuit protection circuit. This causes the normal operation control module to stop working, cutting off the external power supply to the second terminal of the short-circuit protection circuit and protecting the internal circuitry. Once the short circuit at the second terminal of the short-circuit protection circuit is resolved, the normal operation control module resumes normal operation, and the circuit can also resume normal external power supply.

[0029] An embodiment of this solution provides a short-circuit protection circuit, including a short-circuit action module and a normal operation control module. The first terminal of the short-circuit action module is the first terminal of the short-circuit protection circuit and is used to input a power signal. The second terminal of the short-circuit action module is electrically connected to the first terminal of the normal operation control module, and the second terminal of the normal operation control module is the second terminal of the short-circuit protection circuit and is used to detect a short-circuit signal. The third terminal of the short-circuit action module is electrically connected to the third terminal of the normal operation control module, and the fourth terminal of the normal operation control module is grounded. Upon receiving a short-circuit signal, the short-circuit action module activates, the normal operation control module stops working, and the external output power supply at the second terminal is cut off, protecting the internal circuitry. This can handle prolonged short circuits in the external output voltage. Simultaneously, after the short circuit at the second terminal disappears, the normal operation control module resumes normal operation, restoring the external output power supply. This short-circuit protection circuit has a simple structure and effectively achieves the purpose of short-circuit protection.

[0030] To further simplify the internal structure of the short-circuit action module described above, in other embodiments, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the short-circuit action module includes a first impedance 11, a second impedance 12, a third impedance 13, a first switching device 14, a fourth impedance 15, and a fifth impedance 16. The first end of the first impedance 11, the first end of the second impedance 12, the second end of the first switching device 14, the first end of the fourth impedance 15, and the first end of the fifth impedance 16 are electrically connected and constitute the first end of the short-circuit action module. The first end of the first switching device 14 is electrically connected to the first end of the third impedance 13. The second ends of the first impedance 11, the second ends of the second impedance 12, and the second ends of the third impedance 13 are electrically connected and constitute the second end of the short-circuit action module. The third end of the first switching device 14, the second end of the fourth impedance 15, and the second end of the fifth impedance 16 are electrically connected and constitute the third end of the short-circuit action module.

[0031] In the event of a short circuit to ground at the second terminal, the current increases after the short circuit, and the voltage across the first and second impedances increases. The voltage at the second terminal of the short-circuit action module is affected by the short circuit and becomes zero. The input voltage is then primarily borne by the first and second impedances. At this time, the first switching device reaches the conduction condition and operates, connecting the input power supply to the third terminal of the short-circuit action module. The voltage at the third terminal of the short-circuit action module then becomes the input voltage. Under these conditions, the normal operation control module does not operate, cutting off the external output power supply and protecting the internal circuitry.

[0032] In the specific implementation, the first impedance, the second impedance, the third impedance, and the fifth impedance are resistors, the fourth impedance is a capacitor, and the first switching device is a transistor. Using electronic components such as capacitors, resistors, and transistors can reduce the cost of the short-circuit action module, thereby further reducing the overall cost of the short-circuit protection circuit.

[0033] Specifically, the resistance value of the first impedance can be 5.0~5.2Ω, the resistance value of the second impedance can be 5.0~5.2Ω, the resistance value of the third impedance can be 990~1010Ω, the resistance value of the fifth impedance can be 46~47KΩ±1%, and the capacitance value of the fourth impedance can be 90~10nF.

[0034] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1 As shown, the normal operation control module 20 includes a second switching device 21, a sixth impedance 22, a seventh impedance 23, and a third switching device 24. The first terminals of the second switching device 21, the sixth impedance 22, and the seventh impedance 23 are electrically connected and constitute the third terminal of the normal operation control module 20. The third terminal of the second switching device 21 is the first terminal of the normal operation control module 20, and the second terminal of the second switching device 21 is the second terminal of the normal operation control module 20. The second terminals of the sixth impedance 22, the seventh impedance 23, and the third switching device 24 are electrically connected, and the second terminal of the third switching device 24 is the fourth terminal of the normal operation control module 20. The first terminal of the third switching device 24 is used to input control signals. The second switching device 21, the sixth impedance 22, the seventh impedance 23, and the third switching device 24 constitute the normal operation control module 20, which can further simplify the internal structure of the normal operation control module 20, thereby further reducing costs.

[0035] Under normal operating conditions, after a power signal is input to the first terminal of the short-circuit protection circuit, the current flows through the first and second impedances, then through the second switching device, and finally supplies external power through the second terminal of the short-circuit protection circuit. The second switching device is controlled by a third switching device. By giving a high-level signal to the first terminal of the third switching device, the third switching device is turned on, and the level of the first terminal of the second switching device is pulled low. Thus, the second switching device meets the conduction condition, operates normally, and the power supply voltage is output normally through the second terminal of the short-circuit protection circuit.

[0036] In some embodiments, the second and third switching devices are transistors, and the sixth and seventh impedances are resistors. Using electronic components such as resistors and transistors reduces the cost of the normal operation control module, thereby further reducing the overall cost of the short-circuit protection circuit.

[0037] Specifically, the resistance value of the sixth impedance can be 4.5~5KΩ, and the resistance value of the seventh impedance can be 4.5~5KΩ.

[0038] To further achieve voltage detection at the second terminal of the short-circuit protection circuit, in the specific implementation process, such as... Figure 2 As shown, the short-circuit protection circuit further includes a sampling module 30, the first end of which is electrically connected to the second end of the normal operation control module 20, and the second end of which is used for grounding.

[0039] In other embodiments, such as Figure 2 As shown, the aforementioned mining module 30 includes an eighth impedance 31, a ninth impedance 32, a tenth impedance 33, and an eleventh impedance 34. The first ends of the eighth impedance 31 and the ninth impedance 32 are electrically connected and constitute the first end of the mining module 30. The second ends of the eighth impedance 31, the tenth impedance 33, and the eleventh impedance 34 are electrically connected, and the second ends of the ninth impedance 32, the tenth impedance 33, and the eleventh impedance 34 are also electrically connected and constitute the second end of the mining module 30. The eighth impedance 31, the ninth impedance 32, the tenth impedance 33, and the eleventh impedance 34 together form the mining module 30, which can further simplify the internal structure of the mining module 30 and thus further reduce costs.

[0040] Under normal operating conditions, the output voltage at the second terminal of the short-circuit protection circuit is calculated by voltage division using the eighth and tenth impedances to obtain a preliminary voltage value. The controller then calculates this preliminary voltage value to obtain the output voltage at the second terminal of the short-circuit protection circuit. If a short circuit to ground occurs at the second terminal of the short-circuit protection circuit, the voltage value after voltage division using the eighth and tenth impedances will differ from the normal voltage value. In this case, the short-circuit condition can be quickly transmitted to the controller via the preliminary voltage value to indicate that a short circuit to ground has occurred at the second terminal of the short-circuit protection circuit.

[0041] In the specific implementation, the eighth and ninth impedances mentioned above are resistors, and the tenth and eleventh impedances mentioned above are capacitors. Using electronic components such as capacitors and resistors can reduce the cost of the data acquisition module, thereby further reducing the overall cost of the short-circuit protection circuit.

[0042] Specifically, the resistance value of the eighth impedance is 99~101KΩ, the capacitance value of the ninth impedance is 46~48nF, the resistance value of the tenth impedance is 26~26.3KΩ, and the capacitance value of the eleventh impedance is 0.9~1.1nF.

[0043] This application embodiment also provides a power supply circuit, including: any of the above-described short-circuit protection circuits.

[0044] This application provides another circuit system, including: the power supply circuit described above; and an external circuit electrically connected to the power supply circuit described above.

[0045] As can be seen from the above description, the embodiments of this application achieve the following technical effects:

[0046] 1) The short-circuit protection circuit of this application includes a short-circuit action module and a normal operation control module. The first terminal of the short-circuit action module is the first terminal of the short-circuit protection circuit and is used to input a power signal. The second terminal of the short-circuit action module is electrically connected to the first terminal of the normal operation control module, and the second terminal of the normal operation control module is the second terminal of the short-circuit protection circuit and is used to detect a short-circuit signal. The third terminal of the short-circuit action module is electrically connected to the third terminal of the normal operation control module, and the fourth terminal of the normal operation control module is used for grounding. When a short-circuit signal is received, the short-circuit action module activates, the normal operation control module stops working, and the external output power supply at the second terminal is cut off, protecting the internal circuit. This can cope with prolonged short circuits in the external output voltage. Simultaneously, after the short circuit at the second terminal disappears, the normal operation control module resumes normal operation and can restore the external output power supply. The short-circuit protection circuit of this solution has a simple structure and can achieve the purpose of short-circuit protection.

[0047] 2) The power supply circuit of this application includes a short-circuit protection circuit, which comprises a short-circuit action module and a normal operation control module. The first terminal of the short-circuit action module is the first terminal of the short-circuit protection circuit and is used to input a power signal. The second terminal of the short-circuit action module is electrically connected to the first terminal of the normal operation control module, and the second terminal of the normal operation control module is the second terminal of the short-circuit protection circuit and is used to detect a short-circuit signal. The third terminal of the short-circuit action module is electrically connected to the third terminal of the normal operation control module, and the fourth terminal of the normal operation control module is grounded. When a short-circuit signal is received, the short-circuit action module activates, the normal operation control module stops working, and the external output power supply at the second terminal is cut off, protecting the internal circuit. This can handle prolonged short circuits in the external output voltage. Simultaneously, after the short circuit at the second terminal disappears, the normal operation control module resumes normal operation, restoring the external output power supply. The short-circuit protection circuit of this solution has a simple structure and achieves the purpose of short-circuit protection.

[0048] 3) The circuit system of this application includes: the aforementioned power supply circuit; an external circuit electrically connected to the aforementioned power supply circuit; and a short-circuit protection circuit including a short-circuit action module and a normal operation control module. The first terminal of the short-circuit action module is the first terminal of the aforementioned short-circuit protection circuit and is used to input a power signal. The second terminal of the short-circuit action module is electrically connected to the first terminal of the aforementioned normal operation control module, and the second terminal of the aforementioned normal operation control module is the second terminal of the aforementioned short-circuit protection circuit and is used to detect a short-circuit signal. The third terminal of the short-circuit action module is electrically connected to the third terminal of the aforementioned normal operation control module, and the fourth terminal of the aforementioned normal operation control module is used for grounding. When the short-circuit protection circuit of this application receives a short-circuit signal, the short-circuit action module activates, the normal operation control module stops working, and the external output power supply at the second terminal is cut off, protecting the internal circuit. This can cope with prolonged short-circuit conditions in the external output voltage. Simultaneously, after the short-circuit condition at the second terminal disappears, the normal operation control module resumes normal operation, restoring the external output power supply. The short-circuit protection circuit of this solution has a simple structure and can achieve the purpose of short-circuit protection.

[0049] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A short-circuit protection circuit, characterized in that, It includes a short-circuit action module and a normal operation control module. The first terminal of the short-circuit action module is the first terminal of the short-circuit protection circuit and is used to input a power signal. The second terminal of the short-circuit action module is electrically connected to the first terminal of the normal operation control module. The second terminal of the normal operation control module is the second terminal of the short-circuit protection circuit and is used to detect short-circuit signals. The third terminal of the short-circuit action module is electrically connected to the third terminal of the normal operation control module. The fourth terminal of the normal operation control module is used for grounding.

2. The short-circuit protection circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The short-circuit action module includes a first impedance, a second impedance, a third impedance, a first switching device, a fourth impedance, and a fifth impedance. The first terminal of the first impedance, the first terminal of the second impedance, the second terminal of the first switching device, the first terminal of the fourth impedance, and the first terminal of the fifth impedance are electrically connected and constitute the first terminal of the short-circuit action module. The first terminal of the first switching device is electrically connected to the first terminal of the third impedance. The second terminals of the first impedance, the second terminals of the second impedance, and the second terminals of the third impedance are also electrically connected and constitute the second terminal of the short-circuit action module. The third terminal of the first switching device, the second terminal of the fourth impedance, and the second terminal of the fifth impedance are electrically connected and constitute the third terminal of the short-circuit action module.

3. The short-circuit protection circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first impedance, the second impedance, the third impedance, and the fifth impedance are resistors, the fourth impedance is a capacitor, and the first switching device is a transistor.

4. The short-circuit protection circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The normal operation control module includes a second switching device, a sixth impedance, a seventh impedance, and a third switching device. The first terminal of the second switching device, the first terminal of the sixth impedance, and the first terminal of the seventh impedance are electrically connected and constitute the third terminal of the normal operation control module. The third terminal of the second switching device is the first terminal of the normal operation control module, and the second terminal of the second switching device is the second terminal of the normal operation control module. The second terminals of the sixth impedance, the second terminal of the seventh impedance, and the third terminal of the third switching device are electrically connected. The second terminal of the third switching device is the fourth terminal of the normal operation control module, and the first terminal of the third switching device is used to input control signals.

5. The short-circuit protection circuit according to claim 4, characterized in that, The second and third switching devices are transistors, and the sixth and seventh impedances are resistors.

6. The short-circuit protection circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The short-circuit protection circuit further includes a data recovery module, the first end of which is electrically connected to the second end of the normal operation control module, and the second end of the data recovery module is used for grounding.

7. The short-circuit protection circuit according to claim 6, characterized in that, The mining module includes an eighth impedance, a ninth impedance, a tenth impedance, and an eleventh impedance. The first end of the eighth impedance and the first end of the ninth impedance are electrically connected and constitute the first end of the mining module. The second end of the eighth impedance, the first end of the tenth impedance, and the first end of the eleventh impedance are electrically connected. The second end of the ninth impedance, the second end of the tenth impedance, and the second end of the eleventh impedance are electrically connected and constitute the second end of the mining module.

8. The short-circuit protection circuit according to claim 7, characterized in that, The eighth and ninth impedances are resistors, and the tenth and eleventh impedances are capacitors.

9. A power supply circuit, characterized in that, include: The short-circuit protection circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. A circuit system, characterized in that, include: The power supply circuit as described in claim 9; An external circuit is electrically connected to the power supply circuit.

Images