HOLDING ARRANGEMENT FOR A TELESCOPE AND TELESCOPE

Abstract

The invention relates to a holding arrangement (24) for a telescope (10), which is designed in particular for optical communication in space, in which a solar filter (16) is held in an opening (28) of a housing (20) of the telescope (10), through which light used for optical communication can shine into the housing (20), wherein a damping device (26) with at least one damping element is provided, by means of which the solar filter (16) is supported radially and axially against the housing (20) and vibration-damped.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a holding arrangement for a telescope and a telescope.

[0002] To transmit large amounts of data quickly and reliably in space between satellites and / or between satellites and Earth, telescopes can be used for optical communication. These telescopes are designed to communicate with each other using light beams within a specific wavelength range. For this purpose, the telescopes involved in the optical communication can be configured to emit and / or detect light within this wavelength range. It is possible that sunlight emitted by the sun may interfere with the light signals exchanged between the telescopes, especially if sunlight enters at least one of them.

[0003] The object of the present invention is to provide a solution by which a solar filter can be held particularly securely on a telescope.

[0004] The object of the invention is achieved according to the invention by the subject matter of the independent claims. Further possible embodiments of the invention are specified in the dependent claims, the description, and the drawings. Features, advantages, and possible embodiments set forth in the description for one of the subject matter of the independent claims are to be regarded, at least analogously, as features, advantages, and possible embodiments of the respective subject matter of the other independent claims, as well as of any possible combination of the subject matter of the independent claims, optionally in conjunction with one or more of the dependent claims.

[0005] The invention relates to a mounting arrangement for a telescope, which is specifically designed for optical communication in space. The telescope enables satellites in space to communicate with each other via laser signals. This allows for secure data exchange between satellites at particularly high speeds. Furthermore, the telescope can be used to communicate with a component in space, for example, a satellite, and a ground station on Earth. The telescope can thus be used for optical free-space communication in space. Satellites can therefore be optically networked with each other or with respective ground stations on Earth using appropriate telescopes.

[0006] In this mounting arrangement, a solar filter is held in an opening of the telescope housing. Light used for optical communication can enter the housing, or an interior space enclosed by the housing, through this opening. The solar filter is typically made of a non-metallic material. The housing is typically made of a metallic material. The solar filter is a filter element designed to filter out light of at least one predetermined wavelength. Specifically, the solar filter is designed to filter out light of a wavelength typically emitted by the sun.In particular, the solar filter is designed to allow only light with wavelengths within the useful wavelength range of light used for optical communication in space to pass through. In other words, the solar filter is transparent to the light used for optical communication in space and is designed to prevent sunlight from entering the telescope's interior, enclosed by the housing. This ensures that optical communication in space via the telescope is minimally affected by sunlight.

[0007] The mounting assembly comprises a damping device with at least one damping element, by means of which the solar filter is radially and axially supported against the housing and vibration-damped. The damping element is, in particular, made of a polymer-based material. For example, during a rocket launch, the solar filter can be subjected to high acceleration forces or shock waves and thereby accelerated axially and / or radially towards the housing. By means of the at least one damping element, by means of which the solar filter is radially and axially supported against the housing and vibration-damped, breakage of the solar filter due to the high axial and / or radial acceleration of the solar filter relative to the housing can be particularly well prevented.The mounting arrangement significantly reduces the risk of damage to the solar filter during rocket launch and as a result of temperature-related expansion of the solar filter or its housing.

[0008] As a result, a particularly high durability of a telescope comprising the holding assembly can be achieved.

[0009] In a possible further development of the invention, the at least one damping element comprises polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or polyetheretherketone (PEEK). PTFE is an unbranched, linear, semi-crystalline polymer of fluorine and carbon. Colloquially, PTFE is often referred to as Teflon. PTFE is a thermoplastic. PTFE has a particularly low coefficient of friction and is very soft, which allows it to conform to the housing and the sun filter. This enables a particularly large contact area between the sun filter and the damping element, as well as between the damping element and the housing. Consequently, particularly good force distribution can be achieved, which effectively reduces stress peaks.PEEK is a high-temperature-resistant, semi-crystalline thermoplastic with a maximum crystallinity of 48%, belonging to the polyaryletherketone group. PEEK is resistant to almost all organic and inorganic chemicals, high-energy electromagnetic waves such as gamma and X-rays, and hydrolysis up to approximately 280 °C. Therefore, a particularly high durability of at least one damping element can be achieved if it incorporates PEEK, especially if it is made of PEEK.

[0010] In a further possible embodiment of the invention, the at least one damping element comprises electrically conductive particles. For example, the at least one damping element can comprise carbon particles. By designing the at least one damping element with the electrically conductive particles, the entire at least one damping element can be electrically conductive. Consequently, an electrically conductive connection between the solar filter and the housing can be established by means of the at least one damping element. This effectively prevents a high potential difference between the solar filter and the housing. A high electrical potential difference between the solar filter and the housing can lead to the formation of an arc between the housing and the solar filter.Such a voltage breakdown can be particularly well avoided by electrically connecting the solar filter to the housing. Different potential differences between the solar filter and the housing can occur when using a telescope in space that includes the mounting assembly, due to varying frequency of contact with cosmic particles. The design of the at least one damping element with the electrically conductive particles allows the electrically conductive connection of the solar filter to the housing to be achieved solely via this at least one damping element, without the need for any additional components.

[0011] In a further possible embodiment of the invention, two damping rings are provided as damping elements, each having an L-shaped profile, whereby each damping ring supports the solar filter both radially and axially against the housing. Here, the damping rings support the solar filter against the housing on axially opposite sides. Each damping ring surrounds the solar filter radially outwards over its entire circumference. In a circular disk-shaped or disc-shaped annular configuration of the solar filter, each of the circumferential edges that radially delimit the solar filter is encompassed or covered outwards by one of the damping rings.Because each damping ring rests against one of the outer edges of the solar filter, the respective damping rings are positioned clearly and precisely both relative to each other and relative to the solar filter. Furthermore, the design of the damping device with the two damping rings allows for particularly easy assembly of the mounting assembly, as the damping rings are placed against the solar filter from axially opposite sides and wrapped around the respective outer edge of the solar filter. The mounting assembly can thus be installed very easily, and the L-shaped profile of the damping rings allows for a particularly simple damping device with very few damping elements, thereby enabling reliable radial and axial damping of the solar filter against the housing.The L-shaped profile of the respective damping rings refers to the fact that each damping ring has an L-shaped cross-section, which is formed when the ring is cut in a plane defined by both the radial and axial directions. One leg of the L-shaped cross-section projects radially inwards from the central axis of the damping ring, while the other leg projects axially from the damping ring. This L-shaped profile allows a single damping ring to provide both axial support for the solar filter against the housing and radial support for the solar filter against the housing.

[0012] In this context, a further development of the invention may provide that at least one of the damping rings has a radially projecting, circumferentially encircling collar, the free end of which is radially supported on the inside of the housing. This circumferentially encircling collar is a type of nose that projects radially outwards on the respective damping ring. This collar extends over the entire circumference of the respective damping ring on its outer surface. In the case of strong radial accelerations of the solar filter relative to the housing, where the solar filter is pressed radially towards a wall of the housing that defines the opening, stress peaks can be particularly effectively dissipated by means of this collar.Furthermore, this circumferential collar allows for particularly good compensation of thermal expansions of the housing and / or the solar filter caused by temperature changes, thereby keeping mechanical stresses in the solar filter or in the housing particularly low through damping by means of the collar.

[0013] In a further possible embodiment of the invention, a first damping ring, which axially supports the solar filter against the housing on a side facing the telescope's surroundings, is made of a PTFE-containing material, in particular PTFE, and the second damping ring, which axially supports the solar filter against the housing on a side facing the telescope's interior, is made of a PEEK-containing material, in particular PEEK. This means that the first damping ring and the second damping ring are made of different materials. Since the solar filter covers the opening facing the telescope's surroundings, the solar filter has a first side facing the telescope's surroundings and a second side facing the telescope's interior.The first side of the solar filter thus seals the telescope directly to the outside when the mounting bracket is used as intended, while the second side of the solar filter faces inwards towards the telescope. As previously described, the PTFE damping ring minimizes mechanical stress peaks between the solar filter and the housing. To achieve exceptional durability of the PTFE damping ring, it can be designed so that the housing covers the PTFE-enclosed damping ring on the outside, shielding it from radioactive radiation. This ensures a particularly long service life for the first damping ring.Should PTFE crumble due to aging, the placement of the first damping ring on the front side of the solar filter would prevent these crumbles from entering the telescope's interior. Instead, when the mounting bracket is used correctly, they would detach and disperse into space. PEEK is significantly more radiation-resistant than PTFE. Therefore, the second damping ring, located on the other side of the solar filter, does not need to be completely shielded from radioactive radiation by the housing. Furthermore, the risk of PEEK crumbling is particularly low, allowing it to be positioned on the side of the solar filter facing the telescope's interior when the mounting bracket is used correctly.

[0014] In another possible embodiment of the invention, the solar filter is made of a silicon-based material. Silicon exhibits particularly high thermal conductivity. The silicon-based solar filter thus enables particularly good temperature equalization between the solar filter and the housing. Consequently, temperature differences between the solar filter and the housing can be kept especially low. Furthermore, silicon is not transparent to visible light. This means that sunlight can be filtered out particularly effectively with the silicon-based solar filter. By using the silicon-based material for manufacturing the solar filter, the solar filter can have a particularly simple design, since a sunlight-filtering coating of the solar filter is not strictly necessary.Furthermore, silicon is electrically conductive, which allows the solar filter to be connected to the housing via the damping device in a particularly simple and reliable electrical manner. This effectively prevents high potential differences between the solar filter and the housing.

[0015] In a further possible embodiment of the invention, the housing is made of a material comprising aluminum and / or titanium. Aluminum exhibits particularly high strength at a particularly low weight, as well as particularly high thermal conductivity. The housing can therefore be designed to be particularly lightweight with particularly high strength. Furthermore, by designing the housing from the aluminum-comprising material, temperature differences within the housing and, consequently, temperature-induced mechanical stresses can be kept particularly low. Titanium is particularly lightweight, corrosion- and temperature-resistant, as well as mechanically strong and ductile. The housing made of the titanium-comprising material can thus be provided with a particularly low weight, particularly corrosion- and temperature-resistant properties, and particularly high strength.

[0016] In a further possible embodiment of the invention, the housing comprises a socket and a screw ring, which are held together by a screw connection and axially cover the solar filter in a peripheral region on opposite sides. The solar filter can thus be arranged axially between the socket and the screw ring. The design of the housing with the socket and the screw ring allows for particularly easy positioning of the solar filter relative to the housing, as well as particularly easy retention of the solar filter in the opening of the housing or covering the opening of the housing. It is possible for the socket to have a circumferential ring with an external thread, into the opening of which the solar filter can be inserted such that the solar filter is radially covered by the ring around its entire circumference.The screw ring can, in turn, be screwed into the external thread of the socket ring using its internal thread. In a radially outer edge region, the solar filter can be axially covered by the screw ring on one side and axially covered by the socket on the opposite side. The socket and screw ring thus allow for particularly precise axial positioning of the solar filter and secure retention within the housing opening.

[0017] The invention further relates to a telescope, particularly of Cassegrain design, which is specifically designed for optical communication in space. The telescope comprises a mounting arrangement as already described in connection with the mounting arrangement according to the invention. The telescope further comprises a primary mirror and a secondary mirror, which are arranged in an interior space enclosed by the housing of the telescope. Light entering the housing of the telescope first passes through the solar filter, strikes the primary mirror, and is reflected by the primary mirror to the secondary mirror. By means of the secondary mirror, the light can be reflected to a detection device.

[0018] The telescope was therefore a reflecting telescope with a primary mirror and a secondary mirror. In a Cassegrain telescope, beams focused by the primary mirror are directed through the secondary mirror, via an aperture in the primary mirror, to a receiver. This receiver can be the detection device. The primary mirror is, in particular, concave spherical, or more specifically concave-parabolic, and reflects the light to the scattering secondary mirror, which is, in particular, convex-hyperbolic. The secondary mirror is, in particular, arranged such that its virtual focal point, located on its concave side, coincides with the focal point of the primary mirror. Its focal point, located on its convex side, points in the direction of the primary mirror.The receiver can be positioned in front of the primary mirror, and thus between the secondary and primary mirrors, or the rays reflected by the secondary mirror can reach the receiver through the aperture of the primary mirror. Because the secondary mirror is closer to the primary mirror than its focal point, the Cassegrain telescope can be built with a particularly compact design. The secondary mirror can also be called the secondary mirror. The primary mirror can also be called the main mirror. The telescope enables satellites in space to communicate with each other using laser signals. This allows for secure data exchange between satellites at extremely high speeds.The design of the telescope with the holding arrangement enables a particularly secure holding of the solar filter by means of the housing, whereby the risk of damage to the solar filter as a result of mechanical stresses caused by acceleration of the solar filter or temperature-related material expansion can be kept particularly low.

[0019] The detection device allows for the analysis of a signal characterized by light entering the telescope. For example, the detection device can include at least one photodiode. A photodiode is a semiconductor diode that converts light into an electric current through an internal photoelectric effect or exhibits an illumination-dependent resistance. The photodiode is used to receive information transmitted via light.

[0020] Further features of the invention may become apparent from the following description of the figures and from the drawings. The features and combinations of features mentioned above in the description, as well as the features and combinations of features shown below in the description of the figures and / or in the figures themselves, can be used not only in the combinations specified, but also in other combinations or individually, without departing from the scope of the invention.

[0021] The drawing shows in: Fig. 1 a schematic sectional view of a telescope; Fig. 2 a schematic sectional view of a section of the in Fig. 1 telescope shown; Fig. 3 a schematic partial section of a holding arrangement in a first embodiment, in which a solar filter is supported against a housing of the telescope by means of a damping device; and Fig. 4 a schematic sectional view of the section of the holding arrangement in a second embodiment.

[0022] Identical or functionally equivalent elements are marked with the same reference symbols in the figures.

[0023] The drawing shows in Fig. 1 A telescope 10, in this case of Cassegrain design, which is set up for optical communication in space. The telescope 10 comprises a primary mirror 12, a secondary mirror 14, a solar filter 16, a lens 18 and a housing 20.

[0024] The following describes the path of light entering telescope 10. The path of light provided by telescope 10, particularly for optical communication in space, follows the same path but in precisely the opposite direction. Light entering telescope 10 passes through the solar filter 16. This light then strikes the primary mirror 12 and is reflected back onto the secondary mirror 14. The secondary mirror 14 reflects the light back towards the primary mirror 12, with the light reflected by the secondary mirror 14 passing through a central aperture 22 of the primary mirror 12. After passing through the aperture 22 of the primary mirror 12, the light can reach a detection device of telescope 10, which is not explicitly shown in the figures.The detection device allows the analysis of light, in particular a light signal characterized by the light. The detection device is arranged, in particular, on a side of the primary mirror 12 facing away from the secondary mirror 14, and in particular on a side of the objective lens 18 facing away from the primary mirror 12. Specifically, it is provided that light incident on the telescope 10 is focused onto the detection device by means of the objective lens 18.

[0025] As in Fig. To ensure that the optical axis can be clearly seen, the Cassegrain telescope 10 is designed so that the respective central axes of the solar filter 16, the secondary mirror 14, the primary mirror 12, and also the objective lens 18 lie on a common axis, in particular the optical axis of the telescope 10. The optical axis is a straight line that runs through the center of the telescope 10 and represents an axis of symmetry of the rotationally symmetric telescope 10.

[0026] Fragile components of the telescope 10, such as the solar filter 16, are subjected to high acceleration forces and shock waves during rocket launch and are prone to breakage. Furthermore, during operation of the telescope 10, changes in the position of the solar filter 16 relative to the housing 20 due to differing thermal expansion rates between the metal and glass components must be compensated for. Additionally, to prevent the formation of arcs between the solar filter 16 and the housing 20, an electrically conductive connection between the non-metallic solar filter 16 and the metallic housing 20 must be provided. To fulfill all these functions, the telescope 10 includes a mounting assembly 24. The mounting assembly 24 comprises the solar filter 16, the housing 20, and a damping device 26. The area of ​​the mounting assembly 24 of the telescope 10 is in Fig. Figure 2 is shown enlarged. The solar filter 16 is arranged in an opening 28 of the housing 20. In this case, the solar filter 16 is designed to completely cover the opening 28. Thus, the solar filter 16 partially seals off the telescope 10 from its surroundings with its first side 30, which faces the environment. Furthermore, the solar filter 16 has a second side 32 opposite the first side 30, which faces an interior space of the telescope 10 in which the primary mirror 12 and the secondary mirror 14 are arranged. In this case, the solar filter 16 is made of a silicon-based material and has the form of a circular, flat plate. An axial direction A of the solar filter 16 runs along the shortest path from the first side 30 to the second side 32 and is parallel to the central axis of the telescope 10, with respect to which the telescope 10 is rotationally symmetrical.A radial direction R of the solar filter 16 is perpendicular to the axial direction A and extends radially outwards from a central axis of the solar filter 16 that runs parallel to the axial direction A.

[0027] The housing 20 is made of a metallic material, in this case an aluminum and / or titanium material. The housing 20 further comprises a socket 34 and a screw ring 36. The screw ring 36 and the socket 34 can be reversibly fastened to one another by means of a screw connection 38. When the holding arrangement 24 is used as intended on the telescope 10, it is provided that in a radial edge region of the solar filter 16, the solar filter 16 is partially covered axially outwards by the screw ring 36 on its first side 30 and is partially covered axially by the socket 34 on its second side 32, which is opposite the first side 30.

[0028] As in Fig. As can be seen particularly well, the holding arrangement 24 comprises, in addition to the solar filter 16 and the housing 20, the damping device 26. The damping device 26 comprises at least one damping element, in this case two damping elements designed as damping rings 40. By means of the damping device 26, the solar filter 16 is supported against the housing 20, in this case against the socket 34 and the screw ring 36, both radially R and axially A towards the opposite sides 30, 32. In this case, it is provided that a first damping ring 42 comprises PTFE and the second damping ring 44 comprises PEEK. At least one of the damping rings 40 can comprise electrically conductive particles for an electrically conductive connection of the solar filter 16 to the housing 20.

[0029] As in Fig. 2. To ensure that the first damping ring 42, comprising PTFE, axially supports the solar filter 16 on the first side 30 against the housing 20, in this case the screw ring 36, and the second damping ring 44, comprising PEEK, supports the solar filter 16 on the second side 32 against the housing 20, in this case against the socket 34. In the Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 is the damping device 26 in a first embodiment and in Fig. 4 in a second embodiment. In each embodiment, the first damping ring 42 is completely covered on the outside by the screw ring 36, thereby providing particularly good protection for the PTFE-enclosing first damping ring 42 against gamma radiation exposure.

[0030] In each embodiment, the damping rings 40 are provided to each have an at least substantially L-shaped profile in the Fig. The cross-section shown in Figures 2 to 4 is such that each of the damping rings 40 can support the solar filter 16 both radially and axially against the housing 20. The first damping ring 42 supports the solar filter 16 axially against the screw ring 36 on the first side 30, and the second damping ring 44 supports the solar filter 16 axially against the socket 34 on the second side 32.

[0031] At least one of the damping rings 40, in this case both of the damping rings 40, exhibit defects when tested in the Fig. 2 and Fig. In the first embodiment shown in Figure 3, a radially projecting collar 46 is provided, extending circumferentially. The free end of this collar 46 rests radially on the inside of the housing 20, in this case, the socket 34. The respective damping rings 40 are thus radially supported against the housing 20, in this case, the socket 34, by means of the respective collars 46. In the embodiment shown in Fig. In the second embodiment of the damping device 26 shown in Figure 4, the damping rings 40 are designed free of the radially projecting collar 46, which is supported at its free end on the housing 20. In the present case, the first damping ring 42, as shown in Figure 4, has a radially projecting collar 46, which is supported at its free end on the housing 20. Fig. In the embodiment shown in Figure 4, a radially outwardly projecting protrusion 48 is provided, which is arranged axially between the socket 34 and the screw ring 36. In the present case, there is no radial support of the first damping ring 42 via the protrusion 48 against the housing 20 in the radial direction shown in Figure 4. Fig. 4 second embodiment shown.

[0032] The disc-shaped solar filter 16, made of silicon-based material, has a diameter of 105 mm and a thickness of 4 mm in the axial direction A. The solar filter 16 is clamped axially between the two damping rings 40 by tightening the screw ring 36 against the socket 34. The damping rings 40 enclose portions of the cylindrical surface of the solar filter 16. In the first embodiment, at least one of the damping rings 40, and in particular both damping rings 40, has a circumferential lug, and thus a collar 46, machined onto it. During strong radial accelerations, in which the solar filter 16 is pressed radially towards the housing 20, this collar 46 dissipates stress peaks more effectively than an unstructured, smooth outer surface of the respective damping rings 40.

[0033] In space, components are exposed to large temperature fluctuations when illuminated by the sun or in shadow. The resulting thermal expansion of components of the telescope 10 can cause the solar filter 16 to move radially closer to the housing 20. The damping device 26 prevents direct radial contact between the solar filter 16 and the housing 20 and serves to minimize mechanical stresses in the solar filter 16.

[0034] As an alternative to the configuration of the damping device 26 with the two damping rings 40, the damping device 26 can comprise a single annular damping element with a U-shaped cross-section, wherein this damping element is folded around the radially outer edge of the solar filter 16 such that this edge is encompassed by the damping element. The edge of the solar filter 16 is thus arranged in the recess or at the base of the U-shaped cross-section of the damping element.

[0035] Overall, the invention demonstrates how a damping mounting of the solar filter 16 in the space telescope 10 can be achieved. The described holding arrangement 24 makes it possible to avoid gluing the solar filter 16 to the housing 20. REFERENCE MARK LIST 10 Telescope 12 Primary mirrors 14 Secondary mirrors 16 solar filters 18 lens 20 cases 22 Opening of the primary mirror 24 Holding arrangement 26 Damping device 28 Opening the case 30 first page of the solar filter 32 second side of the solar filter Version 34 36 screw ring 38 screw connection 40 damping ring 42 first damping ring 44 second damping ring 46 collars 48 Overhang A axial direction R radial direction

Claims

[1] Holding arrangement (24) for a telescope (10), which is designed in particular for optical communication in space, in which a solar filter (16) is held in an opening (28) of a housing (20) of the telescope (10), through which light used for optical communication can shine into the housing (20), wherein a damping device (26) with at least one damping element is provided, by means of which the solar filter (16) is supported radially and axially against the housing (20) and is vibration-damped. [2] Holding arrangement (24) according to claim 1, characterized by that it comprises at least one damping element made of polytetrafluoroethylene or polyetheretherketone. [3] Holding arrangement (24) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by that at least one damping element comprises electrically conductive particles. [4] Holding arrangement (24) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by, that two damping rings (40) are provided as damping elements, each having an L-shaped profile, whereby each of the damping rings (40) supports the solar filter (16) both radially and axially against the housing (20), wherein the damping rings (40) support the solar filter (16) against the housing (20) on axially opposite sides (30, 32). [5] Holding arrangement (24) according to claim 4, characterized by , that at least one of the damping rings (40) has a radially projecting, circumferentially circumferential collar (46) which is supported radially on the inside of the housing (20) with its free end. [6] Holding arrangement (24) according to claim 4 or 5, characterized by, that a first of the damping rings (42), which supports the solar filter (16) axially against the housing (20) on a first side (30) of the solar filter (16) oriented towards the vicinity of the telescope (10), is made of a material comprising polytetrafluoroethylene and the second damping ring (44), which supports the solar filter (16) axially against the housing (20) on a second side (32) of the solar filter (16) oriented towards an interior of the telescope (10), is made of a material comprising polyetheretherketone. [7] Holding arrangement (24) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by , that the solar filter (16) is made of a silicon-containing material. [8] Holding arrangement (24) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by , that the housing (20) is made of a material comprising aluminium and / or titanium. [9] Holding arrangement (24) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by , that the housing (20) comprises a socket (34) and a screw ring (36) which are held together by means of a screw connection (38) and axially cover the solar filter (16) in an edge area on opposite sides (30, 32). [10] Telescope (10), in particular in Cassegrain design, which is particularly designed for optical communication in space, with a holding arrangement (24) according to one of the preceding claims, with a primary mirror (12) and a secondary mirror (14) which are arranged in an interior space of the telescope (10) enclosed by the housing (20), wherein light incident into the housing (20) of the telescope (10) passes through the solar filter (16), strikes the primary mirror (12) and is reflected by means of the primary mirror (12) to the secondary mirror (14), by means of which the light can be reflected to a detection device.

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