Device for receiving and dispensing miscible materials

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for receiving and dispensing mixable materials, comprising a receiving vessel with a truncated cone-shaped lower portion, a discharge opening positioned at the bottom in the direction of gravity, and a mixer shaft arranged centrally in a mixing chamber, which has at least one mixer rotating within the receiving vessel. To ensure that all mixed materials in the mixing chamber flow reliably through both the zones of lesser and more intensive mixing, the discharge opening is provided with a displacement device extending into the interior of the lower portion of the receiving vessel. The lower end of the mixing screw or spiral of the mixer extends into the approximately V-shaped channel between the lower vessel wall and the displacement device.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a device for receiving and dispensing miscible materials, comprising a cylindrical receiving vessel with a frustoconical lower region having a lower discharge opening in the direction of gravity and a mixing shaft arranged centrally in a mixing chamber, which has at least one mixing mechanism rotating in the receiving vessel.

[0002] Mixing machines with rotationally symmetrical mixing chambers are already known in the prior art, in which the drive shaft of the mixing tools is mounted in the center of the mixing chamber. A mixer drive with a mixer shaft and at least one mixing tool is located on a substantially horizontal pivot axis. The mixing tool is a screw belt wound helically around the mixer shaft. According to DE 199 26 045 C2, the mixing material hopper is a container with a cross-section that tapers towards the lower end and has a closure at the bottom for the mixing tool. The mixing tool is immersed in the mix when the hopper is closed. According to DE 198 09 476 C2, the screw belt screws itself into the mix when immersed. Due to its shape and the closure at the bottom, the container according to DE 199 26 045 C2 is self-emptying; the mass flow is simple, fast, and complete without segregation.

[0003] The mixing tool is designed to allow the mixed materials to flow through as completely as possible. However, in the devices known from the prior art, only a rotating movement occurs in the center of the mixing chamber. In contrast, the rotation and associated translation take place in the periphery. This also applies to the mixed materials gripped by the mixing tool. The further they are from the axis of rotation of the mixing tool, the more intensively they are mixed.

[0004] A screw-belt mixing tool creates three-dimensional total flow. The upward flow occurs at the periphery, while the downward flow occurs in the center. To achieve three-dimensional redistribution of the mixed materials, additional mixing units or complex storage systems are required.

[0005] For example, JP 2006 043624 A shows a device for receiving and dispensing mixable materials with a screw that orbits in the mixing chamber. A discharge opening is provided in the bottom area of ​​the receiving vessel, which is equipped with an upwardly curved bottom lid.

[0006] From JP S55 76029 U a device for receiving and dispensing miscible materials is known with a main mixing mechanism arranged centrally in the mixing chamber and a spiral-shaped stirring blade arranged along a vessel wall, wherein the dispensing opening has an upwardly curved base plate.

[0007] The object of the invention is therefore to create a simple solution in which all the mixed materials in the mixing chamber flow reliably through both the zones of lesser and more intensive mixing.

[0008] This object is achieved according to the invention in that the discharge opening is provided with a displacement device that extends into the interior of the lower region of the receiving vessel, and a main mixing tool of the mixing mechanism extends into the approximately V-shaped channel between a lower vessel wall and the displacement device. The displacement device is understood to be both a dynamic and a static element.

[0009] This ensures that all particles contributing to the recipe move relative to their neighboring particles. The displacement device directs the mixed materials from the center of the mixing chamber to its periphery. There they are captured and conveyed upwards by the main mixing tool, i.e. the lower end of the mixing screw or mixing spiral of the mixer, which projects into the roughly V-shaped channel between the lower vessel wall and the displacement device. This ensures smooth and effective flow of the mixed material, even in the conical mixing chamber floor area. At the same time, low-wear mixing is possible, the mixing chamber can be easily cleaned after emptying and forms both a mixing and a reactor vessel.

[0010] This makes it possible to reliably and evenly mix components with different flow properties, densities, moisture levels, and particle sizes. The device can be operated either as a batch or continuous mixer.

[0011] At the same time, the well-known problems of upright mixers are solved with a vertically mounted mixing shaft. Typically, the mixing materials lie heavier on top of each other, and the back pressure in the lower mixer section increases the larger the mixer is. In such a case, the mixing materials can easily compact and clump together. The mixing tool then has to overcome the increased back pressure. The mixing process is made more difficult because there is no loosening effect. This occurs particularly frequently when the base of the vertical mixer has a cone or truncated cone. The materials in the lower, tapered mixer section are almost impossible to loosen due to the circular peripheral speed of the mixing tool and thus hardly pass through. As a result, the materials located here rotate almost exclusively in a circle. Previous attempts have been made to optimize the spiral shape of the mixing tool and increase the rotation frequency.However, this is only possible to a limited extent with large mixers. In any case, the mixing time must be drastically extended. In some cases, a portion of the mix is ​​even removed from the bottom of the mixing vessel during mixing and re-added to the mixing chamber from above.

[0012] All these difficulties are eliminated by the new solution according to the invention, in which the material to be mixed is guided from the center to the periphery by the displacement device projecting into the lower area of ​​the receiving vessel, where it is captured by the lower end of the mixing screw or mixing spiral of the mixer projecting into the cross-sectionally approximately V-shaped channel between the lower vessel wall and the displacement device and is conveyed upwards by the screw band wound helically around the mixer shaft with the corresponding translational movement, before it trickles or flows down again from there along the mixer shaft in the center of the mixer.

[0013] The displacement device is advantageously movable into the interior of the receiving vessel to open the discharge opening and is advantageously arranged within the mixing chamber for this purpose. The displacement device is designed to be immersed in the mixing chamber to empty the vessel, which is open at the bottom, and the mixer without colliding with the mixing tool and without impairing mixing efficiency.

[0014] Alternatively, the displacement device for opening the discharge opening can also be lowered below the discharge opening, again without colliding with the mixing tool and without affecting the mixing efficiency.

[0015] The displacement device advantageously has a larger diameter at its lower edge than the discharge opening of the mixing vessel if it is arranged within the mixing chamber and can be moved into the interior of the receiving vessel to open the discharge opening. This ensures a tight and secure closure of the discharge opening. The same applies if the displacement device can be lowered below the discharge opening to open the discharge opening. The displacement device can be moved into or out of the mixing chamber in a translational manner. Alternatively, it can be moved into or out of the lower region of the receiving vessel by means of a lifting and rotating movement.

[0016] In any case, the displacement device is designed to be tightly sealed to the lower vessel wall. The displacement device can be conical, hyperbolic, parabolic, scale-like, dome-like, roof-like, hemispherical, trumpet-shaped, teardrop-shaped, truncated cone-shaped, convex, or concave. A static, smooth, or dome-like design is also possible. The displacement device can be designed as a fixed component. It can also be driven and supported from below and be designed for both high- and low-speed operation. The displacement device can be convex or concave. It can also be movable translationally into or lowered from the mixing chamber. The displacement device can also be designed as an opening.

[0017] Further embodiments are disclosed in the dependent claims. In particular, several, especially two or three, receiving vessels can overlap in such a way that a two- or three-shaft mixer with further improved mixing properties can be formed.

[0018] It is particularly advantageous if the displacement device is shaped and designed in such a way that the mixable materials slide along it due to gravity. This allows the mixable materials or the mixable product to move easily from the center of the mixing chamber to its periphery and thus into the collection area of ​​the mixing tools.

[0019] It is also advantageous if the main mixing tool is shaped so that it also captures the mix at the bottom of the approximately V-shaped channel. This ensures dead-space-free capture and reliable mixing of the mix.

[0020] With a main mixing tool that is adapted to the contour of the lower vessel wall, the mixing material can be easily conveyed upwards along the lower vessel wall out of the cross-sectionally approximately V-shaped channel and mixed effectively.

[0021] Another significant advantage is that the main mixing tool is shaped to correspond to the contour of the lower vessel wall. In this case, the main mixing tool is adapted to the contour of the lower vessel wall in such a way that a preferably constant small gap exists between the main mixing tool and the lower vessel wall along the entire length of the tool. This allows for particularly effective mixing.

[0022] It is particularly advantageous to have a clearance angle between the lower vessel wall and the main mixing tool. This ensures that the material that gets between the lower vessel wall and the molded main mixing tool is not subjected to stress, i.e., further strain or strain.

[0023] Another advantage is that the displacement device is partially stripped off the main mixing tool. If this area is provided in a lower section of the displacement device and extends to the bottom of the approximately V-shaped channel, particularly thorough mixing of the mixed materials is ensured. The stripped lower section should preferably be no more than one-third of the total height of the displacement device extending into the interior of the lower section of the receiving vessel.

[0024] A further advantageous embodiment provides that the slope of the surface between a lower edge of the displacer device and an upper end of the displacer device, after the lifting and rotating movement, has an angle of at most 65 degrees relative to the direction of gravity. This means that the slope of the surface with which the displacer device projects into the lower region of the receiving vessel is approximately 25 degrees or more relative to a horizontal plane orthogonal to the direction of gravity, even in the open position. The advantage of this embodiment is that the displacer device does not have to be completely lowered out of the mixing chamber. Thus, the miscible materials are discharged through the discharge opening in the direction of gravity even at small opening angles of 15 to 30 degrees.Thus, even a slight lifting and rotating movement is sufficient to open the dispensing opening wide enough for the mixable materials to be dispensed through the dispensing opening by gravity. This measure saves valuable installation space below the dispensing opening.

[0025] Further features, details, and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description and the drawings. Some embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail by way of example in the following drawings. Corresponding objects or elements are provided with the same reference numerals in all figures. These show Fig. 1 a cross-section through a receiving and dispensing device according to the invention and a mixing mechanism and a displacement device in the closed position, Fig. 2 a variant of Fig. 1 in open position, Fig. 3 another variant in closed position, Fig. 4 a variant in closed position, Fig. 5 the variant from Fig. 4 in open position, Fig. 6 another variant in alternative opening position, Fig. 7 a variant in closed position, Fig. 8 a variant according to Fig. 7 in open position, Fig. 9 a variant according to Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 in alternative opening position, Fig. 10 a variant with a dynamic displacement device, Fig. 11 the variant from Fig. 10 in open position, Fig. 12 the variant from Fig. 10 in alternative opening position, Fig. 13 another variant with dynamic displacement device, Fig. 14 the variant in Fig. 13 in open position, Fig. 15 the variant from Fig. 13 in alternative opening position, Fig. 16 a variant with inflated displacement device, Fig. 17 the variant from Fig. 16 with shrunken displacement device, Fig. 18 an additional variant in closed position, Fig. 19 the variant from Fig. 18 in open position, Fig. 20 the variant from Fig. 18 in alternative opening position, Fig. 21 the variant from Fig. 18 in open position with a lifting and turning movement, Fig. 22 the variant from Fig. 20 with alternative opening position and lift-turn movement, Fig. 23 another variant with an additional stripping tool on the displacement device, Fig. 24 a double combination of two receiving and dispensing devices with corresponding different displacement devices, Fig. 25 a triple combination, Fig. 26 a schematic plan view of a triple combination, Fig. 27 a top view of a dynamic displacement tool, Fig. 28 a cross-section through the lower region of the receiving vessel of the receiving and dispensing device according to the invention, a mixing tool and a displacement device in the closed position, Fig. 29 Top view of the lower region of the receiving vessel of the receiving and dispensing device according to the invention, a mixing tool and a displacement device in the closed position, Fig. 30 another cross-section through the lower part of the receptacle, Fig. 31 another plan view of the lower part of the receptacle, Fig. 32 a detailed view of a cross-section through the lower part of the receptacle, Fig. 33 another plan view of the lower part of the receptacle, Fig. 34 a further detailed view of a cross-section through the lower part of the receptacle, Fig. 35 a further detailed view of a cross-section through the lower part of the receptacle, Fig. 36 a further detailed view of a cross-section through the lower part of the receptacle, Fig. 37 a further plan view of the lower part of the receptacle, Fig. 38 a further detailed view of a cross-section through the lower part of the receptacle, Fig. 39 a further detailed view of a cross-section through the lower part of the receptacle, Fig. 40 a further detailed view of a cross-section through the lower part of the receptacle, Fig. 41 a cross-section through a receiving and dispensing device according to the invention and a displacement device with opening position and lifting-rotating movement, Fig. 42 a cross section through a receiving and dispensing device according to the invention and a displacement device with opening position and lifting-rotating movement.

[0026] A device according to the invention, generally designated 1, for receiving and dispensing mixable materials comprises a substantially cylindrical receiving vessel 2 with a frustoconical lower region 3 having a discharge opening 4 positioned at the bottom in the direction of gravity, and with a mixer 5 rotating within the receiving vessel 2. The mixing chamber 7 of the device 1 according to the invention is formed by the receiving vessel 2 and the frustoconical lower region 3. The rotating mixer 5 with its additional mixing tools 5', 5" is arranged in this mixing chamber 7. The mixer shaft 6 of the mixer 5, which also serves as the drive shaft for the mixing tools 5', 5", is mounted centrally in the mixing chamber 7. A mixer drive (not shown in detail) is located above on a substantially horizontal pivot axis. The mixer shaft 6 has at least one mixer 5, which can also be wound helically around the mixer shaft 6 as a screw band.A further mixing tool 9 can be arranged as the main mixing tool at the lower, free tip 8 of the mixing shaft 6.

[0027] According to the invention, the dispensing opening 4 is provided with a displacer device 10 projecting into the interior of the frustoconical lower region 3 of the receiving vessel 2. This displacer device can be designed, in particular, as an acute or wide-angled closure cone. Its shape can, for example, be conical, hyperbolic, parabolic, scale-like, dome-like, roof-like, hemispherical, trumpet-shaped, drop-shaped, frustoconical, convex or concave. It is also possible to design the displacer dynamically, for example, approximately crescent-shaped 10a, as shown, for example, in the Fig. 10 to 15 and Fig. 27 shown.

[0028] In any case, the displacement device 10, 10a is intended to be tightly sealed against the lower edge 11 of the vessel wall 13. It can also be movable translationally into the mixing chamber 7 or lowered from it.

[0029] Fig. 11 shows how the displacement device 10a is lowered from the lower region 3 of the receiving vessel 2 by a lifting-rotating movement by means of a rotary lever 12, while Fig. Figure 12 shows how the displacement device 10a is moved into the lower area 3 of the open vessel 2 by a lifting and rotating movement. The angle of inclination of the surface after the lifting and rotating movement should be at most 65 degrees relative to the direction of gravity between a lower edge 17 of the displacement device 10, 10a and an upper end 23 of the displacement device 10, 10a in order to ensure rapid and thorough emptying even with limited installation space below the discharge opening 4. Alternatively, the displacement device 10a can be arranged as in Fig. 14 shown as an example, lowered translationally from the mixing chamber 7, or as in Fig. 15, are lifted into this. Further translational opening movements result from the Fig. 19 and Fig. 20, while further lifting and turning movements in the Fig. 21 and Fig. 22 are shown.

[0030] The displacement device 10 can be designed as a fixed component, but it can also rotate as indicated by the reference numeral 10a in the Fig. 10 to 15 and 27, to improve mixing performance. It can be made from a smoothly ground metallic material or from a gas-permeable plastic. It can be made from a solid or hollow material, or even from a flexible material. In this case, it can be inflatable or shrinkable and can be flexibly pushed inward and extended downward. The surface of the displacer device 10 can also have a hydrophobic nanostructure. This allows the mixed material to slide particularly well along the displacer device 10 due to gravity, and cleaning is facilitated by this surface.

[0031] In any case, the displacement device 10 is advantageously shaped adjacent to the conical wall of the lower vessel wall 13 so that the rotating main mixing tool 5" can grasp the mixing material without dead space and stress. The lower vessel wall 13 and the cylinder receiving vessel 2 can also have a surface with a hydrophobic nanostructure.

[0032] In an embodiment, it is provided that the displacement device 10 is stripped off the rotating main mixing tool 5". Furthermore, a mixing tool 14 can be additionally arranged on the displacement device 10, as can be seen from Fig. 23. If necessary, liquid can be added via a lance 15 on the displacement device 10.

[0033] The essential advantage of the device according to the invention is that the mixed material, which flows down essentially in the center along the mixing shaft 6, which serves as the drive shaft of the mixing tools 5', 5", is guided at the bottom of the truncated cone-shaped receiving vessel 2 by the mixing shaft 6, i.e., the axis of rotation of the mixing mechanism 5, to the periphery, where an upward flow takes place. This allows all mixed materials located in the mixing chamber 7 to flow reliably through both the zones of lesser and more intensive mixing. This is ensured by the fact that the main mixing tool 5", i.e., the lower end of the mixing screw or the lowest element of the mixing mechanism 5, projects into the approximately V-shaped channel 16 between the lower vessel wall 13 and the displacement device 10. The displacement device 10 can be either a dynamic 10a or a static element 10.In any case, it is ensured that all particles involved in the formulation move relative to their neighboring particles. The problems previously encountered with vertical mixers with conical or truncated cone-shaped outlets, which consisted of the products in the center rotating almost exclusively in a circle, are solved in a simple and effective way.

[0034] The receiving device 1 can be easily opened and emptied in the manner shown, and completely. This can be done either by lowering the displacement device 10 below the dispensing opening 4 or by sliding it into the interior of the receiving vessel 2, either by a translatory or a lifting-rotating movement. Alternatively, the displacement device 10 can be flexibly inflatable or shrinkable, as shown in the Fig. 16 and Fig. 17, so that when gas or air is released, it also allows the mixed material to escape from the receiving container 2. This task can also be achieved by flexibly folding the displacing device 10 inward into the lower area 3 or extending it downwards. Any remaining mixed material can be released by vibrating the displacing device 10. It is also provided that the displacing device 10 is scraped off by the rotating main mixing tool 5".

[0035] Particular advantages arise when two devices 1, 1', 1" according to the invention are combined with each other, as in Fig. 24. Three devices according to the invention can also be combined with each other, as can be seen from Fig. 25. In both cases, the mixer performance can be further increased and the mixing times can be partially shortened. The mixing tools 5', 5" are arranged on the respective mixer shafts 6, 6', 6" and are driven and controlled in such a way that they cannot collide with each other or become entangled. The same applies to the main mixing tool 5" projecting into the approximately V-shaped channel 16 between the lower vessel wall 13 and the displacement device 10, i.e. the lower end of the mixing screw or the lowest element of the mixer 5. Particular advantages arise if the mixer 5 also has a hydrophobic nanostructure on its surface.

[0036] Fig. 28 shows a cross section through the lower region 3 of the receiving vessel of the receiving and dispensing device 1 according to the invention ( Fig. 1), the main mixing tool 5" and the displacement device 10, 10a in the closed position. As can be seen, the main mixing tool 5" of the mixing device 5 ( Fig. 1) into the cross-sectionally approximately V-shaped channel 16 between the lower vessel wall 13 and the displacer device 10, 10a. The main mixing tool 5" is shown in dashed lines in the area in which it projects into the cross-sectionally approximately V-shaped channel 16. The main mixing tool 5" projects into the cross-sectionally approximately V-shaped channel 16 in such a way that the lower end of the main mixing tool 5" extends just above the base 22 of the cross-sectionally approximately V-shaped channel 16, which is formed by the edge 11 between the lower vessel wall 13 and the displacer device 10, 10a. In addition, the main mixing tool 5" is shaped such that it grasps the material to be mixed at the base 22 of the cross-sectionally approximately V-shaped channel 16. For this purpose, the tip 20 of the main mixing tool 5" extends to the base 22 of the channel 16, which has an approximately V-shaped cross section.In the example shown, the main mixing tool 5" only scrapes the displacement device 10, 10a in the lower part of the displacement device 10, 10a, so that the mixed material, which trickles or flows down from above onto the displacement device 10, 10a, is guided by the displacement device 10, 10a from the center of the mixing chamber 7 to its periphery solely by gravity. There, the mixed material is captured by the main mixing tool 5" and conveyed upwards again. For this purpose, the rotating main mixing tool 5" is adapted to the contour of the lower vessel wall 13 and shaped parallel to the contour corresponding to the lower vessel wall 13. In the exemplary embodiment, the main mixing tool 5", which is the lower end of a mixing screw or mixing spiral of the mixer 5 (. Fig. 1), designed as a screw belt or a mixing spiral. The displacement device 10, 10a is located in the illustration according to Fig. 28, 29 and 33 to 40 in the closed position, so that between the lower edge 11 of the vessel wall 13 and the displacement device 10, 10a a sealing zone is formed, which seals the discharge opening 4 ( Fig. 2). The sealing zone is arranged in this embodiment above the lower edge 17 of the displacement device 10, 10a. In addition, the sealing zone in this embodiment forms the base 22 of the cross-sectionally approximately V-shaped channel 16. In the Fig. 28, the dispensing opening 4 ( Fig. 2) by placing the displacement device 10, 10a under the discharge opening 4 ( Fig. 2) is lowered.

[0037] The Fig. 29 shows a plan view, from the direction of the lower free tip 8 ( Fig. 1), on the Fig. 28 shown lower area 3 of the receiving vessel 2 ( Fig. 1) of the receiving and dispensing device 1 according to the invention ( Fig. 1) and the main mixing tool 5'' and a displacement device 10, 10a in the closed position. As in Fig. 29, the main mixing tool 5'' projects into the cross-sectionally approximately V-shaped channel 16 ( Fig. 28) that a tip 20 of the main mixing tool 5'', as the lower end of the main mixing tool 5'', extends to the base 22 of the cross-sectionally approximately V-shaped channel 16 ( Fig. 28), which is defined by the edge 11 ( Fig. 28) is formed between the lower vessel wall 13 and the displacement device 10, 10a. Here, the main mixing tool 5'' is shaped such that it presses the mixture at the bottom 22 of the cross-sectionally approximately V-shaped channel 16 ( Fig. 28). For this purpose, the main mixing tool 5'' has a tip 20 which extends to the bottom 22 of the cross-sectionally approximately V-shaped channel 16 ( Fig. 28). In a lower section, the main mixing tool 5'' scrapes the displacement device 10, 10a. For this purpose, the tip 20 of the main mixing tool 5'' is also adapted to the contour of the displacement device 10, 10a in this area. Since the main mixing tool 5'' is shaped parallel to the contour corresponding to the lower vessel wall 13, the mixed material is pressed onto the mixer shaft 6 ( Fig. 1) safely transported upwards along the lower vessel wall 13.

[0038] With the Fig. 30 is a further cross-section through the lower area 3 of the receiving vessel 1 ( Fig. 1). However, the focus here was on the representation of the arrangement of the main mixing tool 5'' in the cross-sectionally approximately V-shaped channel 16 ( Fig. 29) so that Fig. 30 shows only a section of the lower area 3. The mixture captured by the main mixing tool 5'' is advantageously conveyed upwards along the lower vessel wall 13 after it has been conveyed along the mixing shaft 6 ( Fig. 1) has trickled or flowed down and is discharged by the displacement device 10, 10a from the center of the mixing chamber 7 ( Fig. 1) in its periphery. In order to ensure effective conveyance of the mixed material by the main mixing tool 5'', the gap 21 between the lower vessel wall 13 and the main mixing tool 5'' is small, ie the main mixing tool 5'' is adapted to the contour of the lower vessel wall 13 and the main mixing tool 5'' is shaped parallel to the lower vessel wall 13. Also in Fig. 30, the displacement device 10, 10a is shown in the closed position. In the embodiment shown here, the discharge opening 4 ( Fig. 2) by inserting the displacement device 10, 10a into the interior of the receiving vessel 2 ( Fig. 1) is movable. The displacement device 10, 10a with its lower edge 17 forms a sealing zone with the lower vessel wall 13 in the closed position. It can also be seen that the lower end of the main mixing tool 5'', i.e. the tip 20, extends just above the base 22 of the approximately V-shaped channel 16, which is formed by the edge between the lower vessel wall 13 and the lower edge 17 of the displacement device 10, 10a. The resulting gap 20 between the main mixing tool 5'' and the base 22 of the approximately V-shaped channel 16 is selected such that the material to be mixed located on the base 22 is grasped. The tip 20 of the main mixing tool 5'' is also shaped such that the material to be mixed is grasped without stress. This means that the mix is ​​not subjected to further stress but rather protected.The gap 21 and the tip 20 are therefore to be dimensioned depending on the mixable material being picked up, i.e. depending on the size and condition of the mix, so that a dead space-free and stress-free collection of the mix is ​​guaranteed.

[0039] In Fig. 31 is a further plan view of the lower portion 3 of the receptacle 2 ( Fig. 1). Similar to Fig. 29 is the perspective from which the lower area 3 is viewed, the direction in which the lower free tip 8 ( Fig. 1). The dashed line, which is marked XX, indicates the cross-sectional plane, which in Fig. 32 is shown in detail. The main mixing tool 5" in the exemplary embodiment tapers continuously. With its tip 20, the main mixing tool 5" projects, as already described above, into the cross-sectionally approximately V-shaped channel 16 ( Fig. 28) between the lower vessel wall 13 and the displacement device 10, 10a.

[0040] The excerpt in Fig. 32 shows in detail a cross-section through the lower area 3 of the receptacle 2 ( Fig. 1) at the Fig. 31 with XX designated cutting plane. As can be seen, the tip protrudes 20 ( Fig. 31) of the main mixing tool 5'', as the lower end of the main mixing tool 5'', to just above the bottom 22 of the cross-sectionally approximately V-shaped channel 16, which is formed by the edge between the lower vessel wall 13 and the displacement device 10, 10a.

[0041] With Fig. 33 is another top view, similar to Fig. 29 and Fig. 31, on the lower part 3 of the receptacle 2 ( Fig. 1). The perspective of the top view is as in Fig. 29 and Fig. 31 elected. In Fig. 33 shows three cutting planes XX, YY, and ZZ, which are partially cut into the Fig. 34, Fig. 35 and Fig. 36 are shown. The main mixing tool 5" tapers to a point in the exemplary embodiment, with the tip 20 of the main mixing tool 5" being adapted to the shape of the displacement device 10, 10a. The main mixing tool 5" projects with its tip 20, as already described above, into the cross-sectionally approximately V-shaped channel 16 ( Fig. 28) between the lower vessel wall 13 and the displacement device 10, 10a.

[0042] In the excerpt in Fig. 34 is a detailed sectional view through the lower area 3 of the receptacle 2 ( Fig. 1) at the Fig. 33 is shown in the section plane marked XX. The main mixing tool 5'' projects into the cross-sectionally approximately V-shaped channel 16 ( Fig. 28) that only a small gap 21 remains between the displacement device 10, 10a, the lower vessel wall 13 and the main mixing tool 5''. This ensures that the mixed material also reaches the bottom 22 of the cross-sectionally approximately V-shaped channel 16 ( Fig. 28). This ensures that the mixed material is picked up by the main mixing tool 5'' without any dead space. The displacement device 10, 10a is wiped off by the main mixing tool 5'' in a lower section, while this does not occur in the upper section of the displacement device 10, 10a. In this upper section, the mixed material slides along the displacement device 10, 10a solely due to gravity.

[0043] In the excerpt in Fig. 35 is a detailed sectional view through the lower area 3 of the receptacle 2 ( Fig. 1) at the Fig. 33 is shown in the section plane labeled YY. Due to the contour-parallel corresponding shape, a gap 21 that remains constant over the tool length is also present at this point of the main mixing tool 5''. The gap 21 between the lower vessel wall 13 and the main mixing tool 5'' is, as can be seen, chosen to be so small that effective conveying of the mixed material along the lower vessel wall 13 by the main mixing tool 5'' is ensured. For this purpose, the main mixing tool 5'' is adapted to the contour of the lower vessel wall 13.

[0044] In the excerpt in Fig. 36 is a detailed sectional view through the lower area 3 of the receptacle 2 ( Fig. 1) at the Fig. 33 is shown in the section plane marked ZZ. At this point, too, a corresponding gap 21 exists between the main mixing tool 5'' and the lower vessel wall 13.

[0045] With Fig. 37 is another top view, similar to Fig. 31 and Fig. 33, on the lower part 3 of the receptacle 2 ( Fig. 1). The perspective of the top view is as in Fig. 31 and Fig. 33 elected. In Fig. 37 also shows three cutting planes XX, YY, and ZZ, which are partially integrated into the Fig. 38, Fig. 39 and Fig. 40 are shown. The main mixing tool 5" tapers to a point in the exemplary embodiment, with the tip 20 of the main mixing tool 5" being adapted to the shape of the displacement device 10, 10a. The main mixing tool 5" projects with its tip 20, as already described above, into the cross-sectionally approximately V-shaped channel 16 ( Fig. 28) between the lower vessel wall 13 and the displacement device 10, 10a.

[0046] In the excerpt in Fig. 38 is a detailed sectional view through the lower area 3 of the receptacle 2 ( Fig. 1) at the Fig. 37 with XX. The main mixing tool 5'' projects into the cross-sectionally approximately V-shaped channel 16 ( Fig. 28) that only a small gap 21 remains between the displacer device 10, 10a, the lower vessel wall 13 and the main mixing tool 5''. The displacer device 10, 10a is here stripped in a lower part area by the main mixing tool 5'', while this does not occur in the upper part area of ​​the displacer device 10, 10a. Unlike in the embodiment according to Fig. 34, a clearance angle 18 is arranged between the lower vessel wall 13 and the main mixing tool 5''. This clearance angle 18 is arranged such that the conveying of the mixed material along the lower vessel wall 13 can take place stress-free. Thus, mixed material particles that get into the gap 21 between the lower vessel wall 13 and the main mixing tool 5'' are not further stressed by the clearance angle 18 located behind it in the conveying direction, but are protected. Mixed material particles that were not grasped during the first rotation of the main mixing tool 5'' are grasped and conveyed upwards during one of the subsequent rotations. This ensures stress-free grasping of the mixed material by the main mixing tool 5''.

[0047] In the excerpt in Fig. 39 is a detailed sectional view through the lower area 3 of the receptacle 2 ( Fig. 1) at the Fig. 37 is shown in the sectional plane labeled YY. The gap 21 between the lower vessel wall 13 and the main mixing tool 5'' is selected to be so small that effective conveying of the mixing material along the lower vessel wall 13 by the main mixing tool 5'' is ensured. The clearance angle 18 between the main mixing tool 5'' and the lower vessel wall 13 also ensures that the main mixing tool 5'' captures the mixing material along the lower vessel wall 13 without stress.

[0048] In the excerpt in Fig. 40 is a detailed sectional view through the lower area 3 of the receptacle 2 ( Fig. 1) at the Fig. 37 is shown in the section plane marked ZZ. At this point, too, there is a corresponding gap 21 with a clearance angle 18 between the main mixing tool 5'' and the lower vessel wall 13.

[0049] Fig. 41 and Fig. 42 show a device 1 according to the invention with a cylindrical receiving vessel 2 with a truncated cone-shaped lower region 3 and with a lower discharge opening 4 in the direction of gravity. The displacement device 10, 10a projecting into the interior of the lower region 3 closes the discharge opening 4 in the closed position. The displacement device 10, 10a is shown in dashed lines in an open position, wherein the opening angle at the Fig. 41 and Fig. 42. The opening angle is adjusted by a lifting and rotating movement, in which the displacement device 10, 10a is lowered from the lower area 3 of the receiving vessel 2. In Fig. 41 shows an opening angle of about 15 degrees, whereas in Fig. 42, an opening angle of 20 degrees is shown. Even with an opening angle of 30 degrees, the slope of the surface between a lower edge 17 of the displacer device 10, 10a and an upper end 23 of the displacer device 10, 10a should have an angle of no more than 65 degrees relative to the direction of gravity after the lifting-rotating movement. The slope of the surface with which the displacer device 10, 10a projects into the lower region of the receiving vessel should therefore be approximately 25 degrees or more relative to a horizontal plane orthogonal to the direction of gravity, even in the open position.

[0050] Naturally, the invention is not limited to the illustrated embodiments. Further embodiments are possible without departing from the basic idea. For example, it is also possible to design the displacement device 10 dynamically rather than statically. In this case, a displacement device 10a rotates about its own axis 19, as in the Fig. 10 to 15 and 27. For this purpose, a separate drive with a gear unit can be provided in the displacement device 10a. Furthermore, at least one additional dynamic tool can be provided. Furthermore, the materials that can be mixed with the device according to the invention can be, in addition to moist materials, primarily powders or solid, small-particle bodies. List of reference symbols: 1 device 2 receiving vessel 3 Truncated cone-shaped lower area 4 Dispensing opening 5 mixing plant 5' mixing tool 5'' main mixing tool 6 mixing shaft 6', 6'' mixer shafts 7 Mixing room 8 Free lower tip 9 Mixing tool 10 Displacement device, 10a Displacement device 11 Lower edge 12 rotary levers 13 Lower vessel wall, conical wall 14 Mixing tool 15 Lance 16 Cross-sectional V-shaped channel 17 Lower edge of the displacement device 18 clearance angles 19 Axis of the displacement device 20 Tip of the main mixing tool 21 gap 22 Bottom of the V-shaped canal 23 Upper end of the displacement device

Claims

[1] Device (1) for receiving and dispensing miscible materials, comprising a cylindrical receiving vessel (2) with a truncated cone-shaped lower region (3) with a lower discharge opening (4) in the direction of gravity and a mixing shaft (6) arranged centrally in a mixing chamber (7), which has at least one mixing mechanism (5) rotating in the receiving vessel (2), characterized by that the discharge opening (4) is provided with a displacement device (10) projecting into the interior (3) of the lower region (3) of the receiving vessel (2), and a main mixing tool (5'', 9) of the mixing mechanism (5) projects into the cross-sectionally V-shaped annular channel (16) between a lower vessel wall (13) and the displacement device (10), and wherein the main mixing tool (5'', 9) is tilted outwards from the horizontal and is designed as a helical screw band. [2] Device according to claim 1, characterized bythat the displacement device (10) for opening the dispensing opening (4) can be displaced into the interior of the receiving vessel (2). [3] Device according to claim 1, characterized by that the displacement device (10) can be lowered below the dispensing opening (4) to open the dispensing opening (4). [4] Device according to one or more of claims 1 to 3, characterized by that the displacement device (10) is arranged within the mixing chamber (7). [5] Device according to one or more of claims 1 to 4, characterized by that the displacement device (10) has a larger diameter at its lower edge (17) than the discharge opening (4) of the receiving vessel (2). [6] Device according to one or more of claims 1 to 5, characterized by that the displacement device (10) is designed as a rotating component (10a). [7] Device according to one or more of claims 1 to 6, characterized bythat the displacement device (10) seals tightly with the lower vessel wall (13). [8] Device according to one or more of claims 1 to 7, characterized by that the displacement device (10) can be moved translationally into the mixing chamber (7) or lowered therefrom. [9] Device according to one or more of claims 1 to 8, characterized by that the displacement device (10) can be moved into the lower region (3) of the receiving vessel (2) or lowered therefrom by a lifting and rotating movement. [10] Device according to one or more of claims 1 to 9, characterized by that the displacement device (10) is made of a smoothly ground metallic material. [11] Device according to one or more of claims 1 to 10, characterized by that the displacement device (10) is made of a gas-flowable plastic. [12] Device according to one or more of claims 1 to 11, characterized by that the displacement device (10) is made of a flexible material. [13] Device according to one or more of claims 1 to 12, characterized by that the displacement device (10) is flexibly inflatable or shrinkable. [14] Device according to one or more of claims 1 to 13, characterized by that the displacement device (10) can be flexibly folded inwards and pulled out downwards. [15] Device according to one or more of claims 1 to 14, characterized by that the displacement device (10) can be excited by vibration. [16] Device according to one or more of claims 1 to 15, characterized by that the displacement device (10) following the lower vessel wall (13) is shaped so that the rotating main mixing tool (5'',9) can grasp the mixing material without dead space and stress. [17] Device according to one or more of claims 1 to 16, characterized bythat the displacement device (10) is stripped off the rotating main mixing tool (5'',9). [18] Device according to one or more of claims 1 to 17, characterized by that at least two receiving vessels (2,2') which overlap in some areas are combined with at least two mixing units (5) rotating in the respective receiving vessel (4). [19] Device according to one or more of claims 1 to 18, characterized by that at least one lance (15) for adding liquid is provided on the displacement device (10). [20] Device according to one or more of claims 1 to 19, characterized by that a static mixing tool (14) is attached to the displacement device (10). [21] Device according to claim 6, characterized by that a drive motor and a gear are arranged in the displacement device (10a). [22] Device according to one or more of claims 1 to 21, characterized bythat the displacement device (10,10a) is shaped and constructed so that the miscible materials slide along it due to gravity. [23] Device according to one or more of claims 1 to 22, characterized by that the displacement device (10,10a) guides the mixed material from the center of the mixing chamber (7) to its periphery, where it is grasped by the main mixing tool (5'',9) and conveyed upwards. [24] Device according to one or more of claims 1 to 23, characterized by that the main mixing tool (5'',9) is shaped so that it grasps the mixing material at the bottom (22) of the channel (16) which has an approximately V-shaped cross-section. [25] Device according to one or more of claims 1 to 24, characterized by that the main mixing tool (5'', 9) has a tip (20) which reaches to the bottom (22) of the cross-sectionally approximately V-shaped channel (16). [26] Device according to one or more of claims 1 to 25, characterized by that the main mixing tool (5'',9) is adapted to the contour of the lower vessel wall (13) in such a way that the material to be mixed is conveyed upwards along the lower vessel wall (13) when the mixing mechanism (5) rotates. [27] Device according to one or more of claims 1 to 26, characterized by that the main mixing tool (5'',9) is shaped parallel to the contour corresponding to the lower vessel wall (13). [28] Device according to one or more of claims 1 to 27, characterized by that a clearance angle (18) is arranged between the lower vessel wall (13) and the main mixing tool (5'',9). [29] Device according to claim 17, characterized by that the displacement device (10,10a) is partially stripped off the main mixing tool (5'',9). [30] Device according to claim 29, characterized bythat the stripped area is provided in a lower part of the displacement device (10, 10a) and extends to the bottom (22) of the cross-sectionally approximately V-shaped channel (16). [31] Device according to claim 9, characterized by that the slope of the surface between a lower edge (17) of the displacement device (10,10a) and an upper end (23) of the displacement device (10,10a) after the lifting-rotating movement has an angle of at most 65 degrees with respect to the direction of gravity.

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