Heating textile, its manufacturing process and its use

Abstract

The invention relates to a heating textile.

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to a heating textile for transferring heat to an environment according to the preamble of claim 1.

[0002] Heating textiles known from the prior art always have contact conductors in addition to heating conductors, which enable the flow of electrical current to heat the heating conductors. For example, DE 101 12 405 A1 discloses a surface heating element with a textile base material. The contact conductors are previously bonded to a finished, textile base material. Only in a further, completely separate process step are the heating conductors added separately. This results in a surface heating element that is time-consuming and costly to manufacture. Further disadvantages are the numerous work steps required during production. In addition, the bonded joints represent unwanted predetermined breaking points, at which the contact connection can break, significantly reducing the functionality of the entire surface heating element.

[0003] In addition, the contact conductors are usually ironed or glued onto a fleece to prevent unwanted current flow, which could cause a short circuit. Ironed-on contact conductors, in particular, have proven disadvantageous in practice, as over time or with the heating textile being bent on curved surfaces, the ironed connection can break, and the contact is no longer guaranteed. The same applies to the current-carrying connections, which are glued onto the finished heating textile, thus presenting a high point of attack for corrosion and possible detachment.

[0004] WO 2015 / 007533A1 discloses a method for producing a textile surface heating element, wherein heating conductors are inserted as warp threads and weft threads as contact conductors in contact with the heating conductors. The heating conductors form loops that wrap around the contact conductors. Fringe loops are provided to create a knitted fabric, whereby contact between the heating conductor and the contact conductors is achieved by offsetting the heating conductors and forming loops through the heating conductors that wrap around the contact conductors.

[0005] EP 0 532 468 B1 discloses an electric heating element in which wires can be inserted as weft or warp threads. Current-carrying wires are inserted as warp threads, and heating wires are inserted as weft threads.

[0006] DE 10 2016 112 585 A1 discloses a method for producing a knitted fabric with standing threads, wherein electrically conductive standing threads and electrically conductive weft threads can be provided.

[0007] EP 1 815 717 B1 discloses a method for producing a textile surface heating element, wherein heating conductors are incorporated as loosely running threads.

[0008] Therefore, the object of the present invention is to provide a heating textile that is low-maintenance and durable. Furthermore, the object of the present invention is to provide a consistent, reliable temperature output, prevent overheating, and be cost-effective to manufacture.

[0009] This object is achieved according to the features of patent claim 1.

[0010] The heating textile described here is made of standing fiber strands and weft fiber strands, which form at least one fiber strand layer. In order to create a heating textile that is both stable and functional, the standing fiber strands and / or weft fiber strands themselves are designed to be functional. "Functional" advantageously means that the respective fiber strands have a specific property.

[0011] For example, the heating textile can comprise weft fiber strands that are electrically conductive. Furthermore, the heating textile can comprise standing fiber strands that heat up when electrical energy is applied and can release this heat to the environment. Finally, the heating textile described here can further comprise contact elements, each forming the positive and negative poles. All of these fiber strands thus have a specific function, so that when processed together as a knitted and / or non-crimped fabric and / or a knitted fabric, a functional heating textile is created that can specifically release heat to its environment.

[0012] The core idea of ​​the present invention is that, in addition to contacting means, energy-emitting fiber strands, and electrically conductive fiber strands, at least one coupling fiber strand is further provided, i.e., additionally, for contacting the energy-emitting fiber strands with the electrically conductive fiber strands and / or the contacting means with the electrically conductive fiber strands. The electrically conductive fiber strands, the contacting means, and the energy-emitting fiber strands are designed as standing fiber strands and weft fiber strands, and at least one coupling fiber strand is woven and / or knitted and / or laid in a mesh-like manner directly or indirectly around the standing fiber strands and weft fiber strands in order to connect them to one another. In addition, the standing fiber strands are coupled to the weft fiber strands at intersection points via the at least one coupling fiber strand.

[0013] All combination variants of the fiber strands described here can be formed either directly or indirectly. Direct coupling advantageously refers to direct coupling, in which the fiber strands to be coupled form at least one common contact surface with one another. Indirect coupling advantageously refers to a connection in which no direct common contact surface is formed between the fiber strands to be coupled. With indirect coupling, for example, an additional material can be introduced between the fiber strands to be coupled, so that they each form a common contact surface with the material in between. In the simplest case, the coupling is formed at intersection points between the standing fiber strands and the weft fiber strands.

[0014] Electrically conductive elements are advantageously understood to be fiber strands, nonwoven structures, flat textiles, or even film structures. Particularly advantageously, the electrically conductive elements are formed as electrically conductive fiber strands or fiber bundles. Fiber bundles can be understood to mean a multitude of fiber strands, which can be arranged parallel to one another, wound, or in some other way.

[0015] In addition to the electrically conductive elements, energy-emitting fiber strands, and contacting means, the flexible heating textile described here additionally comprises at least one coupling fiber strand, advantageously several coupling fiber strands. The coupling fiber strands serve for the direct and / or indirect connection, i.e., coupling, of additional fiber strands to be connected. For this purpose, the at least one, advantageously several coupling fiber strands, are introduced directly during the production of the heating textile. Depending on the exemplary embodiment, the coupling fiber strands can be knitted, inlaid, or woven. Regardless of the three processing methods described here, the introduction or processing of the coupling fiber strands means a fixation of the fiber strands to be connected to one another.The weaving of the coupling fiber strands has proven particularly advantageous, as it creates particularly stable and strong meshes around the fiber strands to be coupled. Furthermore, the coupling fiber strands form large contact surfaces with the fiber strands to be coupled, usually at their intersection points. In the simplest case, the coupling fiber strand meshes surround the intersection points of the fiber strands to be connected, forming only small gaps where there are no common contact surfaces.

[0016] Surprisingly, it has been shown for the first time that a large number of coupling fiber strands creates a particularly stable and reliable contact between the energy-emitting fiber strands and the electrically conductive elements and / or between the contacting means and the electrically conductive elements. For this purpose, the advantageously multiple coupling fiber strands are knitted in a mesh-like manner, so that they firmly connect the standing fiber strands and weft fiber strands directly and / or indirectly at their intersection points.

[0017] In this context, "firmly connected" advantageously means that the advantageously multiple coupling fiber strands enclose the intersection points of the standing fiber strands and the weft fiber strands in a mesh-like manner, thus forming the largest possible common contact area with the standing fiber strands and / or weft fiber strands to be connected to each other, so that the contact closure is permanently ensured. The largest possible common contact area between the coupling fiber strands and the standing fiber strands and / or weft fiber strands is advantageously understood to mean 25% to 80% of the circumference of a single standing fiber strand and / or weft fiber strand.

[0018] The standing fiber strands and / or weft fiber strands used here advantageously form a nearly round or completely round cross-section. If a coupling fiber strand is then knitted around an intersection point of the standing fiber strand and the weft fiber strand, the corresponding coupling fiber strand meshes around both strands and couples them.

[0019] Since the heating textile has numerous standing fiber strands and numerous weft fiber strands, which are all spaced apart from one another, the heating textile described here can also be referred to as a heating textile grid element.

[0020] In the simplest embodiment, the coupling fiber strands are guided from bottom to top around the standing fiber strands and / or weft fiber strands. This ensures a particularly tight and strong mesh formation and thus keeps the gap between the coupling fiber strand and the standing fiber strand and / or weft fiber strand as small as possible. This is particularly advantageous if the flexible heating textile is coated in a possible process step after its completion. Due to the reduced gaps between the coupling fiber strands and the standing fiber strands and / or weft fiber strands, it is now possible for the first time to coat particularly efficiently without the formation of impermeable structures.Due to the mesh-like arrangement of the coupling fiber strands, it is now possible for the first time to provide flexible heating textiles in the form of flexible grid elements for transferring heat to an environment, which can be coated particularly efficiently and which also retain their grid element character even after coating.

[0021] The flexible heating textile described here for the first time is designed as a lattice element, for example as a non-crimp, knitted, or warp-knitted fabric, and has at least vertical fiber strands and weft fiber strands. The vertical fiber strands are also known as 0° fiber strands, which extend in the longitudinal direction of the heating textile. Advantageously, the longitudinal direction of the heating textile also corresponds to the transport direction during the manufacturing process. The additional weft fiber strands are also referred to as 90° fiber strands and, in the simplest case, run perpendicular to the vertical fiber strands.

[0022] For the first time, all functionalities exhibited by the heating textile described here can now be provided and configured in the form of fiber strands and / or fiber bundles. Fiber strands are advantageously understood to mean individual fibers and / or filaments, with a fiber strand comprising at least one fiber and / or filament. However, a fiber strand can also advantageously be configured as a multifilament and / or multifiber, and as a single filament, can have the characterization tdex10 f2-3 to 96,000 tdex with 90,000 k. Possible fibers and / or filaments include natural materials, synthetic materials, inorganic materials, or even organic materials, or a mixture thereof.

[0023] Furthermore, it has surprisingly proven advantageous to form the electrically conductive elements as weft fiber strands. In the simplest case, the electrically conductive elements are introduced as 90° threads. In the simplest case, this results in conductor paths for the electrical current.

[0024] Furthermore, the energy-emitting fiber strands for heating the environment can be designed as standing fiber strands, also known as 0° fiber strands. These extend in the longitudinal direction of the heating textile to be manufactured during its production process. The 0° fiber strands are advantageously arranged parallel to each other and spaced apart from each other. The same applies to the weft fiber strands, so that their arrangement creates a lattice structure of the flexible heating textile.

[0025] Furthermore, the contacting means can, for example, be arranged parallel to the energy-emitting fiber strands to form at least one closed circuit. For this purpose, the contacting means are divided into two groups. A first group forms the positive pole, and a second group forms the negative pole.

[0026] In the simplest case, energy-emitting fiber strands and contacting means form a plane as spaced-apart 0° fiber strands in which energy-emitting fiber strands and contacting means are arranged next to each other.

[0027] Furthermore, the contacting means are advantageously arranged in groups, for example, in two groups. It is conceivable that at least one contacting means comprises at least one fiber and / or at least one filament. Fibers differ from filaments only in their limited length.

[0028] The material of the contacting agents is therefore not limited to textile fibers, glass fibers, carbon fibers, or the like; metal fibers can also be used. Furthermore, nonwovens, conductive flat textiles, or even electrically conductive plastic films can be used as contacting agents.

[0029] To ensure energy transfer, in particular the flow of electricity, the flexible heating textile described here also features coupling fiber strands. It has been surprisingly discovered that these coupling fiber strands, which form a contact between the additional fiber strands connected to them, enable a particularly simple and cost-effective production of the flexible heating textile for the first time. The heating textile grid element can efficiently and consistently dissipate heat to the environment without overheating itself. It is designed to be flexible and pliable.

[0030] In addition, high heat resistance and high thermal conductivity can be guaranteed, and this over the long term.

[0031] The aforementioned predetermined breaking points from the prior art, which are used in known heating textiles by gluing or soldering, are not used in the present invention. The coupling fiber strands described here form an energetic coupling with the connected fiber strands, so that, for example, heat generation and current conduction are correspondingly achieved through contact closure. For this purpose, the coupling fiber strands are woven, knitted, or laid in a loop-like manner.

[0032] In the simplest case, the coupling fiber strands can be meshed to ensure successful contact with and / or around the electrically conductive elements, the energy-emitting fiber strands, and / or the contacting means. In particular, fringe meshes, tricot meshes, cloth meshes, satin meshes, atlas meshes, or open body meshes or velvet meshes have proven advantageous. All of the mesh shapes listed here can create particularly strong, permanently stable, and secure contact connections, while simultaneously saving time and costs in production and maintenance.

[0033] Furthermore, it is also conceivable for the coupling fiber strands to be directly and / or indirectly interlaced at the intersection points of the fiber strands to be connected in the form of fringe stitches, tricot stitches, satin stitches, atlas stitches, open body stitches, velvet stitches, and / or looped or twisted, if the heating textile described here is designed, for example, as a scrim. Thus, the intersection points between the standing fiber strands and weft fiber strands can be firmly connected to one another in a single step during production.

[0034] Contact closure is advantageously understood as the fact that the weft fiber strands form a contact closure with the standing fiber strands and vice versa at the respective intersection points through the surrounding meshes, thus enabling, for example, the permanent transmission of energy, preferably electrical and / or thermal. Furthermore, the meshing provides additional stabilization for the flexible heating textile.

[0035] This is of course not to be understood as limiting, so that other combinations of standing fiber strands and weft fiber strands are also possible.

[0036] Furthermore, it is also conceivable that the functional fiber strands described here, such as energy-emitting fiber strands, electrically conductive elements and contacting means and / or coupling fiber strands, span the entire heating textile.

[0037] Further details can be found in the subclaims.

[0038] In a further advantageous embodiment, it is conceivable that the heating textile, in addition to the functional fiber strands, comprises additional supporting fiber strands, which are designed as standing fiber strands and / or weft fiber strands. This is particularly advantageous if the free area between the spaced-apart electrically conductive elements would be too large, thus reducing the stability of the heating textile. In this case, it has proven advantageous to incorporate additional supporting fiber strands as weft fiber strands. These stabilize the heating textile described here and can be made from the materials mentioned above.

[0039] Furthermore, the supporting fiber strands serve to create the flexibility of the heating textile described here while simultaneously maintaining its shape. The supporting fiber strands advantageously enable the heating textile to be bent and draped depending on the specific application, for example, for curved components. It is also conceivable to form such support elements, as the supporting fiber strands can also be called, from auxiliary yarn instead of or in addition to the fiber strands, which serves to improve the bonding with other materials during further processing.

[0040] In a further advantageous embodiment, the heating textile is designed as a scrim, woven fabric, or knitted fabric. Design as a knitted fabric or scrim has proven to be particularly advantageous and simple to manufacture. In particular, when the heating textile is designed as a knitted fabric, with the coupling fiber strands being designed as loops that connect the other fiber strands to one another, it is possible for the first time to provide a heating textile with a lattice structure. At the same time, the lattice structure is particularly strong and stable due to the effect of the coupling fiber strands. Furthermore, the loops of the coupling fiber strands at least partially encompass the fiber strands connected to them, ensuring a relatively compact bond with little free space between the individual coupling fiber strands and the other fiber strands connected to them.This makes it possible for the first time to further ensure the open lattice structure even after the heating textile has been coated, for example, with a plastic. It also reduces the amount of coating material between coupling fiber strands and the other fiber strands connected to them. This avoids predetermined breaking points and excessive plastic coating areas between the individual fiber strands. This significantly improves the quality of the heating textile, which is described here for the first time.

[0041] In a further advantageous embodiment, at least one insulating element is arranged between contacting means and electrically conductive fiber strands, wherein the contacting means are connected directly and / or indirectly to the at least one insulating element via the coupling fiber strands or the contacting means are connected directly and / or indirectly to the electrically conductive fiber strands arranged below the insulating element via the coupling fiber strands via the at least one insulating element.

[0042] The insulating element advantageously serves to decouple the contacting means from the electrically conductive elements, preventing short circuits at their intersection points. Therefore, it is also important to form the coupling fiber strands from an electrically non-conductive material. In the simplest case, the coupling fiber strands and the insulating element can be made of the same material.

[0043] The at least one insulating element comprises at least one, advantageously several, insulating materials that are not electrically conductive. Materials such as PES, other polymers such as polyethylene or polypropylene, natural fibers such as hemp, flax, kenaf, and / or a mixture thereof have proven particularly advantageous for coupling fiber strands and / or insulating elements.

[0044] With these electrically insulating materials, the processing of the insulating element in the heating textile can be carried out particularly easily. By inserting and arranging the at least one insulating element precisely between the contacting means and the electrically conductive fiber strands, the latter are successfully decoupled from one another. For simplified fixing, the contacting means and the coupling fiber strands are fixed directly to the at least one insulating element. Furthermore, it is also conceivable for the contacting means to be meshed through the at least one insulating element and for the electrically conductive fiber strands underneath to also be meshed. This results in even better fixing and stability. Fixing is advantageously carried out by warp-knitting, knitting, or laying. For this purpose, the insulating element is advantageously designed to be flat, for example as a non-woven material or as a plastic film.

[0045] In the simplest case, the contacting means are fixed to the at least one insulating element via meshing in the weaving process, knitting process or laying process during production.

[0046] In one embodiment, the at least one insulating element can be formed continuously in the longitudinal direction of the heating textile.

[0047] However, this is not to be understood as limiting; it is also conceivable for the at least one insulating element to be arranged only in sections at and / or near the intersection points of electrically conductive fiber strands and contacting means. It is always important to ensure that the insulating element fulfills its function and that unwanted short circuits or contacts between the contacting means and the electrically conductive fiber strands are avoided.

[0048] It has proven particularly advantageous that the two groups of contacting means, which advantageously form the positive and negative poles of the heating textile described here, are arranged close to one another. Close proximity means a distance between them in the centimeter range, for example, a distance of 0.2 - 10 cm. This close arrangement makes it possible for the first time to individually cut the surface area of ​​flexible heating textiles without destroying the heating function. It is known from the prior art that the positive and negative poles in known heating textiles are spaced far apart from one another, located on the outer edges. This drastically limits the manufacturing process of the heating textile and necessitates high production costs to produce individual heating textile sizes.This is solved for the first time with the heating textile described here, as the positive and negative poles are arranged close together yet decoupled from each other. The protruding lateral surfaces of the heating textile can be freely customized. For example, it is conceivable for the positive and negative poles to be located in a left-hand edge area of ​​the heating textile. The remaining surface of the heating textile is formed solely by energy-emitting fiber strands and electrically conductive fiber strands, optionally also by supporting fiber strands. Thus, the remaining surface can be freely customized, as all three types of fiber strands mentioned can be easily severed without losing the actual heating function.

[0049] It is also conceivable to arrange the positive and negative poles centrally in the middle so that the surfaces of the heating textile that extend beyond them on the left and right sides can be prepared accordingly.

[0050] Alternatively, it would be conceivable to provide a group of contact elements at each edge of the heating textile. This would allow for easy separation between the groups, while both parts of the heating textile would remain fully functional.

[0051] In a further advantageous embodiment, the heating textile has at least one first recess which is free of fiber strands. This at least first recess is advantageously arranged between the positive pole and the negative pole, provided no insulating element is provided. The recess can advantageously be seen as an alternative to the insulating element described above. The recess prevents the formation of a short circuit. Particularly advantageously, the recess interrupts the electrically conductive fiber strands between the positive pole and the negative pole. This is necessary because the electrically conductive fiber strands are continuously introduced into the heating textile during the manufacturing process. Otherwise, the fiber strands would have contact with both the positive pole and the negative pole at the same time. This would result in a short circuit. To prevent this, the at least one first recess is provided. This can be applied particularly inexpensively and quickly during the manufacturing process.

[0052] In the simplest case, this is achieved by punching. This allows all fiber strands used in the heating textile to be provided as standing fiber strands and weft fiber strands, which accelerates production while simultaneously reducing costs.

[0053] Furthermore, it is conceivable for the heating textile to have an additional, second recess for contacting the contacting means with the electrically conductive fiber strands. In this exemplary embodiment, an insulating element is provided between the electrically conductive fiber strands and the contacting means. The insulating element itself has this second recess, so that at this controlled, predetermined position of the recess, the contacting means form direct contact with the electrically conductive fiber strands. A permanent connection is ensured by the tight intermeshing of the electrically conductive fiber strands with the contacting means by the coupling fiber strands.

[0054] In a further advantageous embodiment, the standing fiber strands and weft fiber strands are at an angle of 30° - 150° to each other. This creates a corresponding lattice structure, since the standing fiber strands and weft fiber strands are also advantageously spaced apart from each other.

[0055] It has proven particularly advantageous to arrange the weft fiber strands at a distance of 0.01 mm - 5 cm from one another. The standing fiber strands can advantageously be provided with a fineness of between E1 and E50. This results in a lattice structure with open through holes / openings, which are formed by the spacing of the standing fiber strands from the weft fiber strands or the standing fiber strands from one another and the weft fiber strands from one another. This lattice structure is particularly advantageous if the heating textile is to be subsequently coated with a coating material, for example an aqueous plastic solution, since the lattice structure in particular allows the plastic solution to drip off accordingly and the lattice structure is also retained after the coating has cured. The lattice structure is advantageous for force dissipation and for flexible embedding in possible materials.The grid structure ensures that the heating textile described here can be embedded particularly well and firmly into other materials.

[0056] In a further advantageous embodiment, the energy-emitting fiber strands and / or the electrically conductive fiber strands and / or the supporting fiber strands and / or the contacting means are made of electrically conductive, non-insulated materials such as metals or their compounds, alloys and their compounds, organic materials such as carbon-containing materials, electrically conductive polymers, metallized fiber strands, or inorganic materials such as glass fibers and / or a mixture thereof. It has proven advantageous for the energy-emitting fiber strands to have a high ohmic resistance in order to generate an effective amount of heat. Materials such as copper, stainless steel, copper alloys, gold, zinc, or silver-coated copper have proven advantageous for the current-carrying, i.e., electrically conductive, fiber strands.Carbon-containing materials, PTC yarns as conductive polymers, and / or metallized textile threads are also conceivable. The materials mentioned here can also be advantageously used as a flat heating textile. It is always important to note that the coupling fiber strands are not electrically conductive.

[0057] Furthermore, the heating textile described here is characterized by the fact that it can be operated at low voltage using high-resistance threads and / or mains voltage. This is particularly advantageous for overheating protection and also for power consumption.

[0058] In a further advantageous embodiment, the heating textile is designed to be two-dimensional and / or three-dimensional. This is advantageous because it allows for a high degree of flexibility in the application area of ​​the heating textile.

[0059] The flat, two-dimensional design is advantageous when the heating textile is to be inserted into thin components where a small amount of material is required. Designing the heating textile as a grid element ensures high stability and installation reliability even with thin material deposits.

[0060] The three-dimensional heating textile design is particularly advantageous because it allows curved surfaces and structures to be simulated, opening up additional areas of application for seat cushions or mattress pads, for example. Three-dimensional heating textiles advantageously refer to a multi-layered heating textile with at least one cover surface and at least one base surface. Both surfaces are formed from the same and / or different standing fiber strands and weft fiber strands, for example, as a knitted, scrim, or warp-knitted fabric.

[0061] Furthermore, both surfaces are firmly connected to each other via spacers and are simultaneously spaced apart from each other. Possible spacers can advantageously be pile threads, which are arranged, for example, at the respective intersection points of the standing fiber strands and weft fiber strands on each surface.

[0062] The pile threads connect both surfaces. Loops, interweaving, interlacing, interlacing, and the like are also conceivable.

[0063] It has proven particularly advantageous in the three-dimensional design of the heating textile to integrate the heating textile described here into the cover surface and / or the base surface of a grid element designed as a heating textile. Consequently, the heating textile described here then directly forms the cover surface and / or the base surface of the three-dimensional design. This integration takes place during production and can therefore be implemented particularly easily and cost-effectively. The heating textile described above can thus form the cover surface and / or the base surface of the multi-layer heating textile. Due to the advantageous design of the spacer elements, for example as endless spacer threads, a large number of spacer elements are formed. Due to their design, these can, for example, form a spring function and thus assign additional flexibility and damping function to the three-dimensional heating textile.

[0064] Furthermore, appropriate material reinforcement or simply a spacer between the base and cover surfaces is also conceivable. To incorporate a textile heater into the three-dimensional heating textile, it is important to process the individual fiber strands, as described above, into the cover and / or base surfaces. In addition to the warp-knitting process, the tufting or knitting process has proven particularly advantageous.

[0065] Particularly advantageous is the three-dimensional heating textile in its unaltered initial form, i.e., without any external force application, with a total material thickness of 0.5–700 mm. A material thickness in the range of 1–50 mm has proven particularly advantageous. The material thickness, i.e., the distance between the base and cover surfaces, of 8 mm is particularly advantageous. This particular material thickness provides sufficient flexibility for the heating textile for the first time while simultaneously maintaining the stability of the knitted connections, woven connections, or knitted joints. Furthermore, it is advantageous to arrange the interlocking points, i.e., the connections between the base and cover surfaces, so that they are congruent with one another.This results in a high restoring force, particularly in the case of a crescent-shaped course of the spacer elements, which enables a return to the desired shape, i.e. the force-free starting position, after a force has been applied.

[0066] In addition to the crescent-shaped configuration, a zigzag or sawtooth shape for the spacing elements between the base and the top surface is also conceivable. Furthermore, the interruptions themselves are also designed in a hexagonal shape. The combination of a hexagonal arrangement and the hexagonal design of the interruptions offers the greatest possible load-bearing capacity and compressive stiffness, as well as shear stability across the entire surface of the upper top surface.

[0067] Particularly advantageous are six hexagonal interruptions arranged hexagonally to each other in a surface area of ​​1 - 3 cm 2The dimensions of the interruptions are in the range of 1 - 4 mm in width and 1 - 10 mm in length. Of course, this is not to be understood as limiting, so it is also conceivable to provide significantly larger dimensions of the interruptions, particularly in the case of green roofs, so that the interruptions can be in an area range of 25 - 50 cm. 2 Dimensions can range from 5 - 50 mm in width and 10 - 80 mm in length.

[0068] Of course, the interruptions can also be the same width as length. The dimensions already mentioned above also apply here. The hexagonal configuration is, of course, not limiting; it is also possible to design the interruptions polygonally, such as round, rectangular, oval, diamond-shaped, square, triangular, or in any other polygonal shape.

[0069] Furthermore, in addition to the heating textile as described above, the present invention also relates to the method for producing this heating textile. The method comprises at least the following steps: - Providing at least one standing fibre strand feed for feeding standing fibre strands, - providing at least one weft fiber strand feed for feeding numerous weft fiber strands arranged at a distance from one another, - Coupling of standing fibre strands and weft fibre strands with one another by simultaneously knitting or laying at least one coupling fibre strand to form mesh-like connections.

[0070] The method described here describes for the first time the production of a technical heating textile in the form of a lattice element, where, as described above, weft fiber strands and standing fiber strands are arranged at a distance from one another, or weft fiber strands and standing fiber strands are arranged at a distance from one another, thus forming a lattice structure with continuous openings. This technical heating textile lattice, as the heating textile described above can also be called, is formed by knitting, knitting, or placing the standing fiber strands with the weft fiber strands, or vice versa, by advantageously interlacing or intermeshing them at their intersection points with at least one coupling fiber strand.

[0071] In particular, the stable knitted connection is formed by the introduction of at least one coupling fiber strand, advantageously several coupling fiber strands, which are used / processed in bundles. Advantageously, the coupling fiber bundle is guided over a guide needle for each row of standing fibers. The intersection points of the standing fiber strands and weft fiber strands are thereby successively interlaced and thus fixed to one another. Particularly advantageously, the interlacing is carried out in a controlled manner with a predeterminable thread tension, which also ensures that the weft fiber strands and standing fiber strands are aligned to one another, thus initially stretching the surface of the heating textile.

[0072] In this special case, the heating textile is manufactured in such a way that the weft fiber strands can be designed as supporting fiber strands and / or electrically conductive fiber strands. The standing fiber strands can be designed as energy-emitting fiber strands or as contacting means.

[0073] Furthermore, it is conceivable for the method described here to comprise a further method step which is carried out between steps b) and c). This further method step, as described in a further advantageous embodiment, consists in at least one insulating element being fed between the standing fiber strands. This is particularly advantageous since the feeding of the at least one insulating element is carried out during the manufacturing process, so to speak simultaneously with the downstream knitting. For this purpose, the at least one insulating element is advantageously designed to be flat and is fed accordingly, for example via a conveyor device. Consequently, the at least one insulating element runs below the standing fiber strands and above the weft fiber strands into the processing process.

[0074] With the addition of the at least one insulating element, the next step is to perform the over-meshing. The at least one coupling fiber strand, which is advantageously formed as a coupling fiber bundle with multiple fiber strands, is gripped by a needle guided from bottom to top and knitted accordingly. This ensures that the over-meshing of the standing fiber strands and weft fiber strands, with the at least one insulating element in between, is implemented permanently and reliably.

[0075] Particularly advantageously, the guide needle is guided from bottom to top through the processing plane to grip the at least one coupling fiber strand. In this example, the standing fiber strand feed is also arranged above, and the weft fiber strand feed is arranged below, the at least one insulating element being fed.

[0076] Furthermore, the present process is characterized by the fact that the knitted or woven heating textile is drawn off flatly and / or steeply in an optional step of the manufacturing process. The fabric draw-off of the heating textile, which may subsequently undergo further treatment steps, such as a coating, is crucial for the stitch strength. For example, a steep fabric draw-off directly after the manufacturing process, especially if it is a warp-knitting process, results in a significantly tighter stitch formation than is the case with a comparatively flat fabric draw-off.

[0077] In addition, further processing steps may follow, such as coating or assembly.

[0078] Furthermore, a system for producing a flexible heating textile as described above and / or a system for carrying out the manufacturing process as described above can be used. For this purpose, the system comprises at least the following components: a) a standing fibre strand feeder for feeding the standing fibre strands above or on a second side of the processing plane, b) a weft fiber strand advancer for arranging the weft fiber strands, at least one slider element and at least one knock-off element, wherein the weft fiber strand advancer, slider element and knock-off element are arranged below or on a first side of a processing plane, c) at least one needle for knitting or laying or knitting at least one coupling fibre strand, more advantageously coupling fibre bundles, in the form of stitches around the fibre strands to be joined together.

[0079] The system was developed specifically for the production of technical textiles, in particular the functional, technical heating textile described here. It is now possible to produce technical textiles quickly and with high quality using the knitting or warp-knitting process, or the scrim process, while saving time. Processing of technical fiber strands, such as those described here, such as glass fiber strands, electrically conductive fiber strands, and the like, could not previously be produced using existing textile systems. Among other things, these systems could not maintain the necessary fiber tensions because conventional fibers, such as cotton, have completely different properties than, for example, PTC yarn.

[0080] In a further advantageous embodiment, the system has at least one feed device for feeding at least one insulating element between weft fiber strands and standing fiber strands, wherein at least one projection for holding down the insulating element during the manufacturing process is arranged on at least one free end of the standing fiber strand guide.

[0081] This system is a special version of the system using the insulating element described above. Due to the structure of the system for producing the heating textile, which is described here for the first time, it is possible for the first time to achieve reliable and rapid product manufacture in a compact process within the processing plane. In particular, it is advantageous if at least one projection, advantageously in the form of a nose, is provided on at least one end of the standing fiber strand guide for holding down the at least one insulating element. This projection also keeps the at least one insulating element essentially flat during the manufacturing process, while the coupling fiber strands, weft fiber strands and standing fiber strands are meshed through the at least one insulating element.

[0082] This advantageously creates a common contact surface between the weft fiber strands and the insulating element. By holding at least one insulating element down in the processing plane and thus also during the manufacturing process, particularly during the knitting process, it can be ensured that the standing fiber strands arranged above and the weft fiber strands arranged below can be intermeshed particularly securely and without great effort. This prevents unwanted waviness of the insulating element.

[0083] This is possible for the first time with the machine and system described here. In summary, this provides a particularly effective system that significantly reduces the processing time required to produce a corresponding heating textile and enables customizable finishing. With the system described here, it is possible for the first time to produce and implement any size ratio, both in surface area and in three-dimensional space, in a compact manufacturing process, particularly in terms of the weave.

[0084] Finally, the present invention also relates to the use of the heating textile described here in motor vehicle interiors for heating interior trim and vehicle seats, in greenhouses for directly controlling the temperature of plant pots, outdoors for controlling the temperature of plants growing above them, as seat cushions, lounge pads, or mats, for example in the form of mattress components, sports mat components, yoga mat components, or relaxation mat components. Furthermore, the present invention also relates to the use of the heating textile described above in the construction sector for heating building components such as ceilings and / or walls and / or as a textile reinforcement element. In this case, the flexible heating textile can function as a heating mat, be used for de-icing, or can also be used to control the temperature of molds or components.A three-dimensional grid element with integrated heating textile can be particularly advantageously used as a reinforcement element in concrete components. This is a significant advantage, for example, when de-icing bridges.

[0085] In this context, flexible means that the heating textile can be deflected from its original flat, horizontal plane without compromising functionality or quality. In particular, this refers to deflections of more than 5° from the horizontal.

[0086] The advantages and practicalities can be seen in the following description in conjunction with the drawing. Here: Fig. 1 a schematic plan view of a first embodiment of the heating textile according to the invention, Fig. 2 a schematic plan view of a further embodiment of the heating textile according to the invention, Fig. 3 a schematic plan view of a further embodiment of the heating textile according to the invention, Fig. 4 schematic sectional views of the heating textiles from Fig. 1 to Fig. 3, Fig. 5 a schematic view of a three-dimensional grid element with integrated heating textile according to the invention, Fig. 6 a schematic sectional view of a system for producing the heating textile, Fig. 7 is a further schematic sectional view of a system for producing the heating textile, Fig. 8 shows a further illustration of a system for producing a three-dimensional heating textile, Fig. 9 a further sectional view of another heating textile, and Fig. 10 a sectional view of a system for forming another three-dimensional grid element with integrated heating textile.

[0087] In Fig. Figure 1 shows a schematic plan view of a first embodiment of a heating textile 1, where L corresponds to the longitudinal direction, i.e. the transport direction, and A to the working width. It should also be noted that all Fig. The views shown in Figures 1 to 3 depict only the smallest repeating unit in the longitudinal direction. Advantageously, a plurality of these units is provided in the longitudinal direction L of the heating textile 1. The standing fiber strands are introduced in the longitudinal direction L, while the weft fiber strands are introduced in the direction of the working width A.

[0088] The heating textile 1 is formed from 0° fiber strands which extend in the longitudinal direction L and 90° fiber strands which extend in the working width direction A.

[0089] In the simplest case, as shown here, the weft fiber strands run at an angle α to the standing fiber strands. They can serve to support the heating textile 1 and / or to supply electrical energy via corresponding electrically conductive fiber strands 6a, 6b. In this example, the electrically conductive fiber strands 6a form the negative pole. This is formed from one or more electrically conductive fiber strands 6a or fiber strand bundles. These are spaced apart from one another. The electrically conductive fiber strands 6b form the positive pole. This can also be formed from one or more fiber strands or fiber strand bundles, which are also spaced apart from one another.

[0090] Furthermore, two groups of contacting means 10a, 10b are provided.

[0091] Coupling fiber strands 8 are provided for securing the standing fiber strands and weft fiber strands to one another. These can, as shown here, advantageously be selected and formed as a mesh in the form of a loop from the group consisting of French, tricot, cloth, satin, velvet, satin, and open twill. However, this is not to be understood as limiting, so that the securing can also be implemented by wrapping, looping, or the like.

[0092] Furthermore, at least one insulating element 12 is arranged. This is arranged between the electrically conductive fiber strands 6a, 6b and the contacting means 10b and decouples them from one another. The contacting means 10a, 10b are advantageously designed as contacting fiber strands. The contacting means 10b are also connected to the insulating element 12 via the coupling fiber strands 8, for example, by meshing or knitting. Additionally, the electrically conductive fiber strands 6a, 6b arranged below the insulating element 12 can also be encompassed by the meshing, so that the insulating element 12 is arranged firmly and non-slipping between the fiber strands 10a, 10b and 6a, 6b to be decoupled from one another. This successfully prevents a short circuit from occurring.

[0093] To prevent a short circuit between the positive and negative poles, a first fiber-strand-free recess 14 is arranged at the level of the electrically conductive fiber strands 6b. At the same time, this recess 14 is located between the two groups of contacting fiber strands 10a, 10b. In the simplest case, the recess 14 is designed as a punched-out section. In addition, the embodiment of the heating textile 1 has a further recess 16. This is arranged below the contacting fiber strand group 10b, in the insulating element 12 at the level of the electrically conductive fiber strands 6b. This second recess 16 is also designed as a punched-out hole. It serves to contact the contacting means 10b with the electrically conductive fiber strands 6b. However, this only occurs in the size and dimensions of the recess 16. The electrically conductive fiber strands 6a remain insulated.

[0094] In the simplest case, the contacting means 10a, 10b can also be designed as stranded wires and / or ribbons that group several fiber strands. Connection to a power source is achieved after exposing a few centimeters, which is sufficient for attaching a standard connector. Among other methods, contact can also be made by splicing, riveting, ultrasonic welding, laser welding, spot welding, soldering, or gluing to a power cable.

[0095] Furthermore, the heating textile 1 has energy-emitting fiber strands 2, which are introduced as standing fiber strands spaced from one another.

[0096] Fig. 2 shows a further embodiment of the heating textile 1. The same reference numerals as before correspond to the same components and are not explained again here.

[0097] As opposed to Fig. 1, shows the heating textile 1 in Fig. 2 an enlarged insulating element 12, which extends flatly and continuously beneath both contacting means groups 10a, 10b. In this embodiment, the recess 16 of Fig. 1, a further recess 16 is formed. This recess is located at the level of the electrically conductive fiber strands 6a below the contacting means 10a in the insulating element 12. This arrangement of the two recesses 16 also prevents an unwanted short circuit.

[0098] Both in Fig. 1 as well as in Fig. 2, the contacting means 10a, 10b are arranged closely adjacent to one another. This has the advantage that the contacting means 10a, 10b are fixed in their position. The heating textile made of standing fiber strands and weft fiber strands, which extends arbitrarily further to the right of the contacting means 10b in the plan view, can be manufactured and finished completely individually in its working width A. Consequently, the adjacent arrangement of the contacting means 10a, 10b offers a significantly higher degree of flexibility in the heating textile geometry than is even possible in the prior art.

[0099] In Fig. Figure 3 shows a third embodiment of a heating textile 1. Here, too, the same components as before correspond to the same reference numerals and will not be explained again.

[0100] This heating textile 1 also has standing fiber strands and weft fiber strands. In this exemplary embodiment, the contacting means 10a, 10b are arranged widely spaced from one another, opposite one another, advantageously on and / or in the respective edge regions of the heating textile 1. This design is designed without insulating elements. To prevent a short circuit, this heating textile 1 has two fiber-strand-free recesses 14. Both recesses 14 individually interrupt the electrically conductive fiber strands 6a, 6b.

[0101] In Fig. 4 is the side view of the Fig. 1 (above), the Fig. 2 (middle) and the Fig. 3 (below). Here, it can be seen that the insulating elements 12 are positioned differently or even completely omitted. In addition, the contacting means 10a, 10b are arranged at different distances from one another. Furthermore, the knitted and / or crocheted and / or laid loops of the at least one coupling fiber strand 8 are shown. It can be seen that the loops encompass both the standing fiber strands and the weft fiber strands at their intersection points and thus fix them. If an insulating element 12 is provided, it can also be seen that the loops extend through the insulating element 12, so that the insulating element 12 is processed between the standing fiber strands 2 and the weft fiber strands 4.

[0102] Particularly when meshing the intersection points of only standing fiber strands 2 and weft fiber strands 4, i.e., without insulating element 12, the tight mesh pattern around the respective intersection point is evident. This close arrangement of the meshes of at least one coupling fiber strand 8 eliminates virtually any free space between the fiber strand and the mesh. This is particularly effective when the technical textile grid element produced in this way is subsequently coated with plastic as corrosion protection. The coating can be applied particularly effectively due to the tight mesh formation. Excessive accumulation of coating material in the free spaces is avoided, thereby significantly increasing the processability and durability of the technical heating textile. Unwanted coating material stresses and fractures are also avoided.

[0103] In Fig. 5 shows a three-dimensional textile 20 which has at least one heating textile 1 described here integrated as a cover surface 44 and / or as a base surface 46 with spacer fiber strands 40. The same reference numerals as before correspond to the same components and will not be explained again. This is the first time that a three-dimensional technical textile 20 with a heating function has been formed. This can be used, for example, for road construction for de-icing bridges, heating elements with textile reinforcement, seat cushions, lying pads or mats (e.g., mattresses / sports mats), yoga or relaxation mats, for the direct temperature control of plants in planters or in the ground, or as a reinforcement element in building construction or civil engineering. The spacer fiber strands 40 are to be understood as spacer elements and can, for example, be designed as pile threads, as described above.

[0104] In Fig. 6 shows a schematic side view of a system S required for producing the heating textile 1. The system S comprises, in particular, a weft fiber strand feed (not shown) that introduces the weft fiber strands. Weft fiber strands can be understood as electrically conductive fiber strands 6a, 6b or also supporting fiber strands 4.

[0105] At least one standing fiber strand feed 22 is arranged above the weft fiber strands. This feeds the standing fiber strands to the processing plane B. In this exemplary embodiment, the contacting means 10a, 10b and the energy-emitting fiber strands 2 are fed to the processing plane via the standing fiber feed.

[0106] Furthermore, several hole needles 24 are arranged above the processing plane B, which provide the coupling fiber strands 8.

[0107] Below processing level B, where the overstitching or knitting takes place, are needle 26, knock-off element 28, and slider element 30. The needle 26 is first guided from bottom to top through processing level B so that the needle 26 can grip the supplied coupling fiber strands 8 above processing level B. Subsequently, the needle 26 is guided back down through processing level B, where it is then stitched off via the slider element 28.

[0108] Optionally, in this exemplary embodiment, at least one insulating element 12 is also introduced. It is fed directly below the standing fiber strand layer and above the weft fiber strand layer. The insulating element 12 is thus arranged between the weft fiber strands and the standing fiber strands. In the simplest case, the at least one insulating element 12 is fed to the processing process via a conveyor device 32. For this purpose, the conveyor device can, for example, have several deflection rollers whose conveying tension is adjustable. This ensures that the insulating element is fed to the processing process at the appropriate speed. Tension or waviness of the insulating element 12 is thus prevented.

[0109] At the end of the processing or manufacturing process, the heating textile produced is removed. This can now be done as in Fig. 6 shown flat, for example at an angle of 5 to 30° with respect to the horizontal machining plane B in this embodiment.

[0110] In Fig. 7 shows the same structure as in Fig. 6. The same reference symbols correspond to the same components. However, Fig. 7 the take-off of the heating textile 1. This is designed to be considerably steeper, for example in a range of 35 to 75° relative to the horizontal processing plane B. This ensures, particularly in an applied knitting process, that the formed loops of the coupling fibre strands are pulled particularly tightly around the fibre strands to be connected.

[0111] In Fig. 8 also shows a schematic side view of the system S. Here, too, the same reference numerals refer to the same components, as previously explained. The difference to Fig. 1 consists in producing a three-dimensional textile 20. Thus, several layers 34 of weft fiber strands are introduced, which are then, as described above, appropriately interlaced and knitted or woven with the coupling fiber strands 8. The thickness of the three-dimensional textile 20 can be selected as desired.

[0112] In Fig. 9 shows a further schematic view of a system S by means of which a further embodiment of the heating textile 1 described here can be produced. In addition to the components already explained, in this exemplary embodiment, fiber chips 36 are fed underneath the weft fiber strands. These are positioned by means of a fiber chip holding element 38. In the simplest case, the fiber chip holding element 38 can be designed as a hold-down device and feed the fiber chips 36 in a controlled manner, for example flat, to the processing plane B. Both natural and synthetic fiber chips, such as fiber-reinforced plastics, which are used, for example, in vehicle construction, wind power, aircraft and shipbuilding or the like, can be considered as fiber chips.

[0113] Finally, Fig. 10 shows a further schematic view of system S, with which another alternative embodiment of the heated textile 1 is implemented. Here, the processing plane B is tilted by 90°, so that the actual warp knitting or weaving process takes place in a vertical direction. This differs from the above examples, where the processing takes place in a horizontal orientation.

[0114] In the cross-section of a double-bar knitting machine with 90° weft insertion shown here, the heated textile 1 is produced with the following special features. The standing fiber strand feed 22 can be designed as a laying bar or with a standing fiber strand feed (similar to the Fig. 6-9). The energy-emitting fiber strands 2 and / or the coupling fiber strands 8 are introduced with it. The thread feed for stitch formation, which connects the textiles together, in particular the contacting means 10a, 10b, are firmly contacted with the electrically conductive fiber strands 6a, 6b and / or the supporting fiber strands 4.

[0115] To form the stitch, the coupling fiber strands 8 are worked with the guide needle 24. It should be emphasized that up to 75 mm 2 Contacting means 10a, 10b are processed to a width of 15 mm by multiple insertion simultaneously with a single insertion of energy-emitting fiber strands 2.

[0116] The insulating element 12 with variably inserted recesses 14 or 16, which in the simplest case are punched out and used for contacting, is fed via the conveyor device 32. The feeding takes place via individual, product-dependent strips, which can be arranged on a shaft with coils.

[0117] The electrically conductive fiber strands 6a, 6b are fed, if necessary alternately, to the supporting fiber strands 4, at 90° to the guide needle 24. In warp knitting machines and / or scrim machines, the weft insertion may deviate by + / -60° from 90°.

[0118] The energy-emitting fiber strands 2 are fed through the standing fiber strand feeder 22. At the points with the contacting means 10a, 10b, a multiple feed occurs in the thread feeders to achieve a higher square (E3-E44). These are arranged directly in front of the needle bar. In the standing fiber strand feeder 22, a guide rail, similar to Fig.6-9, the contacting means 10a, 10b are drawn in parallel with the energy-emitting fiber strands 2 in a bar. The energy-emitting fiber strands 2 can also be fed into the processing process additionally or simultaneously via the laying rail 24.

[0119] The spacer fiber strands 40 are interwoven with the textile surfaces in a knitting process. The standing fiber strands and weft fiber strands, in combination with a gauze, tricot, cloth, satin, velvet, satin, or open twill, each form a textile surface into which the spacer fiber strands are interwoven.

[0120] Although the invention is illustrated and described in detail by the advantageous embodiments described herein, the invention is not limited to the disclosed examples, and other variations may be derived therefrom by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. In particular, the present invention is not limited to the following combination of features, but other combinations and subcombinations that are obvious to those skilled in the art can also be formed from the disclosed features. List of reference symbols 1 heating textile 2 energy-emitting fiber strands 4 supporting fiber strands 6a, 6b electrically conductive fiber strands 8 coupling fiber strands 10a, 10b Contacting agents 12 Insulating element 14, 16 recess 20 3D textile 22 Standing fiber strand feed 24 eyelet needles 26 needle 28 tee element 30 slide element 32 conveyor system 34 layers 36 fiber chips 38 Fiber chip holding element 40 spacer fiber strands 42 weft thread feeders 44 deck area 46 floor space B processing level S System L longitudinal direction A Working width

Claims

[1] Heating textile for transferring heat to an environment, comprising at least: a. Electrically conductive fiber strands (6a; 6b) for conducting electrical energy, b. Energy-emitting fiber strands (2) for heating the environment, c. contacting means (10a; 10b) for forming at least one closed circuit, and d. at least one coupling fiber strand (8) for contacting the energy-emitting fiber strands (2) with the electrically conductive fiber strands (6a; 6b) and / or the contacting means (10a; 10b) with the electrically conductive fiber strands (6a; 6b), wherein the electrically conductive fiber strands (6a; 6b), the contacting fiber strands (10a; 10b) and the energy-emitting fiber strands (2) are designed as standing fiber strands and as weft fiber strands, wherein the at least one coupling fiber strand (8) is knitted and / or laid and / or knitted in a mesh-like manner directly or indirectly around the standing fiber strands and weft fiber strands in order to connect them to one another, and wherein the standing fiber strands are coupled to the weft fiber strands at intersection points via the at least one coupling fiber strand (8), wherein the contacting means (10a; 10b) are designed as contacting fiber strands, wherein at least one insulating element (12) is arranged between contacting means (10a; 10b) and electrically conductive fiber strands (6a; 6b), wherein the contacting fiber strands (10a; 10b) are connected to the at least one insulating element (12) via the coupling fiber strands (8). [2] Heating textile according to claim 1, characterized by that it further comprises supporting fibre strands (4) for stabilising the same. [3] Heating textile according to claim 1, characterized bythat the heating textile (1) is designed as a scrim, knitted fabric or warp-knitted fabric. [4] Heating textile according to claim 1, characterized by that the heating textile (1) has at least one first recess (14) which is free of fiber strands. [5] Heating textile according to claim 1, characterized by that the standing and weft fiber strands have an angle of 30° to 150° to each other. [6] Heating textile according to claim 1 and 2, characterized by that the energy-emitting fiber strands (2) and / or the electrically conductive fiber strands (6a; 6b) and / or the supporting fiber strands (4) and / or the contacting means (10a; 10b) are formed from electrically conductive, non-insulated materials such as metals and their compounds, alloys and their compounds, organic materials such as carbon-containing materials, electrically conductive polymers, metallized fiber strands, inorganic materials such as glass fibers, and / or a mixture thereof. [7] Heating textile according to claim 1, characterized by that it is two-dimensional or three-dimensional. [8] A method for producing a heating textile according to at least one of the preceding claims, comprising at least the steps: a. Providing at least one standing fiber strand feed (22) for feeding standing fiber strands, b. Providing at least one weft fiber strand feed for feeding numerous weft fiber strands arranged at a distance from one another, Coupling standing fibre strands and weft fibre strands to one another by simultaneously knitting or laying at least one coupling fibre strand (8) to form mesh-like connections, wherein a further step is carried out between steps b) and c) in which at least one insulating element (12) is introduced between the standing fibre strands and the weft fibre strands. [9] Method according to claim 8, characterized bythat the knitted heating textile (1) is pulled off flat and / or steeply. [10] Use of the heating textile (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims in motor vehicle interiors for heating interior trim, vehicle seats, in greenhouses for the direct temperature control of plant pots, outdoors for the temperature control of plants growing above them, as seat cushions, lying pads or mats, for example in the form of mattress components, sports mat components, yoga mat components or relaxation mat components, in the construction sector for heating building parts such as ceilings and / or walls and / or as a textile reinforcement element.

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