Method for determining operating point data for controlling a separately excited synchronous machine, computer system and vehicle

Abstract

A method (100) for determining operating point data for controlling a separately excited synchronous machine (2) is disclosed, comprising: acquiring a provided thermal model (110) of the separately excited synchronous machine (2); acquiring provided control data (120) comprising operating point characteristics for controlling the separately excited synchronous machine (2); acquiring provided temperature data (130) comprising a temperature during operation of the separately excited synchronous machine (2); and determining the operating point data (140) based on the control data and the thermal model as a function of the temperature data.

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for determining operating point data for controlling a separately excited synchronous machine. The invention further relates to a computer system configured and programmed to execute the method and to a vehicle with a separately excited synchronous machine that is controlled by the operating point data.

[0002] Methods for controlling separately excited synchronous machines are known in the prior art. These methods control the machine in such a way as to maximize its efficiency and / or torque. The efficiency and / or torque can be controlled, for example, by means of an operating point. However, during continuous operation of the separately excited synchronous machine, the efficiency and / or achievable torque can decrease continuously due to external influences and / or effects caused by the operation itself, resulting in a decrease in the power density of the separately excited synchronous machine compared to its potential power density.

[0003] Furthermore, known methods require external devices for cooling or reducing or slowing down the temperature increase, in particular of a rotor, of the separately excited synchronous machine.

[0004] The object of the present invention is therefore to provide a technology that is more advanced than the prior art. In particular, a separately excited synchronous machine is to be controlled in such a way that it can be operated with the most constant possible power density and / or a more optimal temperature distribution of the separately excited synchronous machine can be achieved.

[0005] This problem is solved by articles with the features according to the independent claims. Advantageous embodiments are the subject of the dependent claims.

[0006] A method for determining operating point data for controlling a separately excited synchronous machine is disclosed.

[0007] The operating point data can, for example, comprise one or more operating point values ​​that define an operating point of the separately excited synchronous machine. These multiple operating point values ​​can, for example, represent an operating characteristic curve of the separately excited synchronous machine, which can, for example, describe an operating range of the separately excited synchronous machine. The operating range can, for example, be related to the torque and rotational speed of the separately excited synchronous machine. Furthermore, the operating point data can comprise multiple operating characteristic curves. The operating point data can particularly preferably be configured to control a rotor and / or a stator of the separately excited synchronous machine.

[0008] The procedure involves capturing a provided thermal model of the separately excited synchronous machine.

[0009] The thermal model can, for example, comprise one or more systems of equations designed to determine the temperature of the separately excited synchronous machine. Furthermore, the thermal model can be used to determine or calculate the temperature at any point within the separately excited synchronous machine. For example, the thermal model can be provided to the procedure by a computer system.

[0010] Furthermore, the procedure includes the acquisition of provided control data, which includes operating point characteristics for controlling the separately excited synchronous machine.

[0011] The control data can, for example, comprise one or more control values. Each of the control values ​​can be configured to drive the separately excited synchronous machine to a specific operating point. For example, the control data can be provided to the process by the computer system and / or another computer system.

[0012] Furthermore, the method includes the acquisition of provided temperature data, which includes a temperature during operation of the externally excited synchronous machine.

[0013] The temperature data can, for example, comprise one or more temperature values. These temperature values ​​can, for example, specify the temperature at one or more locations within the separately excited synchronous machine. For instance, the temperature data can include information about the temperature of the stator and / or the rotor. The temperature data can be provided to the process by the computer system and / or another computer system. Furthermore, the temperature data can be provided to the process by a temperature sensor.

[0014] Furthermore, the procedure includes determining the operating point data based on the control data and the thermal model as a function of the temperature data.

[0015] In determining the thermal control value, the method can, for example, determine a thermal control value based on the thermal model and the temperature data, and furthermore determine an operating point value of the operating point data based on the thermal control value and the control data.

[0016] Preferably, the method can be used to increase the power density, in particular a continuous or sustained power density, especially a power density that remains constant over a period of use, during operation of the separately excited synchronous machine. The sustained power density can, for example, include an increase in efficiency and / or torque of the separately excited synchronous machine.

[0017] To increase efficiency and / or torque during the operating period, for example, operating points specified by the control data can be adjusted with regard to the thermal control values, so that the continuous power density can be increased.

[0018] Increasing the continuous power density can, for example, mean that the separately excited synchronous machine is controlled in such a way that, particularly with regard to heating due to operation and / or external influences, continuous efficiency and / or continuous torque can be generated permanently or over the entire operating period of the separately excited synchronous machine.

[0019] This method can particularly favorably prevent or delay a reduction in the torque of the separately excited synchronous machine caused by thermal effects during operation, as it prevents or delays overheating of the separately excited synchronous machine, especially the rotor. In this respect, the method can lower the temperature or slow the temperature rise of the separately excited synchronous machine or a part of it, such as the rotor. This allows for a continuous efficiency and / or torque throughout the entire operating period.

[0020] Particularly advantageous is the use of this method to achieve a slower heating of the rotor. For example, the heating can be uniform, uneven, or fluctuating. Alternatively or additionally, the temperature of the stator and the temperature of the rotor can rise uniformly relative to each other, or the stator and the rotor can heat up uniformly relative to each other. For example, the stator and the rotor can reach the same temperature when heated uniformly relative to each other.

[0021] Furthermore, the continuous power density with respect to one or more operating points of the separately excited synchronous machine is to be increased.

[0022] In this respect, the method can either control the separately excited synchronous machine in such a way that it can be operated in a loss-optimized manner (loss-optimized operation), whereby the rotor typically heats up more and a temperature limit of the rotor is reached faster than the stator reaches its temperature limit.

[0023] Furthermore, the method can control the separately excited synchronous machine in such a way that it can be operated in a power-optimized manner, preferably generating increased power via the stator compared to loss-optimized operation. Generating this increased power in the stator preferably results in the stator and rotor heating uniformly. For example, heating can be uniform, uneven, or fluctuating. Therefore, it is particularly advantageous to ensure that the stator and rotor reach their respective temperature limits simultaneously. In this respect, power-optimized operation of the separately excited synchronous machine can lead to a continuously increased torque.

[0024] Alternatively or additionally, operating point data can also be determined using the method, which control the separately excited synchronous machine in such a way that it is operated between a possible loss-optimized operation of the separately excited synchronous machine and a possible power-optimized operation of the separately excited synchronous machine.

[0025] For example, in power-optimized operation, a lower maximum possible power may occur, but the lower maximum power can be maintained for a longer time than the maximum possible power of loss-optimized operation, or can be provided by the separately excited synchronous machine.

[0026] Particularly advantageous is the inclusion of temperature data to control the rotor and / or stator power in such a way as to increase the continuous power density.

[0027] Furthermore, the operating point data can also be determined based on a self-learning algorithm.

[0028] The self-learning algorithm can, for example, have pre-configured values ​​or rules, which are provided, for instance, by a manufacturer of the separately excited synchronous machine and / or a manufacturer of a system consisting of the separately excited synchronous machine and the mass driven by the separately excited synchronous machine. Furthermore, the self-learning algorithm can be trained, for example, based on the operation or use of the separately excited synchronous machine. For instance, training data can be provided to the self-learning algorithm. This training data can be provided, for example, by the computer system and / or another computer system, particularly a cloud computer system.

[0029] For example, the self-learning algorithm can be trained based on the operating states of the separately excited synchronous machine, temperature data from the machine's environment, and / or data from the system in which the separately excited synchronous machine is used. For instance, the system could include a vehicle, with the self-learning algorithm being trained based on the vehicle's operating states, such as Eco, Sport, and / or Normal modes. Furthermore, the self-learning algorithm can be trained based on the vehicle's exposure to weather conditions. Additionally, the self-learning algorithm can be trained based on battery data, such as the vehicle's state of charge (SoC).

[0030] Furthermore, the operating point data can be determined based on operating cycle data of the separately excited synchronous machine.

[0031] The operating cycle data can, for example, include information on the usage patterns of the externally excited synchronous machine. For instance, the operating point data can be determined using the operating cycle data in such a way that similar or identical usage patterns, especially recurring usage patterns, are recognized, and the operating point data can then be optimized with regard to these similar or identical usage patterns.

[0032] Furthermore, the determination can include a weighting between a power of a stator of the separately excited synchronous machine set by the control data and a power of a rotor of the separately excited synchronous machine set by the control data.

[0033] For example, weighting can be used to determine whether the power of the stator is higher than the power of the rotor, or vice versa.

[0034] Furthermore, the stator power can be weighted more heavily than the rotor power, and the operating point data can be determined such that the required torque of the separately excited synchronous machine is set as a function of the higher stator power. Alternatively, the rotor power can be weighted more heavily than the stator power, and the operating point data can be determined such that the required torque of the separately excited synchronous machine is set as a function of the higher stator power. Finally, the stator and rotor power can be weighted equally, and the operating point data can be determined such that the required torque of the separately excited synchronous machine is set as a function of equal stator and rotor power.

[0035] In this respect, it is particularly advantageous to determine the operating point data based on the control data and the thermal model as a function of the temperature data, wherein the operating point data can further include a weighting between a stator power set by the control data and a rotor power set by the control data. Furthermore, the operating point data can be configured to control a d-current, a q-current, and / or an excitation current of the separately excited synchronous machine.

[0036] For example, the operating point data can be configured to control the separately excited synchronous machine in such a way that an operating point is selected to set a specific torque. This torque can be adjusted, for instance, by varying the d-currents, q-currents, and / or excitation currents. Furthermore, the d-current, q-current, and excitation current can also be referred to as the dqe current space of the separately excited synchronous machine. Additionally, the thermal model can include data and / or values ​​related to the dqe current space.

[0037] Furthermore, the procedure may also include providing the operating point data.

[0038] The method can also include controlling the separately excited synchronous machine based on the operating point data.

[0039] Furthermore, a computing system is disclosed which is designed and set up to execute the disclosed procedure.

[0040] The computing system can, for example, comprise one or more computer systems, where the multiple computer systems are designed and / or configured for networked operation or collaboration. Furthermore, the computing system can also include, for example, cloud computing systems.

[0041] Furthermore, a vehicle with a separately excited synchronous machine and a computing unit is disclosed, wherein the computing unit is designed and equipped to control the separately excited synchronous machine using operating point data based on the disclosed method.

[0042] For example, the operating cycle data can show a recurring driving cycle or route of travel for the vehicle. Furthermore, the self-learning algorithm can be further trained based on the individual driving behavior of the vehicle's driver.

[0043] The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures. These show: Fig. 1. A description of the procedure for determining operating point data; Fig. 2. An exemplary construction of a vehicle with a separately excited synchronous machine and a computing unit; and Fig. 3 a diagram showing the relationship between a torque M and a rotational speed N in a separately excited synchronous machine.

[0044] The present invention is described below with reference to preferred embodiments and the figures. However, this description of the embodiment should not be considered exhaustive.

[0045] The Fig. Figure 1 shows a step in the process of method 100 for determining operating point data. Method 100 includes acquiring a provided thermal model 110 of the separately excited synchronous machine. Furthermore, method 100 includes acquiring provided control data 120, which comprise operating point characteristics for controlling the separately excited synchronous machine. Method 100 also includes acquiring provided temperature data 130, which represent the temperature during operation of the separately excited synchronous machine. Finally, method 100 includes determining the operating point data 140 based on the control data and the thermal model as a function of the temperature data.

[0046] Furthermore, method 100 can determine the operating point data based on a self-learning algorithm. Method 100 can also determine the operating point data based on operating cycle data of the separately excited synchronous machine.

[0047] Furthermore, the determination 140 can have a weighting between a power of a stator of the separately excited synchronous machine 2 set by the control data and a power of a rotor of the separately excited synchronous machine 2 set by the control data.

[0048] Furthermore, the stator power can be weighted more heavily than the rotor power, and the operating point data can be determined such that the required torque of the separately excited synchronous machine 2 is set as a function of the higher stator power. Alternatively, the rotor power can be weighted more heavily than the stator power, and the operating point data can be determined such that the required torque of the separately excited synchronous machine 2 is set as a function of the higher stator power. Finally, the stator and rotor power can be weighted equally, and the operating point data can be determined such that the required torque of the separately excited synchronous machine 2 is set as a function of equal stator and rotor power.

[0049] Furthermore, the operating point data can be configured to control a d-current, a q-current and / or an excitation current of the separately excited synchronous machine.

[0050] Furthermore, method 100 can also include providing the operating point data. In addition, method 100 can include controlling the separately excited synchronous machine based on the operating point data.

[0051] The Fig. Figure 2 shows an exemplary configuration of a vehicle 1 with two separately excited synchronous machines 2 and a computing unit 3. The two separately excited synchronous machines 2 are configured to drive the wheels 4 of the vehicle 1 axle by axle. The computing unit 3 is set up and configured to control the two separately excited synchronous machines 2 using operating point data. This operating point data is provided by a separate computing system 20. It is also conceivable that the vehicle 1 has only one separately excited synchronous machine 2 for axle-wise driving of two wheels 4 or four separately excited synchronous machines 2 for wheel-wise driving of the wheels 4.

[0052] The computer system 20 can, for example, process the operating point data using a method 100 according to Fig. 1. The separate computing system 20 can, for example, provide the computing unit 3 with a self-learning algorithm. Furthermore, the separate computing system 20 can provide training data for the self-learning algorithm.

[0053] The separate computing system 20 and the computing unit 3 can be in contact, at least temporarily, via a communication link. For example, the communication link can be a wired communication link and / or a wireless communication link.

[0054] The Fig. Figure 3 shows a diagram 30, which illustrates the relationship between a torque M, for example in Newton meters, and a rotational speed N, for example in 1 / min, of a separately excited synchronous machine, for example the separately excited synchronous machine 2 from the Fig. 2, represents.

[0055] Diagram 30 shows a first characteristic curve 31, which is formed from several operating points of the separately excited synchronous machine. The first characteristic curve 31 includes, in particular, operating points that are optimized with respect to the power output of the separately excited synchronous machine, so that the separately excited synchronous machine can be operated continuously or for a specific period of time at optimal power output.

[0056] Diagram 30 shows a second characteristic curve 32, which is formed from several operating points for controlling a separately excited synchronous machine. The second characteristic curve 32 includes, in particular, operating points that are optimized with regard to the efficiency of the separately excited synchronous machine, so that the separately excited synchronous machine can be operated continuously or for a specific period of time in a loss-optimized manner.

[0057] The second characteristic curve 32 can be derived, for example, using method 100 from the Fig.1 is determined based on the first characteristic curve 31. The second characteristic curve 32 can, for example, be shifted according to a weighting between the power of a stator of the separately excited synchronous machine 2 set by the control data and the power of a rotor of the separately excited synchronous machine 2 set by the control data. Thus, for example, higher efficiency during continuous operation of the separately excited synchronous machine can be achieved when operating the machine based on the second characteristic curve 32 compared to operating the machine based on the second characteristic curve 32.

[0058] Preferably, the stator power can be weighted more heavily than the rotor power, and the operating point data can be determined such that the required torque of the separately excited synchronous machine 2 is set as a function of the higher stator power. Alternatively, the stator and rotor power can be weighted equally, and the operating point data can be determined such that the required torque of the separately excited synchronous machine 2 is set as a function of equal stator and rotor power.

[0059] Furthermore, the second characteristic curve 32 can be shifted with respect to an operating cycle of the separately excited synchronous machine. This operating cycle can be, for example, a recurring operating cycle and / or a pre-defined operating cycle. Additionally, the second characteristic curve 32 can be shifted with respect to a self-learning algorithm. The self-learning algorithm can be trained, for example, by the operating cycle, particularly recurring operating cycles. Reference symbol list 1 vehicle 2 separately excited synchronous machines 3 Calculation unit 4 wheels 20 computer system 30 Diagram 31 first characteristic curve 32 second characteristic curve 100 methods for determining operating point data 110 Capturing a provided thermal model 120 Recording of provided tax data 130 Recording of provided temperature data 140 Determining the operating point data

Claims

[1] Method (100) for determining operating point data for controlling a separately excited synchronous machine (2), comprising: Acquisition of a provided thermal model (110) of the separately excited synchronous machine (2); Acquisition of provided control data (120) which include operating point characteristics for controlling the separately excited synchronous machine (2); Acquisition of provided temperature data (130) which includes a temperature during operation of the separately excited synchronous machine (2); and Determining the operating point data (140) based on the control data and the thermal model as a function of the temperature data. [2] Method (100) according to claim 1, wherein the operating point data are further determined based on a self-learning algorithm. [3] Method (100) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the operating point data are further determined based on operating cycle data of the separately excited synchronous machine (2). [4] Method (100) according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the determination comprises a weighting between a power of a stator of the separately excited synchronous machine (2) set by the control data and a power of a rotor of the separately excited synchronous machine (2) set by the control data. [5] Method (100) according to claim 4, wherein the power of the stator is weighted more highly than the power of the rotor and the operating point data are determined such that a required torque of the separately excited synchronous machine (2) is set depending on the higher power of the stator; or the rotor power is weighted more heavily than the stator power, and the operating point data are determined in such a way that a required torque of the separately excited synchronous machine (2) is set depending on the higher power of the stator; or the power of the stator and the power of the rotor are weighted equally and the operating point data are determined in such a way that a required operating point of the separately excited synchronous machine (2) is set depending on the equal power of the stator and the rotor. [6] Method (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the operating point data are configured to control a d-current, a q-current and / or an excitation current of the separately excited synchronous machine (2). [7] Method (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the method (100) further comprises providing the operating point data. [8] Method (100) according to claim 7, wherein the method (100) comprises controlling the separately excited synchronous machine based on the operating point data. [9] Computing system (20) designed and configured to perform the method (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 8. [10] Vehicle (1) with a separately excited synchronous machine (2) and a computing unit (3), wherein the computing unit (3) is designed and configured to control the separately excited synchronous machine (2) by means of operating point data determined on the basis of the method (100) according to one of claims 1 to 8.

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